1
|
Huang C, Han X, Yang L, Song W, Zhang H, Zhu X, Huang G, Xu J. Exosomal miR-129 and miR-342 derived from intermittent hypoxia-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells inhibit the eIF2α/ATF4 axis from preventing calcified aortic valvular disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2023:10.1007/s12079-023-00785-4. [PMID: 37812275 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-023-00785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to elucidate the role of miR-129/miR-342 loaded in exosomes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by intermittent hypoxia in calcified aortic valvular disease (CAVD). Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed miRs in VSMCs-derived exosomes and CAVD samples, and their potential target genes were predicted. VSMCs were exposed to intermittent hypoxia to induce stimulation, followed by isolation of exosomes. Valvular interstitial cells (VICs) were cultured in vitro to investigate the impact of miR-129/miR-342 on VICs' osteogenic differentiation and aortic valve calcification with eIF2α. A CAVD mouse model was established using ApoE knockout mice for in vivo validation. In CAVD samples, miR-129 and miR-342 were downregulated, while eIF2α and ATF4 were upregulated. miR-129 and miR-342 exhibited inhibitory effects on eIF2α through targeted regulation. Exosomes released from intermittently hypoxia-stimulated VSMCs contained miR-129 and miR-342. Overexpression of miR-129 and miR-342, or silencing ATF4, suppressed VICs' osteogenic differentiation and aortic valve calcification, which could be rescued by overexpressed eIF2α. Collectively, intermittent hypoxia stimulation of VSMCs leads to the secretion of exosomes that activate the miR-129/miR-342 dual pathway, thereby inhibiting the eIF2α/ATF4 axis and attenuating VICs' osteogenic differentiation and CAVD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Linjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hualu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Gongcheng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1, Jianshe East Road, Erqi Distrcit, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu B, Wang J, Wang L, Wang Q, Guo Z, Xu M, Jiang N. Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profile analyses of cardiac valves revealed molecular mechanisms and targets in calcific aortic valve disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:944521. [PMID: 36312243 PMCID: PMC9606238 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.944521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to define changes in the metabolic and protein profiles of patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Methods and results We analyzed cardiac valve samples of patients with and without (control) CAVD (n = 24 per group) using untargeted metabolomics and tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics. Significantly different metabolites and proteins between the CAVD and control groups were screened; then, functional enrichment was analyzed. We analyzed co-expressed differential metabolites and proteins, and constructed a metabolite-protein-pathway network. The expression of key proteins was validated using western blotting. Differential analysis identified 229 metabolites in CAVD among which, 2-aminophenol, hydroxykynurenine, erythritol, carnosine, and choline were the top five. Proteomic analysis identified 549 differentially expressed proteins in CAVD, most of which were localized in the nuclear, cytoplasmic, extracellular, and plasma membranes. Levels of selenium binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) positively correlated with multiple metabolites. Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters, starch and sucrose metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling, and purine metabolism were key pathways in the network. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), calcium2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CAMK2D), and ATP binding cassette subfamily a member 8 (ABCA8) were identified as hub proteins in the metabolite-protein-pathway network as they interacted with ADP, glucose 6-phosphate, choline, and other proteins. Western blotting confirmed that ENPP1 was upregulated, whereas ABCA8 and CAMK2D were downregulated in CAVD samples. Conclusion The metabolic and protein profiles of cardiac valves from patients with CAVD significantly changed. The present findings provide a holistic view of the molecular mechanisms underlying CAVD that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China,Postdoctoral Mobile Station, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianqun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China,Zhigang Guo,
| | - Meilin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Nan Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Endogenous Vasoactive Peptides and Vascular Aging-Related Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1534470. [PMID: 36225176 PMCID: PMC9550461 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1534470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a specific type of organic aging that plays a central role in the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases among the elderly. It is essential to develop novel interventions to prevent/delay age-related vascular pathologies by targeting fundamental cellular and molecular aging processes. Endogenous vasoactive peptides are compounds formed by a group of amino acids connected by peptide chains that exert regulatory roles in intercellular interactions involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that a variety of vasoactive peptides play important roles in the occurrence and development of vascular aging and related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular calcification, abdominal aortic aneurysms, and stroke. This review will summarize the cumulative roles and mechanisms of several important endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging and vascular aging-related diseases. In addition, we also aim to explore the promising diagnostic function as biomarkers and the potential therapeutic application of endogenous vasoactive peptides in vascular aging-related diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ozkizilcik A, Sysavanh F, Patel S, Tandon I, Balachandran K. Local Renin-Angiotensin System Signaling Mediates Cellular Function of Aortic Valves. Ann Biomed Eng 2021; 49:3550-3562. [PMID: 34704164 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-021-02876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is activated in aortic valve disease, yet little is understood about how it affects the acute functional response of valve interstitial cells (VICs). Herein, we developed a gelatin-based valve thin film (vTF) platform to investigate whether the contractile response of VICs can be regulated via RAS mediators and inhibitors. First, the impact of culture medium (quiescent, activated, and osteogenic medium) on VIC phenotype and function was assessed. Contractility of VICs was measured upon treatment with angiotensin I (Ang I), angiotensin II (Ang II), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) inhibitor. Anisotropic cell alignment on gelatin vTF was achieved independent of culture conditions. Cells cultured in activated and osteogenic conditions were found to be more elongated than in quiescent medium. Increased α-SMA expression was observed in activated medium and no RUNX2 expression were observed in cells. VIC contractile stress increased with increasing concentrations (from 10-10 to 10-6 M) of Ang I and Ang II. Moreover, cell contraction was significantly reduced in all ACE and AT1R inhibitor-treated groups. Together, these findings suggest that local RAS is active in VICs, and our vTF may provide a powerful platform for valve drug screening and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asya Ozkizilcik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A.White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Fah Sysavanh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A.White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Smit Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A.White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ishita Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A.White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Kartik Balachandran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 122 John A.White Jr. Engineering Hall, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khodabakhsh P, Asgari Taei A, Mohseni M, Bahrami Zanjanbar D, Khalili H, Masoumi K, Haji Abbas Shirazi A, Dargahi L. Vasoactive Peptides: Role in COVID-19 Pathogenesis and Potential Use as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:777-787. [PMID: 34134920 PMCID: PMC8179120 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as the latest threat to global health, causes overwhelming effects for the public healthcare systems worldwide. Of note, in addition to the respiratory complications, some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also develop serious cardiovascular injuries. Vasoactive peptides play an important role in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. AIM With the urgent need for exploring the specific therapeutic targets and biomarkers for the emerging COVID-19, the general aim of this review is to discuss the potentials of the vasoactive peptides including Angiotensin II (Ang II), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), endothelin-1 (ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), natriuretic peptides, substance P (SP) and bradykinin (BK) as therapeutic targets and/or prognostic indicators for the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION Based on various observations some authors conclude that the assessment of vasoactive peptides shall be considered a routine part of COVID-19 patient monitoring, and they can serve as potential therapeutic targets for the disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Mohseni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dorsa Bahrami Zanjanbar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Khalili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Masoumi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Büttner P, Feistner L, Lurz P, Thiele H, Hutcheson JD, Schlotter F. Dissecting Calcific Aortic Valve Disease-The Role, Etiology, and Drivers of Valvular Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:660797. [PMID: 34041283 PMCID: PMC8143377 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.660797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a highly prevalent and progressive disorder that ultimately causes gradual narrowing of the left ventricular outflow orifice with ensuing devastating hemodynamic effects on the heart. Calcific mineral accumulation is the hallmark pathology defining this process; however, fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that leads to extensive deposition of fibrous connective tissue and distortion of the valvular microarchitecture similarly has major biomechanical and functional consequences for heart valve function. Significant advances have been made to unravel the complex mechanisms that govern these active, cell-mediated processes, yet the interplay between fibrosis and calcification and the individual contribution to progressive extracellular matrix stiffening require further clarification. Specifically, we discuss (1) the valvular biomechanics and layered ECM composition, (2) patterns in the cellular contribution, temporal onset, and risk factors for valvular fibrosis, (3) imaging valvular fibrosis, (4) biomechanical implications of valvular fibrosis, and (5) molecular mechanisms promoting fibrotic tissue remodeling and the possibility of reverse remodeling. This review explores our current understanding of the cellular and molecular drivers of fibrogenesis and the pathophysiological role of fibrosis in CAVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Büttner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lukas Feistner
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua D. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Florian Schlotter
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sarajlic P, Plunde O, Franco-Cereceda A, Bäck M. Artificial Intelligence Models Reveal Sex-Specific Gene Expression in Aortic Valve Calcification. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2021; 6:403-412. [PMID: 34095631 PMCID: PMC8165113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Differences in the clinical presentation and physiology of aortic stenosis in men and women complicate the management of the condition. By combining traditional inferential statistics, artificial intelligence predictive modeling, and genetic pathway analysis, one can gain further insight into sex-specific gene expression patterns, potentially driving the valvular phenotype differences between the sexes. Results from this study, implementing a mixed and comprehensive methodological approach, offer a foundation for further exploration of potential drug targets.
Male and female aortic stenosis patients have distinct valvular phenotypes, increasing the complexities in the evaluation of valvular pathophysiology. In this study, we present cutting-edge artificial intelligence analyses of transcriptome-wide array data from stenotic aortic valves to highlight differences in gene expression patterns between the sexes, using both sex-differentiated transcripts and unbiased gene selections. This approach enabled the development of efficient models with high predictive ability and determining the most significant sex-dependent contributors to calcification. In addition, analyses of function-related gene groups revealed enriched fibrotic pathways among female patients. Ultimately, we demonstrate that artificial intelligence models can be used to accurately predict aortic valve calcification by carefully analyzing sex-specific gene transcripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sarajlic
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Heart and Vessels, Division of Valvular and Coronary Disease, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kostyunin AE, Ovcharenko EA, Barbarash OL. [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as a potential target for therapy in patients with calcific aortic stenosis: a literature review]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:4-17. [PMID: 31884936 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.n328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a serious socio-economic problem in developed countries because this disease is the most common indication for aortic valve replacement. Currently, there are no methods for non-invasive treatment of CAVS. Nevertheless, it is assumed that effective drug therapy for CAVS can be developed on the basis of modulators of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this paper is to compile and analyze current information on the role of RAAS in the CAVS pathophysiology. Recent data on the effectiveness of RAAS inhibition are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Kostyunin
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - E A Ovcharenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| | - O L Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Development of calcific aortic valve disease: Do we know enough for new clinical trials? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:189-209. [PMID: 31136747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), previously thought to represent a passive degeneration of the valvular extracellular matrix (VECM), is now regarded as an intricate multistage disorder with sequential yet intertangled and interacting underlying processes. Endothelial dysfunction and injury, initiated by disturbed blood flow and metabolic disorders, lead to the deposition of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the VECM further provoking macrophage infiltration, oxidative stress, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Such changes in the valvular homeostasis induce differentiation of normally quiescent valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into synthetically active myofibroblasts producing excessive quantities of the VECM and proteins responsible for its remodeling. As a result of constantly ongoing degradation and re-deposition, VECM becomes disorganised and rigid, additionally potentiating myofibroblastic differentiation of VICs and worsening adaptation of the valve to the blood flow. Moreover, disrupted and excessively vascularised VECM is susceptible to the dystrophic calcification caused by calcium and phosphate precipitating on damaged collagen fibers and concurrently accompanied by osteogenic differentiation of VICs. Being combined, passive calcification and biomineralisation synergistically induce ossification of the aortic valve ultimately resulting in its mechanical incompetence requiring surgical replacement. Unfortunately, multiple attempts have failed to find an efficient conservative treatment of CAVD; however, therapeutic regimens and clinical settings have also been far from the optimal. In this review, we focused on interactions and transitions between aforementioned mechanisms demarcating ascending stages of CAVD, suggesting a predisposing condition (bicuspid aortic valve) and drug combination (lipid-lowering drugs combined with angiotensin II antagonists and cytokine inhibitors) for the further testing in both preclinical and clinical trials.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is the most common heart valve disorder in human populations. Nevertheless, there are presently no effective means for its prevention and treatment. It is therefore critical to comprehensively define key mechanisms of the disease. A major focus of cardiovascular research has been characterization of how regulation of gene expression maintains healthy physiologic status of the component tissues of the system and how derangements of gene regulation may become pathological. Recently, substantial evidence has emerged that noncoding RNAs, which are an enormous and versatile class of regulatory elements, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, have roles in onset and prognosis of CAVD. Authors of the present report have therefore here provided a summary of the current understanding of contributions made by noncoding RNAs major features of CAVD. It is anticipated that this article will serve as a valuable guide to research strategy in this field and may additionally provide both researchers and clinicians with an expanded range of CAVD-associated biomarkers.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gallo G, Presta V, Volpe M, Rubattu S. Molecular and clinical implications of natriuretic peptides in aortic valve stenosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:266-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Human interstitial cellular model in therapeutics of heart valve calcification. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1981-1997. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|