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Jin W, Tian Y, Ding Y, Zhou D, Li L, Yuan M, Wu Y, Ye M, Luan J, Yang K. Pers reverse angiotensin II -induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by targeting cyclin E expression via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:903-917. [PMID: 37338051 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2224904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of blood pressure (BP) is believed to be regulated by the clock system, which is closely linked to levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). This study aimed to investigate whether Ang II mediates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through the interaction between the clock system and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Primary rat aortic VSMCs were treated with Ang II, with or without MAPK inhibitors. VSMC proliferation, expression of clock genes, CYCLIN E, and MAPK pathways were assessed. Ang II treatment resulted in increased VSMC proliferation and rapid upregulation of clock gene Periods (Pers) expression. Compared to the non-diseased control (NC) group, VSMCs incubated with Ang II displayed a noticeable delay in the G1/S phase transition and downregulation of CYCLIN E upon silencing of Per1 and Per2 genes. Importantly, silencing Per1 or Per2 in VSMCs led to decreased expression of key MAPK pathway proteins, including RAS, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (P-MEK), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (P-ERK). Moreover, the MEK and ERK inhibitors, U0126 and SCH772986, significantly attenuated the Ang II-induced proliferation of VSMCs, as evidenced by an increased G1/S phase transition and decreased CYCLIN E expression. The MAPK pathway plays a critical role in regulating VSMC proliferation in response to Ang II stimulation. This regulation is controlled by the expression of circadian clock genes involved in the cell cycle. These findings provide novel insights for further research on diseases associated with abnormal VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Deixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Long Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Meng Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yuanzhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Mingqi Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
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2
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Luan J, Yang K, Ding Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhou D, Chen L, Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Liu X. Valsartan-mediated chronotherapy in spontaneously hypertensive rats via targeting clock gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:490-500. [PMID: 31794282 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1695840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of valsartan chronotherapy in regulating blood pressure variability. METHODS RT-PCR was used to assay clock genes expression rhythm in the hypothalamus, aortic vessels, and target organs after valsartan chronotherapy. WB was used to measure Period 1 (Per1), Period 2 (Per2) protein expression in aortic vessels, as well as to measure phosphorylation of 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20) in VSMCs. RESULTS Specific clock genes in the hypothalamus, and Per1 and Per2 in aorta abdominalis, exhibited disordered circadian expression in vivo. Valsartan asleep time administration (VSA) restored circadian clock gene expression in a tissue- and gene-specific manner. In vitro, VSA was more efficient in blocking angiotensin II relative to VWA, which led to differential circadian rhythms of Per1 and Per2, ultimately corrected MLC20 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION VSA may be efficacious in regulating circadian clock genes rhythm, then concomitantly correct circadian blood pressure rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Haiju Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, XuanCheng Vocational and Technical college, XuanCheng, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Deixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wusan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
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Sutovska H, Molcan L, Koprdova R, Piesova M, Mach M, Zeman M. Prenatal hypoxia increases blood pressure in male rat offspring and affects their response to artificial light at night. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:587-594. [PMID: 33109302 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) has negative consequences on the cardiovascular system in adulthood and can affect the responses to additional insults later in life. We explored the effects of PH imposed during embryonic day 20 (10.5% O2 for 12 h) on circadian rhythms of systolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in mature male rat offspring measured by telemetry. We evaluated: (1) stability of BP and HR changes after PH; (2) circadian variability of BP and HR after 2 and 5 weeks of exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN; 1-2 lx); and (3) response of BP and HR to norepinephrine. PH increased BP in the dark (134 ± 2 mmHg vs. control 127 ± 2 mmHg; p = 0.05) and marginally in the light (125 ± 1 mmHg vs. control 120 ± 2 mmHg) phase of the day but not HR. The effect of PH was highly repeatable between 21- and 27-week-old PH male offspring. Two weeks of ALAN decreased the circadian variability of HR (p < 0.05) and BP more in control than PH rats. After 5 weeks of ALAN, the circadian variability of HR and BP were damped compared to LD and did not differ between control and PH rats (p < 0.05). Responses of BP and HR to norepinephrine did not differ between control and PH rats. Hypoxia at the end of the embryonic period increases BP and affects the functioning of the cardiovascular system in mature male offspring. ALAN in adulthood decreased the circadian variability of cardiovascular parameters, more in control than PH rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Sutovska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Molcan
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Romana Koprdova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Piesova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Mojmír Mach
- Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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5
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Kui Y, Yanyun D, Wan J, Yaqin W, Lu C, Wen Z, Wusan W, Zhangqing M, Jiajie L. Combination of Valsartan and Melatonin to Treat Non-Dipping Hypertension Rats via Circadian Clock System. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.442.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Nagatani Y, Higashino T, Kinoshita K, Higashino H. Thromboxane A 2 receptor antagonist (ONO-8809) attenuates renal disorders caused by salt overload in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1391-1401. [PMID: 34152603 PMCID: PMC8518871 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that excessive salt intake causes severe hypertension and exacerbates organ derangement, such as in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we focused on evaluating the histological and gene expression effects in the kidneys of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) with a high salt intake and the thromboxane A2/ prostaglandin H2 receptor (TPR) blocker ONO‐8809. Six‐week‐old SHRSPs were divided into three groups and were fed normal chow containing 0.4% NaCl, 2.0%NaCl or 2.0%NaCl + ONO‐8809 (0.6 mg/kg p.o. daily). Histological analyses with immunohistochemistry and a gene expression assay with a DNA kidney microarray were performed after 8 weeks. The following changes were observed in SHRSPs with the high salt intake. Glomerular sclerotic changes were remarkably observed in the juxtamedullary cortex areas. The ED1, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), nitrotyrosine and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) staining areas were increased in the glomeruli and interstitial portion of the kidneys. The genes Tbxa2r (that encodes TPR), Prcp and Car7 were significantly underexpressed in the kidneys. The plasma 8‐isoprostane level was significantly elevated and was attenuated with the ONO‐8809 treatment. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and oxidative stress exaggerated renal dysfunction in the salt‐loaded SHRSPs, and ONO‐8809 as a TPR blocker suppressed these changes. Therefore, ONO‐8809 is a candidate drug to prevent CKD in hypertensive patients when CKD is associated with a high salt intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nagatani
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,The First Hospital of Welfare-Medical Association, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Higashino
- Department of Dermatology, Self Defense Forces' Central Hospital, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosho Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Kosho Clinic, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashino
- Department of Pharmacology, Kindai University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Jianshu C, Qiongying W, Ying P, Ningyin L, Junchen H, Jing Y. Association of free androgen index and sex hormone-binding globulin and left ventricular hypertrophy in postmenopausal hypertensive women. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:1413-1419. [PMID: 34105885 PMCID: PMC8678740 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between androgen and LVH in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Enrolled in this study were 378 postmenopausal hypertensive women who were admitted to the department of cardiology between December 2018 and December 2020. According to left ventricular mass index (LVMI) evaluated by echocardiography, the patients were divided into LVH group (n = 172) and non‐LVH group (n = 206). Their clinical characteristics were collected. Based on the result of propensity score matching analysis, 160 cases in each group were matched successfully. After correcting for confounding factors by various models, the results showed that free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were the influencing factors of LVH in postmenopausal women with hypertension. Patients with elevated SHBG were 5% less likely to develop LVH than those without elevated SHBG (OR: 0.950, 95% CI 0.922‐1.578). Postmenopausal hypertensive patients with elevated FAI were 16% more likely to have LVH than those without elevated FAI (OR: 1.608, 95% CI 0.807‐3.202). Multiple linear regression showed that LVMI increased by 61.82g/m2 for every 1 unit increase in FAI. In addition, SHBG decreased by 1 nmol/l, and LVMI increased by 0.177g/m2. Subgroup analysis showed that patients in the controlled BP group had a lower risk of LVH for every additional unit of SHBG compared with the uncontrolled BP group. The risk of LVH for each additional unit of FAI in the uncontrolled BP group was higher than that in the controlled BP group. The results of this present study showed that the occurrence of LVH was positively correlated with FAI and negatively correlated with SHBG in postmenopausal women with hypertension. The increase in FAI level and the decrease in SHBG level may be related to the occurrence and development of LVH in postmenopausal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jianshu
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wang Qiongying
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pei Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ningyin
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Han Junchen
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Jing
- Lanzhou University Second College of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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8
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Cao N, Tang H, Tian M, Gong X, Xu Z, Zhou B, Lan C, Chen C, Qu S, Zheng S, Ren H, Fan C, Jose PA, Zeng C, Xia T. Genetic variants of GRK4 influence circadian rhythm of blood pressure and response to candesartan in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:597-603. [PMID: 33899625 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1919357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Genetic variants of coding genes related to blood pressure regulation participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension and determines the response to specific antihypertensive drugs. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) and its variants are of great importance in pathogenesis of hypertension. However, little is known about role of GRK4 variants in determine circadian rhythm of blood pressure and response to candesartan in hypertension. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of GRK4 variants and circadian rhythm of blood pressure, and to explore their effect on antihypertensive efficiency of candestartan.Methods: In this study, a total of 1239 cases were eligible, completed ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPm) observation and exon sequencing of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4). ABPm was obtained before and after 4-week treatment of candesartan. Diurnal variation of systolic blood pressure and antihypertensive effect of candesartan were then assessed.Results: Compared to GRK4 wild type (GRK4-WT), patients with GRK4 variants were more likely to be non-dippers (odds ratio (OR) 6.672, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.124-8.688, P < .001), with GRK4 A142V (OR 5.888, 95% CI 4.332-8.003, P < .001), A486V (OR 7.102, 95% CI 5.334-9.455, P < .001) and GRK4 R65L (OR 3.273, 95% CI 2.271-4.718, P < .001), respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that non-dippers rhythm of blood pressure were associated with GRK4 variants (r = .420, P < .001), with GRK4 A142V (r = .416, P < .001), A486V (r = .465, P < .001) and GRK4 R65L (r = .266, P < .001), respectively. When given 4-week candesartan, patients with GRK4 variants showed better antihypertensive effect as to drop in blood pressure (24 h mSBP, 21.21 ± 4.99 vs 12.34 ± 4.78 mmHg, P < .001) and morning peak (MP-SBP, 16.54 ± 4.37 vs 11.52 ± 4.14 mmHg, P < .001), as well as greater increase in trough to peak ratio (SBP-T/P, .71 ± .07 vs .58 ± .07, P < .001) and smoothness index (SBP-SI, 1.44 ± .16 vs 1.17 ± .11, P < .001) than those with GRK4 WT.Conclusion: This study indicates that hypertensive patients with GRK4 variants are more likely to be non-dippers. What's more, patients with GRK4 variants possess a significantly better antihypertensive response to candesartan than those with GRK4 WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zaicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Binqing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Cong Lan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Caiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology-Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tianyang Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, P.R. China
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9
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Kanki M, Young MJ. Corticosteroids and circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:21-27. [PMID: 33207294 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a central role in cardiac physiological function and disease and is thus an attractive therapeutic target for patients with heart failure. However, the incidence of significant side effects from mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) treatment has led to investigation of new mechanisms that may enhance MR targeted therapies. Recent studies have identified the circadian clock as a novel, reciprocal interacting partner of the MR in the heart. While the closely related glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its ligand, cortisol (corticosterone in rodents), are established regulators of the circadian clock, new data suggest that the MR can also regulate circadian clock gene expression and timing. This review will discuss the role of the MR and its ligands in the regulation of the circadian clock in the heart and the implications of dysregulation of these systems for cardiac disease progression, and for MR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Kanki
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Hermida RC, Hermida-Ayala RG, Smolensky MH, Mojón A, Fernández JR. Ingestion-time – relative to circadian rhythms – differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hypertension medications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:1159-1173. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1825681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramón C. Hermida
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael H. Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Artemio Mojón
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - José R. Fernández
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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11
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Chronotherapy for reduction of cardiovascular risk. Med Clin (Barc) 2020; 154:505-511. [PMID: 32336474 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Numerous prospective studies establish that elevated asleep blood pressure (BP) constitutes a significant cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor, irrespective of daytime office BP measurements or awake and 24h BP measurements. Moreover, except for a small number of studies with flawed methodology, multiple clinical trials of high consistency document significantly better BP-lowering efficacy of hypertension medication and their combinations when ingested at bedtime compared to upon awakening as is customary. Additionally, recent trials conclude bedtime hypertension chronotherapy markedly reduces CVD risk not only in the general population, but also in more vulnerable patients of advanced age, with kidney disease, diabetes, or resistant hypertension. Collectively, these results call for a new definition of true arterial hypertension and its proper diagnosis and management.
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12
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Hermida RC, Smolensky MH, Mojón A, Crespo JJ, Ríos MT, Domínguez-Sardiña M, Otero A, Fernández JR. New perspectives on the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of true arterial hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:1167-1178. [PMID: 32543325 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1746274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Office blood pressure measurements (OBPM), still used today for diagnosis and management of hypertension, fail to reveal clinically important features of the mostly predictable blood pressure (BP) 24 h pattern, and lead to >45% of individuals being misclassified. Current hypertension guidelines do not provide recommendation on when-to-treat, despite multiple prospective clinical trials documenting improved normalization of 24 h BP pattern and significant reduction in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events when hypertension medications are ingested at bedtime rather than upon waking. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss current evidence on the: (i) most relevant attributes of the 24 h BP pattern deterministic of CVD risk; (ii) asleep systolic BP (SBP) mean as the most significant therapeutic target for CVD risk reduction; (iii) ingestion-time differences in pharmacodynamics of BP-lowering medications as reported with high consistency in multiple clinical trials; and (iv) enhanced prevention of CVD events achieved by bedtime hypertension chronotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Several prospective trials consistently document asleep SBP mean and sleep-time relative SBP decline (dipping) constitute highly significant CVD risk factors, independent of OBPM. Bedtime, compared to customary upon-waking, hypertension chronotherapy reduces risk of major CVD events. Collectively, these findings call for new definition of true hypertension and, accordingly, its proper diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón C Hermida
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, the University of Texas at Austin , Austin, TX, USA
| | - Artemio Mojón
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan J Crespo
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Estructura de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) , Vigo, Spain
| | - María T Ríos
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Estructura de Xestión Integrada de Vigo, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) , Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Alfonso Otero
- Servicio de Nefrología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Estructura de Xestión Integrada de Ourense, Verín e O Barco de Valdeorras, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) , Ourense, Spain
| | - José R Fernández
- Bioengineering & Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain.,Atlantic Research Center for Information and Communication Technologies (Atlanttic), University of Vigo , Vigo, Spain
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13
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Smolensky MH, Haghayegh S, Khoshnevis S, Diller KR. Does before-bedtime body warming by bathing or other means attenuate sleep-time arterial blood pressure? Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:146-149. [PMID: 31809590 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1696812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shahab Haghayegh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sepideh Khoshnevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kenneth R Diller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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