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Lin H, Zhang X, Feng Y, Gong Z, Li J, Wang W, Fan J. Advancing lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and immunotherapy prediction with a multi-omics consensus machine learning approach. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18520. [PMID: 38958523 PMCID: PMC11221067 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a tumour characterized by high tumour heterogeneity. Although there are numerous prognostic and immunotherapeutic options available for LUAD, there is a dearth of precise, individualized treatment plans. We integrated mRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, methylation and mutation data from the TCGA database for LUAD. Utilizing ten clustering algorithms, we identified stable multi-omics consensus clusters (MOCs). These data were then amalgamated with ten machine learning approaches to develop a robust model capable of reliably identifying patient prognosis and predicting immunotherapy outcomes. Through ten clustering algorithms, two prognostically relevant MOCs were identified, with MOC2 showing more favourable outcomes. We subsequently constructed a MOCs-associated machine learning model (MOCM) based on eight MOCs-specific hub genes. Patients characterized by a lower MOCM score exhibited better overall survival and responses to immunotherapy. These findings were consistent across multiple datasets, and compared to many previously published LUAD biomarkers, our MOCM score demonstrated superior predictive performance. Notably, the low MOCM group was more inclined towards 'hot' tumours, characterized by higher levels of immune cell infiltration. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation between GJB3 and the MOCM score (R = 0.77, p < 0.01) was discovered. Further experiments confirmed that GJB3 significantly enhances LUAD proliferation, invasion and migration, indicating its potential as a key target for LUAD treatment. Our developed MOCM score accurately predicts the prognosis of LUAD patients and identifies potential beneficiaries of immunotherapy, offering broad clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yanlong Feng
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Zetian Gong
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Musiu C, Lupo F, Agostini A, Lionetto G, Bevere M, Paiella S, Carbone C, Corbo V, Ugel S, De Sanctis F. Cellular collusion: cracking the code of immunosuppression and chemo resistance in PDAC. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341079. [PMID: 38817612 PMCID: PMC11137177 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the efforts, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still highly lethal. Therapeutic challenges reside in late diagnosis and establishment of peculiar tumor microenvironment (TME) supporting tumor outgrowth. This stromal landscape is highly heterogeneous between patients and even in the same patient. The organization of functional sub-TME with different cellular compositions provides evolutive advantages and sustains therapeutic resistance. Tumor progressively establishes a TME that can suit its own needs, including proliferation, stemness and invasion. Cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, the main non-neoplastic cellular TME components, follow soluble factors-mediated neoplastic instructions and synergize to promote chemoresistance and immune surveillance destruction. Unveiling heterotypic stromal-neoplastic interactions is thus pivotal to breaking this synergism and promoting the reprogramming of the TME toward an anti-tumor milieu, improving thus the efficacy of conventional and immune-based therapies. We underscore recent advances in the characterization of immune and fibroblast stromal components supporting or dampening pancreatic cancer progression, as well as novel multi-omic technologies improving the current knowledge of PDAC biology. Finally, we put into context how the clinic will translate the acquired knowledge to design new-generation clinical trials with the final aim of improving the outcome of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Musiu
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Lupo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Agostini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Lionetto
- General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Bevere
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Salvatore Paiella
- General and Pancreatic Surgery Unit, Pancreas Institute, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Carmine Carbone
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Corbo
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wu X, Zhao X, Zhou C, Wei N, Xu Z, Zhang X. Prognostic and onco-immunological value of immune-related eRNAs-driven genes in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:188. [PMID: 38602568 PMCID: PMC11008071 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to comprehensively analyze the clinical value of immune-related eRNAs-driven genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and find the potential biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic response to improve the survival of this malignant disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to identify the immune-related eRNAs-driven genes. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses were used to construct this prognostic risk signature. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were used to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. The single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was conducted to evaluate the immune status based on the signature. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis was performed to evaluate the expression value of the signature genes between LUAD tissues and adjacent lung tissues. RESULTS Five immune-related eRNAs-driven genes (SHC1, GDF10, CCL14, FYN, and NOD1) were identified to construct a prognostic risk signature with favorable predictive capacity. The patients with high-risk scores based on the signature were significantly associated with the malignant clinical features compared with those with low-risk scores. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the sample in the low-risk group had a prolonged survival compared with those in the high-risk group. This risk signature was validated to have a promising predictive capacity and reliability in diverse clinical situations and independent cohorts. The functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that humoral immune response and intestinal immune network for IgA production pathway might be the underlying molecular mechanism related to the signature. The proportion of the vast majority of immune infiltrating cells in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group, and the immunotherapy response rate in the low-risk group was significantly higher than that in the high-risk group. Moreover, BI-2536, sepantronium bromide, and ULK1 were the potential drugs for the treatment of patients with higher risk scores. Finally, the experiment in vivo and database analysis indicated that CCL14, FYN, NOD1, and GDF10 are the potential LUAD suppressor and SHC1 is a potential treatment target for LUAD. CONCLUSION Above all, we constructed a prognostic risk signature with favorable predictive capacity in LUAD, which was significantly associated with malignant features, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response and may provide clinical benefit in clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Nan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoju Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Weiwu Road No.7, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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Nie J, Ai J, Hong W, Bai Z, Wang B, Yang J, Zhang Z, Mo F, Yang J, Sun Q, Wei X. Cisplatin-induced oxPAPC release enhances MDSCs infiltration into LL2 tumour tissues through MCP-1/CCL2 and LTB4/LTB4R pathways. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13570. [PMID: 37905494 PMCID: PMC10984104 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related death, however, resistance to chemotherapy drugs remains a huge barrier to effective treatment. The elevated recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) to tumour after chemotherapy has been linked to resistance of chemotherapy drugs. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism remains unclear. oxPAPC is a bioactive principal component of minimally modified low-density lipoproteins and regulates inflammatory response. In this work, we found that cisplatin, oxaliplatin and ADM all increased oxPAPC release in tumour. Treating macrophages with oxPAPC in vitro stimulated the secretion of MCP-1 and LTB4, which strongly induced monocytes and neutrophils chemotaxis, respectively. Injection of oxPAPC in vivo significantly upregulated the percentage of MDSCs in tumour microenvironment (TME) of wild-type LL2 tumour-bearing mice, but not CCL2-/- mice and LTB4R-/- mice. Critically, oxPAPC acted as a pro-tumor factor in LL2 tumour model. Indeed, cisplatin increased oxPAPC level in tumour tissues of WT mice, CCL2-/- and LTB4R-/- mice, but caused increased infiltration of Ly6Chigh monocytes and neutrophils only in WT LL2-bearing mice. Collectively, our work demonstrates cisplatin treatment induces an overproduction of oxPAPC and thus recruits MDSCs infiltration to promote the tumour growth through the MCP-1/CCL2 and LTB4/LTB4R pathways, which may restrict the effect of multiple chemotherapy. This provides evidence for a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of lung cancer by targeting oxPAPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Nie
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan ProvinceThe Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunmingYunnanChina
| | - Jiayuan Ai
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Weiqi Hong
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziyi Bai
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Binhan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Fei Mo
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Department of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Meng X, Zhao X, Zhou B, Song W, Liang Y, Liang M, Du M, Shi J, Gao Y. FSTL3 is associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:17. [PMID: 38240936 PMCID: PMC10799152 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05553-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE FSTL3 expression is altered in various types of cancer. However, the role and mechanism of action of FSTL3 in lung adenocarcinoma development and tumor immunity are unknown. We investigated the association between FSTL3 expression and clinical characteristics and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and a separate validation set from our hospital. METHODS Data on immune system infiltration, gene expression, and relevant clinical information were obtained by analyzing lung adenocarcinoma sample data from TCGA database. Using online tools like GEPIA, the correlations between FSTL3 expression and prognosis, clinical stage, survival status, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells were examined. In a validation dataset, immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze FSTL3 expression and its related clinical characteristics. RESULTS FSTL3 expression was markedly reduced in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. N stage, pathological stage, and overall survival were significantly correlated with FSTL3 expression. According to GSEA, FSTL3 is strongly linked to signaling pathways such as DNA replication and those involved in cell cycle regulation. Examination of TCGA database and TIMER online revealed a correlation between FSTL3 and B cell, T cell, NK cell, and neutrophil levels. The prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma was significantly affected by six genes (KRT6A, VEGFC, KRT14, KRT17, SNORA12, and KRT81) related to FSTL3. CONCLUSION FSTL3 is significantly associated with the prognosis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma and the infiltration of immune cells. Thus, targeting FSTL3 and its associated genes in immunotherapy could be potentially beneficial for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxuan Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicheng Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Mei Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjun Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Chaoyang District, Panjiayuan, Nanli 17, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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Lindemann A, Brandes F, Borrmann M, Meidert AS, Kirchner B, Steinlein OK, Schelling G, Pfaffl MW, Reithmair M. Anesthetic‑specific lncRNA and mRNA profile changes in blood during colorectal cancer resection: A prospective, matched‑case pilot study. Oncol Rep 2022; 49:28. [PMID: 36562401 PMCID: PMC9813548 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prometastatic and antitumor effects of different anesthetics have been previously analyzed in several studies with conflicting results. Thus, the underlying perioperative molecular mechanisms mediated by anesthetics potentially affecting tumor phenotype and metastasis remain unclear. It was hypothesized that anesthetic‑specific long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) expression changes are induced in the blood circulation and play a crucial role in tumor outcome. In the present study, high‑throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR were performed in order to identify lncRNA and mRNA expression changes affected by two therapeutic regimes, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) and volatile anesthetic gas (VAG) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) resection. Total blood RNA was isolated prior to and following resection and characterized using RNA sequencing. mRNA‑lncRNA interactions and their roles in cancer‑related signaling of differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified using bioinformatics analyses. The comparison of these two time points revealed 35 differentially expressed lncRNAs in the TIVA‑group, and 25 in the VAG‑group, whereas eight were shared by both groups. Two lncRNAs in the TIVA‑group, and 23 in the VAG‑group of in silico identified target‑mRNAs were confirmed as differentially regulated in the NGS dataset of the present study. Pathway analysis was performed and cancer relevant canonical pathways for TIVA were identified. Target‑mRNA analysis of VAG revealed a markedly worsened immunological response against cancer. In this proof‑of‑concept study, anesthesic‑specific expression changes in lncRNA and mRNA profiles in blood were successfully identified. Moreover, the data of the present study provide the first evidence that anesthesia‑induced lncRNA pattern changes may contribute further in the observed differences in CRC outcome following tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Lindemann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Brandes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Borrmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes S. Meidert
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kirchner
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ortrud K. Steinlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Gustav Schelling
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael W. Pfaffl
- Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Marlene Reithmair
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany,Correspondence to: Dr Marlene Reithmair, Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Goethestraße 29, 80336 Munich, Germany, E-mail:
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Caligola S, De Sanctis F, Canè S, Ugel S. Breaking the Immune Complexity of the Tumor Microenvironment Using Single-Cell Technologies. Front Genet 2022; 13:867880. [PMID: 35651929 PMCID: PMC9149246 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.867880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors are not a simple aggregate of transformed cells but rather a complicated ecosystem containing various components, including infiltrating immune cells, tumor-related stromal cells, endothelial cells, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. Profiling the immune contexture of this intricate framework is now mandatory to develop more effective cancer therapies and precise immunotherapeutic approaches by identifying exact targets or predictive biomarkers, respectively. Conventional technologies are limited in reaching this goal because they lack high resolution. Recent developments in single-cell technologies, such as single-cell RNA transcriptomics, mass cytometry, and multiparameter immunofluorescence, have revolutionized the cancer immunology field, capturing the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating immune cells and the dynamic complexity of tenets that regulate cell networks in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we describe some of the current single-cell technologies and computational techniques applied for immune-profiling the cancer landscape and discuss future directions of how integrating multi-omics data can guide a new "precision oncology" advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Wang Y, Wang C, Zuo N, Yang H, Fang S, Shi J. Extracellular Traps Increase Burden of Bleeding by Damaging Endothelial Cell in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841445. [PMID: 35479063 PMCID: PMC9035902 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is currently over 90% because of the use of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with arsenic trioxide (ATO). However, hemorrhagic mortality has emerged as the most significant barrier to APL-induced remission. Neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs/ETs) cause vascular leakage by damaging the integrity of endothelial cells. We have previously demonstrated that APL cells treated with ATRA/ATO undergo a cell death process, releasing extracellular chromatin, termed ETosis/NETosis. However, the mechanism underlying the involvement of ETs in endothelial injury in APL remain largely unknown. Here, we analysed the ability of mature and immature neutrophils to release ETs, and their interaction with platelets (PLTs) in APL. Importantly, the effect of ETs on vascular endothelium in APL was discussed. Our results showed that the ability of immature neutrophils to release ETs was impaired in APL, whereas mature neutrophils produced ETs, which were associated with activated PLTs. Moreover, ATRA+ATO induced immature neutrophil differentiation, as well as increased the release of ETs from mature neutrophils. The excessive ETs damaged endothelial cells, causing blood cell leakage. Removing ETs using DNase 1 alleviated endothelial damage and improved blood cells leakage. Our results indicate that vascular endothelial injury is at least partially associated with ETs in APL, and that targeting ETs production may be an effective approach for relieving vascular leakage and reducing the burden of bleeding in APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chunxu Wang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Nan Zuo
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shaohong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Jialan Shi, , ; Shaohong Fang,
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Departments of Research and Medical Oncology, Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jialan Shi, , ; Shaohong Fang,
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Hofer F, Di Sario G, Musiu C, Sartoris S, De Sanctis F, Ugel S. A Complex Metabolic Network Confers Immunosuppressive Functions to Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) within the Tumour Microenvironment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102700. [PMID: 34685679 PMCID: PMC8534848 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) constitute a plastic and heterogeneous cell population among immune cells within the tumour microenvironment (TME) that support cancer progression and resistance to therapy. During tumour progression, cancer cells modify their metabolism to sustain an increased energy demand to cope with uncontrolled cell proliferation and differentiation. This metabolic reprogramming of cancer establishes competition for nutrients between tumour cells and leukocytes and most importantly, among tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Thus, MDSCs that have emerged as one of the most decisive immune regulators of TME exhibit an increase in glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism and also an upregulation of enzymes that catabolise essential metabolites. This complex metabolic network is not only crucial for MDSC survival and accumulation in the TME but also for enhancing immunosuppressive functions toward immune effectors. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of MDSC-associated metabolic pathways that could facilitate therapeutic targeting of these cells during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Ugel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-8126451; Fax: +39-045-8126455
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10
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Addeo A, Passaro A, Malapelle U, Luigi Banna G, Subbiah V, Friedlaender A. Immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer harbouring driver mutations. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 96:102179. [PMID: 33798954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Addeo
- Oncology Department, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Malapelle
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Spella M, Stathopoulos GT. Immune Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:384. [PMID: 33494181 PMCID: PMC7864325 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer worldwide, imposing grievous challenges for patients and clinicians. The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the main histologic subtype of lung cancer, is still increasing in current-, ex-, and even non-smokers, whereas its five-year survival rate is approximately 15% as the vast majority of patients usually present with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The generation of novel drugs targeting key disease driver mutations has created optimism for the treatment of LUAD, but, as these mutations are not universal, this therapeutic line benefits only a subset of patients. More recently, the advent of targeted immunotherapies and their documented clinical efficacy in many different cancers, including LUAD, have started to change cancer management. Immunotherapies have been developed in order to overcome the cancer's ability to develop mechanisms of immune resistance, i.e., to adapt to and evade the host inflammatory and immune responses. Identifying a cancer's immune resistance mechanisms will likely advance the development of personalized immunotherapies. This review examines the key pathways of immune resistance at play in LUAD and explores therapeutic strategies which can unleash potent antitumor immune responses and significantly improve therapeutic efficacy, quality of life, and survival in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Spella
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, 26504 Achaia, Greece;
| | - Georgios T. Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), Helmholtz Center Munich–German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, 81377 Munich, Germany
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12
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Park MY, Kim HS, Jeong YS, Kim HY, Bae YS. Novel Sca-1 + macrophages modulate the pathogenic progress of endotoxemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:83-89. [PMID: 32919702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are important innate immune cells that play crucial roles in inflammatory responses. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated macrophage heterogeneity based on biomarkers, functions, and localization. Here, we report a novel stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)-positive macrophage population induced in the pathological conditions caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sca-1 is only upregulated in macrophages but not in monocytes and neutrophils upon LPS injection. Sca-1+ macrophages develop from resident peritoneal macrophages. LPS-induced Sca-1+ macrophage generation was partly blocked by anti-IFN-γ antibody, suggesting a role of IFN-γ in the process. LPS-stimulated production of IL-6, TNF-α, and CCL2 is significantly lower in Sca-1+ macrophages compared to their counterpart Sca-1- macrophages. Depletion of Sca-1+ macrophages using anti-Sca-1 antibody significantly increased survival rate and reduced lung and kidney damage in an LPS-induced sepsis model. Taken together, we discovered a novel population of Sca-1+ macrophages in LPS-induced septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology in Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Giotopoulou GA, Stathopoulos GT. Effects of Inhaled Tobacco Smoke on the Pulmonary Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1225:53-69. [PMID: 32030647 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke is a multicomponent mixture of chemical, organic, and inorganic compounds, as well as additive substances and radioactive materials. Many studies have proved the carcinogenicity of various of these compounds through the induction of DNA adducts, mutational potential, epigenetic changes, gene fusions, and chromosomal events. The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in malignant tumor formation and progression through the regulation of expression of key molecules which mediate the recruitment of immune cells to the tumor site and subsequently regulate tumor growth and metastasis. In this chapter, we discuss the effects of inhaled tobacco smoke in the tumor microenvironment of the respiratory tract. The mechanisms underlying these effects as well as their link with tumor progression are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A Giotopoulou
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece.
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Rio, Greece
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14
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Lima CAD, Jammal MP, Etchebehere RM, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. Lymphocytes in Peritumoral Stroma: Evaluation in Epithelial Ovarian Neoplasms. Immunol Invest 2019; 49:397-405. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2019.1637435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cid Almeida de Lima
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Millena Prata Jammal
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Research Institute of Oncology (IPON), Uberaba, Brazil
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15
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Feng PH, Yu CT, Chen KY, Luo CS, Wu SM, Liu CY, Kuo LW, Chan YF, Chen TT, Chang CC, Lee CN, Chuang HC, Lin CF, Han CL, Lee WH, Lee KY. S100A9 + MDSC and TAM-mediated EGFR-TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma: the role of RELB. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7631-7643. [PMID: 29484139 PMCID: PMC5800931 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), particularly the S100A9+ subset, has been shown initial clinical relevance. However, its role in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma, especially to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is not clear. In a clinical setting of EGFR mutated lung adenocarcinoma, a role of the MDSC apart from T cell suppression was also investigated. Results Blood monocytic S100A9+ MDSC counts were higher in lung cancer patients than healthy donors, and were associated with poor treatment response and shorter progression-free survival (PFS). S100A9+ MDSCs in PBMC were well correlated to tumor infiltrating CD68+ and S100A9+ cells, suggesting an origin of TAMs. Patient’s MDMs, mostly from S100A9+ MDSC, similar to primary alveolar macrophages from patients, both expressed S100A9 and CD206, attenuated EGFR-TKI cytotoxicity. Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of the RELB signaling genes, confirmed by Western blotting and functionally by RELB knockdown. Conclusions In conclusion, blood S100A9+ MDSC is a predictor of poor treatment response to EGFR-TKI, possibly via its derived TAMs through activation of the non-canonical NF-κB RELB pathway. Methods Patients with activating EGFR mutation lung adenocarcinoma receiving first line EGFR TKIs were prospectively enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected for MDSCs analysis and for monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and stored tissue for TAM analysis by IHC. A transwell co-culture system of MDMs/macrophages and H827 cells was used to detect the effect of macrophages on H827 and microarray analysis to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, functionally confirmed by RNA interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Teng Yu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yuan Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen Ming Wu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ying Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu Wei Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Fei Chan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Medical Foundation Linko Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Tao Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nin Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Li Han
- Master Program for Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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De Sanctis F, Sandri S, Ferrarini G, Pagliarello I, Sartoris S, Ugel S, Marigo I, Molon B, Bronte V. The emerging immunological role of post-translational modifications by reactive nitrogen species in cancer microenvironment. Front Immunol 2014; 5:69. [PMID: 24605112 PMCID: PMC3932549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under many inflammatory contexts, such as tumor progression, systemic and peripheral immune response is tailored by reactive nitrogen species (RNS)-dependent post-translational modifications, suggesting a biological function for these chemical alterations. RNS modify both soluble factors and receptors essential to induce and maintain a tumor-specific immune response, creating a “chemical barrier” that impairs effector T cell infiltration and functionality in tumor microenvironment and supports the escape phase of cancer. RNS generation during tumor growth mainly depends on nitric oxide production by both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells that constitutively activate essential metabolic pathways of l-arginine catabolism. This review provides an overview of the potential immunological and biological role of RNS-induced modifications and addresses new approaches targeting RNS either in search of novel biomarkers or to improve anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Sanctis
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Sara Sandri
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrarini
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Irene Pagliarello
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
| | - Ilaria Marigo
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico , Padua , Italy
| | - Barbara Molon
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine , Padua , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Immunology Section, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona , Verona , Italy
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17
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Inflammatory and microenvironmental factors involved in breast cancer progression. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:1419-31. [PMID: 24222504 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The primary reason for the high mortality rate of breast cancer is metastasis, which can result in a poor survival rate. The tumor environment is important for promotion and invasion of cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is associated with breast cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of the inflammatory and microenvironment in breast cancer progression and metastasis. The present review summarizes some of the markers for inflammation and breast cancer invasion, which may aid in the design of an appropriate therapy for metastatic breast cancer. The following four inflammatory markers are discussed in this review: (1) Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs); (2) Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); (3) Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P); (4) C-reactive protein (CRP). TAMs are commonly found in breast cancer patients, and high infiltration is positively correlated with poor prognosis and low survival rate. MMPs are well-known for their roles in the degradation of ECM components when cancer cells invade and migrate. MMPs are also associated with inflammation through recruitment of a variety of stromal cells such as fibroblasts and leukocytes. S1P is an inflammatory lipid and is involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and migration. Recent studies indicate that S1P participates in breast cancer invasion in various ways. CRP is used clinically to indicate the outcome of cancer patients as well as acute inflammatory status. This review summarizes the current understanding on the role of S1P in CRP expression which promotes the breast epithelial cell invasion, suggesting a specific mechanism linking inflammation and breast cancer. The present review might be useful for understanding the relationship between inflammation and breast cancer for the development of pharmacological interventions that may control the primary molecules involved in the breast cancer microenvironment.
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18
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Solito S, Pinton L, Damuzzo V, Mandruzzato S. Highlights on molecular mechanisms of MDSC-mediated immune suppression: paving the way for new working hypotheses. Immunol Invest 2013; 41:722-37. [PMID: 23017143 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2012.678023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MDSCs have been recognized in the last years as tolerogenic cells, potentially dangerous in the context of neoplasia, since they are able to induce tolerance to a variety of anti-tumor effectors, including CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. It is currently believed that the origin of MDSCs is due to an arrest of the myeloid differentiation process caused by tumor-secreted factors released in the tumor microenvironment that are able to exert an effect on myeloid progenitors, rendering them unable to terminally differentiate into dendritic cells, granulocytes and macrophages. As a consequence, these immature myeloid cells acquire suppressive activity through the activation of several mechanisms, controlled by different transcription factors. The lack of consensus about the phenotypical characterization of human MDSCs is the result of the existence of different MDSC subsets, most likely depending on the tumor in which they expand and on the tumor specific cytokine cocktail driving their activation. This, in turn, might also influence the mechanisms of MDSC-mediated immune suppression. In this review article we address the role of tumor-derived factors (TDFs) in MDSC-recruitment and activation, discuss the complex heterogeneity of MDSC phenotype and analyze the crosstalk between activated T cells and MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Solito
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology and Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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19
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Ornellas P, Ornellas AA, Chinello C, Gianazza E, Mainini V, Cazzaniga M, Pereira DA, Sandim V, Cypriano AS, Koifman L, Silva PCBD, Alves G, Magni F. Downregulation of C3 and C4A/B complement factor fragments in plasma from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Int Braz J Urol 2012; 38:739-49. [DOI: 10.1590/1677-553820133806739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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20
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Feng PH, Lee KY, Chang YL, Chan YF, Kuo LW, Lin TY, Chung FT, Kuo CS, Yu CT, Lin SM, Wang CH, Chou CL, Huang CD, Kuo HP. CD14(+)S100A9(+) monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and their clinical relevance in non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:1025-36. [PMID: 22955317 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0636oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous family of myeloid cells that suppress T-cell immunity in tumor-bearing hosts. Their clinical relevance remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To identify subtypes of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical relevance. METHODS CD11b(+)CD14(-) and CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells, determined and phenotyped by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of treatment-naive patients with advanced NSCLC were correlated with clinical data. T-cell activation in response to CD3/CD28 costimulation was determined by carboxy-fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining and ELISA analysis of IFN-γ. The percentage of CD11b(+)CD14(+)S100A9(+) cells in PBMCs was correlated with and tested as a predictor for treatment response in a cohort of patients prospectively receiving first-line cisplatin-based chemotherapy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Patients with NSCLC had a significantly higher ratio of CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells than healthy subjects, which was correlated with poor performance status and poor response to chemotherapy. The depletion of these cells in the PBMC reversed the suppression of CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. Isolated CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells suppressed CD8(+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, and the former effect was attenuated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine hydrochloride, arginase inhibitor N-hydroxy-nor-l-arginine (nor-NOHA), and blocking antibodies for IL-4Rα(+) and IL-10. CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells were monocyte-like, expressing CD33(+), CD15(-/low), IL-4Rα(+), and S100A9(+) and producing iNOS, arginase, and several cytokines. The ratio of S100A9(+) cells positively correlated with the suppressive ability of the CD11b(+)CD14(+) cells, was associated with poor response to chemotherapy, and predicted shorter progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS CD14(+)S100A9(+) inflammatory monocytes in patients with NSCLC are a distinct subset of MDSCs, which suppress T cells by arginase, iNOS, and the IL-13/IL-4Rα axis. The amount of these inflammatory monocytes is associated with poor response to chemotherapy. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01204307).
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hao Feng
- Pulmonary Research Center, Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chang Gung University, 199, Tun-Hwa North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Goede V, Coutelle O, Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Holtick U, Neuneier J, Koslowsky TC, Weihrauch MR, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Hacker UT. Analysis of Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Invest 2011; 30:225-30. [PMID: 22171993 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.636114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEM) promote tumor angiogenesis and growth in experimental cancer models. The role of TEM in cancer patients is unknown. We studied TEM in healthy volunteers and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Although TEM were detectable in the blood and tumor lesions of CRC patients, their frequency and functional phenotype showed no correlation with levels of angiopoietin-2 or vascular endothelial growth factor, microvessel density, tumor markers, tumor stage, or outcome of antiangiogenic therapy. These unexpected findings are at odds with murine tumor models and question the diagnostic or therapeutic value of TEM in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Goede
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Cologne, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify whether the dysregulation of CD4 T cells concurs in worsening the outcome of pancreatic cancer, we compared the effects of pancreatic cancer and other gastrointestinal cancer cell-conditioned media on the (1) proliferation, migration, and differentiation of CD4 T cells and (2) expansion of CD4 memory (CD45RO), naive (CD45RA), activated (CD69), and regulatory (CD25) subsets. METHODS After culture of CD4 T cells in control, pancreatic (BxPC3, Capan1, MiaPaCa2), or gastrointestinal cancer (AGS, HepG2, HT29) cell-conditioned media, we evaluated proliferation, migration, interferon γ (IFNγ) production, and CD45RA, CD45RO, CD69, and CD25 membrane expression in control and conditioned CD4 T cells. RESULTS Only pancreatic cancer-conditioned media (1) inhibited CD4 T-cell proliferation (P < 0.001) and migration under human stromal cell-derived factor-α chemotaxis (P < 0.001) and (2) induced CD4 T-cell IFNγ production (P < 0.05) and the expansion of the CD69-positive subset (P < 0.001) with respect to the control, with no changes being found in the CD45RA, CD45RO, and CD25 subsets. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro findings achieved in the present study demonstrate that pancreatic cancer cells inhibit CD4 T-cell proliferation and migration, induce IFNγ production, and favor a CD69 subset expansion, suggesting that CD4 T cells play an important role in pancreatic cancer immune evasion.
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Dolcetti L, Peranzoni E, Bronte V. Measurement of myeloid cell immune suppressive activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 14:Unit 14.17. [PMID: 21053303 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1417s91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This unit presents simple methods to assess the immunosuppressive properties of immunoregulatory cells of myeloid origin, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), both in vitro and in vivo. These methods are general and could be adapted to test the impact of different suppressive populations on T cell activation, proliferation, and cytotoxic activity; moreover they could be useful to assess the influence exerted on immune suppressive pathways by genetic modifications, chemical inhibitors, and drugs.
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Coussens LM, Pollard JW. Leukocytes in mammary development and cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2011; 3:cshperspect.a003285. [PMID: 21123394 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a003285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes, of both the innate and adaptive lineages, are normal cellular components of all tissues. These important cells not only are critical for regulating normal tissue homeostasis, but also are significant paracrine regulators of all physiologic and pathologic tissue repair processes. This article summarizes recent insights regarding the trophic roles of leukocytes at each stage of mammary gland development and during cancer development, with a focus on Murids and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Pathology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
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25
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Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells have been implicated in regulating many of the “hallmarks of cancer” and thus fostering solid tumor development and metastasis. However, the same innate leukocytes also participate in anti-tumor immunity and restraint of malignant disease. While many factors regulate the propensity of myeloid cells to promote or repress cancerous growths, polarized adaptive immune responses by B and T lymphocytes have been identified as regulators of many aspects of myeloid cell biology by specifically regulating their functional capabilities. Here, we detail the diversity of heterogeneous B and T lymphocyte populations and their impacts on solid tumor development through their abilities to regulate myeloid cell function in solid tumors.
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Phenotypic and functional delineation of murine CX(3)CR1 monocyte-derived cells in ovarian cancer. Neoplasia 2009; 11:564-73, 1 p following 573. [PMID: 19484145 DOI: 10.1593/neo.09228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tumor progression is marked by the peritoneal accumulation of leukocytes. Among these leukocytes, an immunosuppressive CD11b(+)CD11c(+) population has been identified in both human and ovarian tumors. The use of transplantable models of murine ovarian tumors has demonstrated that this population promotes ovarian tumor growth, whereas elimination of this population has been shown to inhibit ovarian tumor progression. Despite the demonstrated importance of these cells to ovarian tumor progression, the mechanisms by which these cells are recruited to the peritoneal tumor are largely unknown. Therefore, this study analyzes the mechanisms these cells use to migrate to the peritoneum with the goal of therapeutically blocking their recruitment and subsequent immunosuppressive activity. Recent studies have identified that CX(3)CR1, Gr-1, and CCR2 delineate phenotypic and functional murine monocyte subsets. Here, we report that CX(3)CR1(lo)Gr-1(hi) cells dominate the population of peritoneal CD11b(+) leukocytes early in murine tumor development; however, the CX(3)CR1(hi) population of cells present in the peritoneum dramatically increases in both total numbers and percentage during tumor progression. Functional analyses reveal that both of these CX(3)CR1 subsets are immunosuppressive to naive CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses. Importantly, we demonstrate that CCR2 is a critical functional facilitator of leukocyte recruitment to the ovarian tumor microenvironment, and its genetic deletion results in a reduced tumor burden compared with wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that subsets of immunosuppressive leukocytes are recruited to the ovarian tumor environment through the CCR2 pathway, which offers a viable therapeutic target to inhibit their migration to the tumor site.
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Cui G, Yuan A, Vonen B, Florholmen J. Progressive cellular response in the lamina propria of the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Histopathology 2009; 54:550-60. [PMID: 19413637 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The lamina propria is inevitably involved in epithelial transformation. The aim was to evaluate the dynamic cellular changes in the tumour lamina propria throughout the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. METHODS AND RESULTS Using immunohistochemistry and double immunohistochemistry, we examined lamina propria cellular changes in 41 colorectal adenomas, 25 colorectal cancers and 15 control tissues. The results showed that the proliferation labelling index in lamina propria cells began to increase in the precancerous lesions (adenomas) and became even higher in the colorectal cancers; these proliferative cells were primarily identified as myofibroblasts and lymphocytes. Phenotypic analysis revealed gradually increasing lymphocytic infiltration in both the lamina propria and adenomatous epithelium, as well as myofibroblasts in the lamina propria. However, the intraepithelial macrophage density also showed a tendency to increase gradually. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase-2-expressing cell density and microvessel density gradually increased in the tumour lamina propria throughout the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. CONCLUSIONS Progressive cellular responses in the lamina propria could be involved in the adenoma-carcinoma transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
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Abstract
The immune response to cancer has been long recognized, including both innate and adaptive responses, showing that the immune system can recognize protein products of genetic and epigenetic changes in transformed cells. The accumulation of antigen-specific T cells within the tumor, the draining lymph node, and the circulation, either in newly diagnosed patients or resultant from experimental immunotherapy, proves that tumors produce antigens and that priming occurs. Unfortunately, just as obviously, tumors grow, implying that anti-tumor immune responses are either not sufficiently vigorous to eliminate the cancer or that anti-tumor immunity is suppressed. Both possibilities are supported by current data. In experimental animal models of cancer and also in patients, systemic immunity is usually not dramatically suppressed, because tumor-bearing animals and patients develop T-cell-dependent immune responses to microbes and to either model antigens or experimental cancer vaccines. However, inhibition of specific anti-tumor immunity is common, and several possible explanations of tolerance to tumor antigens or tumor-induced immunesuppression have been proposed. Inhibition of effective anti-tumor immunity results from the tumor or the host response to tumor growth, inhibiting the activation, differentiation, or function of anti-tumor immune cells. As a consequence, anti-tumor T cells cannot respond productively to developmental, targeting, or activation cues. While able to enhance the number and phenotype of anti-tumor T cells, the modest success of immunotherapy has shown the necessity to attempt to reverse tolerance in anti-tumor T cells, and the vanguard of experimental therapy now focuses on vaccination in combination with blockade of immunosuppressive mechanisms. This review discusses several potential mechanisms by which anti-tumor T cells may be inhibited in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan B Frey
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Marigo I, Dolcetti L, Serafini P, Zanovello P, Bronte V. Tumor-induced tolerance and immune suppression by myeloid derived suppressor cells. Immunol Rev 2009; 222:162-79. [PMID: 18364001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 489] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the Achilles' heel of cancer immunotherapies is often the complex interplay of tumor-derived factors and deviant host properties, which involve a wide range of immune elements in the lymphoid and myeloid compartments. Regulatory lymphocytes, tumor-conditioned myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages, and dysfunctional and immature dendritic cells take part in a complex immunoregulatory network. Despite the fact that some mechanisms governing tumor-induced immune tolerance and suppression are starting to be better understood and their complexity dissected, little is known about the diachronic picture of immune tolerance. Based on observations of MDSCs, we present a time-structured and topologically consistent idea of tumor-dependent tolerance progression in tumor-bearing hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Marigo
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Padova University, Padova, Italy, and Venetian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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30
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cell role in tumor-related inflammation. Cancer Lett 2008; 267:216-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Angst E, Reber HA, Hines OJ, Eibl G. Mononuclear cell-derived interleukin-1 beta confers chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells by upregulation of cyclooxygenase-2. Surgery 2008; 144:57-65. [PMID: 18571585 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive malignancy and efficient therapeutic options are still largely lacking. The importance of interactions between tumor cells and surrounding stromal elements, eg, mononuclear cells, for chemoresistance have been increasingly recognized. In addition, cyclooxygenase-2 is thought to be an important mediator of chemoresistance in several malignancies. The aim of this study was to explore the role of mononuclear cells in pancreatic cancer chemoresistance. METHODS Human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cells were differentiated into macrophage-like cells. The effect of U937-conditioned medium on drug-induced pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The contributions of interleukin-1beta and cyclooxygenase-2 were evaluated by specific receptor antagonists and inhibitors. The importance of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathway also was determined. RESULTS U937-conditioned culture medium protected pancreatic cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis. This protective effect was abolished by an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. U937-conditioned medium and interleukin-1beta stimulated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E(2) production in pancreatic cancer cells, which was mediated by activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Transfection of pancreatic cancer cells with cyclooxygenase-2 increased resistance to drug-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Mononuclear cells protect pancreatic cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis in vitro by interleukin-1beta-mediated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and production of prostaglandins. This study highlights the importance of tumor-host interactions in pancreatic cancers and may provide the basis for novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize pancreatic cancers to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Angst
- Hirshberg Laboratories for Pancreatic Cancer Research, CURE, Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Pan PY, Ozao J, Zhou Z, Chen SH. Advancements in immune tolerance. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:91-105. [PMID: 17976856 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to immune tolerance and its potential clinical applications for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases, and the prevention of allo-graft rejection and graft-versus-host diseases. Advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance in various experimental settings and animal models, and in our ability to manipulate the development of various immune tolerogenic cells in vitro and in vivo, have generated significant momentum for the field of cell-based tolerogenic therapy. This review briefly summarizes the major tolerogenic cell populations and their mechanisms of action, while focusing mainly on potential exploitation of their tolerogenic mechanisms for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School od Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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33
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Immune Cells and Inflammatory Mediators as Regulators of Tumor Angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71518-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Murugaiyan G, Martin S, Saha B. CD40-induced countercurrent conduits for tumor escape or elimination? Trends Immunol 2007; 28:467-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bak SP, Walters JJ, Takeya M, Conejo-Garcia JR, Berwin BL. Scavenger receptor-A-targeted leukocyte depletion inhibits peritoneal ovarian tumor progression. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4783-9. [PMID: 17510407 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive leukocytes are emerging as a critical factor in facilitating tumor progression. These leukocytes are converted by the tumor microenvironment to become tolerogenic, facilitate metastasis, and to aid in neovascularization. The predominant variety of suppressive leukocytes found in human and murine ovarian cancer are called vascular leukocytes (VLC), due to sharing functions and cell surface markers of both dendritic cells and endothelial cells. Using the ID8 murine model of ovarian cancer, the aim of this study was to test the efficacy of VLC elimination as an ovarian tumor therapy. We show that carrageenan-mediated depletion of peritoneal tumor-associated leukocytes inhibits ovarian tumor progression. We then identified scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) as a cell surface receptor that is robustly and specifically expressed within human and murine ovarian tumor ascites upon VLCs. Administration of anti-SR-A immunotoxin to mice challenged with peritoneal ID8 tumors eliminated tumor-associated VLCs and, importantly, substantially inhibited peritoneal tumor burden and ascites accumulation. Moreover, the toxin required targeting to SR-A because mice that received untargeted toxin did not exhibit inhibition of tumor progression. We conclude that SR-A constitutes a novel and specific target for efficacious immunotherapeutic treatment of peritoneal ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Bak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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Zamanakou M, Germenis AE, Karanikas V. Tumor immune escape mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Immunol Lett 2007; 111:69-75. [PMID: 17644189 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Amongst the numerous mediators contributing towards the escape of tumors from the host's immune response against them, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has recently attracted special attention. By catabolizing tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine, IDO starves T cells from this important amino acid rendering them incapable of mounting appropriate immune responses. Originally, IDO has been associated to peripheral tolerance and maternal tolerance towards the fetus. The recent identification of IDO-expressing tumor cells has implicated this molecule as a key mediator of the tumor immune escape. Mounting evidence indicates that, within the tumor microenvironment, not only tumor cells but also other infiltrating cells such as dendritic cells, monocytes and others can be sources of IDO. IDO-induced tryptophan depletion from the tumor microenvironment could be the result of either elevated levels of the enzyme or augmented tryptophan consumption by both tumor cells and antigen presenting cells of the host. Beyond the tryptophan depletion, accumulation of its metabolites into the tumor environment seems to also propagate the suppression of anti-tumor immune responses. Finally, evidence emerges indicating that IDO possibly promotes tumor immune escape by inducing an immunoregulatory or an anergic T cell phenotype at a systemic level. In this context, anti-IDO therapeutic approaches are already under investigation, considering 1-methyl-tryptophan, its analogues as well as newly identified chemicals and natural extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zamanakou
- Cancer Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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