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Melnik BC, Weiskirchen R, Stremmel W, John SM, Schmitz G. Risk of Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated Gene-Dependent Obesogenic Programming by Formula Feeding Compared to Breastfeeding. Nutrients 2024; 16:2451. [PMID: 39125332 PMCID: PMC11314333 DOI: 10.3390/nu16152451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is the purpose of this review to compare differences in postnatal epigenetic programming at the level of DNA and RNA methylation and later obesity risk between infants receiving artificial formula feeding (FF) in contrast to natural breastfeeding (BF). FF bears the risk of aberrant epigenetic programming at the level of DNA methylation and enhances the expression of the RNA demethylase fat mass- and obesity-associated gene (FTO), pointing to further deviations in the RNA methylome. Based on a literature search through Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases concerning the dietary and epigenetic factors influencing FTO gene and FTO protein expression and FTO activity, FTO's impact on postnatal adipogenic programming was investigated. Accumulated translational evidence underscores that total protein intake as well as tryptophan, kynurenine, branched-chain amino acids, milk exosomal miRNAs, NADP, and NADPH are crucial regulators modifying FTO gene expression and FTO activity. Increased FTO-mTORC1-S6K1 signaling may epigenetically suppress the WNT/β-catenin pathway, enhancing adipocyte precursor cell proliferation and adipogenesis. Formula-induced FTO-dependent alterations of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylome may represent novel unfavorable molecular events in the postnatal development of adipogenesis and obesity, necessitating further investigations. BF provides physiological epigenetic DNA and RNA regulation, a compelling reason to rely on BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C. Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Stremmel
- Praxis for Internal Medicine, Beethovenstrasse 2, D-76530 Baden-Baden, Germany;
| | - Swen Malte John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), University of Osnabrück, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
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Kiperman T, Ma K. Circadian Clock in Muscle Disease Etiology and Therapeutic Potential for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4767. [PMID: 38731986 PMCID: PMC11083552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian clock and clock-controlled output pathways exert temporal control in diverse aspects of skeletal muscle physiology, including the maintenance of muscle mass, structure, function, and metabolism. They have emerged as significant players in understanding muscle disease etiology and potential therapeutic avenues, particularly in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). This review examines the intricate interplay between circadian rhythms and muscle physiology, highlighting how disruptions of circadian regulation may contribute to muscle pathophysiology and the specific mechanisms linking circadian clock dysregulation with DMD. Moreover, we discuss recent advancements in chronobiological research that have shed light on the circadian control of muscle function and its relevance to DMD. Understanding clock output pathways involved in muscle mass and function offers novel insights into the pathogenesis of DMD and unveils promising avenues for therapeutic interventions. We further explore potential chronotherapeutic strategies targeting the circadian clock to ameliorate muscle degeneration which may inform drug development efforts for muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Diabetes Complications & Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA;
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Hsieh CY, Tsai PW, Tomioka Y, Matsumoto Y, Akiyama Y, Wang CC, Tayo LL, Lee CJ. Chronopharmacology of diuresis via metabolic profiling and key biomarker discovery of the traditional Chinese prescription Ji-Ming-San using tandem mass spectrometry in rat models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155260. [PMID: 38176264 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ji-Ming-Shan (JMS) is a traditional prescription used for patients with rheumatism, tendons swelling, relief of foot pain, athlete's foot, diuresis, gout. Although many studies have investigated the active compounds in each herb, the functional mechanism behind its therapeutic effect remains unclear. STUDY DESIGN Metabolic cages for sample collection. The serum components obtained from the experimental animals were analyzed using LC-MS/MS. Furthermore, cross-analysis using the software MetaboAnalyst and Venn diagrams were used to investigate chronopharmacology of JMS in the animal models. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to analyze the diuretic effects of JMS and to explore their chronopharmacology involved in organ regulation through four-quarter periods from serum samples of rat models. METHODS Metabolic cages were used for collecting the urine samples and PocketChem UA PU-4010, Fuji DRI-CHEM 800 were used to examine the urine biochemical parameters. The serum components were identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) with a new developed method. Cross analysis, Venn diagram, MetaboAnalyst were used to investigate the key biomarker and major metabolism route with the oral administration of the drug. RESULT JMS significantly changed the 6 h urine volume with no observed kidney toxicity. Urine pH value ranges from 7.0 to 7.5. The chronopharmacology of JMS diuresis activity were 0-6 and 6-12 groups. UPLC-Q-TOF analyses identified 243 metabolites which were determined in positive mode and negative mode respectively. With cross analysis in the Venn diagram, one key biomarker naringenin-7-O-glucoside has been identified. Major metabolic pathways such as 1: Glycerophospholipid metabolism, 2: Primary bile acid biosynthesis, 3: Sphingolipid metabolism, 4: Riboflavin metabolism, 5: Linoleic acid metabolism, 6: Butanoate metabolism. CONCLUSION JMS significantly changed the urine output of animals in the 0-6 and 6-12 groups. No change in urine pH was observed and also kidney toxicity. A new UPLC-Q-TOF method was developed for the detection of the metabolites of JMS after oral administration. The cross analysis with Venn diagram and identified the key biomarker of JMS namely naringenin-7-O-glucoside. The results showed that six major pathways are involved in the gastrointestinal system and the liver. This study demonstrated the capability of JMS prescription in the regulation of diuresis and identified a key biomarker that is responsible for its therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yang Hsieh
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Po-Wei Tsai
- Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Yoshihisa Tomioka
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Akiyama
- Laboratory of Oncology, Pharmacy Practice and Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai Japan
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological, Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, 1002 Metro Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences Mapua University, Makati, Philippines
| | - Chia-Jung Lee
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Postal address: Teaching & research building, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Miller MB, Cofresí RU, McCarthy DM, Carskadon MA. Sleep and circadian influences on blood alcohol concentration. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad250. [PMID: 37756490 PMCID: PMC10710990 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Anecdotally, adults reach higher levels of subjective intoxication on days they are fatigued or sleep-deprived, but sleep is not typically discussed as a predictor of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in clinical settings. To inform clinical work and future research, this perspective reviews data examining the impact of sleep (process S) and circadian (process C) factors on indicators of BAC in humans and animal models. METHODS Literature searches of medical and psychological databases were conducted to identify articles that manipulated sleep/circadian factors and reported effects on indicators of alcohol pharmacology (e.g. BAC, alcohol metabolism). RESULTS Of the 86 full-text articles reviewed, 21 met inclusion criteria. Studies included manipulations of time of day, circadian phase (evidence for process C), and time in bed (evidence for process S). Evidence for time-of-day effects on alcohol pharmacology was most compelling. Studies also provided evidence for circadian phase effects, but failed to find support for time-in-bed effects. Although results were not uniform across studies, most evidence from human and animal models indicates that peak BACs occur toward the beginning of the biological day, with some studies indicating slower alcohol elimination rates at this time. CONCLUSIONS Circadian factors likely influence alcohol pharmacokinetics, perhaps due to altered elimination of alcohol from the body. This means that individuals may reach higher BACs if they drink during the morning (when, for most people, circadian alerting is low) versus other times of the day. Alcohol prevention and intervention efforts should highlight sleep/circadian health as a potential contributor to alcohol-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Roberto U Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mary A Carskadon
- Sleep for Science Research Lab, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Fan Y, Lu J, Fan J, Guan S. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol caused lipid droplets accumulation by suppressing neutral lipases via BMAL1 in hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113670. [PMID: 36805544 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm regulates body physiology and metabolism to adapt to the external environment. 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) is a food pollutant formed during food processing. Our study explored whether toxicity of 1,3-DCP was related to circadian rhythm. We discovered that 1,3-DCP caused lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation via suppression of neutral lipases ATGL and HSL in mice liver and HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, 1,3-DCP caused rhythmic disruption of key circadian rhythm molecules BMAL1/CLOCK at protein and mRNA levels in HepG2 cells. Studies have shown that BMAL1 regulates PPARα by binding to the promoter E-box. 1,3-DCP inhibited PPARα expression. A PPARα activator WY-14643 up-regulated ATGL and HSL expression. BMAL1 overexpression up-regulated PPARα, ATGL and HSL expression. WY-14643 or BMAL1 overexpression attenuated 1,3-DCP-caused LDs accumulation in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that 1,3-DCP caused LDs accumulation by neutral lipases suppression via inhibiting key circadian rhythm protein BMAL1, indicating that circadian rhythm can be related to the regulation of LDs accumulation caused by 1,3-DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Huang JQ, Lu M, Ho CT. Health benefits of dietary chronobiotics: beyond resynchronizing internal clocks. Food Funct 2021; 12:6136-6156. [PMID: 34057166 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00661d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The internal circadian clock in mammals drives whole-body biological activity rhythms. The clock reflects changes in external signals by controlling enzyme functions and the release of hormones involved in metabolic processes. Thus, misalignments between the circadian clock and an individual's daily schedule are recognized to be related to various metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Although evidence has shown the existence of a complex relationship between circadian clock regulation and daily food intake, the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on the circadian clock remain unclarified. To better elucidate these relationships/effects, the circadian system components in mammals, circadian misalignment-related metabolic diseases, circadian rhythm-adjusting phytochemicals (including the heterocycles, acids, flavonoids and others) and the potential mechanisms (including the regulation of clock genes/proteins, metabolites of gut microbiota and secondary metabolites) are reviewed here. The bioactive components of functional foods discussed in this review could be considered potentially effective factors for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders related to circadian misalignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qing Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-pattern of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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