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Chen S, Park EC, Harris LM, Sigel AN, Broshek CE, Joiner TE, Ribeiro JD. Beyond words: Semantic satiation and the mental accessibility of the concept of suicide. Behav Res Ther 2024; 179:104573. [PMID: 38781625 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word "suicide" on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., "accident," "murder," or "suicide") either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word "suicide" slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of "murder" and "accident" delayed participants' judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghao Chen
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA.
| | - Esther C Park
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
| | | | - Anika N Sigel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, USA
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Klonoff-Cohen HS, Cohen A, Gobin RL, Polavarapu M, Allen R, Reddy S, Vuyyuru C. Suicide Ideation and Self-Harm Behaviors in First-Year Dormitory Students at a Public Midwestern University: A Pilot Study. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2024; 8:24705470241259939. [PMID: 38846597 PMCID: PMC11155327 DOI: 10.1177/24705470241259939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Currently, 1 in 5 college students struggle with suicidal ideation while 7% to 44% engage in nonsuicidal self-injury. Illinois has one of the highest teenage and college student suicide rates in the United States. This pilot study assessed suicide ideation and self-harm behaviors at a public Illinois university. This is the first study to use 5 standardized psychological instruments to investigate these 2 crises in freshmen college students who are all required to reside in dormitories. The main hypothesis was to determine if the independent effects of freshmen students' depression, Five-Factor Model, and Reasons for Living affected the dependent variables, self-harm behaviors and suicide ideation. Methods: Forty first-year college dormitory students completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II, Scale of Suicidal Ideation, Five-Factor Model, Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, and Reasons for Living Scale in person. Results: Participants were 18 to 19 years old, predominantly female (65%), and non-White (62%). Forty percent reported self-harm behaviors and 19% reported suicidal ideation. The top reasons for contemplated suicide attempts included the inability to solve problems (33%) and attention/revenge (28%). Students experienced high levels of anxiety (55%), self-consciousness (43%), and depression (18%). Depression was associated with suicide ideation (β = 0.05, P = .006), while neuroticism and openness were associated with self-harm behaviors (aOR = 3.36, P = .02, aOR = 0.48, P = .047, respectively). Ninety-five percent reported "responsibility to family" as a Reason for Living. Conclusions: Preliminary evidence necessitates an examination of self-harm and suicide ideation among all freshmen, investigating both risk and protective factors. In the future, a prevention intervention should be implemented campus-wide (and eventually nationwide) for all first-year dormitory students to enhance their mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Auroraleigh Cohen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Robyn L. Gobin
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | | | - Ryan Allen
- Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Swetha Reddy
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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Bjørkly S, Laake P, Douglas KS. The safe pilot study: A prospective naturalistic study with repeated measures design to test protective factors against violence in and after discharge from forensic facilities. Psychiatry Res 2023; 320:115017. [PMID: 36610319 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.115017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Assessing violence risk amongst forensic patients is a vital legal and clinical task. The field of violence risk assessment has developed considerably over the past two decades but remains primarily risk focused. Despite this, growing attention to and work on protective factors or strengths has occurred. In this prospective naturalistic study with repeated observer-rated measures of 27 forensic patients, we tested the role of three potentially important but understudied dynamic protective factors: hope, insight, and resilience, along with a history of criminality, in terms of their impact on violence. Main effects models indicated that higher hopelessness and past criminal convictions were predictive of violence acts; higher resilience was associated with lower violence. In interaction models, hopelessness remained predictive. Importantly, there were significant interactions between resilience and past criminal convictions, with higher levels of resilience leading to lower violence, most amongst those with criminal convictions, and between resilience and hopelessness related emotional distress, in that higher resilience at high levels of patient acknowledged emotional distress due to hopelessness led to lower violence. Findings indicate the importance of focusing on strengths or protective factors in the assessment of risk and treatment planning for forensic patients. Despite the small sample, the repeated measures design was feasible and informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stål Bjørkly
- Regional Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University, Hospital, Norway; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway.
| | - Petter Laake
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Molde University College, Molde, Norway; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, University of, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S Douglas
- Regional Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University, Hospital, Norway; Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Vancover, Canada; Regional Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland, University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Grigutytė N, Mikuličiūtė V, Petraškaitė K, Kairys A. Beck Scales (BDI-II, BAI, BHS, BSS, and CBOCI): Clinical and Normative Samples’ Comparison and Determination of Clinically Relevant Cutoffs. PSICHOLOGIJA 2023. [DOI: 10.15388/psichol.2022.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate 5 Beck scales – Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSS), and Clark–Beck Obsession-Compulsion Inventory (CBOCI) – comparing clinical and normative samples, and to determine clinically relevant cutoffs. The clinical sample consisted of 242 persons aged 18–74; 39 percent were men and 61 percent were women. The normative sample consisted of 1296 persons aged 18–95; 44 percent were men and 56 percent were women. In order to compare the estimates of the normative and clinical samples of the Beck scales, a paired data study sample was formed – 230 participants from the clinical and normative groups each. The clinical sample was divided into four groups according to the primary diagnoses: 107 (46.5%) patients were diagnosed with mood (affective) disorder (F30–F39), 38 (16.5%) with neurophysical stress and somatoform disorders (F40–F49), 51 (22.2%) with disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances (F10–F19), 34 (14.8%) with high risk of suicide (X60–X84; Z91.5; R45.81). 27 percent of patients had comorbid diagnoses. The results show high internal consistency of the Beck scales in all samples. The discrimination abilities of all five Beck scales are good; the cutoffs for each Beck scale in four clinical groups are estimated. Both the total clinical sample and the 4 clinical sample groups had significantly higher BDI-II, BAI, BHS, BSS, and CBOCI scores than the normative sample. In conclusion, the Beck scales alone are not sufficient for making a decision about the clinical diagnosis.
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Shepherd BF, Kelly LM, Brochu PM, Wolff JC, Swenson LP. An examination of theory-based suicidal ideation risk factors in college students with multiple marginalized identities. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY 2023; 93:107-119. [PMID: 36913274 PMCID: PMC10015593 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social marginalization increases the risk of suicidal ideation (SI) among individuals with diverse identities, yet research examining the effects of marginalization has focused on one identity. Emerging adulthood is a critical period of identity development and the age group with the highest rates of SI. Considering the challenges of living in potentially heterosexist, cissexist, racist, and sizeist environments, we tested whether possessing multiple marginalized identities was associated with severity of SI through factors proposed in the interpersonal-psychological theory (IPT) and the three-step theory (3ST) of suicide and if mediation paths were moderated by sex. A sample of 265 college students completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing SI and constructs related to IPT and 3ST. The number of marginalized identities was generated by adding minoritized sexual orientation, race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, body mass index >25 kg/m2, sexual attraction to same sex but identified as heterosexual, and gender-fluid identity. In IPT multiple mediation analyses, possessing more marginalized identities was associated with SI severity through burdensomeness and hopelessness, but not belonging. Indirect paths through burdensomeness and belonging were moderated by sex. For 3ST, possessing more marginalized identities was associated with SI severity through hopelessness and psychological pain, but not social connection or meaning in life. Future research should consider intersecting social identities and test mechanisms by which multiply marginalized college students develop resilience to SI risk factors, such as support within their marginalized groups, to inform suicide assessment and intervention efforts on college campuses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lourah M. Kelly
- School of Medicine, University of Connecticut
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University
| | - Paula M. Brochu
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University
| | - Jennifer C. Wolff
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
- Rhode Island Hospital
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Knagg H, Pratt D, Taylor PJ, Palmier-Claus J. A positive mental imagery intervention for targeting suicidal ideation in university students: A pilot study. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1392-1402. [PMID: 35122355 PMCID: PMC9542303 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Suicide is a major public health concern and is now considered to be the leading cause of death in young people. Suicidal ideation within student populations has recently increased. The Broad‐Minded Affective Coping (BMAC) offers a brief psychological intervention targeting suicidal ideation by enabling access to competing positive emotions and thoughts using guided imagery. Its acceptability and feasibility in student populations are unclear. Design A single arm pilot study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of a six‐session BMAC intervention for university students experiencing suicidal ideation. Method Recruitment took place from university counselling services. Suicidal ideation and emotional states were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks. Participants also completed corresponding sessional measures. Results Twelve eligible participants consented to take part with 11 receiving the intervention. Ten participants completed post treatment and follow up assessments. Retention to treatment was high with participants attending an average of 5.2 (87%; SD = 1.54) out of six intervention sessions. There were also good completion rates of the BMAC technique between sessions. Participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. There was an associated reduction across a range of clinical outcomes, including suicidal ideation, with large effect sizes. Discussion This pilot study showed promising results on the feasibility and acceptability of the BMAC intervention in students experiencing suicidal ideation. However, the study had a small sample size and no comparator control group. Further exploration of the BMAC intervention is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Knagg
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Pratt
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK.,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter J Taylor
- Centre for New Treatments and Understanding in Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jasper Palmier-Claus
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Lancashire & South Cumbria NHS Foundation Trust, Lancashire, UK
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Abdel-Wahab M, Okasha T, Shaheen M, Nasr M, Molokheya T, Omar AE, Rabie MA, Samy V, Hamed H, Ali M. Clinical Guidelines of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association for the Management of Treatment-Resistant Unipolar Depression in Egypt. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:797150. [PMID: 35370819 PMCID: PMC8964405 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.797150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a public health burden that creates a strain not only on individuals, but also on the economy. Treatment-resistant depression in the course of major depressive disorder represents a clinically challenging condition that is defined as insufficient response to two or more antidepressant trails with antidepressants of the same or different classes that were administered at adequate daily doses for at least 4 weeks. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS To develop a treatment guideline for Treatment Resistant Depression (TRD). METHODOLOGY Experts in the field gathered and reviewed the available evidence about the subject. Then, a series of meetings were held to create recommendations that can be utilized by Egyptian psychiatrists. RESULTS The guidelines provide recommendations in various clinical settings. It evaluates different situations, such as patients at risk of resistance, those with resistance and recommends strategies to resolve the clinical case. CONCLUSION The consensus guidelines will improve the outcomes of patients, as they provide recommendations across various domains that are of concern for the practicing psychiatrist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momtaz Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasr El-Aini Medical School, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek Okasha
- Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Medical School, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Shaheen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasr El-Aini Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nasr
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasr El-Aini Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Molokheya
- Department of Psychiatry, Alexandria Medical School, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abd ElNasser Omar
- Department of Psychiatry, Ain Shams Medical School, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Menan A Rabie
- Department of Psychiatry, Ain Shams Medical School, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Victor Samy
- Department of Psychiatry, Banha Medical School, Banha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hany Hamed
- Department of Psychiatry, Beni-Suef Medical School, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, German University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Brooks JR, Lebeaut A, Zegel M, Walker RL, Vujanovic AA. Anxiety sensitivity and suicide risk: Mindfulness as a psychological buffer for Black adults. J Affect Disord 2021; 289:74-80. [PMID: 33945917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety sensitivity (AS), defined as the fear of anxiety-related sensations, is associated with increased risk for suicide and related behavior. However, investigations of AS have centered on primarily non-Hispanic White men and women and with limited attention to clinically relevant underlying factors. METHODS The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the indirect effect of AS on suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk through mindfulness in a sample of 307 Black adults (79.2% female; Mage = 22.4, SD = 5.6). Participants completed an online questionnaire battery that included measures of AS, mindfulness, suicide ideation, and elevated suicide risk. RESULTS After controlling for age and gender, results indicated that AS was directly and indirectly associated with suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk via lower levels of mindfulness. LIMITATIONS Limitations include using a cross-sectional methodological design and exclusive reliance on self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary insight into novel risk and protective factors that influence suicide ideation and elevated suicide risk among Black Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin R Brooks
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Antoine Lebeaut
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Maya Zegel
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Rheeda L Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Case JAC, Burke TA, Siegel DM, Piccirillo ML, Alloy LB, Olino TM. Functions of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Late Adolescence: A Latent Class Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:S165-S186. [PMID: 30856362 PMCID: PMC6739178 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1586607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study employed latent class analysis utilizing an array of features of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in order to identify distinct subgroups of self-injurers. Participants were 359 undergraduates with NSSI history. Indicator variables were lifetime and last year frequency rates, number of methods, scarring, pain during self-injury, and functions of NSSI. Analyses yielded mild/experimental NSSI, moderate NSSI, moderate multiple functions NSSI, and severe NSSI groups, endorsing low, moderate, moderate multiple functions, and high frequencies of self-injury and presence of functions, respectively. Following class assignment, groups differed on self-esteem, social support and belongingness, internalizing symptoms, suicidal ideation and behaviors, and additional NSSI constructs. These subtype analyses emphasize matching phenotypes of NSSI to specific interventions considering dimensions of clinical functioning.
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Validation of the Chinese version of the Scale for Suicide Ideation-Worst in adult patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106586. [PMID: 31698259 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Scale for Suicide Ideation-Worst (SSI-W) for screening suicide ideation in Chinese adult patients with epilepsy (PWE). METHOD A consecutive sample of Chinese adult PWE from a tertiary hospital completed the SSI-W and the suicidality module of the Chinese version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus 5.0.0. RESULTS A total of 269 PWE completed the scales. According to the MINI, 59 patients (21.9%) had suicidal ideation. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the SSI-W was 0.96. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the SSI-W was 0.957 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.935-0.980). With a cutoff score of 2 points, the SSI-W demonstrated the best psychometric properties: a sensitivity of 95.8%, a specificity of 87.3%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 56.7%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.0%. The scores for items 11 (Reason for attempt) and 18 (Final acts) were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in patients with suicidal ideation, while the scores for the other items were significantly different between these groups of patients. CONCLUSION The Chinese version of the SSI-W proved to be a reliable and effective assessment tool for screening suicidal ideation in Chinese adult PWE.
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Khosravani V, Mohammadzadeh A, Sharifi Bastan F, Amirinezhad A, Amini M. Early maladaptive schemas and suicidal risk in inpatients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:351-359. [PMID: 30529318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the associations of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and clinical factors (hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms) with suicidal risk (current suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts) in inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD). One hundred inpatients with BD completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). 59% of patients had lifetime suicide attempts and 59% showed high suicidal risk (BSSI ≥ 6). BD patients with lifetime suicide attempts had higher scores on the entitlement and social isolation schemas, depression, and hypomanic/manic symptoms than those without such attempts. Patients with high suicidal risk had higher levels of depressive and hypomanic/manic symptoms as well as some EMSs than those without high suicidal risk. Logistic regression analyses revealed that hypomanic/manic symptoms as well as the entitlement and defectiveness schemas were significantly associated with current suicidal ideation. Also, the entitlement and social isolation schemas were associated with lifetime suicide attempts. These results suggest that the entitlement, social isolation, and defectiveness schemas may relate to suicidal risk in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Ali Amirinezhad
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Amini
- Clinical Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Ardabil, Iran
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Chiurliza B, Gutierrez PM, Joiner T, Hanson J, Ben-Yehuda A, Tatsa-Lauer L, Chu C, Schneider ME, Stanley IH, Rogers ML, Shelef L. Evaluation of Suicide Risk Assessment Measures in an Israel Defense Forces Military Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2018.1470585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Chiurliza
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Peter M. Gutierrez
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Thomas Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Jetta Hanson
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | | | | | - Carol Chu
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | | | - Ian H. Stanley
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Megan L. Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
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Cassidy S, Bradley L, Bowen E, Wigham S, Rodgers J. Measurement properties of tools used to assess suicidality in autistic and general population adults: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 62:56-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Burke TA, Jacobucci R, Ammerman BA, Piccirillo M, McCloskey MS, Heimberg RG, Alloy LB. Identifying the relative importance of non-suicidal self-injury features in classifying suicidal ideation, plans, and behavior using exploratory data mining. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:175-183. [PMID: 29453036 PMCID: PMC6684203 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are at alarmingly high risk for suicidal ideation (SI), planning (SP), and attempts (SA). Given these findings, research has begun to evaluate the features of this multi-faceted behavior that may be most important to assess when quantifying risk for SI, SP, and SA. However, no studies have examined the wide range of NSSI characteristics simultaneously when determining which NSSI features are most salient to suicide risk. The current study utilized three exploratory data mining techniques (elastic net regression, decision trees, random forests) to address these gaps in the literature. Undergraduates with a history of NSSI (N = 359) were administered measures assessing demographic variables, depression, and 58 NSSI characteristics (e.g., methods, frequency, functions, locations, scarring) as well as current SI, current SP, and SA history. Results suggested that depressive symptoms and the anti-suicide function of NSSI were the most important features for predicting SI and SP. The most important features in predicting SA were the anti-suicide function of NSSI, NSSI-related medical treatment, and NSSI scarring. Overall, results suggest that NSSI functions, scarring, and medical lethality may be more important to assess than commonly regarded NSSI severity indices when ascertaining suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Burke
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ross Jacobucci
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Psychology, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Marilyn Piccirillo
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lauren B Alloy
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ko KT, Lin CJ, Pi SH, Li YC, Fang CK. Demoralization Syndrome Among Elderly Patients with Cancer Disease. INT J GERONTOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Erford BT, Jackson J, Bardhoshi G, Duncan K, Atalay Z. Selecting Suicide Ideation Assessment Instruments: A Meta-Analytic Review. MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION IN COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/07481756.2017.1358062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley T. Erford
- Peabody College at Vanderbilt University, Human and Organizational Development, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kliem S, Lohmann A, Mößle T, Brähler E. German Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS): psychometric properties from a representative population survey. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:389. [PMID: 29202737 PMCID: PMC5716298 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1559-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation has been identified as one of the major predictors of attempted or actual suicide. Routinely screening individuals for endorsing suicidal thoughts could save lives and protect many from severe psychological consequences following the suicide of loved ones. The aim of this study was to validate the German version of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS) in a sample representative for the Federal Republic of Germany. METHODS All 2450 participants completed the first part of the Scale, the BSS-Screen. A risk group of n = 112 individuals (4.6%) with active or passive suicidal ideation was identified and subsequently completed the entire BSS. RESULTS Satisfactory internal reliability (α = .97 for the BSS-Screen; α = .94 for the entire BSS) and excellent model fit indices for the one-dimensional factorial structure of the BSS-Screen (CFI = .998; TLI = .995; RMSEA = .045 [95%-CI: .030-.061]) were confirmed. Measurement invariance analyses supported strict invariance across gender, age, and depression status. We found correlations with related self-report measures in expected directions comparable to previous studies, indicating satisfactory construct validity. LIMITATIONS Our study involved cross sectional data, hence neither predictive validity nor retest-reliability were examined. As only the risk group of n = 112 individuals completed the entire measure, confirmatory factor analyses could not be conducted for the full BSS. CONCLUSION The German translation of the BSS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing suicidal ideation in the general population. Using it as a screening device in general and specialized medical care could substantially advance suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kliem
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Lohmann
- Criminological Research Institute of Lower Saxony, Lützerodestraße 9, 30161 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Mößle
- State Police College of Baden-Wuerttemberg, Sturmbühlstraße 250, 78054 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Str. 8, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Initial Psychometric Validation of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2017; 39:546-562. [PMID: 28824225 DOI: 10.1007/s10862-017-9595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the growing literature on the detrimental psychological consequences of NSSI, it is surprising that scarce research has focused on the permanent physical consequences of NSSI, scarring to one's tissue (Burke et al. 2015; Lewis 2016). Indeed, with recent research suggesting that upwards of half of those with a history of NSSI bear scarring as a result of the behavior (Burke et al. 2016), the psychological implications of scarring are important to understand. Given preliminary literature suggesting that the vast majority of individuals who bear NSSI scars ascribe a great deal of meaning to their scarring, and that this meaning varies widely, a psychometrically sound scale is needed to comprehensively and systematically assess NSSI scar-related cognitions. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Scar Cognition Scale (NSSI-SCS). A sample of 110 undergraduates with at least one scar from NSSI completed the NSSI-SCS as well as measures of concurrent and divergent validity. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to determine the factor structure of the NSSI-SCS. Results indicated that a five-factor solution offered the best fit for the data. Psychometric analyses support the validity of the NSSI-SCS given evidence of concurrent validity, divergent validity, and reliability. Future research should examine the test-retest reliability of the NSSI-SCS, as well as its sensitivity to change, particularly in the context of treatment research.
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Burke TA, Hamilton JL, Ammerman BA, Stange JP, Alloy LB. Suicide risk characteristics among aborted, interrupted, and actual suicide attempters. Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:357-364. [PMID: 27344029 PMCID: PMC5247268 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated suicide risk characteristics associated with interrupted and aborted suicide attempts. The present study aimed to empirically examine whether assessing a history of interrupted and aborted suicide attempts is valuable when assessing suicide risk, given the relative lack of literature in this area to date. To inform this question, the current study examined differences in risk factors for suicidal behavior among individuals who have carried out a suicide attempt, individuals who report having a history of only interrupted and/or aborted suicide attempts, and non-attempter controls. Approximately 447 undergraduates (M=21.10 years; SD=4.16; 77.6% female) completed measures of carried out suicide attempts, interrupted suicide attempts, aborted suicide attempts, acquired capability for suicide, suicide likelihood, depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-injury. Results suggest that a faction of individuals endorse interrupted and/or aborted suicide attempts (8.7%), but do not endorse carried out suicide attempts, even in non-clinical samples. Furthermore, results suggest that there are few clinically meaningful differences between those with a history of carried out suicide attempts and interrupted/aborted suicide attempts, suggesting that individuals with a history of these lesser studied suicidal behaviors are an important group to target for suicide risk intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Burke
- Psychology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Lauren B Alloy
- Psychology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Burke TA, Hamilton JL, Cohen JN, Stange JP, Alloy LB. Identifying a physical indicator of suicide risk: Non-suicidal self-injury scars predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 65:79-87. [PMID: 26773994 PMCID: PMC4715861 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide risk is challenging to quantify due to reliance on self-report, which is limited by individuals' lack of insight and the desire to conceal such intentions. Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most robust predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempts (SA). Although NSSI often leads to permanent scarring, which can be assessed by objective physical examination, no research has examined whether scarring denotes tangible risk for SI and SA. The present study examined whether NSSI scar presence and number predict current SI and SA history. Further, we examined whether brooding would exacerbate the effects of NSSI scarring on SI or SA. METHODS Young adults (N=231; M=21.24 years; 78% female) completed self-report questionnaires assessing SA history, frequency of NSSI, presence/number of NSSI scars, brooding, current depressive symptoms, and SI. RESULTS NSSI scar presence and number predicted current SI and SA history after controlling for current depressive symptoms. Moreover, scar presence and number predicted current SI over and above the effects of SA history and NSSI frequency, method, and medical severity. Further, NSSI scar presence and number predicted SI more strongly among individuals with greater levels of brooding than among individuals with lower levels of brooding. CONCLUSIONS The presence and number of NSSI scars are objective physical indicators of risk for SI and SAs. Brooding may further heighten the risk of SI for individuals bearing NSSI scars.
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Kleiman EM, Law KC, Anestis MD. Do theories of suicide play well together? Integrating components of the hopelessness and interpersonal psychological theories of suicide. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55:431-8. [PMID: 24332385 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, there has been considerable research on theories of suicide risk. Despite the volume of such research, each theory is largely investigated in isolation and there has been little attempt to integrate them. Thus, the goal of the present study is to integrate two theories of suicide risk, Alloy and Abramson's hopelessness theory of suicide (HT) and Joiner's interpersonal psychological theory of suicide (IPTS), into one mediational model where the effects of the risk associated with the HT variables (i.e., a negative cognitive style) on suicidal ideation are transmitted by the IPTS (i.e., perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging) variables. Participants were 245 young adults with elevated levels of depressive symptoms who completed self-report measures of suicide risk at baseline and a measure of suicidal ideation eight weeks later. The results of a mediated model supported our hypothesis. The effects of the HT variables on suicidal ideation were mediated by the IPTS variables. Furthermore, results did not support the reverse model, suggesting specificity of the direction of our hypotheses. These findings imply that there may be merit in attempting to integrate theories of suicide risk rather than studying them in isolation.
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22
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Kleiman EM, Liu RT, Riskind JH. Integrating the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide into the depression/suicidal ideation relationship: a short-term prospective study. Behav Ther 2014; 45:212-21. [PMID: 24491196 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We examined the hypothesis that depressive symptoms are associated with increased beliefs about perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness identified in the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide and that these beliefs are associated with changes in suicidal ideation. Participants with clinical levels of depressive symptoms (n=299) were selected from a larger group (n=508) and completed measures of depressive symptoms, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, and suicidal ideation twice over a period of 2 months. Results of a structural equation model found that depressive symptoms were associated with increases in burdensomeness and lack of belonging, which were associated with suicidal ideation. Moreover, this hypothesized integrated model demonstrated a significantly better fit than an alternative model that assumed burdensomeness and lack of belonging were associated with changes in depressive symptoms, which were associated with suicidal ideation. Our findings suggest that the well-established relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation is associated with changes in beliefs that one is a burden on others and lacks belonging. More generally, these results suggest that it may be fruitful to integrate theories of suicide risk to form a comprehensive model that can inform future research and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard T Liu
- Brown University Alpert Medical School, Bradley Hospital
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Pompili M, Innamorati M, Di Vittorio C, Sher L, Girardi P, Amore M. Sociodemographic and clinical differences between suicide ideators and attempters: a study of mood disordered patients 50 years and older. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2014; 44:34-45. [PMID: 23937195 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our study sought to characterize mood disordered suicide ideators and attempters 50 years and older admitted to a psychiatric ward either for a recent suicide attempt or for ongoing suicidal ideation. We enrolled 50 patients with suicide ideation consecutively admitted to an inpatient department and 50 patients admitted for a suicide attempt made in the last 48 hours. Suicide attempters more frequently had low social support and an age of onset of mood disorder of 46 years and older, and less frequently had a history of suicidal behaviors in the family members and pharmacological treatment, despite the fact that the groups did not differ with regard to antidepressants prescribed. The groups were not distinguishable based on several variables assumed to be risk factors for suicide behavior, such as proximal life events and stressors or alcohol use disorders. In both samples, comorbidity with organic diseases, the presence of stressful life events in the past 12 months, and a diagnosis of major depression were frequently reported. In conclusion, the presence of low social support and the absence of a pharmacotherapy may increase suicidal behaviors in patients at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Horon R, McManus T, Schmollinger J, Barr T, Jimenez M. A study of the use and interpretation of standardized suicide risk assessment: measures within a psychiatrically hospitalized correctional population. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:17-38. [PMID: 23356783 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The reliability, validity, and utility of the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (ASIQ), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), and Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire (RASQ) with correctional mental health populations was evaluated. Evidence was found indicating good to excellent reliability for all measures. Each of the measures significantly differentiated multiple attempters from single attempters and nonattempters, providing evidence of convergent and divergent validity. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed strong associations between multiple attempts and the ASIQ, BSS, and RASQ, but not the BHS. Implications for suicide risk assessment processes in correctional settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Horon
- Department of State Hospitals-Vacaville, Vacaville Psychiatric Program, Vacaville, CA 95696, USA.
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이혜선, Jung-Hye Kwon. Validation for the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation with Korean University Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.4.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to identify cognitive vulnerabilities and to examine the protective role of active engagement in sport in the development of (1) suicide ideation and (2) hopelessness. In Study 1,102 male military recruits were the participants. Scores on the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-30), but not on the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-A), predicted presence of suicide ideation three months later. The results of Study 2 with 84 university students showed that scores on the ATQ-30, but not on the DAS-A were significantly associated with hopelessness. Moreover, students actively engaged in sports exhibited less hopelessness. The findings suggest that active engagement in sports is strongly associated with negative automatic thoughts, suicidal thoughts, and hopelessness.
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