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Jacquet L, Paucsik M, Guy JB, Eve K, Ben-Taarit I, Lantheaume S. Self-compassion and psychological well-being of radiographers at work. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2287621. [PMID: 38055785 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2287621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess how self-compassion affects the psychological well-being of radiographers at work. METHODS An online survey was sent to radiology and radiotherapy departments in Rhône-Alpes, a region of France (from October 2021 to February 2022). The study is mixed: quantitative data, with closed questions and two validated scales, and qualitative data, with open questions aimed at assessing perceptions among radiologists as regards self-compassion. RESULTS A total of 253 radiographers (mean age 32.9 years), took part in this survey. Radiographers reported a poor level of well-being and a moderate level of self-compassion. We found a link between well-being at work and self-compassion. Gender, age, number of years of experience and the desire to receive training on well-being appear to have an impact on the level of self-compassion. The perception of self-compassion by radiologists is essentially positive. CONCLUSION Particular attention should be paid to radiologists who are female, young, and with only a few years of experience. Self-compassion is a protective factor for radiologists and may help them take care of themselves to continue caring for others. Training related to self-compassion should be promoted in medical imaging departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leïla Jacquet
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Marine Paucsik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
| | | | - Karine Eve
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
| | - Isabelle Ben-Taarit
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
| | - Sophie Lantheaume
- Institut Supérieur Technologique Montplaisir, Valence (Drôme), France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blance, Grenoble (Isère), France
- Ramsay Santé Hôpital Privé Drôme Ardèche, Guilherand-Granges (Ardèche), France
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2
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Lathren CR, Efird-Green L, Reed D, Zimmerman S, Perreira KM, Bluth K, Sloane PD. The Prevalence and Benefits of Self-Compassion Among Professional Caregivers. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:105099. [PMID: 38901466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.105099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-compassion is a healthy way of responding to challenges that may help long-term care professional caregivers (ie, nursing assistants and personal care aides) cope with stress, but its use may vary in important ways. This study explored the relationships between self-compassion and caregiver demographic characteristics, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and job satisfaction in a large racially/ethnically diverse sample of professional caregivers. DESIGN Cross-sectional self-report questionnaire. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 391 professional caregivers, including nursing assistants and personal care aides from 10 nursing homes and 3 assisted living communities in New York, California, and North Carolina. METHODS Professional caregivers were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding stress and coping. Self-compassion was measured using the Self-Compassion for Youth Scale; anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using standardized screeners; and job satisfaction was assessed via an item used in a national survey. Self-compassion scores were represented by total scores and individual subscale scores. Analysis of variance was used to examine differences in self-compassion scores based on demographic characteristics, and correlation coefficients were used to explore relationships between self-compassion and mental health symptoms and job satisfaction. RESULTS Significant differences were found in self-compassion based on age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, and education. In general, older caregivers, caregivers with higher education, and caregivers born outside the United States had the highest self-compassion, whereas White caregivers had the lowest self-compassion. Self-compassion was negatively associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and positively associated with job satisfaction. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Professional caregivers' use of self-compassion to cope with challenges may depend on characteristics and life experiences influenced by their sociocultural background. Given the link between self-compassion and lower mental health symptoms and higher job satisfaction, it may be helpful to design and implement interventions with these differences in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lea Efird-Green
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Reed
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sheryl Zimmerman
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Schools of Social Work and Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Philip D Sloane
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Wason S, Sims C. The experience of self-compassion training among NHS healthcare professionals. J Health Psychol 2024:13591053241267041. [PMID: 39077852 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241267041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion in healthcare professionals (HCPs) is under-researched and undervalued. Promoting self-compassion within healthcare could have far-reaching benefits. This research study explores the experience of four NHS HCPs receiving a single short self-compassion training, with recommended at-home practices completed over 4 weeks. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews gathered information about their experience, resultant wellbeing and any impact on colleagues and patients. The main themes emerging from analysis of the interviews were motivation, permission and prioritisation. The motivation to practise self-compassion, and share this learning resulted from improved understanding of its potential benefits. Permission ties in with the notion of common humanity in self-compassion and its impact on negative self-talk and negative attitudes to self-compassion in a workplace. Prioritisation acknowledges the challenges for HCPs of investing time in self-compassion practice despite overstretched HCP workloads. Further consideration of these themes may help to better target any future research into strategies for enabling self-compassion among HCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wason
- Buckinghamshire New University, UK
- Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
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Benavides-Gil G, Martínez-Zaragoza F, Fernández-Castro J, Sánchez-Pérez A, García-Sierra R. Mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health of frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2024; 13:160. [PMID: 38902795 PMCID: PMC11188518 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) appear to be effective for improving the mental health of healthcare professionals (HCPs). However, the effectiveness of MBIs on extreme psychological trauma caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is largely unknown. The aim of this paper was to systematically review empirical studies of MBIs for HCPs carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate them and their effectiveness in different areas of mental health. METHODS The electronic databases searched were Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO. The date when each database was last searched was September 15, 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs), and non-randomized non-controlled trials (NRNCTs) focused on MBIs for health care staff who were working in healthcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. All of them employed standardized measures of mental health. The review followed the best practices and reported using PRISMA guidelines. A data collection form, adapted from the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, was used to extract and synthesize the results. The methods used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies were the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the ROBINS-I Tool. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included in the systematic review. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was moderate. The results showed the effectiveness of MBIs in improving levels of stress, mindfulness, and mental well-being. However, no conclusive results were found regarding the effectiveness of MBIs in improving the levels of burnout, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and resilience of HCPs. CONCLUSIONS The MBIs for HCPs carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic have mainly contributed to improving stress, mindfulness, and mental well-being at a time of serious health emergency. However, more robust studies at a methodological level would have been desirable. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021267621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Benavides-Gil
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan. Edf. Muhammad Al-Safra, Ctra. Alicante-Valencia, km. 87, 03550, Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche. Edf. Altamira, Avda. de la Universidad, s/n, Elche, Alicante, 03202, Spain.
| | - Jordi Fernández-Castro
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de Bellaterra, Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Alicia Sánchez-Pérez
- Department of Pathology and Surgery, Being + Doing & Becoming Occupational Research Group (B+D+b), Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), University Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan. Edf. Muhammad Al-Safra, Ctra. Alicante-Valencia, km. 87, 03550, Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Sierra
- Unit Metropolitana Nord, Foundation University Institute for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08303, Mataró, Barcelona, Spain
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Grassi L, Nanni MG, Riba M, Folesani F. Dignity in Medicine: Definition, Assessment and Therapy. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:273-293. [PMID: 38809393 PMCID: PMC11147872 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over the last 20 years, dignity and dignity-conserving care have become the center of investigation, in many areas of medicine, including palliative care, oncology, neurology, geriatrics, and psychiatry. We summarized peer-reviewed literature and examined the definition, conceptualization of dignity, potential problems, and suggested interventions. RECENT FINDINGS We performed a review utilizing several databases, including the most relevant studies in full journal articles, investigating the problems of dignity in medicine. It emerged that dignity is a multifactorial construct and that dignity-preserving care should be at the center of the health organization. Dignity should be also regularly assessed through the tools currently available in clinical practice. Among dignity intervention, besides dignity models of care, dignity intervention, such as dignity therapy (DT), life review and reminiscence therapy, have a role in maintaining both the extrinsic (preserved when health care professionals treat the patient with respect, meeting physical and emotional needs, honors the patient's wishes, and makes attempts to maintain privacy and confidentiality) and intrinsic dignity (preserved when the patient has appropriate self-esteem, is able to exercise autonomy and has a sense of hope and meaning). Unified trends across diverse medical contexts highlight the need for a holistic, patient-centered approach in healthcare settings. Challenges compromising dignity are pervasive, underscoring the importance of interventions and systematic efforts to address these issues. Future research and interventions should prioritize the multifaceted nature of dignity, striving to create healthcare environments that foster compassion, respect, and dignity across all medical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Grassi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64°, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Integrated Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Nanni
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64°, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Integrated Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michelle Riba
- Department of Psychiatry, and PsychOncology Program, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Federica Folesani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 64°, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Integrated Department of Mental Health, University Hospital Psychiatry Unit, Ferrara, Italy.
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Examining the Effects of a Brief, Fully Self-Guided Mindfulness Ecological Momentary Intervention on Empathy and Theory-of-Mind for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e54412. [PMID: 38787613 PMCID: PMC11161716 DOI: 10.2196/54412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of brief mindfulness ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) to improve empathy and theory-of-mind has been underinvestigated, particularly in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). OBJECTIVE In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to examine the efficacy of a 14-day, fully self-guided, mindfulness EMI on the empathy and theory-of-mind domains for GAD. METHODS Adults (aged ≥18 y) diagnosed with GAD were randomized to a mindfulness EMI (68/110, 61.8%) or self-monitoring app (42/110, 38.2%) arm. They completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index self-report empathy measure and theory-of-mind test (Bell-Lysaker Emotion Recognition Task) at prerandomization, postintervention, and 1-month follow-up (1MFU) time points. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted with the intent-to-treat principle to determine prerandomization to postintervention (pre-post intervention) and prerandomization to 1MFU (pre-1MFU) changes, comparing the mindfulness EMI to self-monitoring. RESULTS Observed effects were generally stronger from pre-1MFU than from pre-post intervention time points. From pre-post intervention time points, the mindfulness EMI was more efficacious than the self-monitoring app on fantasy (the ability to imagine being in others' shoes; between-intervention effect size: Cohen d=0.26, P=.007; within-intervention effect size: Cohen d=0.22, P=.02 for the mindfulness EMI and Cohen d=-0.16, P=.10 for the self-monitoring app). From pre-1MFU time points, the mindfulness EMI, but not the self-monitoring app, improved theory-of-mind (a window into others' thoughts and intentions through abstract, propositional knowledge about their mental states, encompassing the ability to decipher social cues) and the fantasy, personal distress (stress when witnessing others' negative experiences), and perspective-taking (understanding others' perspective) empathy domains. The effect sizes were small to moderate (Cohen d=0.15-0.36; P<.001 to P=.01) for significant between-intervention effects from pre-1MFU time points. Furthermore, the within-intervention effect sizes for these significant outcomes were stronger for the mindfulness EMI (Cohen d=0.30-0.43; P<.001 to P=.03) than the self-monitoring app (Cohen d=-0.12 to 0.21; P=.001 to P>.99) from pre-1MFU time points. No between-intervention and within-intervention effects on empathic concern (feeling affection, compassion, and care when observing others in distress, primarily attending to their emotional well-being) were observed from pre-post intervention and pre-1MFU time points. CONCLUSIONS The brief mindfulness EMI improved specific domains of empathy (eg, fantasy, personal distress, and perspective-taking) and theory-of-mind with small to moderate effect sizes in persons with GAD. Higher-intensity, self-guided or coach-facilitated, multicomponent mindfulness EMIs targeting the optimization of social relationships are likely necessary to improve the empathic concern domain in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04846777; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04846777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Bernabei L, Silvestrini C, Grimaldi LA, Piserchia V, Riggio F, Marino G, Valente D, Pompili E. Psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale (iQES) within the Italian cultural context. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348965. [PMID: 38784627 PMCID: PMC11112566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quiet ego indicates a more compassionate conception of self-identity that integrates others into the self by lowering the intensity of the ego and enhancing the awareness of the present moment. The Quiet Ego Scale (QES) is a 14-item self-report measure of quiet ego, and it is composed of the following four psychological domains: detached awareness, inclusive identity, perspective taking, and growth. The present study aimed to test the psychometric properties of the Quiet Ego Scale within the Italian cultural context (iQES). Methods A total of 160 Italian university students aged between 20 and 42 years, with a mean age of 22.85 years (SD = 3.41), completed the measures of the iQES and of other psychological dimensions. The psychometrics properties of iQES were assessed based on its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity through comparisons with other correlated psychological measures. Results Analyses confirmed the psychometrics properties of iQES. As in previous studies, the quiet ego was positively associated with the indicators of resilience (p < 0.01), happiness (p < 0.05), self-esteem (p < 0.01), and psychological wellbeing (p < 0.01). Discussion The study discussed the possible uses of the iQES in the field of mental health, specifically focusing on improving adherence to psychological therapies and enhancing psychological and social well-being. The results indicated strong psychometric properties of the iQES in measuring the quiet ego construct. Our findings enrich the literature on the validity of the iQES and highlight the multidimensional nature of the quiet ego construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bernabei
- Human Neuroscience Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Colleferro, Italy
| | - Cristiana Silvestrini
- Mental Health Centre Tivoli, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Tivoli, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Piserchia
- Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Colleferro, Italy
| | - Francesco Riggio
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Colleferro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marino
- Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Colleferro, Italy
| | - Donatella Valente
- Human Neuroscience Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Pompili
- Human Neuroscience Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Department and Addiction, Azienda Sanitaria Locale Roma 5, Colleferro, Italy
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Mäkinen M, Jaakonsalo E, Saarivainio R, Koskiniemi J, Renholm M. The effects of mindfulness training for emergency department and intermediate care unit nurses. Appl Nurs Res 2024; 76:151770. [PMID: 38641379 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2024.151770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mindfulness and self-compassion skills on the experienced stress and work satisfaction of emergency department (ED) and intermediate care unit employees. METHODS All ED and intermediate care unit employees in the study hospital were invited to participate in an introductory lecture about mindfulness, compassion, and the intervention in January 2020. After the lecture, it was possible to enroll in training. This training was postponed due to Covid-19 and started in October 2020. RESULTS The most important findings of this study are that instructor-led mindfulness training, and the regular use of a smartphone mindfulness application can significantly reduce stress and burnout and promote mindfulness and well-being of ED and intermediate care unit personnel. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that compact mindfulness training via innovative digital technology has a positive effect in reducing ED and intermediate care unit employees stress and burnout, while improving mindfulness and well-being, and this is consistent with the wider literature. KEY FINDINGS The regular practice of smartphone-guided mindfulness can reduce stress and burnout, as well as promote mindfulness and well-being among ED and intermediate care unit employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Mäkinen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Reetta Saarivainio
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Koskiniemi
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Renholm
- Management of the Joint Authority, Nursing Management, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Elliott M, Khallouf C, Hirsch J, de Camps Meschino D, Zamir O, Ravitz P. Novel Web-Based Drop-In Mindfulness Sessions (Pause-4-Providers) to Enhance Well-Being Among Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Descriptive and Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e43875. [PMID: 38180869 PMCID: PMC10941832 DOI: 10.2196/43875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic exerted extraordinary pressure on health care workers (HCWs), imperiling their well-being and mental health. In response to the urgent demand to provide barrier-free support for the health care workforce, Pause-4-Providers implemented 30-minute live web-based drop-in mindfulness sessions for HCWs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the use, feasibility, satisfaction, and acceptability of a novel mindfulness program aimed at enhancing the well-being of HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Accrual for the study continued throughout the first 3 pandemic waves, and attendees of ≥1 session were invited to participate. The evaluation framework included descriptive characteristics, including participant demographics, resilience at work, and single-item burnout scores; feedback questionnaires on reasons attended, benefits, and satisfaction; qualitative interviews to further understand participant experience, satisfaction, benefits, enablers, and barriers; and the number of participants in each session summarized according to the pandemic wave. RESULTS We collected descriptive statistics from 50 consenting HCWs. Approximately half of the participants (24/50, 48%) attended >1 session. The study participants were predominantly female individuals (40/50, 80%) and comprised physicians (17/50, 34%), nurses (9/50, 18%), and other HCWs (24/50, 48%), who were largely from Ontario (41/50, 82%). Of 50 attendees, 26 (52%) endorsed feeling burned out. The highest attendance was in May 2020 and January 2021, corresponding to the first and second pandemic waves. The participants endorsed high levels of satisfaction (43/47, 92%). The most cited reasons for attending the program were to relax (38/48, 79%), manage stress or anxiety (36/48, 75%), wish for loving kindness or self-compassion (30/48, 64%), learn mindfulness (30/48, 64%), and seek help with emotional reactivity (25/48, 53%). Qualitative interviews with 15 out of 50 (30%) participants identified positive personal and professional impacts. Personal impacts revealed that participation helped HCWs to relax, manage stress, care for themselves, sleep better, reduce isolation, and feel recognized. Professional impacts included having a toolbox of mindfulness techniques, using mindfulness moments, and being calmer at work. Some participants noted that they shared techniques with their colleagues. The reported barriers included participants' needing time to prioritize themselves, fatigue, forgetting to apply skills on the job, and finding a private place to participate. CONCLUSIONS The Pause-4-Providers participants reported that the web-based groups were accessible; appreciated the format, content, and faculty; and had high levels of satisfaction with the program. Both novel format (eg, drop-in, live, web-based, anonymous, brief, and shared activity with other HCWs) and content (eg, themed mindfulness practices including micropractices, with workplace applications) were enablers to participation. This study of HCW support sessions was limited by the low number of consenting participants and the rolling enrollment project design; however, the findings suggest that a drop-in web-based mindfulness program has the potential to support the well-being of HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Elliott
- Department of Supportive Care, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Camille Khallouf
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hirsch
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Diane de Camps Meschino
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Orit Zamir
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paula Ravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Schwartz M, Berkowitz J, McCann-Pineo M. Understanding the Role of Empathy and Gender on EMS Clinician Occupational Stress and Mental Health Outcomes. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2024; 28:635-645. [PMID: 38359401 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2024.2319139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency Medical Service (EMS) clinicians experience high levels of occupational stress due to long hours, short staffing, and patient deaths, among other factors. While gender has been partially examined, little is known regarding the role of empathy on occupational stress and mental health (MH) outcomes among EMS clinicians. Therefore, the current study examines the moderating role of empathy and, separately, gender on associations between occupational stress and mental health. METHODS A cross-sectional examination of EMS clinician occupational and personal wellbeing was conducted via an anonymous, electronic survey. Information on clinician demographics, and validated measures of occupational stress, burnout, and MH outcomes were collected. Empathy was assessed using the Toronto Empathy Scale (TEQ). Descriptive/bivariate statistics were conducted for variables of interest. Separate multivariable regression models evaluated associations between occupational stress and mental health outcomes. Empathy and gender were examined as potential moderators using interactions. RESULTS A total of 568 EMS clinicians completed the survey. High levels of mental health difficulties were reported (34.0% anxiety, 29.2% depression, 48.6% burnout). Increased occupational stress was associated with increased anxiety (OR =1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.10), depression (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06-1.10), and burnout (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.12). No moderation analyses were significant. Greater resilience was associated with lower depression, anxiety, and burnout. CONCLUSION EMS clinicians, much like other first responders, experience considerable occupational stress, of which is associated with mental health difficulties and burnout. Findings underscore the need for intervention programs aimed at reducing the impact of occupational stress and the promotion of resilience. Continuing to understand the full scope of EMS mental health, including the role of resilience, is imperative, particularly in light of future public emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Berkowitz
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Molly McCann-Pineo
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northshore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York, USA
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11
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Linetsky I, Grinberg K, Granot M. The role of self-criticism and self-compassion in the development of PTSD among midwives. Midwifery 2024; 130:103932. [PMID: 38271789 DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2024.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthcare providers might develop emotional distress following direct and indirect exposure to traumatic events. Evidence shows that midwives, who care for women in complicated situations, are often exposed to circumstances that have a potential to lead to a variety of psychological reactions, including symptoms identified with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nevertheless, the positive-healthy context in which childbirth is mainly perceived raises questions regarding the protective role of personality traits, which are related to processing methods of stress and pain, in the development of PTSD among this unique population. This study aimed to explore the associations between traits such as self-compassion, self-criticism, resilience, cognitive thinking, and pain catastrophizing and PTSD symptoms among Israeli midwives. SETTING Using a quantitative cross-sectional study,123 midwives from ten hospitals in Israel anonymously reported their characteristics and severity of stress and/or PTSD symptoms by filling out the Psychopathy Checklist questionnaire. Analysis of personality traits was performed via the following questionnaires: Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form, Depressive Experiences Questionnaire - Self Criticism, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Additionally, we measured the level of catastrophizing pain by employing the Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaire. FINDINGS Most of the midwives reported existing post-trauma symptoms, among them 11.38% had been diagnosed with PTSD. Severity of the PTSD correlated with their self-criticism and the pain catastrophizing rates. Additional examination of the involvement of personality traits showed that midwives with high self-criticism, low mental resilience, besides a high rate of pain catastrophizing, were more vulnerable to developing PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The findings can help to refine the understanding regarding the involvement of midwives' personality characteristics in the process of PTSD onset. Vulnerable midwives have been identified as those at risk to develop PTSD symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The clinical significance of these insights is to promote the ability to identify midwives who are at risk to develop PTSD. Furthermore, this information might help to produce training programs and a support network to empower self-compassion and mental resilience, and to minimize self-criticism in order establish a support network, which would help to deal with the difficult experiences they face at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Linetsky
- Nursing Sciences Department, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek- Hefer 402500, Israel
| | - Keren Grinberg
- Head of Nursing Sciences Department, Faculty of Social and Community Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek- Hefer 402500, Israel.
| | - Michal Granot
- Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, Mount Carmel, University of Haifa, Haifa 31905, Israel
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12
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Javvaji CK, Reddy H, Vagha JD, Taksande A, Kommareddy A, Reddy NS. Immersive Innovations: Exploring the Diverse Applications of Virtual Reality (VR) in Healthcare. Cureus 2024; 16:e56137. [PMID: 38618363 PMCID: PMC11016331 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has experienced a remarkable evolution over recent decades, evolving from its initial applications in specific military domains to becoming a ubiquitous and easily accessible technology. This thorough review delves into the intricate domain of VR within healthcare, seeking to offer a comprehensive understanding of its historical evolution, theoretical foundations, and current adoption status. The examination explores the advantages of VR in enhancing the educational experience for medical students, with a particular focus on skill acquisition and retention. Within this exploration, the review dissects the applications of VR across diverse medical disciplines, highlighting its role in surgical training and anatomy/physiology education. While navigating the expansive landscape of VR, the review addresses challenges related to technology and pedagogy, providing insights into overcoming technical hurdles and seamlessly integrating VR into healthcare practices. Additionally, the review looks ahead to future directions and emerging trends, examining the potential impact of technological advancements and innovative applications in healthcare. This review illuminates the transformative potential of VR as a tool poised to revolutionize healthcare practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya Kumar Javvaji
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Harshitha Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jayant D Vagha
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amar Taksande
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anirudh Kommareddy
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Naramreddy Sudheesh Reddy
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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13
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Ramos‐Vidal I, Ruíz É. The role of self-compassion and compassion toward others in burnout syndrome in a sample of medical students. Psych J 2024; 13:113-123. [PMID: 37905913 PMCID: PMC10917092 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Burnout produces negative effects on academic performance, and, in turn, feelings of inefficiency that are detrimental to students' psychosocial well-being. The aim of this research is to determine the effects that self-compassion and compassion toward others have on various burnout dimensions in a sample of medical students. A total of 235 medical students (61.7% women) aged between 16 and 32 years old (M = 19.82; SD = 2.37) belonging to a Colombian university participated. A cluster analysis to segment the population according to burnout was carried out along with nonparametric contrasts to identify differences in the levels of self-compassion and compassion toward others between each profile. A series of regression analyses was designed to find out how each type of compassion was associated with burnout on each profile. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify three profiles. The low-involvement profile (n = 51) is characterized by low depersonalization, intermediate levels of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment and exhibits low levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The positive-adaptation profile (n = 104) is characterized by low depersonalization levels, intermediate degrees of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits the highest levels of self-compassion and compassion fatigue compared with the other profiles. The high-demand profile (n = 104) is characterized by intermediate depersonalization levels, medium-high levels of emotional exhaustion and high levels of personal accomplishment and exhibits intermediate levels of self-compassion and low levels of compassion fatigue. Establishing profiles based on burnout allows students to be segmented and for precise knowledge to be acquired about the effects that both types of compassion have on the dimensions of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ramos‐Vidal
- Departamento de Psicología SocialUniversidad de Sevilla, Facultad de PsicologíaSevillaSpain
| | - Érika Ruíz
- Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Pontificia BolivarianaMonteriaColombia
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14
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Bhagat PR, Trivedi KY, Prajapati KM, Chauhan AS, Shah NP, Shah RT, Kathiara RA, Asari WA, Rajput V. Nurturing Empathy through Arts, Literature, and Role Play for Postgraduate Trainees of Ophthalmology. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2024; 14:42-47. [PMID: 38504843 PMCID: PMC10947765 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_454_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Empathy is essential in patient-centered compassionate health care. Lack of formal training, workload, patient factors, and digitalization have been attributed to its regression. Empathy can be nurtured by educational interventions. A structured empathy education module for postgraduate trainees is not available in India. The aim for this research was to develop, deliver, and evaluate one for ophthalmology postgraduate trainees. Methodology This interventional study was conducted in the tertiary ophthalmology department of Western India during 2022-2023. Four workshops comprising of interactive lectures, literature, creative arts, and role plays were delivered with trained facilitators. Data from surveys for trainee self-assessment, patient perception of trainee empathy, pre-post knowledge test, and trainee and facilitator feedback were collected and analyzed. Results Seventy-nine ophthalmology postgraduate trainees participated in this intervention. Excessive workload and lack of training were shared as the barriers to empathetic care. Trainees showed improved knowledge, skills, and attitude in empathy after the workshops. The facilitators and trainees were satisfied with the learning goals, execution, utility, feasibility, and relevance of the workshops. Ninety-three percent trainees want this module to be a part of postgraduate curriculum. Conclusion This study substantiates the use of structured interactive training for cultivating empathy in postgraduate trainees. Barriers against empathy were identified and can be mitigated by restorative measures. Literature, arts, and role plays are the effective education tools for empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purvi R. Bhagat
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kinjal Y. Trivedi
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamini M. Prajapati
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhishek S. Chauhan
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeharika Pinakin Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rupal T. Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ravija A. Kathiara
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Wilhemina A. Asari
- Department of Ophthalmology, M and J Western Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Rajput
- Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Florida, United States
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15
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Kennard A. The Gifts of Introversion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Obstet Gynecol 2023; 142:1252-1254. [PMID: 37562023 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000005311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kennard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marian Regional Medical Center, Santa Maria, California
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16
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Kirykowicz K, Jaworski B, Owen J, Kirschbaum C, Seedat S, van den Heuvel LL. Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a mental health self-management app in clinicians working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry Res 2023; 329:115493. [PMID: 37778231 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) globally. Mental health app interventions (MHAIs) may offer appropriate and accessible means to support HCWs' mental health. We conducted a pilot randomised controlled crossover trial involving 34 clinicians randomised to either a MHAI or a waitlisted group. After one month, outcome assessments were repeated and the waitlisted group then crossed over to the MHAI; they again completed outcome assessments after a month. The primary outcomes were feasibility, assessed with the Systems Usability Scale (SUS), and acceptability, assessed with the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ). Secondary outcomes included efficacy for various mental health parameters. The SUS and CSQ scores indicated above average feasibility and acceptability. There was a significant difference in anxiety from baseline to 1-month follow-up between the groups, with greater improvement in the MHAI group. The groups differed in resilience and patient-related burnout from baseline to 1-month follow-up, with a trend towards significance, with greater improvements in the MHAI group. Anxiety and acute stress disorder severity improved significantly from pre- to post-intervention. We demonstrated that MHAIs hold potential for improving well-being of HCWs, although these findings will need to be replicated in adequately powered trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Kirykowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
| | - Beth Jaworski
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Jason Owen
- The United States (US) Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System; NCPTSD - 334; 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States
| | - Clemens Kirschbaum
- Biological Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden D - 01062, Germany
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Luella van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
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17
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Pittara M, Matsangidou M, Pattichis CS. Virtual Reality for Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Comprehensive Review. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2023; 10:e47114. [PMID: 37782529 PMCID: PMC10580136 DOI: 10.2196/47114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation is a vital component of comprehensive care for patients with respiratory conditions, such as lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and those recovering from respiratory diseases like COVID-19. It aims to enhance patients' functional ability and quality of life, and reduce symptoms, such as stress, anxiety, and chronic pain. Virtual reality is a novel technology that offers new opportunities for customized implementation and self-control of pulmonary rehabilitation through patient engagement. OBJECTIVE This review focused on all types of virtual reality technologies (nonimmersive, semi-immersive, and fully immersive) that witnessed significant development and were released in the field of pulmonary rehabilitation, including breathing exercises, biofeedback systems, virtual environments for exercise, and educational models. METHODS The review screened 7 electronic libraries from 2010 to 2023. The libraries were ACM Digital Library, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, PubMed, Sage, and ScienceDirect. Thematic analysis was used as an additional methodology to classify our findings based on themes. The themes were virtual reality training, interaction, types of virtual environments, effectiveness, feasibility, design strategies, limitations, and future directions. RESULTS A total of 2319 articles were identified, and after a detailed screening process, 32 studies were reviewed. Based on the findings of all the studies that were reviewed (29 with a positive label and 3 with a neutral label), virtual reality can be an effective solution for pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and in individuals and children who are dealing with mental health-related disorders, such as anxiety. The outcomes indicated that virtual reality is a reliable and feasible solution for pulmonary rehabilitation. Interventions can provide immersive experiences to patients and offer tailored and engaging rehabilitation that promotes improved functional outcomes of pulmonary rehabilitation, breathing body awareness, and relaxation breathing techniques. CONCLUSIONS The identified studies on virtual reality in pulmonary rehabilitation showed that virtual reality holds great promise for improving the outcomes and experiences of patients. The immersive and interactive nature of virtual reality interventions offers a new dimension to traditional rehabilitation approaches, providing personalized exercises and addressing psychological well-being. However, additional research is needed to establish standardized protocols, identify the most effective strategies, and evaluate long-term benefits. As virtual reality technology continues to advance, it has the potential to revolutionize pulmonary rehabilitation and significantly improve the lives of patients with chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melpo Pittara
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Constantinos S Pattichis
- Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Biomedical Engineering Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- HealthXR Smart, Ubiquitous, and Participatory Technologies for Healthcare Innovation, CYENS-Centre of Excellence, Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Gan R, Wei Y, Sun L, Zhang L, Wang J, Zhu T, Chen S, Xue J. Age and sex-specific differences of mindfulness traits with measurement invariance controlled in Chinese adult population: A pilot study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19608. [PMID: 37810161 PMCID: PMC10558855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the relationships of age and sex with mindfulness traits among Chinese adults with controlling for measurement invariance. Methods A total of 1777 participants completing the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire were included for analysis. Their age and sex information were also collected. Descriptive analysis, Pearson's Chi-Square test and analysis of variance were performed to test the age- and sex-specific differences, measurement invariance was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Excellent data fit to the model indicated configural, metric, and scalar invariance across age and sex. Participants aged 60 or above scored significantly higher in dimensions of acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, nonreactivity to inner experience, and the total scores than younger individuals, who had higher scores in the observing domain. In addition, females scored higher in describing and observing than males, while the latter had higher score in nonreactivity to inner experience. Conclusions The Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Mindfulness showed acceptable measurement invariance across age and sex in Chinese adult population. The old and the young differs in the traits of awareness, observing, nonjudging of inner experience, nonreactivity to inner experience and the total mindfulness level, while males and females varied in describing, observing and nonreactivity to inner experience. Individual differences should be considered and well addressed in future studies on mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Gan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wei
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Limin Sun
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liuyi Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingfei Zhu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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19
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Archer E, Govender L, Meyer R, Nadkar AA, Smit L. Praxis-Informed Pointers: A Student Guide for Optimizing Clinical Learning in a Resource-Constrained Setting. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2023:1-7. [PMID: 37553839 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2237480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Issue: Health professions education (HPE) is intimately linked with teaching and learning in the clinical environment. While the value of authentic clinical experiences is acknowledged, whether learning actually occurs is to a large extent dependent on students' behaviors and attitudes. The kinds of student behaviors and attitudes that are necessary to optimize learning in the clinical environment thus becomes relevant. Evidence: Tips and recommendations to maximize clinical learning in a variety of settings have been well documented. There is, however, a dearth of literature which takes a narrative-based praxis approach focused on resource-constrained environments. We developed this praxis-orientated article as a means to translate the available literature and theory into a simple, practical guide, focused on optimizing clinical learning from a student perspective, remaining cognizant of the particular challenges present in a resource-constrained setting. Implications: Based on the resource-constrained environments our students are exposed to, we outline the following six key aspects: student-driven learning, integration into the community of practice, student engagement, empathy, interprofessional learning opportunities, and feedback for learning. These aspects provide useful pointers for students in general. Furthermore, exploration into what strategies students may utilize in resource-constrained clinical contexts is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Archer
- Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - L Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Meyer
- Centre for Health Professions Education, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - A A Nadkar
- Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa
- MBChB Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - L Smit
- Tygerberg Hospital, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Knox MC, Franco PL. Acceptability and feasibility of an online version of the Self-Compassion for Healthcare Communities program. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1709-1719. [PMID: 35774000 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2094428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Self-compassion, a way of relating to oneself like a good friend, may be an essential skill for healthcare professionals to develop in order to cope with the stressors of their job and avoid burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and other mental health problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined the acceptability and feasibility of an online version of the 6-session Self-Compassion for Healthcare Communities program (SCHC) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Similar to in-person studies of the program, participants (n = 37) reported significant increases in self-compassion and mindfulness, and significant decreases in burnout, secondary traumatic stress, depression, and stress from pre to post intervention. Number of sessions attended predicted gains in self-compassion and increases in self-compassion predicted changes in mindfulness, secondary traumatic stress, burnout, depression, and resilience decompression. Online programs such as SCHC may be an accessible way to support healthcare professionals' mental health even after the pandemic is over.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe Long Franco
- Center for Resiliency, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
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21
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Rojas B, Catalan E, Diez G, Roca P. A compassion-based program to reduce psychological distress in medical students: A pilot randomized clinical trial. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287388. [PMID: 37352295 PMCID: PMC10289411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physicians and medical students are subject to higher levels of psychological distress than the general population. These challenges have a negative impact in medical practice, leading to uncompassionate care. This pilot study aims to examine the feasibility of Compassion Cultivation Training (CCT) to reduce psychological distress and improve the well-being of medical students. We hypothesize that the CCT program, as compared to a waitlist control group, will reduce psychological distress (i.e., stress, anxiety, and depression) and burnout symptoms, while improving compassion, empathy, mindfulness, resilience, psychological well-being, and emotion-regulation strategies after the intervention. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these improvements will be maintained at a two-month follow-up. METHODS Medical students were randomly assigned to an 8-week CCT or a Waitlist control group (WL). They completed self-report assessments at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and a 2-month follow-up. The outcomes measured were compassion, empathy, mindfulness, well-being, resilience, emotional regulation, psychological distress, burnout, and COVID-19 concern. Mixed-effects models and Reliable Change Index were computed. RESULTS Compared with WL, CCT showed significant improvements in self-compassion, mindfulness, and emotion regulation, as well as a significant decrease in stress, anxiety, and emotional exhaustion component of burnout. Furthermore, some of these effects persisted at follow-up. No adverse effects of meditation practices were found. CONCLUSIONS CCT enhanced compassion skills while reducing psychological distress in medical students, this being critical to preserving the mental health of physicians while promoting compassionate care for patients. The need for institutions to include this type of training is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Rojas
- Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Catalan
- Medical School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Gustavo Diez
- Nirakara Lab, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Roca
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Villanueva, Madrid, Spain
- Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
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Sawyer AT, Tao H, Bailey AK. The Impact of a Psychoeducational Group Program on the Mental Well-Being of Unit-Based Nurse Leaders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6035. [PMID: 37297639 PMCID: PMC10252280 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial examined the impact of a psychoeducational group program on the mental well-being of unit-based nurse leaders, specifically nurse managers and assistant nurse managers. The program was developed around the themes of resilience, insight, self-compassion, and empowerment to fight burnout and enhance purposeful adaptive coping to reduce distress and improve mental wellbeing. The sample included 77 unit-based nurse leaders. Outcomes included post-traumatic growth, resilience, insight, self-compassion, empowerment, perceived stress, burnout, and job satisfaction. Paired samples t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA tests were conducted to compare outcomes at baseline to the follow-up timepoints of endpoint, one-month follow-up, three-month follow-up, and six-month follow-up. The intervention group participants showed significant improvement in post-traumatic growth between baseline and all follow-up timepoints compared to the waitlist control group. Among intervention group participants, there were also significant improvements in self-reflection and insight, self-compassion, psychological empowerment, and compassion satisfaction, as well as significant reductions in perceived stress, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. This study extends existing evidence that this psychoeducational group program can be an effective intervention for improving and protecting mental wellbeing. Among nurse leaders, it can reduce stress and burnout and improve post-traumatic growth, self-reflection and insight, self-compassion, psychological empowerment, and compassion satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Sawyer
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL 32803, USA; (H.T.); (A.K.B.)
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Harris SL, Sawyer AT, Tao H, Bailey AK. A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study of a Well-Being Intervention for Healthcare Chaplains. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2023; 77:101-112. [PMID: 36591899 DOI: 10.1177/15423050221146510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This mixed-methods pilot study explored the psychological and emotional experiences of chaplains and the feasibility, acceptability, and impact of workshops designed to support chaplain well-being. After the workshops, scores on a measure of self-compassion increased, while secondary traumatic stress and burnout scores decreased. Qualitative data reflected the range of experiences of chaplaincy as well as the benefits of the workshops. This pilot study supports further exploration of organizational interventions to promote chaplain well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Tao
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
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24
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Lautwein F, Schallenburger M, Scherg A, Schlieper D, Karger A, Regel YU, Schwartz J, Neukirchen M. Mindfulness and compassion training on daily work with patients and within the multiprofessional palliative care team: a retrospective self-assessment study. BMC Palliat Care 2023; 22:37. [PMID: 37032372 PMCID: PMC10084609 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-023-01158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care teams work under challenging conditions in a sensitive setting with difficult tasks. The multi-professional team can play an important role. Mindfulness and compassion-based practices are used to build resilience. Our aim was to examine (1) feasibility and acceptability, (2) satisfaction and impact, and (3) opportunities and limitations of a mindfulness course. METHODS An eight-week mindfulness and compassion course was delivered in a university-based specialized palliative care unit. A meditation teacher provided preparatory evening sessions and meditation exercises that could be integrated into daily activities. The scientific analysis of the course was based on a questionnaire developed for quality assessmentThe first two parts consisted of demographic, Likert-type, and free-text items. Part 3 consisted of learning objectives that were self-assessed after finishing the course (post-then). In the analysis, we used descriptive statistics, qualitative content analysis, and comparative self-assessment. RESULTS Twenty four employees participated. 58% of participants attended 4 or more of the 7 voluntary mindfulness days. 91% expressed moderate to high satisfaction and would recommend the palliative care program to others. Three main categories emerged in the qualitative content analysis: providing feedback on the course, personal impact, and impact on professional life. The opportunity for self-care in a professional context was highlighted. Learning gains (CSA Gain) were high (38.5-49.4%) in terms of knowledge and techniques, moderate (26.2-34.5%) in terms of implementation of learned skills, and rather low (12.7-24.6%) in terms of changes to attitude. CONCLUSION Our evaluation shows that the participants of a mindfulness and compassion course considered it as a feasible and welcome tool to familiarize a multi-professional palliative care team with self-care techniques. TRIAL REGISTRATION Internal Clinical Trial Register of the Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, No. 2018074763 (registered retrospectively on 30th July 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lautwein
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cusanus Krankenhaus, Karl-Binz-Weg 12, 54470, Bernkastel-Kues, Germany
| | - Manuela Schallenburger
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Scherg
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Klinikum Links Der Weser, Senator-Weßling-Straße 1, 28277, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schlieper
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Karger
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jacqueline Schwartz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Martin Neukirchen
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Baminiwatta A, Alahakoon H, Herath NC, Kodithuwakku KM, Nanayakkara T. Trait Mindfulness, Compassion, and Stigma Towards Patients with Mental Illness: A Study Among Nurses in Sri Lanka. Mindfulness (N Y) 2023; 14:979-991. [PMID: 37090854 PMCID: PMC10031165 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-023-02108-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Stigma towards persons with mental illness is widespread. Mindfulness may protect against stigma by cultivating accepting attitudes, non-reactivity, and prosocial emotions. This study aimed to assess whether higher trait mindfulness among nurses was linked to lower stigma towards psychiatric patients, and whether compassion mediated this relationship. Method In this cross-sectional study among nurses in four tertiary care hospitals in Sri Lanka, stigma towards psychiatric patients was assessed using the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-9), which assesses nine separate domains of stigma. The 20-item Six-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and the 5-item Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale were used to assess mindfulness and compassion, respectively. Correlations among these variables were explored. Mediation analyses were performed. Results A total of 405 nurses (90.6% female, mean age = 39.6 years) participated in the study. Those with higher trait mindfulness were more likely to believe they would help a person with mental illness, and less likely to believe a person with mental illness should be avoided or segregated from the society. Compassion was inversely correlated with avoidance and anger, and positively correlated with pity, helping, and coercion domains. Trait mindfulness was positively correlated with compassion. Mediation models revealed that compassion partially mediated the effects of trait mindfulness on helping and avoidance. Facet-level analyses revealed significant effects of describing, non-reactivity, and observing on several stigma domains mediated through compassion. Conclusions Trait mindfulness among nurses appears to have a direct buffering effect against several domains of stigma towards psychiatric patients and significant indirect effects through compassion, albeit with small effect sizes. Preregistration This study is not pre-registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Namal C. Herath
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
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Abstract
Self-compassion refers to being supportive toward oneself when experiencing suffering or pain-be it caused by personal mistakes and inadequacies or external life challenges. This review presents my theoretical model of self-compassion as comprised of six different elements: increased self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness as well as reduced self-judgment, isolation, and overidentification. It discusses the methodology of self-compassion research and reviews the increasingly large number of empirical studies that indicate self-compassion is a productive way of approaching distressing thoughts and emotions that engenders mental and physical well-being. It also reviews research that dispels common myths about self-compassion (e.g., that it is weak, selfish, self-indulgent or undermines motivation). Interventions designed to increase self-compassion, such as compassion-focused therapy and mindful self-compassion, are discussed. Finally, the review considers problematic issues in the field, such as the differential effects fallacy, and considers limitations and future research directions in the field of self-compassion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Neff
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
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27
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Brun C, Akinyemi A, Houtin L, Mizzi C, Cardoso T, Isnard Bagnis C. Mindfulness and compassion training for health professionals: A qualitative study. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1113453. [PMID: 36710842 PMCID: PMC9878613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1113453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compassion is a key component of quality care. Encouraging Health Care Professionals (HCPs) to develop a patient-centered care relationship through mindfulness and compassion training may be beneficial for both patients and HCPs. Method We assessed the impact of a compassion-centered mindfulness program [i.e., the Mindfulness Based (MB) CARE program] on healthcare practice conducting 10 phone interviews with HCPs who experienced the program. Results The training had an overall positive impact on the HCPs ability to feel compassion toward their patients and themselves, helped them develop kindness toward themselves and their patients, and enhanced their attention to their patient's needs and theirs. Participants were better able to accept the difficult work experiences or those their patients experienced, with more perceived equanimity and less reactivity. Conclusion Professional mindfulness and compassion training programs could be operational levers for institutions aiming at fostering more compassionate HCPs-patients relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Brun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG UMR CNRS, ThEMAS Team, La Tronche, France,*Correspondence: Clémence Brun,
| | - Alexis Akinyemi
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
| | - Laurène Houtin
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Nanterre, France
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28
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Powers CR, Snipes GE, Harbin KB, Fischer A, Anderson N, Cheng K, Ford-Scales K, Siefert BC. Integration of the Verbatim Exercise into a Hospice and Palliative Medicine Fellowship. Palliat Med Rep 2023; 4:133-138. [PMID: 37180053 PMCID: PMC10171960 DOI: 10.1089/pmr.2022.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the more challenging aspects of specialty level training in any medical fellowship is learning to communicate mindfully and effectively with patients and families in the face of serious illness. For the past five years, our accredited Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) fellowship program has been integrating the "verbatim"-an exercise with a long and integral history in the training of health care chaplains. Verbatims are word-for-word accounts of a clinician's encounter with a patient and/or the patient's family. The verbatim serves as a formative educational exercise offering a method to hone one's clinical skills and competencies, while providing a unique space to practice self-awareness and self-reflection. Although sometimes difficult and intense for the fellow, we have found this to be a helpful exercise in improving the fellow's ability to make meaningful connections with patients and leading to improved outcomes of communication episodes. This potential growth in self-awareness supports both resiliency and mindfulness, which are essential skills for longevity and reduction of burnout risk in the field of HPM. The verbatim invites all participants to reflect on their own participation in facilitating whole person care to patients and families. Out of the six HPM milestone metrics for fellowship training, the verbatim exercise supports achievement in at least three of the milestones. We present survey data over the past five years of our fellowship in support of the utility of this exercise and for consideration to include this exercise in a palliative medicine fellowship. We offer additional suggestions for further study of this formative tool. This article delineates the verbatim technique and its specific integration into our accredited ACGME Hospice and Palliative Medicine fellowship training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Powers
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
- Address correspondence to: Christopher R. Powers, MD, MS, FAAHPM, Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, SC 29303, USA.
| | - Garrett E. Snipes
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Andrew Fischer
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Anderson
- Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Novant Health Presbyterian Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Bogerd R, Debets MPM, Keuken DG, Hassink RJ, Henriques JPS, Lombarts KMJMH. The relationship between physicians' self-kindness and professional fulfillment and the mediating role of personal resilience and work-home interference: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284507. [PMID: 37093877 PMCID: PMC10124859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional fulfillment is crucial for physicians' well-being and optimal patient care. Highly demanding work environments, perfectionism and self-critical attitudes jeopardize physicians' professional fulfillment. OBJECTIVE To explore to what extent a kinder attitude towards the self, i.e. self-kindness, was associated with physicians' professional fulfillment and whether this relationship was mediated by personal resilience and work-home interference. METHODS In 2020, cardiologists (n = 374) in the Netherlands participated in a web-based survey. Self-kindness was measured by the self-kindness subscale of the Self-Compassion Scale, personal resilience by the Brief Resilience Scale, work-home interference by the negative Work-Home Interference subscale of the Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen, and professional fulfillment by the corresponding subscale of the Professional Fulfillment Index. Using Hayes' SPSS macro PROCESS v3.5, the authors tested the parallel mediation model. RESULTS Self-kindness was not directly associated with professional fulfillment (direct effect = .042, p = .36, 95% CI: -0.048, 0.132). Self-kindness was indirectly related to professional fulfillment through individual resilience (indirect effect = .049, 95% CI: .020, 0.086) and work-home interference (indirect effect = .057, 95% CI: .023, 096). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that improving physicians' self-kindness may enhance professional fulfillment through personal resilience and work-home interference. Our findings may stimulate and remind physicians to be kind towards themselves as it may benefit them and their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Bogerd
- Department of Medical Psychology, Professional Performance & Compassionate Care Research Group, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P M Debets
- Department of Medical Psychology, Professional Performance & Compassionate Care Research Group, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby G Keuken
- The Netherlands Society of Cardiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Hassink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - José P S Henriques
- The Netherlands Society of Cardiology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kiki M J M H Lombarts
- Department of Medical Psychology, Professional Performance & Compassionate Care Research Group, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Berta-Otero T, Barceló-Soler A, Montero-Marin J, Maloney S, Pérez-Aranda A, López-Montoyo A, Salvo V, Sussumu M, García-Campayo J, Demarzo M. Experiential Avoidance in Primary Care Providers: Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire" (AAQ-II) and Its Criterion Validity on Mood Disorder-Related Psychological Distress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:225. [PMID: 36612546 PMCID: PMC9819638 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A sizeable proportion of Brazilian Primary Care (PC) providers suffer from common mental disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In an effort to cope with job-related distress, PC workers are likely to implement maladaptive strategies such as experiential avoidance (EA). The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) is a widely used instrument that evaluates EA but has shown questionable internal consistency in specific populations. This study assesses the psychometric properties of the AAQ-II among Brazilian PC providers, evaluates its convergence and divergence with self-criticism and mindfulness skills, and explores its criterion validity on anxiety and depressive symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional design was conducted in Brazilian PC services, and the sample included 407 PC workers. The measures evaluated EA, self-criticism, mindfulness, depression, and anxiety. RESULTS The one-factor model of the AAQ-II replicated the original version structure. The AAQ-II presented good internal consistency among Brazilian PC providers. A multiple regression model demonstrated higher relationships with self-criticism than mindfulness skills. The criterion validity of the AAQ-II on anxiety and depression was stronger in the context of more severe symptoms. CONCLUSIONS The AAQ-II is an appropriate questionnaire to measure the lack of psychological flexibility among Brazilian PC workers in the sense of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Berta-Otero
- Centro Mente Aberta (Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion), Department of Preventive Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04753-060, Brazil
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Montero-Marin
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health—CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shannon Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | | | - Alba López-Montoyo
- Department of Basic, Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Vera Salvo
- Centro Mente Aberta (Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion), Department of Preventive Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04753-060, Brazil
| | - Marcio Sussumu
- Centro Mente Aberta (Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion), Department of Preventive Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04753-060, Brazil
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Primary Care Prevention and Health Promotion Research Network (RedIAPP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatric Service, Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marcelo Demarzo
- Centro Mente Aberta (Brazilian Center for Mindfulness and Health Promotion), Department of Preventive Medicine, UNIFESP, São Paulo 04753-060, Brazil
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Sansó N, Leiva JP, Vidal‐Blanco G, Galiana L, West M. The measurement of compassionate leadership: Adaptation and Spanish validation of the compassionate leadership self-reported scale. Scand J Caring Sci 2022; 36:1165-1179. [PMID: 35355300 PMCID: PMC9790542 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A culture of shared leadership is widespread among palliative care teams based on a commitment to valuing and including all people equally. As compassion is a core value for end-of-life care work, compassionate leadership may be the best way to lead in palliative care. AIMS The aims of this study were twofold: (1) to adapt and validate the Compassionate Leadership Self-reported Scale in a sample of palliative care professionals; and (2) to study the relation between compassionate leadership and associated concepts of self-compassion, awareness and self-care. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 296 Spanish end-of-life care professionals was conducted. Analyses included descriptive statistics, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with four-correlated factors, reliability estimates and a structural model. RESULTS Results suggested there were medium to high levels of compassionate leadership in the sample. The CFA showed an adequate overall fit: χ2 (98) = 277.595 (p < 0.001); CFI = 0.986; SRMR = 0.047; RMSEA = 0.088 [0.076, 0.100]. Reliability estimates for four subscales of compassionate leadership (attending, understanding, empathising and helping) were also adequate, ranging from 0.72 to 0.96. Finally, the structural model predicting compassionate leadership suggested that the dimensions of attending and understanding were most highly related to positive self-compassion and awareness; empathising, to self-care and awareness; and helping, to positive self-compassion and self-care. CONCLUSION The Compassionate Leadership Scale has adequate psychometric properties when used to assess compassionate leadership in the context of end-of-life care. Our results indicate that self-compassion, awareness and self-care are important correlates of such compassionate leadership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and PhysiotherapyUniversity of the Balearic IslandsMallorcaSpain,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA)MallorcaSpain
| | - Juan P. Leiva
- Support and Palliative Care TeamHospital ManacorMallorcaSpain
| | | | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral SciencesUniversity of ValenciaValenciaSpain
| | - Michael West
- The King’s FundLondonUK,Department of Organizational PsychologyLancaster UniversityLancasterUK,Aston UniversityBirminghamUK
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Vanderstichelen S, Dury S, De Gieter S, Van Droogenbroeck F, De Moortel D, Van Hove L, Rodeyns J, Aernouts N, Bakelants H, Cohen J, Chambaere K, Spruyt B, Zohar G, Deliens L, De Donder L. Researching Compassionate Communities From an Interdisciplinary Perspective: The Case of the Compassionate Communities Center of Expertise. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2022; 62:1392-1401. [PMID: 35263765 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compassionate Communities are places and environments in which people, networks, and institutions actively work together and are empowered to improve the circumstances, health, and well-being of those facing serious illness, death, dying, and loss. The study of their development, implementation, and evaluation requires an interdisciplinary research approach that has hitherto been lacking. In 2020, 8 research groups from 4 faculties at Vrije Universiteit Brussel united in the interdisciplinary Compassionate Communities Center of Expertise (COCO) to investigate Compassionate Communities. This article describes the first results of COCO: (a) an interdisciplinary mode of collaboration, (b) a shared conceptual understanding and definition of Compassionate Communities, and (c) a shared research agenda on Compassionate Communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vanderstichelen
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dury
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Belgian Ageing Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara De Gieter
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Work and Organisational Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Droogenbroeck
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Tempus Omnia Revelat, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Deborah De Moortel
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van Hove
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels University Consultation Centre, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Rodeyns
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Research Centre on Innovation in Learning and Diversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nele Aernouts
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Bakelants
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joachim Cohen
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Chambaere
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,End-of-Life Care Research Group, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Spruyt
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Tempus Omnia Revelat, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Zohar
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Research Centre on Innovation in Learning and Diversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Deliens
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,End-of-Life Care Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) and Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Donder
- Compassionate Communities Centre of Expertise, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Belgian Ageing Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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Moreno-Jiménez JE, Demerouti E, Blanco-Donoso LM, Chico-Fernández M, Iglesias-Bouzas MI, Garrosa E. Passionate healthcare workers in demanding intensive care units: its relationship with daily exhaustion, secondary traumatic stress, empathy, and self-compassion. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 36406844 PMCID: PMC9667444 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on Intensive Care Units (ICU) and aims to test whether daily job demands are related to daily emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress (STS) after work through the experience of passion at work and whether personal resources in ICU, such as empathy and self-compassion, moderate these relationships. A diary study was designed to assess day-level job demands, passion, empathy, self-compassion at work; and day-level emotional exhaustion and STS after work. The sample was 97 healthcare workers from ICU from different Spanish hospitals being selected by the snowball technique. This sample was assessed 5 days x two moments per day through a diary questionnaire. The multilevel analysis showed a negative mediational effect of harmonious passion between daily job demands and both emotional exhaustion and STS. Also, in predicting emotional exhaustion, a moderator effect of empathy on harmonious passion was found, as well as a moderator effect of self-compassion on obsessive passion. In predicting STS, a direct positive effect was found in empathy. Our findings highlight the vocational work of these healthcare workers, considering job demands as challenging and enhancing their harmonious passion to overcome the drawbacks. Moreover, empathy revealed to have a negative effect whereas self-compassion the contrary. Thus, increase the awareness on these personal resources and how to train them could be considered as valuable preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Moreno-Jiménez
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Ctra. Pozuelo-Majadahonda KM 1.800, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Ivan Pavlov, 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Evangelia Demerouti
- Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | | | - Mario Chico-Fernández
- Service of Intensive Medicine, Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre de Madrid, Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Iglesias-Bouzas
- Service of Intensive Medicine in Pediatric Units, Hospital Niño Jesús, Avda Menéndez Pelayo 65, 28042 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Garrosa
- Faculty of Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, C/ Ivan Pavlov, 6, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Lluch-Sanz C, Galiana L, Tomás JM, Oliver A, Vidal-Blanco G, Sansó N. Using latent profile analysis to understand palliative care professionals' quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36406840 PMCID: PMC9649396 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare workers' professional quality of life has been increasingly under the spotlight, even more so during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has posed a genuine challenge for them. This study aims to describe the professional quality of life profiles of a sample of Spanish palliative care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic, encompassing aspects such as work satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, and compassion satisfaction; while studying the relationships between these profiles and sociodemographic variables, clinical situations experienced during the pandemic, protectors of professional quality of life, the quality of care delivered, and the professionals' wellbeing. Data from a survey of Spanish palliative care professionals were used. The variables measured were professional quality of life, sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experiences, protectors of professional quality of life, wellbeing, and quality of care. Our research included latent profile analyses, along with chi-squared and t-tests. The results suggested two profiles of professional quality of life, namely low (32.78%) and high (67.22%). The following profile displayed a higher likelihood of having a low professional quality of life: younger professionals, registered nurses, with a decrease in their teamwork, without specific training in palliative care, in coping with death and stress or emotional training and with lower levels of self-care and self-compassion, whose patients were unable to die a dignified death. Similarly, a low professional quality of life profile was associated with reduced wellbeing and poorer quality of care offered. In conclusion, providing professionals with education and training to improve their ability to handle end-of-life care and stress, maintaining cohesive teams and promoting self-care and self-compassion are pivotal to maintaining the quality of life and wellbeing of palliative care professionals and the quality of care that they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lluch-Sanz
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Tomás
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Oliver
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibañez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), Palma, Spain
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Miyoshi T, Ida H, Nishimura Y, Ako S, Otsuka F. Effects of Yoga and Mindfulness Programs on Self-Compassion in Medical Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Intervention Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12523. [PMID: 36231820 PMCID: PMC9566664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stress among healthcare workers (HCWs) increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. We aimed to determine whether a yoga and mindfulness program could alleviate burnout and other psychological and physical distress in HCWs, and how this might affect their empathy for patients. A weekly one-hour yoga and mindfulness program was conducted for three months in 2021. Participants were 18 consenting HCWs and, the final analysis included 13 participants. They responded to online questionnaires before and after the program. We measured salivary cortisol levels before and after the program on the first and last days. Self-measured pulse rates (PRs) were taken before and after each session, which decreased significantly in both cases (before, after the first program: 72, 65 bpm, p < 0.05; before, after the last program: 75, 66, p < 0.05), but salivary cortisol levels did not change. No significant changes were observed in Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Sense of Coherence, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Self-compassion Scale, or Jefferson Scale of Empathy. However, common humanity, a subscale of self-compassion, increased significantly (before the first program: 5.6, after the last program: 6.5, p < 0.05), and over-identification decreased significantly (7.9, 6.7, p < 0.01). Yoga and mindfulness programs may help improve the sense of common humanity and reduce over-identification in HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ida
- Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Yoshito Nishimura
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Soichiro Ako
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
| | - Fumio Otsuka
- Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 7008558, Japan
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Osman I, Singaram V. Using PhotoVoice to understand mindfulness in health care practitioners. Health SA 2022; 27:1942. [PMID: 36262926 PMCID: PMC9575345 DOI: 10.4102/hsag.v27i0.1942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The disruptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have placed added stress on health care practitioners’ (HCPs) mental health. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been reported to increase the awareness of burnout and promote self-care practices that enhance mental well-being. Aim To gain insight into the use of mindfulness through the lens of PhotoVoice on how HCPs reflected on their stressors and sense of self whilst working as frontline workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting This study was conducted online with HCPs working in South Africa during the first wave of COVID-19. Method A four-week MBI intervention was implemented using Zoom. An exploratory qualitative analysis was conducted using a PhotoVoice methodology. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to generate themes. Fifty-five HCPs consented to participate in this study. Results The major themes identified were operating on autopilot, feeling a sense of overwhelm because of COVID-19, using faith to cope and being able to attain a sense of self-compassion by the end of the intervention. Conclusions Using visual representations, HCPs were able to share the development of their reperceived lived experiences of increased self-compassion as they navigated the dilemmas and disruptions of the pandemic. Contribution A brief online MBI was impactful enough to show a reappraisal of the stressors of COVID-19, such that HCPs felt calmer, more competent and more compassionate. PhotoVoice methodology is recommended for future studies and mindfulness courses. It facilitates a deeper understanding of the practice of imbuing mindfulness and its impact on stressors and the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Osman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veena Singaram
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Mindfulness, Self-distancing, and Self-compassion as Buffers of the Effects of Rumination on Health Behaviors: a Daily Diary Study. Int J Cogn Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41811-022-00142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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La Torre G, Leggieri PF, Cocchiara RA, Dorelli B, Mannocci A, Sernia S, Guerra F. Mindfulness as a tool for reducing stress in healthcare professionals: An umbrella review. Work 2022; 73:819-829. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Health care providers (HCPs) and health care students experience a huge amount of stress due to high workloads and pressure to perform and are likely to develop anxiety, depression and burnout. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to carry out an umbrella review of systematic and narrative reviews on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing stress and improving well-being in HCPs and health care students. METHODS: Systematic and narrative reviews that examined the impact of mindfulness-based interventions on HCPs and healthcare students’ perceived stress were identified through a systematic search of three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. RESULTS: Fifteen articles were included in the analysis: eleven systematic and four narrative reviews. Studies’ quality varied from critically low to high. The different interventions showed positive results in reducing stress in both HCPs and students, with mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course having the major impact. CONCLUSIONS: MBSR techniques and other Mindfulness Based Interventions resulted to be potentially effective in reducing stress. However, despite the vast amount of data collected by the studies and the promising results, several limitations affected the validity of the studies. Therefore, more research that considers the critical aspects of this field is required, in order to provide more reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Torre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Fabio Leggieri
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Dorelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Sernia
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Guerra
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Wang H, Lou X. The Correlation Between Self-Compassion and Life Satisfaction Varies Across Societal Individualism-Collectivism: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion is positively correlated with life satisfaction. However, no previous work examined the cross-cultural difference regarding the effect size of this correlation. Using 79 independent samples ( N = 23,976) from 26 countries/regions, this three-level meta-analysis synthesized the effect sizes of their correlation, partitioned the between-study heterogeneity into the within- and between-country levels, and examined the moderating role of national culture according to the revised Minkov-Hofstede model. Results indicated that self-compassion was positively correlated with life satisfaction, with a moderate-to-large effect size (.40 ≤ r ≤ .47); 33.66% and 35.73% of the effect size variance could be attributed to the within-country and between-country heterogeneities; this correlation was stronger in samples collected from more individualistic societies. This study highlights that self-compassion may fit differently into different cultural realities and the importance of raising cultural awareness in future self-compassion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobi Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang CXY, Pavlova A, Fernando AT, Consedine NS. Beyond empathy decline: Do the barriers to compassion change across medical training? ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2022; 27:521-536. [PMID: 35389152 PMCID: PMC9117337 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-022-10100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite being a mandated, foundational value in healthcare, research on compassion remains limited. Studying the individual, patient, clinical, and contextual factors that interfere with compassion-the "barriers"-may clarify our understanding of the origins of compassion and identify potential targets for improving patient-centred care. Studies of the related construct of empathy have suggested that medical students report declines with increasing clinical experience. In contrast, when comparing physicians with medical students, increased clinical experience predicts lower barriers to compassion. Whether-and how-a similar experience-related decline in the factors that interfere with compassion occurs across medical training remains unknown. AIMS To describe how the barriers to compassion vary across clinical training in medical students. METHOD New Zealand medical students (N = 351) in their clinical years (Years 4-6) completed measures of the Barriers to Physician Compassion (BPCQ) and potential covariates such as demographics, work burden factors, and dispositional factors. The BPCQ indexes the extent to which barriers in four domains (individual, patient, clinical, and contextual) interfere with a physician/student's compassion towards patients. Analyses of variance and regression analyses were used to explore the effect of year level on the four types of barriers. RESULTS Year 4 students reported slightly lower student-related, environmental and patient/family-related (but not clinical) barriers than Year 6 students (effect size: ɷ2 < 0.05); all barriers increased comparably across training. Controlling for relevant confounds, regression analyses confirmed that lower year level predicted lower barriers to compassion. Higher self-compassion, but not gender, predicted lower barriers. CONCLUSIONS In extending studies of empathy decline, this report suggests that students experience higher barriers to compassion as clinical training progresses. This is in contrast to existing studies contrasting physicians with medical students, where greater experience was associated with lower perceived barriers to compassion. Self-compassion may offset increases in barriers to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair X Y Wang
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alina Pavlova
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Antonio T Fernando
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Building 507, Room 3008, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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41
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Potvin AS, Penuel WR, Dimidjian S, Jinpa T. Cultivating Skillful Means of Care in Schools Through Compassion Practice and Individual and Joint Inquiry. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 14:1-17. [PMID: 35440948 PMCID: PMC9010240 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We examined the extent to which compassion practices helped guide skillful means of care among educators. We engaged educators in a collaborative design (co-design) process that foregrounded two components: (1) contemplative practice and (2) developing skill in how social interactions are embedded within wider systems through individual and joint inquiry. We analyzed the ways educators developed awareness of social suffering and set intentions to alleviate suffering. We examined how co-design fostered an understanding of compassion and new ideas about how to respond skillfully to suffering in schools. Methods Using qualitative methods, we analyzed data from educators who participated in co-design, including their written reflections, field notes, semi-structured interviews, and surveys. Results Educators identified multiple opportunities for acting with compassion, including approaching school-based interactions with compassion, cultivating compassion for themselves, and envisioning school change through a lens of compassion. Educators' experiences in co-design directly informed how they imagined compassionate action in their schools. Specific elements highlighted were contemplative practice, reflection, and individual and joint inquiry. Conclusions The adaptation of a general program on compassion training can benefit from attending to how to show compassion in the context of concrete interactions in schools, and this can support educators in developing skillful means of care. Our analyses provide insight into the components that supported educators to offer compassion and suggest that educators' skillful means of care can be cultivated through both contemplative practice and inquiry into social suffering. We offer a conceptual model for developing skillful means of care educational settings.
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42
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Diamant A, Orkibi H. Trajectories of Change in Creative and Personal Factors in First‐Year Creative Arts Therapies Students. JOURNAL OF CREATIVE BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jocb.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Diamant
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Hod Orkibi
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
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Aiken C. Australian Chaplaincy Support of Health Care Staff: Presence, Professional and Relational. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:948-961. [PMID: 35278175 PMCID: PMC8916934 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to explore how health care staff experienced support from hospital chaplains. The context for the study was two acute care hospitals in the South Australian Government's public health system: one paediatric, the other adult. The research utilised semi-structured interviews that were transcribed and analysed and coded using established methodologies for qualitative studies. The results and subsequent analysis revealed two overarching themes which emerged from the narratives of staff members. Support from chaplains was perceived as being (i) part of the hospital institution, (ii) a participant in the overall care team, (iii) as a symbolic presence, and (iv) available in the diverse settings of education, crisis and trauma events and debriefings. Chaplaincy support was experienced in relational and spontaneous care in serendipitous meetings with staff or at a workstation which was experienced as inclusive and respectful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Aiken
- Drew Theological School, Drew University, Maddison, NJ, USA.
- Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Lluch-Sanz C, Galiana L, Vidal-Blanco G, Sansó N. Psychometric Properties of the Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form: Study of Its Role as a Protector of Spanish Nurses Professional Quality of Life and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. NURSING REPORTS 2022; 12:65-76. [PMID: 35225894 PMCID: PMC8883981 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion is a multifaceted construct that represents compassion turned inward and involves approaching one’s failure and inadequacy with kindness. To measure these self-compassionate behaviors, the Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form (SCS-SF) is one of the most widely used and has been recurrently employed in the healthcare arena. Specifically, self-compassion has been pointed out as essential for providing compassionate care and maintaining healthcare workers balance. Aim: The aim of this study is twofold: (1) to provide evidence of the psychometric properties of the SCS-SF in a sample of Spanish nurses and (2) to study of its role as a protector of Spanish nurses professional quality of life and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A sample of 115 Spanish nurses was studied. Mean age was 43.79 years old (SD = 10.99); 84.3% were women. The factorial structure of the SCS-SF was studied with competitive confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Finally, a full structural equation model was tested, in which positive and negative self-compassion predicted professional quality of life, and professional quality of life, in turn, predicted well-being. Results: Three a priori structures were compared: one-factor, two-factor, and six-factor model. The two-factor solution, positive and negative self-compassion, was retained as the best structure to represent the data. Regarding the predictive model, the two poles of self-compassion predicted professional quality of life prediction, and professional quality of life positively predicted well-being, showing a strong relationship. Conclusion: Self-compassion can be an important resource for nurses’ balance, promoting adequate professional quality of life and their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lluch-Sanz
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (N.S.); Tel.: +34-963864505 (L.G.); +34-971172366 (N.S.)
| | | | - Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, 07120 Palma, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (N.S.); Tel.: +34-963864505 (L.G.); +34-971172366 (N.S.)
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Wellbeing in Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Personal Resources and Exhaustion. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031714. [PMID: 35162737 PMCID: PMC8835097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Italy was the second country to be affected by COVID-19 in early 2020, after China. The confrontation with the pandemic led to great changes in the world of work and, consequently, to the personal world of workers. In such a challenging situation, it is essential to be able to rely on resources that facilitate individual coping. The aim of this study was to understand the association between personal resources (optimism and humor) and exhaustion, and the role of self-compassion in this relationship. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypotheses on a heterogeneous sample of 422 Italian workers during the first lockdown in April–May 2020. The results revealed that optimism and humor were positively associated with self-compassion; optimism and humor also had a negative association with exhaustion; and self-compassion had a mediating role between the two personal resources and exhaustion. These results confirmed the importance of personal resources in maintaining workers’ wellbeing during a challenging period such as the pandemic. The present study also contributes to the body of knowledge on self-compassion, a relatively new construct that has been little studied in the organizational field.
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Gerace A. Gentle gloves: The importance of self-compassion for mental health nurses during COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2022; 31:3-7. [PMID: 34580979 PMCID: PMC8653245 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gerace
- College of Psychology, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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47
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Galiana L, Sansó N, Muñoz-Martínez I, Vidal-Blanco G, Oliver A, Larkin PJ. Palliative Care Professionals' Inner Life: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Prediction of Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue, Burnout and Wellbeing. J Pain Symptom Manage 2022; 63:112-123. [PMID: 34271144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Palliative care professionals are exposed to suffering on a daily basis. Working in such an environment frequently raises existential issues, psychological challenges, and emotional distress, that can detract from compassionate care. Identifying factors that help professionals cope with frequent exposure to issues related to mortality, such as compassion, could enhance palliative care providers' and patients' quality of life and wellbeing. OBJECTIVES To improve our understanding of the factors associated with professionals' inner life studying the role of self-compassion as a mediating variable between self-care and awareness and professionals' quality of life, and quantifying the impact of compassionate care. METHODS A cross-sectional online survey of palliative care professionals was conducted through the Spanish Society of Palliative Care. 296 professionals answered the survey. RESULTS The model tested showed an adequate fit (χ2(212) = 476.688 (P < .001), CFI = .907, RMSEA = .066 [.058,.073], and SRMR = .068), and the hypotheses were supported. Self-care and awareness predicted coping with death and self-compassion, which in turn predicted professional quality of life. Self-compassion had the greatest predictive power. Professional quality of life showed a statistically significant and positive effect on personal wellbeing, explaining more than 50% of its variance (R2 = .574; P < .001). CONCLUSION For palliative care professionals, the cultivation of self-compassion is equally needed as compassion for others. Professional quality of life and compassionate care are related to professionals' wellbeing: when professionals take care of themselves, this will lead in a more compassionate care, but also in healthier, happier professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galiana
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemí Sansó
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IDISBA), Palma, Spain.
| | | | | | - Amparo Oliver
- Department of Methodology for the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Philip J Larkin
- Chair of Palliative Care Nursing, Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Biber D. Mindful self-compassion for nurses: a systematic review. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2021; 29:18-24. [PMID: 34904424 DOI: 10.7748/nm.2021.e2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This article details a systematic review that aimed to synthesise and analyse the published research on the effects of mindful self-compassion interventions on stress in nurses. Five studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in terms of sample characteristics, intervention, measurement of self-compassion, additional psychosocial outcome measures, intervention duration and adherence, intervention outcomes and effect size and follow-up. The review found that mindful self-compassion interventions had medium-to-large effect sizes for self-compassion, traumatic stress, burnout, stress and compassion satisfaction. There was also high intervention adherence (mean=86%) in the included studies. Since these interventions can improve self-compassion and compassion in nurses, they have the potential to enhance the quality of compassionate care provided by nurses who undergo training in mindful self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Biber
- Sport Management, Wellness and Physical Education, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, US
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Panourgia C, Wezyk A, Ventouris A, Comoretto A, Taylor Z, Yankouskaya A. Individual factors in the relationship between stress and resilience in mental health psychology practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2613-2631. [PMID: 34875921 PMCID: PMC9483698 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211059393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilising an online survey, this study aimed to investigate the
concurrent effects of pre-pandemic and COVID-19 stress on resilience
in Mental Health Psychology Practitioners (MHPPs)
(n = 325), focussing on the
mediation effects of specific individual factors. Optimism, burnout
and secondary traumatic stress, but not coping strategies,
self-efficacy, compassion satisfaction, or self-compassion, mediated
both the relationship between pre-pandemic stress and resilience and
COVID-19 stress and resilience. Increased job demands caused by the
pandemic, the nature and duration of COVID-19 stress may explain this
finding. Training and supervision practices can help MHPPs deal with
job demands under circumstances of general and extreme stress.
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50
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Stanford S, Timms C. Australian Chaplains and Their Professional Quality of Life. THE JOURNAL OF PASTORAL CARE & COUNSELING : JPCC 2021; 75:284-294. [PMID: 34342234 DOI: 10.1177/15423050211036344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chaplains often express a sense of satisfaction in helping others. But their work renders them vulnerable to secondary traumatic stress and burnout. We investigated mindful self-care, comparing the experiences of chaplains and other workers. Measures used included mindful selfcare, social support, and professional quality of life. We found self-care practices did not predict the professional quality of life. Lack of supportive structures and mindful awareness predicted burnout. Compassion satisfaction might arise from other sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stanford
- Psychology, James Cook University, Australia; Psychology, University Sunshine Coast, Australia
- Psychology, James Cook University, Australia
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