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Gambino CM, Agnello L, Vidali M, Lo Sasso B, Mansueto P, Seidita A, Giuliano A, Scazzone C, Massa D, Masucci A, Tamburello M, Vassallo R, Ciaccio AM, Candore G, Carroccio A, Ciaccio M. The role of Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in the genetic susceptibility to non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1814-1823. [PMID: 38639193 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is an emerging clinical condition characterized by gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms following the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in patients without celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy. Despite the great interest for NCWS, the genetic risk factors still need to be fully clarified. In this study, we first assessed the possible contribution of KIR genes and KIR haplotypes on the genetic predisposition to NCWS. METHODS Fifty patients with NCWS, 50 patients with CD, and 50 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. KIR genes and KIR genotyping were investigated in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction with the sequence oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) method using Luminex technology. RESULTS We found a statistically different distribution of some KIR genes among NCWS, CD, and HC. Specifically, NCWS showed a decreased frequency of KIR2DL1, -2DL3, -2DL5, -2DS2, -2DS3, -2DS4, -2DS5, and -3DS1 genes, and an increased frequency of -3DL1 gene respect to both CD and HC. No difference was detected in the KIR haplotype expression. At the multivariate analysis, KIR2DL5, -2DS4, and -2DS5 were independent predictors of NCWS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a role of KIR genes in NCWS susceptibility, with KIR2DL5, -2DS4, and -2DS5 having a protective effect. Further large-scale multicentric studies are required to validate these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine, and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Unit of Internal Medicine, 18998 University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scazzone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Massa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Masucci
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Martina Tamburello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Vassallo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ciaccio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal Medicine, and Specialty Excellence "G. D'Alessandro" (PROMISE), Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Candore
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Laboratory of Immunopathology and Immunosenescence, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine, and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), Unit of Internal Medicine, 18998 University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, 18998 Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
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Ponce GI, Recendiz-Nuñez MÁ, García-Torreros C, Sifuentes-Franco S, Enciso-Vargas M, Rodríguez-Sánchez IP, Huerta-Olvera SG, Graciano-Machuca O. Association between Killer Immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: An updated meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33903. [PMID: 39100457 PMCID: PMC11296034 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have associated members of the KIR genes as susceptibility factors to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Objectives To assess the association between the presence and absence KIR genes and IBD susceptibility through a meta-analysis. Method A systematic search was performed through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to obtain relevant articles published before March 2024. Associations between genes and susceptibility to IBDs were estimated by OR with 95 % CI. Results We found positive associations of the KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS3 genes with susceptibility to UC, while the KIR2DL3 and KIR2DS4 full genes showed a negative association. In addition, the KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, and KIR3DS1 genes showed a positive association with susceptibility to CD, whereas the KIR2DL1 gene showed a negative association. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates that individuals carrying the KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS3 genes exhibit increased susceptibility to UC, whereas carriers of the KIR2DS1, KIR2DS3, KIR2DS4, KIR2DS5, and KIR3DS1 genes are more prone to CD. However, further studies are required to clarify the role of the KIR genes and their corresponding ligands in the pathology of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ángel Recendiz-Nuñez
- Bachelor's Degree in Pharmacobiologist Chemist, La Cienega Campus (CUCiénega), UDG, Ocotlan, 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - César García-Torreros
- Bachelor's Degree in Pharmacobiologist Chemist, La Cienega Campus (CUCiénega), UDG, Ocotlan, 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sonia Sifuentes-Franco
- Clinical Science Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Los Valles Campus (CUValles), University of Guadalajara (UDG), Ameca, 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Irám Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Molecular and Structural Physiology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Nuevo León (UANL), San Nicolas de Los Garza, Nuevo Leon, 66455, Mexico
| | - Selene Guadalupe Huerta-Olvera
- Medical and Life Sciences Department, La Cienega Campus (CUCiénega), University of Guadalajara (UDG), Ocotlan, 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Omar Graciano-Machuca
- Laboratory of Biological Systems, Department of Health Sciences, Los Valles Campus (CUValles), University of Guadalajara (UDG), Ameca, 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
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Kucuksezer UC, Aktas Cetin E, Esen F, Tahrali I, Akdeniz N, Gelmez MY, Deniz G. The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:622306. [PMID: 33717125 PMCID: PMC7947192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.622306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, the large granular lymphocytes differentiated from the common lymphoid progenitors, were discovered in early 1970's. They are members of innate immunity and were initially defined by their strong cytotoxicity against virus-infected cells and by their important effector functions in anti-tumoral immune responses. Nowadays, NK cells are classified among the recently discovered innate lymphoid cell subsets and have capacity to influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, they can be considered as innate immune cells that stands between the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. NK cells don't express T or B cell receptors and are recognized by absence of CD3. There are two major subgroups of NK cells according to their differential expression of CD16 and CD56. While CD16+CD56dim subset is best-known by their cytotoxic functions, CD16-CD56bright NK cell subset produces a bunch of cytokines comparable to CD4+ T helper cell subsets. Another subset of NK cells with production of interleukin (IL)-10 was named as NK regulatory cells, which has suppressive properties and could take part in immune-regulatory responses. Activation of NK cells is determined by a delicate balance of cell-surface receptors that have either activating or inhibitory properties. On the other hand, a variety of cytokines including IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 influence NK cell activity. NK-derived cytokines and their cytotoxic functions through induction of apoptosis take part in regulation of the immune responses and could contribute to the pathogenesis of many immune mediated diseases including ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and type-1 diabetes. Dysregulation of NK cells in autoimmune disorders may occur through multiple mechanisms. Thanks to the rapid developments in biotechnology, progressive research in immunology enables better characterization of cells and their delicate roles in the complex network of immunity. As NK cells stand in between innate and adaptive arms of immunity and "bridge" them, their contribution in inflammation and immune regulation deserves intense investigations. Better understanding of NK-cell biology and their contribution in both exacerbation and regulation of inflammatory disorders is a requisite for possible utilization of these multi-faceted cells in novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Can Kucuksezer
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esin Aktas Cetin
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fehim Esen
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Tahrali
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilgun Akdeniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yusuf Gelmez
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunnur Deniz
- Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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