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Walentek NP, Schäfer R, Bergmann N, Franken M, Ommerborn MA. Relationship between Sleep Bruxism Determined by Non-Instrumental and Instrumental Approaches and Psychometric Variables. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:543. [PMID: 38791756 PMCID: PMC11121379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Sleep bruxism (SB) can be determined with different diagnostic procedures. The relationship between psychometric variables and SB varies depending on the diagnostic method. The aim of the study was to compare the association between SB and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL; measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile, OHIP), anxiety (measured by the State-Trait anxiety inventory, STAI), and stress (single scale variable) depending on the diagnostic method in the same sample. N = 45 participants were examined by non-instrumental (possible/probable SB) and instrumental methods (definite SB). The OHIP differed significantly between possible SB (median = 4) and non-SB (median = 0) with W = 115, p = 0.01, and probable SB (median = 6) and non-SB (median = 0) with W = 101, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the OHIP score between definite SB and non-SB. For the other psychometric variables, the analyses revealed no significant differences between SB and non-SB in all diagnostic procedures. The results suggest that there is a difference between possible/probable and definite SB with respect to the association with OHRQoL. Certain aspects of possible/probable SB might be responsible for the poor OHRQoL, which are not measured in definite SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pascale Walentek
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Schäfer
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora Bergmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Franken
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michelle Alicia Ommerborn
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Walentek NP, Schäfer R, Bergmann N, Franken M, Ommerborn MA. Association between Psychological Distress and Possible, Probable, and Definite Sleep Bruxism-A Comparison of Approved Diagnostic Procedures. J Clin Med 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 38276144 PMCID: PMC10817265 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The relationship between sleep bruxism (SB) and psychological distress has been investigated in numerous studies and is heterogeneous. Different diagnostic procedures have been applied to determine SB. The aim of this study was to directly compare the association between psychological distress and SB diagnosed by different accepted methods. (2) Methods: Data of N = 45 subjects were analyzed, including group comparisons and correlation analyses. Following diagnostic methods for the determination of SB were used in one sample: self-report, clinical assessment, polysomnography with audio-video recording and a novel diagnostic sheet with analyzing software. Psychological distress was measured using the global severity index (GSI) of the Symptom Checklist-90-Standard (SCL-90-S). (3) Results: The GSI did not differ significantly between subjects with and without SB, regardless of the underlying diagnostic classification (p > 0.05). In-depth correlation analyses of self-report and clinical data revealed a weak-to-medium correlation with the GSI (r = 0.12-0.44). Due to non-normally distributed data, a test of statistical significance was not possible. Variables of instrumental methods such as the SB index (amount of SB activity per hour) of polysomnography (PSG) showed almost no correlation with psychological distress (r = -0.06-0.05). (4) Conclusions: Despite these limitations, the results provide an indication that the choice of diagnostic procedure may elucidate the variance in the correlation between SB and psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pascale Walentek
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (M.A.O.)
| | - Ralf Schäfer
- Clinical Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nora Bergmann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael Franken
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (M.A.O.)
| | - Michelle Alicia Ommerborn
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology, and Endodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany (M.A.O.)
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Deng Y, Zhu C, Jiang R, Yu C, Zhao J, Jiang X, Wen J. Salivary signatures of oral-brain communication in sleep bruxers. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1321855. [PMID: 38125907 PMCID: PMC10731308 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1321855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota and their interaction with hosts have been of great interest in brain research in recent years. However, the role of oral microbiota in mental illness and the underlying mechanism of oral-brain communication remains elusive. Sleep bruxism (SB) is an oral parafunctional activity related to the nervous system and is considered a risk factor for harmful clinical consequences and severe systemic conditions. Exploring the connection between oral microbiota and sleep bruxism may deepen our understanding of the complex relationship between oral-brain axis and provide insights for treatment. Methods In this study, salivary samples were collected from 22 individuals with SB and 21 healthy controls, and metagenomics with metabolomics was performed. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test were applied for the statistical analysis between the two groups. Microbial dysbiosis and altered oral metabolites were found in the SB individuals. Results The characteristic metabolite N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) (VIP=8.4823, P<0.05) was correlated to a statistically lower Streptococcus mitis level in SB individuals. Salivary IFN-g level and IFN-g/IL-4 ratio were detected with significant changes in a chip assay. Amino acid metabolism pathways were upregulated, and the pathway with the largest number of differentially expressed genes is related to amino-tRNA charging pathway, while the most significantly enriched pathway is related to arginine biosynthesis. Neurotransmitter-associated pathways with glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses and cardiovascular system-related pathways were enriched in the SB group. Discussion These results indicate a possible neuroimmune regulatory network of oral-brain communication in SB, which helps explain the mechanism of the oral microbiome with the host in sleep bruxers and provides a reference for early clinical and therapeutic intervention to improve the diagnosis and treatment of SB and similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Deng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyuan Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixue Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhua Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Wen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
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Oudkerk J, Grenade C, Davarpanah A, Vanheusden A, Vandenput S, Mainjot AK. Risk factors of tooth wear in permanent dentition: A scoping review. J Oral Rehabil 2023; 50:1110-1165. [PMID: 37147932 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth wear (TW) prevalence is high and increasing and has important consequences on the patient's quality of life. Knowledge of risk factors is crucial to promote diagnosis, prevention strategies and timely interceptive treatment. Many studies have identified TW risk factors. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aims to map and describe suspected available factors associated with TW in permanent dentition based on quantitative measurement. METHODS The scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension of the Scoping Reviews checklist. The search was conducted in October 2022 from the Medline® (PubMed® interface) and Scopus® databases. Two independent reviewers selected and characterised the studies. RESULTS 2702 articles were identified for assessment of titles and abstracts, and 273 articles were included in the review. The results show a need to standardise TW measurement indices and the study design. The included studies highlighted various factors, classified into nine domains: sociodemographic factors, medical history, drinking habits, eating habits, oral hygiene habits, dental factors, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, behavioural factors, and stress. Results related to chemical TW (erosion) risk factors underline the importance of eating disorders, gastroesophageal reflux and lifestyle, particularly drinking and eating behaviours, which supports developing public health information campaigns and interventions. Besides chemical, this review identifies evidence of several mechanical TW risk factors, such as toothbrushing and bruxism; the influence of this last factor needs to be further explored. CONCLUSIONS TW management and prevention require a multidisciplinary approach. Dentists are in the first line to detect associated diseases such as reflux or eating disorders. Consequently, practitioners' information and guideline diffusion should be promoted, and a TW risk factors checklist (the ToWeR checklist) is proposed to help diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Oudkerk
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grenade
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | - Anoushka Davarpanah
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Amélie K Mainjot
- Dental Biomaterials Research Unit (d-BRU), Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
- Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, University of Liège Hospital (CHU), Liège, Belgium
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Kuang B, Aarab G, Wei Y, Blanken TF, Lobbezoo F, Someren EJWV, Ramautar JR, Wassing R. Associations between signs of sleep bruxism and insomnia: A polysomnographic study. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13827. [PMID: 36703561 PMCID: PMC10909425 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible. Sleep bruxism has been linked with insomnia symptoms. Moreover, it has been suggested that there is a positive association between distress and the occurrence of sleep bruxism. However, the occurrence of sleep bruxism and its association with distress have not been studied in patients with insomnia. Therefore, we hypothesised that: (1) the occurrence of sleep bruxism is higher in patients with insomnia than in healthy controls; and (2) the occurrence of sleep bruxism in insomnia patients with moderate to high distress (IMHD) is higher than that in insomnia patients with slight distress (ISD). A total of 44 controls (34 females, 10 males, mean ± SD age = 46.8 ± 14.4 years) and 42 participants with insomnia (35 females, 7 males, mean ± SD age = 51.3 ± 12.1 years) were enrolled in this study. Among 42 participants with insomnia, 20 participants were subtyped as IMHD, 17 participants as ISD. Another five participants were not subtyped due to insufficient information. Group differences in rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA), a biomarker of sleep bruxism, were evaluated with Mann-Whitney U tests. The medians and interquartile ranges of the RMMA indices were 0.8|1.8|3.3 in controls, 1.1|1.6|2.3 in IMHD and 1.2|1.9|2.9 in ISD. There was no significant difference in the RMMA index, neither between participants with insomnia and controls (P = 0.514) nor between IMHD versus ISD (P = 0.270). The occurrence of RMMA indicators of possible sleep bruxism is not significantly different between individuals with insomnia and controls, nor between IMHD versus ISD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Kuang
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Taikang Bybo DentalBeijingChina
| | - Ghizlane Aarab
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Yishul Wei
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tessa F. Blanken
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychological MethodsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eus J. W. Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Amsterdam NeuroscienceVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R. Ramautar
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- N=You Neurodevelopmental Precision Center, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychosocial Care, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMCVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Rick Wassing
- Department of Sleep and CognitionNetherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical ResearchThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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Cruse B, Dharmadasa T, White E, Hollis C, Evans A, Sharmin S, Kalincik T, Kiers L. Efficacy of botulinum toxin type a in the targeted treatment of sleep bruxism: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. BMJ Neurol Open 2022; 4:e000328. [PMID: 36110927 PMCID: PMC9445821 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2022-000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) have been used in the treatment of sleep bruxism (SB) however controlled trials are limited and the optimal injection strategy and dose is not known. Methods This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BTX-A in participants with SB. Average bruxism events per hour of sleep (Bruxism Index, BI) was calculated using surface electromyography. Participants with BI >5 were included and randomised by order of injection (active or placebo with the opposite 20 weeks later) and into one of three differing treatment groups: bilateral masseter (60 units(U)), bilateral masseter and temporalis (90U) and bilateral masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles (120U). Change in BI and subjective measures of headache, pain, and bruxism at 4 and 12 weeks was calculated following intervention, and differences between treatment groups analysed. Results 41 participants were recruited, 35 randomised and data from 22 participants (14 female) were analysed. BI was significantly lower at 4 weeks after active treatment when compared with placebo (mean=−1.66, p=0.003), not sustained at 12 weeks. The difference was greater with higher doses injected and among those with greater baseline BI. There was no difference in subjective measures at any time point. Five participants injected had mild, transient side effects. Discussion Targeted BTX-A injection is a safe and effective treatment for SB. A greater benefit may be achieved by administering BTX-A into more muscles and at higher total doses and among those with higher baseline BI. Trial registration number ACTRN12618001430224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Cruse
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thanuja Dharmadasa
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise White
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Callum Hollis
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Evans
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sifat Sharmin
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tomas Kalincik
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynette Kiers
- Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital City Campus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kolak V, Pavlovic M, Aleksic E, Biocanin V, Gajic M, Nikitovic A, Lalovic M, Melih I, Pesic D. Probable Bruxism and Psychological Issues among Dental Students in Serbia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137729. [PMID: 35805387 PMCID: PMC9266173 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed the routine way of life, having consequences in many segments of life, including dental practice and education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of probable bruxism in a sample of dental students in Serbia and to estimate the potential association between psychological factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the presence of bruxism. A cross-sectional study included 178 dental students in Serbia, who were interviewed using a specially-designed self-administered online questionnaire, which consisted of three sections, and after that, a clinical examination for the presence of bruxism symptoms in the oral cavity. Psychological status was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Saliva samples were taken to analyze salivary cortisol levels. The prevalence of probable bruxism was 34.8%. Respondents with probable bruxism had significantly higher DASS-21 and FCV-19S scores and mean values of salivary cortisol compared to non-bruxers. A history of COVID-19 infection, high stress, and fear of COVID-19 scores were associated with the presence of probable bruxism. The findings suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a great psychological impact and impact on the presence and worsening of bruxism symptoms in a sample of dental students in Serbia.
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The Influence of Steroid Hormones on Tooth Wear in Children and in Adolescents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133603. [PMID: 35806896 PMCID: PMC9267419 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: From a young age, boys are more often affected by tooth wear than girls. This suggests an influence of the male sex hormone (testosterone) on the aetiology of tooth wear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of tooth wear in relation to steroid hormone levels in children. (2) Methods: 1022 test persons aged between 10 and 18 (491 male, 531 female) from the LIFE Child study underwent medical and dental examination. Tooth wear was measured through clinical inspection. Blood samples were taken to determine hormone levels (testosterone, SHBG). The level of free testosterone was calculated from the ratio of testosterone to SHBG. Using multivariable methods, the incidence of tooth wear was analyzed as a function of hormone levels, while controlling for confounders such as age, sex, social status, and orthodontic treatment. (3) Results: The incidence of tooth wear increased with age in both sexes. Boys showed significantly more often attrition facets than girls (17.5% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). Subjects with tooth wear showed significantly higher free testosterone levels than those without (males: p < 0.001, females: p < 0.05). After controlling for confounding variables, the risk of tooth wear increased by approximately 30.0% with each year of life (odds ratio [OR]boys = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04−1.56; [OR]girls = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08−1.61). In addition, the risk of tooth wear increased by 6.0% per free testosterone scale score only in boys (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01−1.12). (4) Conclusions: Tooth wear is common in children and in adolescents, and it increases steadily with age in both sexes. The stronger increase and the higher prevalence among male adolescents can be explained by the additional effect of free testosterone.
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Polini F, Budai R. Multimodal transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation: An option in the treatment of sleep bruxism in a "polyvagal" context. Cranio 2022:1-9. [PMID: 35322755 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2055866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To consider the possible role of the vagus nerve (VN) in the pathophysiology of sleep bruxism (SB) and introduce a multimodal protocol of transcutaneous auricular stimulation of the VN in the treatment of SB patients. METHODS Ten patients with SB underwent four sessions of electric transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (ta-VNS) in specific auricular areas. The patients were advised to manually stimulate the same areas between sessions. Masticatory muscle activity and sleep parameters were measured by a polysomnography (PSG) before and after the treatment. Heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were measured during each stimulation. RESULTS PSG analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in tonic SB index and tonic contraction time. HRV parameters showed a statistically significant increase in mean values of the vagal tone after each session of stimulation. No side effect was reported. CONCLUSION The stimulation of the VN might have a role in the treatment of SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Polini
- Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Budai
- Neurophysiopathology Operative Unit, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
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10
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Mirhashemi A, Khami MR, Kharazifard M, Bahrami R. The Evaluation of the Relationship Between Oral Habits Prevalence and COVID-19 Pandemic in Adults and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:860185. [PMID: 35359778 PMCID: PMC8963731 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.860185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between oral habits (bruxism- temporomandibular disorders) and COVID-19 pandemic in adults and adolescents. Method and Material A comprehensive search of the literature through PubMed, Scopus, Embase, google scholar and Cochrane databases was conducted. Such keywords as COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, bruxism, adult, and adolescent were used. Results In the initial search 818 articles were obtained; 68 cases were duplicates and excluded. By reviewing the article title, 714 articles were removed because they were not relevant to the topic. The remaining articles were reviewed, and studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, as well as letter to editors and expert opinions were excluded. Finally, 11 articles were allowed to enter the study. Out of 11 related articles, 5 studies were excluded from the present study due to mismatch of the target population; and finally 6 articles were thoroughly reviewed. Conclusion Studies have shown that stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increases detrimental oral habits such as bruxism as well as temporomandibular disorders in adults and adolescents; In general, young single women are at high risk and more exposed to these harmful oral habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rashin Bahrami
- Departments of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Rashin Bahrami
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Chattrattrai T, Blanken TF, Lobbezoo F, Su N, Aarab G, Van Someren EJW. A network analysis of self-reported sleep bruxism in the Netherlands Sleep Registry: its associations with insomnia and several demographic, psychological, and life-style factors. Sleep Med 2022; 93:63-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Joshi P, Kiers L, Evans A, Ritchie D, Szer J, Cruse B. Oromandibular parafunction in chronic graft-versus-host disease: novel association and treatment approach. Intern Med J 2021; 51:1950-1953. [PMID: 34796632 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) complicating allogeneic haemopoietic stem cell transplantation rarely involves the nervous system; oromandibular parafunction has not been previously reported. We describe five patients with cGVHD, presenting with bruxism, limitation of mouth opening, jaw locking, pain and masseter hypertrophy. Pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. Targeted botulinum toxin injections were an effective treatment with minimal side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwa Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynette Kiers
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Evans
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ritchie
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeff Szer
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Belinda Cruse
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Faculty of Medicine, Health and Dentistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Kirarslan Karagoz O, Yildirim B, Tekeli Simsek A, Koca CG, Igneci M. Possible sleep and awake bruxism, chronotype profile and TMD symptoms among Turkish dental students. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1367-1374. [PMID: 34039225 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1931279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that an individual's chronotype profile has an effect on the performance of work or study tasks. Dental students have to cope with both academic and clinical workloads, and the latter requires extra concentration. The first aim was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism (SB) and awake bruxism (AB) with sleep related items, temporomandibular disorder (TMD) complaints, and chronotype profile; the second aim was to evaluate the association between complaints of TMD and chronotype profile among dental students. The present cross-sectional descriptive study involved 218 dental students whose ages ranged between 18 and 30 years. In order to gather data, students were required to respond to a questionnaire, which aimed to evaluate possible SB and possible AB occurrence and demographics, sleep-related items and complaints of TMD. For the assessment of the chronotype profile, the morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) was used. The chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and t-test analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with SB, AB and chronotype profile. The frequency of self-reported SB was 25.2% and AB was 28.9%. The prevalence in the eveningness profile who reported possible AB was 45.3%, while it was 24.2% in intermediate individuals and 18.8% in the morningness profile. An association was also found between possible AB and eveningness chronotype profile (p = .009). No association was found between other temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and noise and chronotype profiles (p > .05). An association was found between possible AB and eveningness chronotype profile but no association was found between possible SB and chronotype profile. Moreover, complaint of TMD (face, head, neck pain) was observed particularly in students with an eveningness profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bengisu Yildirim
- Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Prosthodontics, Usak, Turkey
| | | | - Cansu Gul Koca
- Dentistry Faculty,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Usak, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Igneci
- Dentistry Faculty,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usak University, Dentistry Faculty, Usak, Turkey
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14
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Rosar JV, Marquezin MCS, Pizzolato AS, Kobayashi FY, Bussadori SK, Pereira LJ, Castelo PM. Identifying predictive factors for sleep bruxism severity using clinical and polysomnographic parameters: a principal component analysis. J Clin Sleep Med 2021; 17:949-956. [PMID: 33432920 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.9078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The aim was to identify predictive factors for sleep bruxism (SB) severity among polysomnographic parameters, salivary cortisol levels, temporomandibular disorders, age, and sex. METHODS Young adults (19-30 years) were screened for self-/roommate reports of teeth grinding/clenching during sleep associated with clinical signs of tooth wear. Individuals positive for both conditions were administered a polysomnographic exam to provide a definite diagnosis of SB (n = 28). Healthy participants without SB signs/symptoms were also included (n = 15). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders was applied to determine functional, muscular, and articular domains of the Temporomandibular Index. Cortisol awakening levels were measured in saliva. Principal component analysis was used to extract the latent components emerging from polysomnographic results, and 2 regression models were adjusted to predict the number and duration of bruxism episodes. RESULTS Principal component analysis resulted in 4 components-C1: %N1, total sleep time, sleep efficiency, arousals/microarousals; C2: %N2, %N3; C3: periodic limb movements and apneas; C4: %REM and REM latency. The number of SB episodes/h was predicted by increasing muscular scores and C2 (decrease in %N2 and increase in %N3) (adjusted R² = 45%; P =.001). The total time of SB episodes was predicted by decreased articular and increased functional scores, age, and female sex (adjusted R² = 36%; P = 0.010). Salivary cortisol levels were not associated with SB severity and did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that SB severity was predicted by muscular and functional scores, female sex, and distinct polysomnographic patterns, contributing to the deeper knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology of SB severity; additionally, the findings can help to formulate health approaches that are specific to the patient and will better assist in treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aianne Souto Pizzolato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
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15
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Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Wieckiewicz M, Smardz J, Gac P, Poreba R, Wojakowska A, Mazur G, Martynowicz H. Determination of Inflammatory Markers, Hormonal Disturbances, and Sleepiness Associated with Sleep Bruxism Among Adults. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:969-979. [PMID: 33204200 PMCID: PMC7667147 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s268470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep bruxism (SB) is characterized by repetitive phasic, tonic, or mixed masticatory muscle activity during sleep with multifactorial etiology. Previous studies have shown that the complex origin of SB can be related to the psychological features of the affected individual, consumption of caffeine and alcohol, smoking, obstructive sleep apnea, diabetes, increased body mass index, hypertension, thyroid diseases, and probable genetic vulnerability. This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory markers, hormonal disturbances, and sleepiness associated with SB, which have a potential effect on the total cardiovascular (CV) risk among relatively young and healthy patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 74 individuals with probable SB were subjected to single-night polysomnography, followed by blood panel and 24-h urinary excretion tests. The level of daytime sleepiness was assessed in the participants using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS SB was found in 78.4% of participants. The bruxism episode index (BEI) positively correlated with the concentrations of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen in the collected urine samples. A positive correlation was also found between phasic BEI and glucose concentration 2 h after the consumption of glucose solution. Sleep bruxers showed significantly increased sleepiness compared to nonbruxers (p = 0.02). The scores on sleepiness were positively correlated with mixed BEI, minimal oxygen saturation, and mean heart rate. CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed that participants with SB had metabolic and hormonal disturbances, probably due to stress and sympathetic activity. Moreover, it was found that young sleep bruxers potentially have a high CV risk due to the increased level of inflammatory and stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-425, Poland
| | - Joanna Smardz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-425, Poland
| | - Pawel Gac
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-345, Poland
| | - Rafal Poreba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw 50-556, Poland
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Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Wojakowska A, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Mazur G, Wieckiewicz M. Correlation between Sleep Bruxism, Stress, and Depression-A Polysomnographic Study. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091344. [PMID: 31470624 PMCID: PMC6781101 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Sleep bruxism is a common phenomenon that can affect approximately 13% of adult population. It is estimated that bruxism can be caused by three types of factors: biological, psychological, and exogenous. There are many scientific reports about the coexistence of bruxism, stress, and psychoemotional disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible correlation between occurrence of sleep bruxism and perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Material and methods: The material of this study consisted of 77 patients of Clinic of Prosthetic Dentistry operating at the Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland in which after using guidelines of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine probable sleep bruxism was fund. Patients then underwent video-polysomnography. Exposure to perceived stress was evaluated with Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). Occurrence of depressive symptoms was evaluated with Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: The analysis showed lack of statistically significant correlation between Bruxism Episodes Index (BEI) and Perceived Stress Scale–10 and Beck’s Depression Inventory scores (p = 0.64, p = 0.65; respectively), also when comparing study group (bruxers) and control group (non-bruxers) (p = 0.88, p = 0.77; respectively). Conclusion: Intensity of sleep bruxism was not statistically significantly correlated with self-reported perceived stress and depression. This issue requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Smardz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Helena Martynowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojakowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mieszko Wieckiewicz
- Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland.
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