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Inui T, Sakaniwa R, Shirai K, Imano H, Ishihara M, Eshak ES, Dong J, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Associations between Supper Timing and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease among People with and without Hypertension. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:1098-1105. [PMID: 38538337 PMCID: PMC11224686 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Less is known about the impact of supper time on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensives and nonhypertensives. We aimed to explore this issue in a cohort study. METHODS We analyzed the data of 72,658 participants (15,386 hypertensives and 57,272 nonhypertensives) aged 40-79 years without a history of CVD at baseline (1988-1990) under the Japan Collaborative Cohort study. Supper time was assessed based on self-reported questionnaires categorized as before 17:00, between 17:00 and 20:00, after 20:00, irregular supper time, and reference supper time (17:00-20:00). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of CVD mortality were calculated according to supper time after adjustment for potential confounders, stratified by hypertensive status and age group (<65 and ≥ 65 years). RESULTS During a median of 19.4 years of follow-up, 4,850 CVD deaths were recorded. Compared with the reference time, the risk of CVD mortality was higher for irregular supper time for the total population, either hypertensives or nonhypertensives, more specifically hypertensives aged ≥ 65 years; the multivariable HR (95% CI) of CVD mortality in the total population was 1.28 (1.11-1.50, P<0.01). The supper time of >20:00 tended to be associated with the higher risk only for hypertensives; the multivariable HR was 1.39 (0.98-1.96, P=0.06). CONCLUSION Irregular supper time was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality. Supper timing could be a surrogate marker for CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Inui
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoto Sakaniwa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maho Ishihara
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Public Health, Calvin University School of Health, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Lu J, Zou R, Yang Y, Bai X, Wei W, Ding R, Hua X. Association between nocturnal light exposure and melatonin in humans: a meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3425-3434. [PMID: 38123771 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Night shift workers are more susceptible to circadian rhythm disturbances due to their prolonged exposure to nighttime light. This exposure during abnormal periods causes inappropriate suppression of melatonin synthesis and secretion in the pineal gland, thereby disrupting circadian rhythms. While it is believed that nocturnal light exposure is involved in suppressing melatonin secretion, research findings in this area have been inconsistent. METHODS Thirteen publications retrieved from PubMed and Web of Science databases were included to compare the differences between night shift workers and controls using aggregated mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS After a comprehensive review, 13 publications were included and data on urinary melatonin metabolite 6-sulfameoxymelatonin(aMT6s) were collected for meta-analysis. The results showed that the morning urinary aMT6s levels were significantly lower in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group (MD = -3.69, 95%CI = (-5.41, -1.98), P < 0.0001), with no significant heterogeneity among the original studies (I2 = 42%, P = 0.13). In addition, night shift workers had significantly lower mean levels of 24-h urinary aMT6s than day shift workers (MD = -3.38, 95%CI = (-4.27, -2.49), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0). Nocturnal light was correlated with nocturnal urine aMT6s secretion and inhibited nocturnal aMT6s secretion (MD = -11.68, 95%CI = (-15.70, -7.67), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0). Additionally, nocturnal light inhibited the secretion of melatonin in the blood, with no significant heterogeneity between studies (MD = -11.37, 95%CI = (-15.41, -7.33), P < 0.00001, I2 = 0). CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that exposure to nocturnal light among night shift workers leads to inhibition of melatonin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghao Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyao Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Hua
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, People's Republic of China.
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Zakic T, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Cvoro A, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Redox and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 38140817 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox and metabolic processes are tightly coupled in both physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, their integration occurs at multiple levels and is characterized by synchronized reprogramming both in the tumor tissue and its specific but heterogeneous microenvironment. In breast cancer, the principal microenvironment is the cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT). Understanding how the redox-metabolic reprogramming becomes coordinated in human breast cancer is imperative both for cancer prevention and for the establishment of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the redox profiles and regulation of intermediary metabolism in breast cancer while considering the tumor and CAAT of breast cancer as a unique Warburg's pseudo-organ. As cancer is now recognized as a systemic metabolic disease, we have paid particular attention to the cell-specific redox-metabolic reprogramming and the roles of estrogen receptors and circadian rhythms, as well as their crosstalk in the development, growth, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu J, Wang W, Wen Y. Association of dietary oxidative balance score and sleep duration with the risk of mortality: prospective study in a representative US population. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2066-2075. [PMID: 37309207 PMCID: PMC10564614 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the association between dietary oxidative balance score (DOBS) and mortality and whether this association can be modified by sleep duration. DESIGN We calculated DOBS to estimate the overall oxidative effects of the diet, with higher DOBS reflecting more antioxidant intake and less pro-oxidant intake. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to examine the associations between DOBS and all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality in the general population and people with different sleep durations. SETTING Prospective analysis was conducted using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2005-2015). PARTICIPANTS A total of 15 991 US adults with complete information on dietary intake, sleep duration and mortality were included. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 7·4 years, 1675 deaths were observed. Participants in the highest quartile of DOBS were significantly associated with the lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0·75; 95 % CI 0·61, 0·93) compared with those in the lowest. Furthermore, we found statistically significant interactions between DOBS and sleep duration on all-cause mortality (P interaction = 0·021). The inverse association between DOBS and all-cause mortality was significant in short sleepers (HR = 0·66, 95 % CI 0·48, 0·92), but not in normal and long sleepers. CONCLUSIONS Our study observed that higher DOBS was associated with lower all-cause mortality, and this association appeared to be stronger among short sleepers. This study provides nutritional guidelines for improving health outcomes in adults, especially for short sleepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchu Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, China
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Ramírez-Garza SL, Laveriano-Santos EP, Moreno JJ, Bodega P, de Cos-Gandoy A, de Miguel M, Santos-Beneit G, Fernández-Alvira JM, Fernández-Jiménez R, Martínez-Gómez J, Ruiz-León AM, Estruch R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Tresserra-Rimbau A. Metabolic syndrome, adiposity, diet, and emotional eating are associated with oxidative stress in adolescents. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1216445. [PMID: 37789897 PMCID: PMC10543258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS), a condition related to adiposity and oxidative stress, can develop in adolescence, a critical stage in life that impacts health in adulthood. However, there is scarce scientific research about the relationship between lifestyle factors, emotion management, and oxidative stress in this phase of life. Aim To analyze whether nutritional parameters, lifestyle factors, emotion management, and MS in adolescents are associated with oxidative stress measured by the biomarker 8-isoprostane. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 132 adolescents (48.5% girls, aged 12 ± 0.48 years) and data were collected on nutritional parameters (anthropometric measurements, biochemical analyzes, and blood pressure), lifestyle factors (physical activity, sleep, and diet), and emotion management (self-esteem, emotional eating, and mood). 8-isoprostane was analyzed in spot urine samples. The study population was categorized in three groups (healthy, at-risk, and with MS) using the International Diabetes Federation definition of MS in adolescents. To capture more complex interactions, a multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association between 8-isoprostane and the aforementioned variables. Results Urinary 8-isoprostane levels were significantly higher in the MS group compared to the healthy group (1,280 ± 543 pg./mg vs. 950 ± 416 pg./mg respectively). In addition, univariable analysis revealed positive significant associations between 8-isoprostane and body mass index, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body fat percentage, blood lipid profile and glucose, emotional eating, and refined cereal intake. Conversely, a negative significant association was found between 8-isoprostane and sleep duration and fish intake. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed associations between 8-isoprostane and LDL-c (β = 0.173 value of p = 0.049), emotional eating (low β = 0.443, value of p = 0.036; high β = 0.152, value of p = 0.470), refined cereal intake (β =0.191, value of p = 0.024), and fish intake (β = -0.187, value of p = 0.050). Conclusion The MS group, LDL-c, emotional eating, and high refined cereals and low fish intakes were associated with higher levels of oxidative stress in an adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia L. Ramírez-Garza
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Bodega
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya de Cos-Gandoy
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes de Miguel
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Santos-Beneit
- Foundation for Science, Health and Education, Barcelona, Spain
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Rodrigo Fernández-Jiménez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red en Enfermedades CardioVasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María Ruiz-León
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Tresserra-Rimbau
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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BaHammam AS, Pirzada A. Timing Matters: The Interplay between Early Mealtime, Circadian Rhythms, Gene Expression, Circadian Hormones, and Metabolism-A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:507-535. [PMID: 37754352 PMCID: PMC10528427 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving synchronization between the central and peripheral body clocks is essential for ensuring optimal metabolic function. Meal timing is an emerging field of research that investigates the influence of eating patterns on our circadian rhythm, metabolism, and overall health. This narrative review examines the relationship between meal timing, circadian rhythm, clock genes, circadian hormones, and metabolic function. It analyzes the existing literature and experimental data to explore the connection between mealtime, circadian rhythms, and metabolic processes. The available evidence highlights the importance of aligning mealtime with the body's natural rhythms to promote metabolic health and prevent metabolic disorders. Specifically, studies show that consuming meals later in the day is associated with an elevated prevalence of metabolic disorders, while early time-restricted eating, such as having an early breakfast and an earlier dinner, improves levels of glucose in the blood and substrate oxidation. Circadian hormones, including cortisol and melatonin, interact with mealtimes and play vital roles in regulating metabolic processes. Cortisol, aligned with dawn in diurnal mammals, activates energy reserves, stimulates appetite, influences clock gene expression, and synchronizes peripheral clocks. Consuming meals during periods of elevated melatonin levels, specifically during the circadian night, has been correlated with potential implications for glucose tolerance. Understanding the mechanisms of central and peripheral clock synchronization, including genetics, interactions with chronotype, sleep duration, and hormonal changes, provides valuable insights for optimizing dietary strategies and timing. This knowledge contributes to improved overall health and well-being by aligning mealtime with the body's natural circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. BaHammam
- The University Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11324, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrouf Pirzada
- North Cumbria Integrated Care (NCIC), National Health Service (NHS), Carlisle CA2 7HY, UK;
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Makris KC, Heibati B, Narui SZ. Chrono-modulated effects of external stressors on oxidative stress and damage in humans: A scoping review on night shift work. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108048. [PMID: 37463540 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and tissue damage (OSD) play a pivotal role as an early-stage process in chronic disease pathogenesis. However, there has been little research to better understand the temporal (χρόνος[chronos]) dimensions of OSD process associated with environmental (non-genetic, including behaviors/lifestyle) and/or occupational stressors, like night shift work. OSD processes have recently attracted attention in relation to time-resolved external stressor trajectories in personalized medicine (prevention) initiatives, as they seem to interact with circadian clock systems towards the improved delineation of the early stages of (chronic) disease process. OBJECTIVES This work critically reviewed human studies targeting the temporal dynamics of OSD and circadian clock system's activity in response to environmental/occupational stressors; the case of night shift work was examined. METHODS Being a key stressor influencing OSD processes and circadian rhythm, night shift work was evaluated as part of a scoping review of research in OSD, including inflammatory and metabolic processes to determine the extent of OSD research undertaken in human populations, methodologies, tools and biomarkers used and the extent that the temporal dimensions of exposure and biological effect(s) were accounted for. Online databases were searched for papers published from 2000 onwards, resulting in the selection of 53 original publications. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The majority of studies (n = 41) took place in occupational settings, while the rest were conducted in the general population or patient groups. Most occupational studies targeted outcomes of oxidative stress/damage (n = 19), followed by the combination of OSD with inflammatory response (n = 10), and studies focused on metabolic outcomes (n = 12). Only a minor fraction of the studies measured biomarkers related to circadian rhythm, such as, melatonin, its metabolite, or cortisol. Night shift work was associated with select biomarkers of OSD and inflammation, albeit with mixed results. Although much progress in delineating the biological mechanisms of OSD process has been made, an equally thorough investigation on the temporal trajectory of OSD processes as triggered by environmental/occupational stressors in human studies has yet to fully evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Behzad Heibati
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus; Department of Research, Cancer Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Cao XM, Kang WD, Xia TH, Yuan SB, Guo CA, Wang WJ, Liu HB. High expression of the circadian clock gene NPAS2 is associated with progression and poor prognosis of gastric cancer: A single-center study. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3645-3657. [PMID: 37398880 PMCID: PMC10311614 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i23.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic assessment of patients after surgical resection of gastric cancer (GC) patients is critical. However, the role of the circadian clock gene NPAS2 expression in GC remains unknown.
AIM To explore the relationship between NPAS2 and the survival prognosis of GC patients and clarify its role in evaluating GC prognosis.
METHODS The tumor tissues and clinical data of 101 patients with GC were collected retrospectively. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) was used to detect the expression of NPAS2 protein in GC and adjacent tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the independent prognostic factors of GC, and a nomogram prediction model was established. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the ROC area under the curve, the calibration curve, and C-index were used to evaluate the predictive effectiveness of the model. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to compare the risk stratification of subgroups according to the median score in the nomogram model of each patient.
RESULTS Microarray IHC analysis showed that the positive rate of NPAS2 protein expression in GC tissues was 65.35%, which was significantly higher than 30.69% in adjacent tissues. The high expression of NPAS2 was correlated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P < 0.05), pN stage (P < 0.05), metastasis (P < 0.05), venous invasion (P < 0.05), lymphatic invasion (P < 0.05), and lymph node positive (P < 0.05) of GC. Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed that the 3-year overall survival (OS) of patients with high NPAS2 expression was significantly shortened (P < 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis showed that TNM stage (P = 0.009), metastasis (P = 0.009), and NPAS2 expression (P = 0.020) were independent prognostic factors of OS in GC patients for 3 years. The nomogram prediction model based on independent prognostic factors has a C-Index of 0.740 (95%CI: 0.713-0.767). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that the 3-year OS time of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION NPAS2 is highly expressed in GC tissues and is closely related to worse OS in patients. Therefore, the evaluation of NPAS2 expression may be a potential marker for GC prognosis evaluation. Notably, the nomogram model based on NPAS2 can improve the accuracy of GC prognosis prediction and assist clinicians in postoperative patient management and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Meng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Di Kang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Tian-Hong Xia
- Clinical Medicine College, Ningxia Medical University, Clinical Medicine college, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shao-Bin Yuan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Chang-An Guo
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China.
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Campos LA, Baltatu OC, Senar S, Ghimouz R, Alefishat E, Cipolla-Neto J. Multiplatform-Integrated Identification of Melatonin Targets for a Triad of Psychosocial-Sleep/Circadian-Cardiometabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010860. [PMID: 36614302 PMCID: PMC9821171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several psychosocial, sleep/circadian, and cardiometabolic disorders have intricately interconnected pathologies involving melatonin disruption. Therefore, we hypothesize that melatonin could be a therapeutic target for treating potential comorbid diseases associated with this triad of psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorders. We investigated melatonin's target prediction and tractability for this triad of disorders. The melatonin's target prediction for the proposed psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorder triad was investigated using databases from Europe PMC, ChEMBL, Open Targets Genetics, Phenodigm, and PheWAS. The association scores for melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 with this disorder triad were explored for evidence of target-disease predictions. The potential of melatonin as a tractable target in managing the disorder triad was investigated using supervised machine learning to identify melatonin activities in cardiovascular, neuronal, and metabolic assays at the cell, tissue, and organism levels in a curated ChEMBL database. Target-disease visualization was done by graphs created using "igraph" library-based scripts and displayed using the Gephi ForceAtlas algorithm. The combined Europe PMC (data type: text mining), ChEMBL (data type: drugs), Open Targets Genetics Portal (data type: genetic associations), PhenoDigm (data type: animal models), and PheWAS (data type: genetic associations) databases yielded types and varying levels of evidence for melatonin-disease triad correlations. Of the investigated databases, 235 association scores of melatonin receptors with the targeted diseases were greater than 0.2; to classify the evidence per disease class: 37% listed psychosocial disorders, 9% sleep/circadian disorders, and 54% cardiometabolic disorders. Using supervised machine learning, 546 cardiovascular, neuronal, or metabolic experimental assays with predicted or measured melatonin activity scores were identified in the ChEMBL curated database. Of 248 registered trials, 144 phase I to IV trials for melatonin or agonists have been completed, of which 33.3% were for psychosocial disorders, 59.7% were for sleep/circadian disorders, and 6.9% were for cardiometabolic disorders. Melatonin's druggability was evidenced by evaluating target prediction and tractability for the triad of psychosocial-sleep/circadian-cardiometabolic disorders. While melatonin research and development in sleep/circadian and psychosocial disorders is more advanced, as evidenced by melatonin association scores, substantial evidence on melatonin discovery in cardiovascular and metabolic disorders supports continued R&D in cardiometabolic disorders, as evidenced by melatonin activity scores. A multiplatform analysis provided an integrative assessment of the target-disease investigations that may justify further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Aparecida Campos
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University—Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos 12247-016, Brazil
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (L.A.C.); (O.C.B.)
| | - Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
- Center of Innovation, Technology, and Education (CITE) at Anhembi Morumbi University—Anima Institute, Sao Jose dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos 12247-016, Brazil
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (L.A.C.); (O.C.B.)
| | | | - Rym Ghimouz
- Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 3798, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eman Alefishat
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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10
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Braam W, Spruyt K. Reference intervals for 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin in urine: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 63:101614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gibson M. A systematic review of the relationship between night shift work and oxidative stress. Chronobiol Int 2021; 39:285-298. [PMID: 34647825 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1989446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Night shift workers make up an essential part of the modern workforce. However, night shift workers have higher incidences of late in life diseases and earlier mortality. Night shift workers experience circadian rhythm disruption due to working overnight. Sleep disruption is thought to increase oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance of excess pro-oxidative factors and reactive oxygen species over anti-oxidative activity. Oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins and DNA and can eventually lead to varied chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and dementia. This review aimed to understand whether night shift workers were at greater risk of oxidative stress. Twelve correlational studies published in 2001-2019 were included in the review that measured the levels of oxidative stress indicators from working a single night shift as well as comparisons between those who regularly work night shifts and only day shifts. All studies had evidence to support the relationship between working night shifts and increased oxidative stress indicators. Specifically, night shift work was associated with increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair capacity, increased lipid peroxidation, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, and to a lesser extent, a reduction in antioxidant defence. These results suggest a potential link between circadian rhythm disruption in night shift workers with oxidative stress and therefore disease. However, this review is limited by having no longitudinal or experimental studies. Further research is required to infer causality. This further research is recommended to promote the long-term health of night shift workers.
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Tang J, Dong JY, Eshak ES, Cui R, Shirai K, Liu K, Sakaniwa R, Tamakoshi A, Iso H. Supper Timing and Cardiovascular Mortality: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103389. [PMID: 34684390 PMCID: PMC8541292 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the role of supper timing in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited. In this study, we examined the associations between supper timing and risks of mortality from stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), and total CVD. A total of 28,625 males and 43,213 females, aged 40 to 79 years, free from CVD and cancers at baseline were involved in this study. Participants were divided into three groups: the early supper group (before 8:00 p.m.), the irregular supper group (time irregular), and the late supper group (after 8:00 p.m.). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke, CHD, and total CVD according to the supper time groups. During the 19-year follow-up, we identified 4706 deaths from total CVD. Compared with the early supper group, the multivariable HR of hemorrhagic stroke mortality for the irregular supper group was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.97). There was no significant association between supper timing and the risk of mortality from other types of stroke, CHD, and CVD. We found that adopting an irregular supper timing compared with having dinner before 8:00 p.m. was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tang
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Jia-Yi Dong
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.D.); (H.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-3911 (J.-Y.D. & H.I.); Fax: +81-6-6879-3919 (J.-Y.D. & H.I.)
| | - Ehab S. Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61511, Egypt
| | - Renzhe Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Okanami General Hospital, 1734 Uenokuwachi, Iga-shi 518-0842, Japan;
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Keyang Liu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Ryoto Sakaniwa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Sapporo-shi 060-8638, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi 565-0871, Japan; (J.T.); (E.S.E.); (K.S.); (K.L.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.D.); (H.I.); Tel.: +81-6-6879-3911 (J.-Y.D. & H.I.); Fax: +81-6-6879-3919 (J.-Y.D. & H.I.)
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13
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Gómez-Salgado J, Fagundo-Rivera J, Ortega-Moreno M, Allande-Cussó R, Ayuso-Murillo D, Ruiz-Frutos C. Night Work and Breast Cancer Risk in Nurses: Multifactorial Risk Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1470. [PMID: 33806956 PMCID: PMC8004617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Night work has been highlighted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a likely carcinogenic factor for humans, associated with breast cancer and professions that require continuity of work. Knowing the impact that short and long-term night work has on the nurses' collective seems a priority, therefore, this study aims to analyse the relationship between night work and the development of breast cancer risk factors in nurses. For this, a cross-sectional study through an online questionnaire on breast cancer risk variables and working life was designed. The study was conducted in Spain and the sample consisted of 966 nurses, of whom 502 were healthy participants and 56 were breast cancer patients. These two groups were compared in the analyses. A descriptive analysis was performed, and the relationship was tested using χ2 independence test and OR calculation. The CHAID (Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detection) data mining method allowed for the creation of a segmentation tree for the main risk variables. The most significant risk variables related to working life have been the number of years worked, nights worked throughout life, and years working more than 3 nights per month. Exceeding 16 years of work has been significant for women and men. When the time worked is less than 16 years, the number of cases increases if there is a family history of cancer and if there have been more than 500 nights of work. High-intensity night work seems more harmful at an early age. The accumulation of years and nights worked increase the risk of breast cancer when factors such as sleep disturbance, physical stress, or family responsibilities come together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
| | - Javier Fagundo-Rivera
- Health Sciences Doctorate School, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain;
- Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Escola Superior de Saúde, Universidade Atlântica, 2730-036 Barcarena, Portugal
| | - Mónica Ortega-Moreno
- Department of Economy, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
| | | | | | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain;
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador
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14
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Relationship between Night Shifts and Risk of Breast Cancer among Nurses: A Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56120680. [PMID: 33321692 PMCID: PMC7764664 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56120680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of breast cancer worldwide has increased in recent decades, accounting for 1 in 3 neoplasms in women. Besides, nurses are mainly represented by the female collective, most of them, undertaking working conditions with intensive rotative and night shifts due to the 24-h pace of work of this profession. The objective of this study was to assess the possible relationship between shift work, especially night-time work, and the development of breast cancer among nurses. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was carried out through the consultation of the following databases: Cochrane Plus Library, PubMed, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Dialnet. Records were selected between 2010 and 2020, in Spanish and English, which covered the association between breast cancer diagnosed among nursing professionals and rotating night shifts. Results: A total of 12 studies were identified after critical reading. Most of the studies found an association between breast cancer and consecutive rotating night shifts prolonged over time. Among the associated factors, the alteration of the circadian rhythm influenced the expression of peripheral clock genes, which was the same as reproductive hormones. The risk of breast cancer in nurses increased during early adulthood and after 5 or more years with 6 or more consecutive nights. Conclusions: The different studies of this review show significant associations between breast cancer and prolonged rotating night shifts. Similarly, there is a relationship between the alterations in certain circadian rhythm markers (such as melatonin), epigenetic markers (such as telomeres), and breast cancer that would require more studies in order to corroborate these findings.
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15
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Tomi R, Yamamoto R, Shinzawa M, Kimura Y, Fujii Y, Aoki K, Ozaki S, Yoshimura R, Taneike M, Nakanishi K, Nishida M, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Kudo T, Isaka Y, Moriyama T. Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3549. [PMID: 33228218 PMCID: PMC7699477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometabolic diseases and CKD. This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). The incidence of proteinuria was observed in 763 (14.0%) females and 617 (13.2%) males during the median 4.3 and 5.9 years of the observational period, respectively. In females, skipping breakfast as well as skipping dinner, but not lunch, were associated with the incidence of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratios of breakfast frequency of "every day", "sometimes", and "rarely": 1.00 (reference), 1.35 (1.09-1.66), and 1.54 (1.22-1.94), respectively; those of dinner frequency of "every day" and "≤sometimes": 1.00 (reference) and 1.31 (1.00-1.72), respectively). However, no association was observed in male workers. Skipping breakfast and skipping dinner were identified as risk factors of proteinuria in females, but not in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Tomi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Ryohei Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
- Health Promotion and Regulation, Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Maki Shinzawa
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Yoshiki Kimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Fujii
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Katsunori Aoki
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Shingo Ozaki
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Ryuichi Yoshimura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Manabu Taneike
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
| | - Kaori Nakanishi
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
| | - Makoto Nishida
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
| | - Keiko Yamauchi-Takihara
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
| | - Toshiki Moriyama
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2–2-D11 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (R.T.); (M.S.); (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (K.A.); (S.O.); (R.Y.); (Y.I.); (T.M.)
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; (M.T.); (K.N.); (M.N.); (K.Y.-T.); (T.K.)
- Health Promotion and Regulation, Department of Health Promotion Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1–17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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Wei T, Li C, Heng Y, Gao X, Zhang G, Wang H, Zhao X, Meng Z, Zhang Y, Hou H. Association between night-shift work and level of melatonin: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med 2020; 75:502-509. [PMID: 33022488 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Night-shift workers are exposed to nocturnal light and are more prone to circadian rhythm disorders. Although night-shift work is thought to be associated with the decrease in melatonin secretion, studies have shown inconsistent results. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis studied the association between night-shift work and melatonin levels. Pubmed and Embase databases were used for literature searching. The pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the differences between night-shift workers and the controls. RESULTS Thirty-three studies reported in 25 articles (1845 night-shift workers and 3414 controls, mean age 45.12 years) were included after a systematic literature review. Data of circulating melatonin levels and its metabolites, 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) in urine were collected for meta-analysis. The results showed that the first morning-void aMT6s level in night-shift workers was significantly lower than in day workers (SMD = -0.101, 95% CI = -0.179 to -0.022, P = 0.012). The level of mean 24-h urinary aMT6s was lower in night-shift workers than day workers (SMD: -0.264, 95% CI: -0.473 to -0.056, P = 0.013). Among fixed night-shift workers, the level of circulating melatonin, as well as first morning-void aMT6s was lower than that of day workers. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that experience of night-shift work is associated with suppression of melatonin production, especially among fixed night-shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- School of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Cancan Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Heng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Huachen Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Zixiu Meng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian 271016, China.
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China; School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China.
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Lohse B, Faulring K, Mitchell DC, Cunningham-Sabo L. A Definition of "Regular Meals" Driven by Dietary Quality Supports a Pragmatic Schedule. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092667. [PMID: 32882978 PMCID: PMC7551846 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health guidelines advise eating regular meals without defining “regular.” This study constructed a meaning for “regular” meals congruent with dietary quality. Parents of 4th grade youth in a school-based intervention (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02491294) completed three, ASA24 online 24-h dietary recalls. Differences in time of intake across days for breakfasts, lunches, dinners were categorized with consistency denoted as always, often/sometimes or rarely/never and assigned values of 3, 2 or 1, respectively. Meal-specific values were summed to form mealtime regularity scores (mReg) ranging from 3 (low) to 9. Healthy eating index (HEI) scores were compared to mReg controlling for weekday/weekend recall pattern. Linear regression predicted HEI scores from mReg. Parents (n = 142) were non-Hispanic white (92%), female (88%) and educated (73%). One mReg version, mReg1 was significantly associated with total HEI, total fruit, whole fruit, tended to correlate with total protein, seafood/plant protein subcomponents. mReg1 predicted total HEI (p = 0.001) and was inversely related to BMI (p = 0.04). A score of three (always) was awarded to breakfasts, lunches or dinners with day-to-day differences of 0–60 min; also, lunches/dinners with one interval of 60–120 min when two meals were ≤60 min apart. More rigid mReg versions were not associated with dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lohse
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-814-880-9977
| | - Kathryn Faulring
- Wegmans School of Health and Nutrition, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
| | - Diane C. Mitchell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, Centre County, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Leslie Cunningham-Sabo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;
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18
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Arafa A, Eshak ES, Iso H, Muraki I, Tamakoshi A. Night Work, Rotating Shift Work and the Risk of Cancer in Japanese Men and Women: the JACC Study. J Epidemiol 2020; 31:585-592. [PMID: 32801280 PMCID: PMC8593580 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited epidemiological evidence has suggested a positive relationship between night shift work and the risk of cancer. Herein, we investigated the prospective association between different forms of work schedule and the risk of numerous cancers and all-cause cancer among Japanese men and women. Methods This cohort study included 45,390 working men and women aged 40–79 years and registered in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study). The Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cancer among those who reported engagement in night work and rotating shift work for their longest occupations compared with day work. Results Within a median follow-up duration of 14.2 years, 2,283 (9.4%) men and 1,309 (4.5%) women developed cancer. Among men, rotating shift work was significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (HR 2.47; 95% CI, 1.42–4.31) and decreased risk of liver cancer (HR 0.54; 95% CI, 0.30–0.98). Also, rotating shift work tended to be associated with the increased risk of prostate cancer (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 0.95–2.12). Night work and rotating shift work were not related to the risk of all-cause cancer in either sex. Conclusion Rotating shift work might contribute to the increased risk of esophageal cancer and prostate cancer and the decreased risk of liver cancer among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Arafa
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University
| | - Ehab S Eshak
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Isao Muraki
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Tamakoshi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
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BaHammam AS, Almeneessier AS. Recent Evidence on the Impact of Ramadan Diurnal Intermittent Fasting, Mealtime, and Circadian Rhythm on Cardiometabolic Risk: A Review. Front Nutr 2020; 7:28. [PMID: 32219098 PMCID: PMC7078334 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we reviewed recent data that examined the relationship of circadian rhythm, mealtime, and intermittent fasting with the risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction. We also examined the effect of their interactions on cardiometabolic risks. Furthermore, since major differences exists between Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting compared to other forms of experimental intermittent fasting, in this article, we further restricted the discussion to Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using “intermittent fasting,” “time-restricted feeding,” “fasting,” “mealtime,” “circadian rhythm,” and “cardiometabolic risk,” focusing on human studies published after 2013. Recent evidence indicates that meal timing may influence circadian rhythm, as a result, it may also directly or indirectly impact cardiometabolic risk. In humans, several studies suggested that late mealtime is related to an increased risk of poor cardiometabolic health. Nevertheless, large clinical interventional studies are required to assess causality between late mealtime and cardiometabolic morbidity. Currently, evidence indicates that Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting has several beneficial effects that may reduce the risk of cardiometabolic disorders, such as weight reduction, improvement in lipid profile and glycemic control, reduction in proinflammatory markers, and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, several changes in daily lifestyle routine, happening during the Ramadan month, may affect the all measured markers of cardiometabolic diseases. Summarily, no definitive conclusion about the impact of Ramadan intermittent fasting on oxidative stress can be formulated. Therefore, large, well-designed studies, which control for various confounding factors are required to assess the influence of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on markers of cardiometabolic risk and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aljohara S Almeneessier
- Department of Medicine, The University Sleep Disorders Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Veiga ECDA, Simões R, Valenti VE, Cipolla-Neto J, Abreu LC, Barros EPM, Sorpreso ICE, Baracat MCP, Baracat EC, Soares Junior JM. Repercussions of melatonin on the risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:699-705. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.5.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Breast Cancer is common in women, but its etiology is not yet fully understood. Several factors may contribute to its genesis, such as genetics, lifestyle, and the environment. Melatonin may be involved in the process of breast cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the levels of melatonin on breast cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations. The primary databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were consulted. There was no restriction on the year of publication and language. Data of systematic reviews from April 2017 to September to 2017 were analyzed. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane Collaboration. From a total of 570 articles, 9 manuscripts were included in this review. They analy onzed women with breast cancer and control patients, of which 10% and 90% were in the reproductive period and after menopause, respectively. The lowest level of melatonin was found in approximately 55% of studies with breast cancer in post-menopause. The metanalyses of the studies demonstrated low levels of melatonin in breast cancer patients (n=963) compared with control patients (n= 1332), with a mean difference between the studies of −3.54 (CI −6.01, −1.06). Another difference found was in the comparison between smoking patients, with an average difference between 1.80 [0.97-2.63]. Our data suggest that low levels of melatonin might be a risk factor for breast cancer.
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Teixeira KRC, Dos Santos CP, de Medeiros LA, Mendes JA, Cunha TM, De Angelis K, Penha-Silva N, de Oliveira EP, Crispim CA. Night workers have lower levels of antioxidant defenses and higher levels of oxidative stress damage when compared to day workers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4455. [PMID: 30872663 PMCID: PMC6418308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of circadian misalignment and work shift on oxidative stress profile of shift workers have not been explored in the literature. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of shift work (day and night) and social jetlag - a measure of circadian misalignment - with oxidative stress markers. A cross-sectional study was performed with 79 men (21–65 years old, 27.56 ± 4.0 kg/m2) who worked the night shift (n = 37) or daytime (n = 42). The analyzed variables included anthropometric measures and determination of systemic levels of markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense. Social jetlag was calculated by the absolute difference between the mean sleep point on working and rest days. The night group presented higher systemic values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide, and lower levels of nitrite, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in relation to the day group. However, social jetlag was not associated with oxidative stress-related biomarkers analyzed in the night group. These results suggest that the night worker has higher levels of oxidative stress damage and lower levels of antioxidant defenses, while social jetlag was not a possible responsible factor for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kely R C Teixeira
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila P Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana A de Medeiros
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordane A Mendes
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Thúlio M Cunha
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilson Penha-Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Cibele A Crispim
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Fuentes S, Caetano G, Léger D. Les marqueurs physiologiques et biologiques de la privation de sommeil dans le contexte du travail posté de nuit. ARCH MAL PROF ENVIRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.admp.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Intermittent Fasting, Insufficient Sleep, and Circadian Rhythm: Interaction and Effects on the Cardiometabolic System. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-018-0124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhou L, Yu Y, Sun S, Zhang T, Wang M. Cry 1 Regulates the Clock Gene Network and Promotes Proliferation and Migration Via the Akt/P53/P21 Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma Cells. J Cancer 2018; 9:2480-2491. [PMID: 30026846 PMCID: PMC6036881 DOI: 10.7150/jca.25213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The many circadian clock genes buildup a network structure that controls physiological processes such as sleep cycle, metabolism and hormone secretion. A close relationship exists between circadian rhythm and cancers because cell cycle is affected by clock controlled genes (CCGs), including Cyclin D1, Cyclin A, Cyclin E and P21. The abnormal expression of the core circadian clock gene Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) was found in many types of cancers. However, it is still unclear the exact mechanism of Cry1 dysregulation influences carcinogenesis and progression of cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of Cry1 in regulating proliferation and migration of Hos and U2os human osteosarcoma cells by silencing Cry1 using short hairpin RNA interference. Our data from in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that Cry1 knockdown enhanced proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma cells. Then, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Per3, Bmal1 and Clock were found up regulated, while Dec1, Dec2, CK1ε and Npas2 were downregulated at mRNA level. Besides, Akt/P53/P21 signaling was activated after Cry1 silencing and Akt was negatively phosphorylated along with Cry1 expression, while enhanced progression of osteosarcoma cells by Cry1 knockdown was reversed when Akt inhibitor treated. Furthermore, the rescue experiment verified the Akt/P53/P21 was downstream genes of Cry1 to control osteosarcoma progression. Taken together, these findings provide a new insight into how Cry1 regulates clock gene network and promotes proliferation and migration in a Akt dependent manner in human osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University
| | - Yueming Yu
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University
| | - Shiwei Sun
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University
| | - Tieqi Zhang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University
| | - Minghai Wang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University
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Work Intensity, Low-Grade Inflammation, and Oxidative Status: A Comparison between Office and Slaughterhouse Workers. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2737563. [PMID: 29849876 PMCID: PMC5932461 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2737563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Limited knowledge exists about the impact of physical workload on oxidative stress in different occupational categories. Thus, we aimed to investigate the oxidative and inflammatory status in employees with different physical workloads. We enrolled a total of 79 male subjects, 27 office workers (mean age 38.8 ± 9.1 years) and 52 heavy workers, in a slaughterhouse (mean age 40.8 ± 8.2 years). Fasting blood was drawn from an antecubital vein in the morning of the midweek before an 8-hour or 12-hour work shift. The antioxidative capacity was assessed measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC), uric acid, total polyphenols (PPm), and endogenous peroxidase activity (EPA). Total peroxides (TOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analyzed as prooxidative biomarkers, and an oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. In addition, hsCRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), MDA-LDL IgM antibodies, galectin-3, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were measured as biomarkers of chronic systemic inflammation and emotional stress. TOC (p = 0.032), TAC (p < 0.001), ACTH (p < 0.001), OSI (p = 0.011), and hsCRP (p = 0.019) were significantly increased in the heavy workers group, while EPA, BDNF (p < 0.001), and polyphenols (p = 0.004) were significantly higher in office workers. Comparison between 8 and 12 h shifts showed a worse psychological condition in heavy workers with increased levels for hsCRP (p = 0.001) and reduced concentration of BDNF (p = 0.012) compared to office workers. Oxidative stress and inflammation are induced in heavy workers and are particularly pronounced during long working hours, that is, 12-hour versus 8-hour shifts.
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Smith C. Natural antioxidants in prevention of accelerated ageing: a departure from conventional paradigms required. J Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29541947 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern lifestyle is characterised by various factors that cause accelerating ageing by the upregulation of oxidative stress and inflammation-two processes that are inextricably linked in an endless circle of self-propagation. Inflammation in particular is commonly accepted as aetiological factor in many chronic disease states, such as obesity, diabetes and depression. In terms of disease prevention or treatment, interventions aimed at changing dietary and/or exercise habits have had limited success in practise, mostly due to poor long-term compliance. Furthermore, other primary stimuli responsible for eliciting an oxidative stress or inflammatory response-e.g. psychological stress and anxiety-cannot always be easily addressed. Thus, preventive medicine aimed at countering the oxidative stress and/or inflammatory responses has become of interest. Especially in developing countries, such as South Africa, the option of development of effective strategies from plants warrants further investigation. A brief overview of the most relevant and promising South African plants which have been identified in the context of inflammation, oxidative stress and chronic disease is provided here. In addition, and more specifically, our group and others have shown considerable beneficial effects across many models, after treatment with products derived from grapes. Of particular interest, specific cellular mechanisms have been identified as therapeutic targets of grape-derived polyphenols in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress. The depth of these studies afforded some additional insights, related to methodological considerations pertaining to animal vs. human models in natural product research, which may address the current tendency for generally poor translation of positive animal model results into human in vivo models. The importance of considering individual data vs. group averages in this context is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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