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Zinchuk M, Kustov G, Beghi M, Bryzgalova Y, Sviatskaia E, Popova S, Voinova N, Terentieva M, Yakovlev A, Guekht A. Suicide risk in patients with a current depressive episode during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343323. [PMID: 38726385 PMCID: PMC11079814 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on suicidality in these patients during the pandemic period remain scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and variables associated with serious suicide risk in Russian inpatients with MDD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional cohort study with consecutive sampling was conducted from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021. All patients completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) (including the suicidality module), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and underwent a semi-structured interview to collect relevant demographic and clinical data. Effect sizes for all independent variables and covariates were calculated using partial eta-squared (ηp2). Results Of the 6757 patients with non-psychotic mental disorders assessed, 1605 (23.7%) had MDD confirmed by the M.I.N.I., of whom 17.8% were at serious risk for suicide according to the M.I.N.I. suicidality module. Factors independently associated with serious suicide risk in Russian inpatients with MDD during the pandemic were younger age (ηp2 = 0.021), greater severity of depression (0.038), higher state anxiety (0.003), and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) (0.066). The same variables, except for state anxiety, were independently associated with suicide risk in the subgroup of MDD patients previously infected with SARS-CoV2. Conclusion In the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of patients with MDD at serious risk of suicide was similar to pre-pandemic data. No associations were found between suicidality in patients with MDD and COVID-related factors. Younger age, greater severity of depression, and especially NSSI were the most significant risk factors for suicide in patients with MDD during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Zinchuk
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii Kustov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Massimiliano Beghi
- Department of Mental Health, azienda unità sanitaria locale (AUSL) Romagna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Yulia Bryzgalova
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sofya Popova
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Voinova
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Terentieva
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yakovlev
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Guekht
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Baños-Chaparro J, Ventura-León J, Lee SA, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Yupanqui-Lorenzo DE, Valencia PD, Reyes-Bossio M, Oré-Kovacs N, Rojas-Jara C, Gallegos M, Polanco-Carrasco R, Cervigni M, Martino P, Lobos-Rivera ME, Moreta-Herrera R, Palacios Segura DA, Samaniego-Pinho A, Buschiazzo Figares A, Puerta-Cortés DX, Camargo A, Torales J, Monge Blanco JA, González P, Smith-Castro V, Petzold-Rodriguez O, Calderón R, Matute Rivera WY, Ferrufino-Borja D, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A, Palacios J, Burgos-Videla C, Florez León AME, Vergara I, Vega D, Schulmeyer MK, Urrutia Rios HT, Lira Lira AE, Barria-Asenjo NA, Ayala-Colqui J, Hualparuca-Olivera L. Pandemic Grief and Suicidal Ideation in Latin American Countries: A Network Analysis. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241231209. [PMID: 38319131 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241231209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the network structure of pandemic grief symptoms and suicidal ideation in 2174 people from eight Latin American countries. Pandemic grief and suicidal ideation were measured using the Pandemic Grief Scale and a single item, respectively. Network analysis provides an in-depth characterization of symptom-symptom interactions within mental disorders. The results indicated that, "desire to die," "apathy" and "absence of sense of life" are the most central symptoms in a pandemic grief symptom network; therefore, these symptoms could be focal elements for preventive and treatment efforts. Suicidal ideation, the wish to die, and the absence of meaning in life had the strongest relationship. In general, the network structure did not differ among the participating countries. It identifies specific symptoms within the network that may increase the likelihood of their co-occurrence and is useful at the therapeutic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Sherman A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Pablo D Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlanepantla de Baz, Mexico
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicol Oré-Kovacs
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud y del Comportamiento, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ciencias del Comportamiento (LICIC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Torales
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cátedra de Psicología Médica, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay; Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud, Universidad Nacional de Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Sudamericana, Pedro Juan Caballero, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Raymundo Calderón
- Colegio Estatal de Psicólogos en Intervención de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Ferrufino-Borja
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Jorge Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | | | - Ibeth Vergara
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panama
| | - Diego Vega
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marion K Schulmeyer
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Valencia PD, Vilca LW, Lee SA, Carbajal-León C, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D, Reyes-Bossio M, White M, Rojas-Jara C, Polanco-Carrasco R, Gallegos M, Cervigni M, Martino P, Palacios DA, Moreta-Herrera R, Samaniego-Pinho A, Rivera MEL, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Corrales-Reyes IE, Calderón R, Tapia BP, Ferrari IF, Flores-Mendoza C, Gallegos WLA. COVID-19 Bereavement in Ten Latin American Countries: Measurement Invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale and Its Relation to Suicidal Ideation. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023; 88:591-619. [PMID: 34666552 PMCID: PMC10647883 DOI: 10.1177/00302228211048566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) in ten Latin American countries. A total of 2,321 people who had lost a family member or other loved one due to COVID-19 participated, with a mean age of 34.22 years old (SD = 11.99). In addition to the PGS, a single item of suicidal ideation was applied. The unidimensional model of the PGS had adequate fit in most countries and good reliability estimates. There was evidence of measurement invariance by country and gender. Also, a one-point increase in the PGS was associated with an almost twofold increase in the odds of suicidal ideation. Scores greater than or equal to 4 on the PGS are proposed as a cut off to identify individuals with suicidal ideation. Strong evidence of the cross-cultural validity of the PGS is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
| | - Pablo D. Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlanepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Sherman A. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, United States
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
| | - Andrea Vivanco-Vidal
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Daniela Saroli-Araníbar
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Michel White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Miguel Gallegos
- Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Perú
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Ibraín Enrique Corrales-Reyes
- Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial, Hospital General Universitario Carlos Manuel de Céspedes, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Granma, Bayamo, Granma, Cuba
| | - Raymundo Calderón
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Valle de México, Universidad del Valle de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Bismarck Pinto Tapia
- Carrera de Psicología, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - Carmen Flores-Mendoza
- Facultad de Filosofía y Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Ennis N, Bottomley J, Sawyer J, Moreland AD, Rheingold AA. Measuring Grief in the Context of Traumatic Loss: A Systematic Review of Assessment Instruments. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:2346-2362. [PMID: 35616367 PMCID: PMC9699905 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221093694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Following traumatic loss, defined as the death of a loved one due to unexpected or violent circumstances, adults may experience a myriad of grief-related problems. Given the addition of Prolonged Grief Disorders into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fifth Edition, Text-Revision and influx of unexpected deaths due to the global Coronavirus pandemic, there is heightened interest in the measurement of grief-related processes. We conducted a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify measures of grief used in studies of adults who experienced traumatic loss. Searches yielded 164 studies that used 31 unique measures of grief-related constructs. The most commonly used instrument was the Inventory of Complicated Grief-Revised. Half of the measures assessed constructs beyond diagnosable pathological grief responses. Given the wide variation and adaptations of measures reviewed, we recommend greater testing and uniformity of measurement across the field. Future research is needed to adapt and/or design measures to evaluate new criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Ennis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jamison Bottomley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Angela D. Moreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alyssa A. Rheingold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Karimi K, Yaghoobi A, Güngör S, Karimi A, Sohrabi S. Measuring Dysfunctional Grief due to a COVID-19 Loss: A Kurdish Validation Study of the Pandemic Grief Scale. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231193183. [PMID: 37499262 PMCID: PMC10375224 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231193183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people are grieving the loss of someone who died of COVID-19. The current study aims to validate a Kurdish version of the Pandemic Grief Scale which is a brief English-language mental health screener to identify cases of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death. We recruited 501 participants. Participants completed the PGS, WSAS, PHQ-9, and Optimism scales. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the PGS were analyzed. Using exploratory factor analysis (N1 = 300), we derived an one-factor structure. In confirmatory factor analysis (N2 = 201), the one-factor model showed good to excellent fitness. The PGS was positively correlated with PHQ-4, and WSAS and negatively correlated with optimism. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of .79. These results support that the Kurdish version of the PGS is a valid and reliable assessment to assess the severity of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Karimi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Yaghoobi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sunay Güngör
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature, Gümüşhane üniversitesi, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Afagh Karimi
- Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Sohrabi
- Computer Department, Technical and Vocational University, Kermanshah, Iran
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6
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Lobos-Rivera ME, Flores-Monterrosa AN, Tejada-Rodríguez JC, Chacón-Andrade ER, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Lee SA, Valencia PD, Carbajal-León C, Vilca LW, Reyes-Bossio M, Gallegos M. Pandemic grief in El Salvador: factors that predict dysfunctional grief due to a COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:9. [PMID: 36988703 PMCID: PMC10050804 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of people have died of COVID-19 in El Salvador. However, little is known about the mental health of those who are mourning the loss of a loved one to COVID-19. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the dysfunctional grief associated with COVID-19 death among Salvadoran adults. A sample of 435 Salvadorans (M = 29 years; SD = 8.75) who lost a family member or loved one to COVID-19 completed a digital survey using the Google Forms platform, during April 2 and 28, 2022. The results revealed that 35.1% reported clinically elevated symptoms of dysfunctional grief and among those mourners, and 25.1% also exhibited clinical levels of coronavirus anxiety. A binary logistic regression revealed that predictor variables such as COVID-19 anxiety (p = .003), depression (p = .021), and COVID-19 obsession (p = .032) were significant (χ2 = 84.31; Nagelkerke R2 = .242) and predict a 24.2% chance of dysfunctional bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pablo D Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlalnepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Perú
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kim JH, Park CHK, Ahmed O, Hong Y, Chung S, Park J, Lee SA. Validation of the healthcare workers' version of the Pandemic Grief Scale among frontline nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1121546. [PMID: 37065896 PMCID: PMC10098354 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1121546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nurses have been repeatedly exposed to unexpected death and grief during COVID-19 pandemic, and it is necessary to provide grief support for the nurses who have experienced the loss of patients to COVID-19. We aimed to explore the reliability and validity of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) for Healthcare Workers among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 inpatient wards whose patients may have died. Methods An anonymous online survey was performed among frontline nursing professionals working in COVID-19 wards in three tertiary-level general hospitals in Korea between April 7 and 26, 2021. In total, 229 from participants who confirmed they had witnessed death of patients were employed for the statistical analysis. The survey included demographic characteristics and rating scales, including the Korean version of the PGS for Healthcare Workers, the Fear of COVID-19 scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 items, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items. Results The single-factor structure of the Korean version of the PGS for Healthcare Workers showed good fits for the model. The scale had good internal consistency and convergent validity with other anxiety and depression scales. Conclusion The Korean version of the PGS of Healthcare Workers was valid and reliable for measuring grief reactions among nursing professionals facing the pandemic. It will be helpful in evaluating the grief reaction of the healthcare workers and providing them with a psychological support system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hye Kim
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Hyung Keun Park
- Department of Psychiatry, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: C. Hyung Keun Park,
| | - Oli Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Youjin Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Seockhoon Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, ASAN Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Jangho Park,
| | - Sherman A. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, United States
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Ashraf F, Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Kanwal T. Bereavement in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic: Psychometric analysis of the Pandemic Grief Scale-Urdu Version (PGS-UV). DEATH STUDIES 2022; 46:1465-1471. [PMID: 35363599 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2048197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With nearly 4 million deaths worldwide, COVID-19 has resulted in a great loss of life. For many of the bereaved, the grieving process has been especially difficult due to COVID-19 spatial distancing procedures and the traumatic circumstances of this particular form of loss. Consequently, a large number of the world's bereaved are experiencing dysfunctional levels of grief. To assess such grief, the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS) was created to identify those affected who may benefit from professional support. This study aimed to psychometrically analyze the properties of the Urdu version of the scale, among a sample of 272 Pakistanis who lost a loved one to COVID-19 from March to June 2021. Results revealed that the scale was found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing dysfunctional pandemic grief for both men and women. However, unique gender differences were found. Additional research should further confirm the psychometric properties of the PGS on other culturally diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Ashraf
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sherman A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
| | - Mary C Jobe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Amanda A Mathis
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Tayyaba Kanwal
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Pakistan
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Vivanco-Vidal A, Saroli-Araníbar D, Carbajal-León C, Gallegos WLA, White M, Lee SA. Assessment of Dysfunctional Grief due to Death from COVID-19 in Peru: Adaptation and Validation of a Spanish Version of the Pandemic Grief Scale. TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [PMCID: PMC8279032 DOI: 10.1007/s43076-021-00091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Pandemic Grief Scale (PGS), using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) methods, in a sample of 458 people who have suffered the loss of a loved one due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Pandemic Grief Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), the two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), and a single item on suicidal ideation were used. The unidimensional model had good fit and reliability; furthermore, convergent validity was demonstrated based on the relationships between dysfunctional grief, anxiety symptoms, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, a higher presence of dysfunctional grief is required to answer using the higher response categories. The evidence of validity and reliability of the PGS in its Spanish version, using traditional and modern methods, is confirmed in Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Perú
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola 6062, Los Olivos, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Michael White
- Dirección General de Investigación, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú
| | - Sherman A. Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA USA
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