1
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Morris AJ, Yau YCW, DePas WH, Waters VJ. Lack of correlation between in vitro and within patient measures of P. aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32424. [PMID: 38933957 PMCID: PMC11200346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Current in vitro biofilm modelling of the opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) is limited in its ability to mimic the complexities of the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung environment. Recent adaptations of the Microbial Identification after Passive CLARITY Technique (MiPACT) in CF research have allowed for the direct imaging of PA biofilm spatial organization and structure in expectorated sputum. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of in vitro and within patient (ex vivo) measures of PA biofilms using sputa from new onset infected children with CF. MiPACT-fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorescent anti-Psl monoclonal antibody (mAb) staining was performed to directly visualize PA and Psl (exopolysaccharide in PA biofilm matrix) in 11 CF sputum specimens. Corresponding PA isolates, recovered from the same sputum samples, were grown as biofilms in a glass slide chamber model, then visualized by fluorescent live-cell and anti-Psl mAb staining. We observed that PA biovolume, aggregation and Psl antibody binding (normalized per PA biovolume) in CF sputum did not correlate with the in vitro model, although a trend towards significance in the biovolume relationship was observed with the addition of sputum supernatant to the in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Morris
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne CW. Yau
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William H. DePas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Valerie J. Waters
- Translational Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Sorn S, Hara-Yamamura H, Vet S, Xiao M, Hoek EMV, Honda R. Biological treatment of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using microbial capsules of a polysulfone membrane. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138585. [PMID: 37028728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent organic substance that has been extensively applied in many industries and causes severe, widespread adverse health impacts on humans and the environment. The development of an effective PFOS treatment method with affordable operational costs has been expected. This study proposes the biological treatment of PFOS using microbial capsules enclosing a PFOS-reducing microbial consortium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the polymeric membrane encapsulation technique for the biological removal of PFOS. First, a PFOS-reducing bacterial consortium, composed of Paracoccus (72%), Hyphomicrobium (24%), and Micromonosporaceae (4%), was enriched from activated sludge by acclimation and subsequent subculturing with PFOS containing media. The bacterial consortium was first immobilized in alginate gel beads, then enclosed in membrane capsules by coating the gel beads with a 5% or 10% polysulfone (PSf) membrane. The introduction of microbial membrane capsules could increase PFOS reduction to between 52% and 74% compared with free cell suspension, which reduced by 14% over three weeks. Microbial capsules coated with 10% PSf membrane demonstrated the highest PFOS reduction at 80% and physical stability for six weeks. Candidate metabolites including perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and 3,3,3- trifluoropropionic acid were detected by FTMS, suggesting the possible biological degradation of PFOS. In microbial membrane capsules, the initial adsorption of PFOS on the shell membrane layer enhanced subsequent biosorption and biological degradation by PFOS-reducing bacteria immobilized in the core alginate gel beads. The 10%-PSf microbial capsules exhibited a thicker membrane layer with the fabric structure of a polymer network, which maintained longer physical stability than 5%-PSf microbial capsules. This outcome suggests the potential application of microbial membrane capsules to PFOS-contaminated water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovannlaksmy Sorn
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | | | - Sreyla Vet
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Minhao Xiao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ryo Honda
- Faculty of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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3
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Barrassso K, Chac D, Debela MD, Geigel C, Steenhaut A, Rivera Seda A, Dunmire CN, Harris JB, Larocque RC, Midani FS, Qadri F, Yan J, Weil AA, Ng WL. Impact of a human gut microbe on Vibrio cholerae host colonization through biofilm enhancement. eLife 2022; 11:73010. [PMID: 35343438 PMCID: PMC8993218 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the human intestinal microbiota could impact the outcome of infection by Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the diarrheal disease cholera. A commensal bacterium, Paracoccus aminovorans, was previously identified in high abundance in stool collected from individuals infected with V. cholerae when compared to stool from uninfected persons. However, if and how P. aminovorans interacts with V. cholerae has not been experimentally determined; moreover, whether any association between this bacterium alters the behaviors of V. cholerae to affect the disease outcome is unclear. Here, we show that P. aminovorans and V. cholerae together form dual-species biofilm structure at the air–liquid interface, with previously uncharacterized novel features. Importantly, the presence of P. aminovorans within the murine small intestine enhances V. cholerae colonization in the same niche that is dependent on the Vibrio exopolysaccharide and other major components of mature V. cholerae biofilm. These studies illustrate that multispecies biofilm formation is a plausible mechanism used by a gut microbe to increase the virulence of the pathogen, and this interaction may alter outcomes in enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Barrassso
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Seattle, United States
| | - Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Meti D Debela
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Catherine Geigel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Anjali Steenhaut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Abigail Rivera Seda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Chelsea N Dunmire
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Jason B Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Regina C Larocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Firas S Midani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Jing Yan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Ana A Weil
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Wai-Leung Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
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4
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Lai C, Sun Y, Guo Y, Cai Q, Yang P. A novel integrated bio-reactor of moving bed and constructed wetland (MBCW) for domestic wastewater treatment and its microbial community diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2653-2668. [PMID: 31902307 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1709904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An MBBR and CW combo bio-reactor (MBCW) was designed as a novel hybrid process for simultaneous organic, nitrogen and phosphate removal through the long-term operation. The effect of the internal recycling rate (IRR), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (C/N) ratio were all discussed, and the recommended values were 5:1, 12 h and >6, respectively. A higher C/N ratio was a key factor for achieving a higher TN removal. The mixed biocarrier system was realized by inoculating porous polymer carriers (PPC) and cylindrical polyethylene carriers (CPC) and achieving a higher organic biodegradation and nitrification rate compared to a single carrier system. Microorganism activities and plants' uptake or utilization both contributed to the nutrient removal in a constructed wetland. High-throughput sequencing results revealed an abundant microbial diversity and a distinct microbial distribution in the whole system where Flavobacterium (14.2%), Acinetobacter (12.87%) and Rhodobacter (10.83%) dominated on PPC, Terrimonas (8.88%), Reyranella (6.61%) and Rubinisphaera (5.63%) dominated on CPC, Comamonas (4.18%), Gemmobacter (4.02%) and Hydrogenophaga (3.97%) dominated on CWs, as well as Citrobacter (53.13%) on suspended floc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changmiao Lai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Cai
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Patel RJ, Patel UD, Nerurkar AS. Moving bed biofilm reactor developed with special microbial seed for denitrification of high nitrate containing wastewater. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:68. [PMID: 33748870 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Biological denitrification is the most promising alternative approach for the removal of nitrate from wastewater. MBBR inoculated with activated sludge is a widely studied approach, but very few studies have focused on the bioaugmentation of biofilm forming bacteria in MBBR. Our study revealed that the use of special microbial seed of biofilm forming denitrifying bacteria Diaphorobacter sp. R4, Pannonibacter sp. V5, Thauera sp. V9, Pseudomonas sp.V11, and Thauera sp.V14 to form biofilm on carriers enhanced nitrate removal performance of developed MBBR. Various process parameters C/N ratio 0.3, HRT 3 h at Nitrate loading 2400 mg L-1, Filling ratio 20%, operated with Pall ring carrier were optimized to achieve highest nitrate removal. After 300 days of continuous operation results of whole genome metagenomic studies showed that Thauera spp. were the most dominant and key contributor to the denitrification of nitrate containing wastewater and the reactor was totally conditioned for denitrification. Overall, findings suggest that bench-scale MBBR developed with biofilm forming denitrifying microbial seed accelerated the denitrification process; therefore in conclusion it is suggested as one of the best suitable and effective approach for removal of nitrate from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni J Patel
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - Upendra D Patel
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390001, India
| | - Anuradha S Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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6
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Effect of Aeration Mode on Microbial Structure and Efficiency of Treatment of TSS-Rich Wastewater from Meat Processing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10217414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of aeration mode on microbial structure and efficiency of treatment of wastewater with a high concentration of suspended solids (TSS) from meat processing in sequencing batch reactors (R). R1 was constantly aerated, while in R2 intermittent aeration was applied. DNA was isolated from biomass and analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and real-time PCR. As a result, in R1 aerobic granular sludge was cultivated (SVI30 = 44 mL g−1 MLSS), while in R2 a very well-settling mixture of aerobic granules and activated sludge was obtained (SVI30 = 65 mL g−1 MLSS). Intermittent aeration significantly increased denitrification and phosphorus removal efficiencies (68% vs. 43%, 73% vs. 65%, respectively) but resulted in decomposition of extracellular polymeric substances and worse-settling properties of biomass. In both reactors, microbial structure significantly changed in time; an increase in relative abundances of Arenimonas sp., Rhodobacterace, Thauera sp., and Dokdonella sp. characterized the biomass of stable treatment of meat-processing wastewater. Constant aeration in R1 cycle favored growth of glycogen-accumulating Amaricoccus tamworthensis (10.9%) and resulted in 2.4 times and 1.4 times greater number of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and full-denitrifiers genes in biomass, respectively, compared to the R2.
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Zhang X, Yuan H, Wang Y, Guan L, Zeng Z, Jiang Z, Zhang X. Cell Surface Energy Affects the Structure of Microalgal Biofilm. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3057-3063. [PMID: 32160744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae biofilm-based culture systems have wide applications in environmental engineering and biotechnology. Biofilm structure is critical for the transport of nutrients, gas, and signaling molecules in a microalgal biofilm. This work aims to understand the influence of cell surface energy (SE) on the microalgal biofilm structure. Three microalgae species were used as model cells in the study: Chlorella sp., Nannochloris oculata, and Chlorella pyrenoidosa. First, by mediating biofilm culture conditions, we obtained Chlorella sp. cells with SEs of 40.4 ± 1.5, 44.7 ± 1.0, and 62. 7 ± 1.2 mJ/m2, N. oculata cells with SEs of 47.7 ± 0.5, 41.1 ± 1.0, and 62.6 ± 1.2 mJ/m2, and C. pyrenoidosa cells with SEs of 64.0 ± 0.6, 62.1 ± 0.7, and 62.8 ± 0.6 mJ/m2. Then, based on the characterizations of biofilm structures, we found that cell SE can significantly affect the microalgae biofilm structure. When the cell SEs ranged from 40 to 50 mJ/m2, the microalgae cells formed heterogeneous biofilms with a large number of open voids, and the biofilm porosity was higher than 20%. Alternatively, when the cell SEs ranged from 50 to 65 mJ/m2, the cells formed a flat, homogeneous biofilm with the porosity lower than 20%. Finally, the influencing mechanism of cell SE on biofilm structure was interpreted based on the thermodynamic theory via analyzing the co-adhesion energy between cells. The study has important implications in understanding factors that influence the biofilm structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Libo Guan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyi Zeng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zeyi Jiang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Metallurgical Industry, Beijing 100083, China
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Morinaga K, Yoshida K, Takahashi K, Nomura N, Toyofuku M. Peculiarities of biofilm formation by Paracoccus denitrificans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2427-2433. [PMID: 32002601 PMCID: PMC7223048 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Most bacteria form biofilms, which are thick multicellular communities covered in extracellular matrix. Biofilms can become thick enough to be even observed by the naked eye, and biofilm formation is a tightly regulated process. Paracoccus denitrificans is a non-motile, Gram-negative bacterium that forms a very thin, unique biofilm. A key factor in the biofilm formed by this bacterium is a large surface protein named biofilm-associated protein A (BapA), which was recently reported to be regulated by cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (cyclic-di-GMP or c-di-GMP). Cyclic-di-GMP is a major second messenger involved in biofilm formation in many bacteria. Though cyclic-di-GMP is generally reported as a positive regulatory factor in biofilm formation, it represses biofilm formation in P. denitrificans. Furthermore, quorum sensing (QS) represses biofilm formation in this bacterium, which is also reported as a positive regulator of biofilm formation in most bacteria. The QS signal used in P. denitrificans is hydrophobic and is delivered through membrane vesicles. Studies on QS show that P. denitrificans can potentially form a thick biofilm but maintains a thin biofilm under normal growth conditions. In this review, we discuss the peculiarities of biofilm formation by P. denitrificans with the aim of deepening the overall understanding of bacterial biofilm formation and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Morinaga
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-17-2-1, Tsukisamu-higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Microbiology Research Center for Sustainability (MiCS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Mangwani N, Kumari S, Das S. Taxonomy and Characterization of Biofilm Forming Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria from Marine Environments. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1666890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mangwani
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Fanesi A, Paule A, Bernard O, Briandet R, Lopes F. The Architecture of Monospecific Microalgae Biofilms. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090352. [PMID: 31540235 PMCID: PMC6780892 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae biofilms have been proposed as an alternative to suspended cultures in commercial and biotechnological fields. However, little is known about their architecture that may strongly impact biofilm behavior, bioprocess stability, and productivity. In order to unravel the architecture of microalgae biofilms, four species of commercial interest were cultivated in microplates and characterized using a combination of confocal laser scanning microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. In all the species, the biofilm biovolume and thickness increased over time and reached a plateau after seven days; however, the final biomass reached was very different. The roughness decreased during maturation, reflecting cell division and voids filling. The extracellular polymeric substances content of the matrix remained constant in some species, and increased over time in some others. Vertical profiles showed that young biofilms presented a maximum cell density at 20 μm above the substratum co-localized with matrix components. In mature biofilms, the maximum density of cells moved at a greater distance from the substratum (30–40 μm), whereas the maximum coverage of matrix components remained in a deeper layer. Carbohydrates and lipids were the main macromolecules changing during biofilm maturation. Our results revealed that the architecture of microalgae biofilms is species-specific. However, time similarly affects the structural and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fanesi
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Armelle Paule
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Côte d'Azur, Inria, BIOCORE, BP 93, 06902 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France.
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Filipa Lopes
- Laboratoire Génie des Procédés et Matériaux (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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11
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Si YY, Xu KH, Yu XY, Wang MF, Chen XH. Complete genome sequence of Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 19367 and its denitrification characteristics. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:486-495. [PMID: 30897350 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies show that Paracoccus denitrificans can denitrify nitrogen sources under aerobic conditions. However, the lack of data on its genome sequence has restricted molecular studies and practical applications. In this study, the complete genome of P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 was sequenced and its nitrogen metabolism properties were characterized. The size of the whole genome is 5 242 327 bp, with two chromosomes and one plasmid. The average G + C content is 66.8%, and it contains 5308 protein-coding genes, 54 tRNA genes, and nine rRNA operons. Among the protein-coding genes, 71.35% could be assigned to the Gene Ontology (GO) pathway, 86.66% to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) pathway, and 50.57% to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Comparative genome analysis between P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 and P. denitrificans PD1222 revealed that there are 428 genes specific to ATCC 19367 and 4738 core genes. Furthermore, the expression of genes related to denitrification, biofilm formation, and nitrogen metabolism (nar, nir, and nor) by P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 under aerobic conditions was affected by incubation time and shaking speed. This study elucidates the genomic background of P. denitrificans ATCC 19367 and suggests the possibility of controlling nitrogen pollution in the environment by using this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Si
- a College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China.,b Key Laboratory for Marine Estuary Fishery Resources Protection of Yangjiang, Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang, 529566, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Hang Xu
- a College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yong Yu
- a College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Fang Wang
- a College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Han Chen
- b Key Laboratory for Marine Estuary Fishery Resources Protection of Yangjiang, Department of Food and Environmental Engineering, Yangjiang Polytechnic, Yangjiang, 529566, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sivaperumal P, Kamala K, Rajaram R. Adsorption of cesium ion by marine actinobacterium Nocardiopsis sp. 13H and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) role in bioremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4254-4267. [PMID: 29178016 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0818-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the cesium adsorption of marine actinobacterium Nocardiposis sp. 13H strain isolated from nuclear power plant sites in India. It could remove 88.6 ± 0.72% of Cs+ from test solution containing 10 mM CsCl2. The biosorption of Cs+ with different environmental factors such as pH, temperature, and time interval is also determined. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the Cs+ adsorption by Nocardiopsis sp. 13H. Most of the bound cesium was found to be associated extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) suggesting its interaction with the surface active groups. The main component of the EPS was carbohydrate followed by protein and nucleic acid. Further, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amide groups on the strain cell surface were likely to be involved in Cs+ adsorption. Results from this study show Nocardiopsis sp. 13H microorganism could be useful in exploring the biosorption of radioisotope pollution and developing efficient and eco-friendly biosorbent for environmental cleanup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchiah Sivaperumal
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India.
| | - Kannan Kamala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, India
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A Novel Methylotrophic Bacterial Consortium for Treatment of Industrial Effluents. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:691-704. [PMID: 29292474 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of methylotrophs in industrial wastewater treatment, focus of the present study was on utilization of a methylotrophic bacterial consortium as a microbial seed for biotreatment of a variety of industrial effluents. For this purpose, a mixed bacterial methylotrophic AC (Ankleshwar CETP) consortium comprising of Bordetella petrii AC1, Bacillus licheniformis AC4, Salmonella subterranea AC5, and Pseudomonas stutzeri AC8 was used. The AC consortium showed efficient biotreatment of four industrial effluents procured from fertilizer, chemical and pesticide industries, and common effluent treatment plant by lowering their chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 950-2000 mg/l to below detection limit in 60-96 h in 6-l batch reactor and 9-15 days in 6-l continuous reactor. The operating variables of wastewater treatment, viz. COD, BOD, pH, MLSS, MLVSS, SVI, and F/M ratio of these effluents, were also maintained in the permissible range in both batch and continuous reactors. Therefore, formation of the AC consortium has led to the development of an efficient microbial seed capable of treating a variety of industrial effluents containing pollutants generated from their respective industries.
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Yoshida K, Toyofuku M, Obana N, Nomura N. Biofilm formation by Paracoccus denitrificans requires a type I secretion system-dependent adhesin BapA. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:2966325. [PMID: 28158695 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccus denitrificans is a non-swimming Gram-negative bacterium, with versatile respiration capability which has remarkable potentials for bioremediation, especially in water treatment. Although biofilms are important in water treatment systems, the genetic mechanisms underlying the cellular adherence and biofilm formation of this bacterium remain unknown. We show that P. denitrificans forms a thin biofilm on surfaces at the air-liquid interface under static conditions. The initial step of biofilm formation requires a biofilm-associated protein BapA, which we identified by transposon mutant screening. BapA contains a unique sequence of dipeptide repeats of aspartate and alanine. Our data indicate that BapA is translocated to the extracellular milieu by a type 1 secretion system, where it enables the cells to attach to the substratum. Furthermore, superresolution microscopy shows that BapA is localized on the cell surface, which alters the cell surface hydrophobicity. Our results show a crucial role of BapA that promotes the adhesion and biofilm formation of P. denitrificans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Yoshida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Masanori Toyofuku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Nozomu Obana
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nomura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
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Du C, Cui CW, Qiu S, Shi SN, Li A, Ma F. Nitrogen removal and microbial community shift in an aerobic denitrification reactor bioaugmented with a Pseudomonas strain for coal-based ethylene glycol industry wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11435-11445. [PMID: 28316045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic denitrification system, initially bioaugmented with Pseudomonas strain T13, was established to treat coal-based ethylene glycol industry wastewater, which contained 3219 ± 86 mg/L total nitrogen (TN) and 1978 ± 14 mg/L NO3--N. In the current study, a stable denitrification efficiency of 53.7 ± 4.7% and nitrite removal efficiency of 40.1 ± 2.7% were achieved at different diluted influent concentrations. Toxicity evaluation showed that a lower toxicity of effluent was achieved when industry wastewater was treated by stuffing biofilm communities compared to suspended communities. Relatively high TN removal (~50%) and chemical oxygen demand removal percentages (>65%) were obtained when the influent concentration was controlled at below 50% of the raw industry wastewater. However, a further increased concentration led to a 20-30% decrease in nitrate and nitrite removal. Microbial network evaluation showed that a reduction in Pseudomonas abundance was induced during the succession of the microbial community. The napA gene analysis indicated that the decrease in nitrate and nitrite removal happened when abundance of Pseudomonas was reduced to less than 10% of the overall stuffing biofilm communities. Meanwhile, other denitrifying bacteria, such as Paracoccus, Brevundimonas, and Brucella, were subsequently enriched through symbiosis in the whole microbial network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Chong-Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Shan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China.
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Markande AR, Nerurkar AS. Bioemulsifier (BE-AM1) produced by Solibacillus silvestris AM1 is a functional amyloid that modulates bacterial cell-surface properties. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1153-1162. [PMID: 27669827 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1232716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel estuarine bacterial strain, Solibacillus silvestris AM1, produces an extracellular, thermostable and fibrous, glycoprotein bioemulsifier (BE-AM1). The amyloid nature of the bioemulsifier (BE-AM1) was confirmed by biophysical techniques (Congo red based polarization microscopy, ThioflavinS based fluorescent microscopy, fibrous arrangement in transmission electron microscopy and secondary structure measurement by FTIR and CD spectrum analysis). Cell-bound BE-AM1 production by S. silvestris AM1 during the mid-logarithmic phase of growth coincided with a decrease in cell surface hydrophobicity, and an increase in cell autoaggregation and biofilm formation. It was observed that the total interfacial interaction energy ([Formula: see text]) for the surface of the bioemulsifier producing S. silvestris AM1 and different derivatized surfaces of polystyrene (silanized and sulfonated) was found to support biofilm formation. This study has revealed that the BE-AM1, a bacterial bioemulsifier, is a functional amyloid and has a role in biofilm formation and cell surface modulation in S. silvestris AM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Markande
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
| | - A S Nerurkar
- a Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science , The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda , Vadodara , India
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Markande AR, Nerurkar AS. Microcosm-based interaction studies between members of two ecophysiological groups of bioemulsifier producer and a hydrocarbon degrader from the Indian intertidal zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14462-14471. [PMID: 27068903 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Isolates were obtained from intertidal zone site samples from all five western and one eastern coastal states of India and were screened. These ecophysiological groups of aerobic, mesophilic, heterotrophic, sporulating, and bioemulsifier-producing bacteria were from Planococcaceae and Bacillaceae. This is the first report of bioemulsifier production by Sporosarcina spp., Lysinibacillus spp., B. thuringiensis, and B. flexus. In this group, Solibacillus silvestris AM1 was found to produce the highest emulsification activity (62.5 %EI) and the sample that yielded it was used to isolate the ecophysiological group of non-bioemulsifier-producing, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria (belonging to Chromatiales and Bacillales). These yielded hitherto unreported degrader, Rheinheimera sp. CO6 which was selected for the interaction studies (in a microcosm) with bioemulsifier-producing S. silvestris AM1. The gas chromatographic study of these microcosm experiments revealed increased degradation of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) and the growth of Rheinheimera sp. CO6 in the presence of bioemulsifier produced by S. silvestris AM1. Enhancement of the growth of S. silvestris AM1 in the presence of Rheinheimera sp. CO6 was observed possibly due to reduced toxicity of BTX suggesting mutualistic association between the two. This study elucidates the presence and interaction between enhancers and degraders in a hydrocarbon-contaminated intertidal zone and contributes to the knowledge during application of the two in remediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Markande
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 390002.
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Bardoli, Gujarat, India, 394 350.
| | - A S Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, 390002
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18
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Markande AR, Kapagunta C, Patil PS, Nayak BB. Effective remediation of fish processing waste using mixed culture biofilms capable of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:1046-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop R. Markande
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) Seven Bungalows; Versova; Andheri (W) Mumbai India
| | - Chandrika Kapagunta
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) Seven Bungalows; Versova; Andheri (W) Mumbai India
| | - Pooja S. Patil
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) Seven Bungalows; Versova; Andheri (W) Mumbai India
| | - Binaya B. Nayak
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) Seven Bungalows; Versova; Andheri (W) Mumbai India
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Mangwani N, Shukla SK, Kumari S, Das S, Rao TS. Effect of biofilm parameters and extracellular polymeric substance composition on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra12824f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study with ten marine isolates demonstrates that the attached phenotypes of the marine bacteria showed significant variation in biofilm architecture and, in turn, biodegradation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mangwani
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology
- Department of Life Science
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela-769 008
- India
| | - Sudhir K. Shukla
- Biofouling & Biofilm Processes Section
- Water & Steam Chemistry Division
- BARC
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology
- Department of Life Science
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela-769 008
- India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology
- Department of Life Science
- National Institute of Technology
- Rourkela-769 008
- India
| | - T. Subba Rao
- Biofouling & Biofilm Processes Section
- Water & Steam Chemistry Division
- BARC
- Kalpakkam-603 102
- India
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20
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Srinandan CS, Elango M, Gnanadhas DP, Chakravortty D. Infiltration of Matrix-Non-producers Weakens the Salmonella Biofilm and Impairs Its Antimicrobial Tolerance and Pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1468. [PMID: 26779121 PMCID: PMC4688346 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms display a collective lifestyle, wherein the cells secrete extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that helps in adhesion, aggregation, stability, and to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. We asked whether the EPS could act as a public good for the biofilm and observed that infiltration of cells that do not produce matrix components weakened the biofilm of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. EPS production was costly for the producing cells, as indicated by a significant reduction in the fitness of wild type (WT) cells during competitive planktonic growth relative to the non-producers. Infiltration frequency of non-producers in the biofilm showed a concomitant decrease in overall productivity. It was apparent in the confocal images that the non-producing cells benefit from the EPS produced by the Wild Type (WT) to stay in the biofilm. The biofilm containing non-producing cells were more significantly susceptible to sodium hypochlorite and ciprofloxacin treatment than the WT biofilm. Biofilm infiltrated with non-producers delayed the pathogenesis, as tested in a murine model. The cell types were spatially assorted, with non-producers being edged out in the biofilm. However, cellulose was found to act as a barrier to keep the non-producers away from the WT microcolony. Our results show that the infiltration of non-cooperating cell types can substantially weaken the biofilm making it vulnerable to antibacterials and delay their pathogenesis. Cellulose, a component of EPS, was shown to play a pivotal role of acting as the main public good, and to edge-out the non-producers away from the cooperating microcolony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthy S Srinandan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, India; Biofilm Biology Lab, Centre for Research on Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Monalisha Elango
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India
| | - Divya P Gnanadhas
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, India; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, India; Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore, India
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21
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Singh S, Nerurkar AS, Srinandan CS. Nitrate levels modulate the abundance of Paracoccus sp. in a biofilm community. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:951-8. [PMID: 25838197 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conditions required to enhance a particular species efficient in degradative capabilities is very useful in wastewater treatment processes. Paracoccus sp. is known to efficiently reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) due to the branched denitrification pathway. Individual-based simulations showed that the relative fitness of Paracoccus sp. to Pseudomonas sp. increased significantly with nitrate levels above 5 mM. Spatial structure of the biofilm showed substantially less nitrite levels in the areas of Paracoccus sp. dominance. The simulation was validated in a laboratory reactor harboring biofilm community by fluorescent in situ hybridization, which showed that increasing nitrate levels enhanced the abundance of Paracoccus sp. Different levels of NOx did not display any significant effect on biofilm formation of Paracoccus sp., unlike several other bacteria. This study shows that the attribute of Paracoccus sp. to tolerate and efficiently reduce NOx is conferring a fitness payoff to the organism at high concentrations of nitrate in a multispecies biofilm community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Singh
- Biofilm Biology Laboratory, Anusandhan Kendra II, School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
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22
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Wan C, Lee DJ, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu X. Calcium precipitate induced aerobic granulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:32-37. [PMID: 25460981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granulation is a novel biotechnology for wastewater treatment. This study refined existing aerobic granulation mechanisms as a sequencing process including formation of calcium precipitate under alkaline pH to form inorganic cores, followed by bacterial attachment and growth on these cores to form the exopolysaccharide matrix. Mature granules comprised an inner core and a matrix layer and a rim layer with enriched microbial strains. The inorganic core was a mix of different crystals of calcium and phosphates. Functional strains including Sphingomonas sp., Paracoccus sp. Sinorhizobium americanum strain and Flavobacterium sp. attached onto the cores. These functional strains promote c-di-GMP production and the expression by Psl and Alg genes for exopolysaccharide production to enhance formation of mature granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingzu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Mangwani N, Shukla SK, Kumari S, Rao TS, Das S. Characterization of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila NCW-702 biofilm for implication in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1012-24. [PMID: 25040365 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Biofilm formation and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation by a marine bacterium Stenotrophomonas acidaminihila NCW-702 was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The biofilm structure was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Both planktonic and biofilm cultures were used for PAHs (phenanthrene and pyrene) degradation. In 7 days, Sten. acidaminiphila biofilm culture efficiently degraded 71·1 ± 3·1% and 40·2 ± 2·4% of phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively, whereas 38·7 ± 2·5% of phenanthrene and 29·7 ± 1% of pyrene degradation was observed in planktonic culture. The presence of phenolic intermediates in the culture supernatant during degradation process was evaluated by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The average thickness and diffusion distance of Sten. acidaminiphila NCW-702 biofilm was found to be 23·94 ± 2·62 μm and 2·68 ± 0·7 μm, respectively. Bacterial biofilms have numerous metabolic features that aid in the degradation of hydrophobic organic pollutants. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm of Sten. acidaminiphila NCW-702 was able to degrade PAHs more efficiently as compared to planktonic cells. The findings support the efficacy of biofilms over planktonic culture in bioremediation applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study provides a constructive application of bacterial biofilms for the bioremediation of hydrophobic organic contaminants. The biofilm mode remediation process has the advantage of reusability of bacterial biomass and is also a low cost process as compared to cell immobilization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mangwani
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Odisha, India
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Mangwani N, Shukla SK, Rao TS, Das S. Calcium-mediated modulation of Pseudomonas mendocina NR802 biofilm influences the phenanthrene degradation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 114:301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Yuan J, Chen Y, Zhou G, Chen H, Gao H. Investigation of roles of divalent cations in Shewanella oneidensis pellicle formation reveals unique impacts of insoluble iron. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5248-57. [PMID: 23911985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria adopt a variety of lifestyles in their natural habitats and can alternate among different lifestyles in response to environmental changes. At high cell densities, bacteria can form extracellular matrix encased cell population on submerged tangible surfaces (biofilms), or at the air-liquid interface (pellicles). Compared to biofilm, pellicle lifestyle allows for better oxygen access, but is metabolically more costly to maintain. Further understanding of pellicle formation and environmental cues that influence cellular choices between these lifestyles will definitely improve our appreciation of bacterial interaction with their environments. METHODS Shewanella oneidensis cells were cultured in 24-well plates with supplementation of varied divalent cations, and pellicles formed under such conditions were evaluated. Mutants defective in respiration of divalent cations were used to further characterize and confirm unique impacts of iron. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Small amount of Fe(2+) was essential for pellicle formation, but presence of over-abundant iron (0.3mM Fe(2+) or Fe(3+)) led to pellicle disassociation without impairing growth. Such impacts were found due to S. oneidensis-mediated formation of insoluble alternative electron acceptors (i.e., Fe3O4) under physiologically relevant conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cells preferred a lifestyle of forming biofilm and respiring on such insoluble electron acceptors under tested conditions, even to living in pellicles. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our finding suggests that bacterial lifestyle choice involves balanced evaluation of multiple aspects of environmental conditions, and yet-to-be-characterized signaling mechanism is very likely underlying such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yuan
- Institute of Microbiology and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Cobine PA, Cruz LF, Navarrete F, Duncan D, Tygart M, De La Fuente L. Xylella fastidiosa differentially accumulates mineral elements in biofilm and planktonic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54936. [PMID: 23349991 PMCID: PMC3551809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterial plant pathogen that infects numerous plant hosts. Disease develops when the bacterium colonizes the xylem vessels and forms a biofilm. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy was used to examine the mineral element content of this pathogen in biofilm and planktonic states. Significant accumulations of copper (30-fold), manganese (6-fold), zinc (5-fold), calcium (2-fold) and potassium (2-fold) in the biofilm compared to planktonic cells were observed. Other mineral elements such as sodium, magnesium and iron did not significantly differ between biofilm and planktonic cells. The distribution of mineral elements in the planktonic cells loosely mirrors the media composition; however the unique mineral element distribution in biofilm suggests specific mechanisms of accumulation from the media. A cell-to-surface attachment assay shows that addition of 50 to 100 µM Cu to standard X. fastidiosa media increases biofilm, while higher concentrations (>200 µM) slow cell growth and prevent biofilm formation. Moreover cell-to-surface attachment was blocked by specific chelation of copper. Growth of X. fastidiosa in microfluidic chambers under flow conditions showed that addition of 50 µM Cu to the media accelerated attachment and aggregation, while 400 µM prevented this process. Supplementation of standard media with Mn showed increased biofilm formation and cell-to-cell attachment. In contrast, while the biofilm accumulated Zn, supplementation to the media with this element caused inhibited growth of planktonic cells and impaired biofilm formation. Collectively these data suggest roles for these minerals in attachment and biofilm formation and therefore the virulence of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cobine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.
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27
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Srinandan CS, D'souza G, Srivastava N, Nayak BB, Nerurkar AS. Carbon sources influence the nitrate removal activity, community structure and biofilm architecture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 117:292-299. [PMID: 22617037 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Influence of the frequently used carbon sources in nitrate removal processes were evaluated in a lab-scale biofilm reactor. The NO3-N removal efficiency was in the order acetate>glucose>methanol>ethanol. Acetate-fed biofilm reduced nearly 100% NO3-N with negligible amount of NO2-N accumulation. Although 99% NO3-N was reduced in the glucose-fed biofilm, substantial NH3-N and NO2-N accumulated. Methanol-fed biofilm reduced 72% of NO3-N with accumulation of 2.2 mg L(-1) of NO2-N, while biofilm formed in presence of ethanol showed 61% reduction in NO3-N although relatively higher ratio of denitrifiers were observed. Acetate and ethanol-fed biofilm displayed characteristic biofilm architecture with voids, but the former had relatively higher thickness and diffusion distance. In presence of glucose and methanol, a confluent biofilm without characteristic voids was formed. Pseudomonas sp. numerically dominated the acetate and ethanol-fed biofilm, while Enterobacter sp. and Methylobacillus sp., were abundant in glucose and methanol biofilms respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Srinandan
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390 002, India
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van der Waal SV, van der Sluis LWM. Potential of calcium to scaffold an endodontic biofilm, thus protecting the micro-organisms from disinfection. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:1-4. [PMID: 22537407 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms in the root canal of a tooth (endodontic biofilm) can induce and sustain apical periodontitis which is an oral inflammatory disease. Still, little is known about the composition of the endodontic biofilm. Studies on biofilms in root canals focus on the identification of the microbial species, but the majority of the biofilm consists of matrix material. Environmental aspects determine the structure of the biofilm and extracellular matrix. Calcium is involved in biofilm formation and activity at three levels. Firstly in cell-environment; calcium may 'condition' the surfaces of support and bacterial cells. Secondly, in cell-cell interaction; calcium plays a role in build up of biofilm structures. Typically, calcium ions act as 'cation bridges' between polysaccharides originating from different cells. Thirdly, within cells, calcium is required for certain biochemical reactions in bacteria and some bacterial physiological activities. Because calcium is present in the root canal, it could play a significant role in the organization of the biofilm. Chelators, already used in endodontics to remove the smear layer by disintegration of the structural cohesion calcium bonds, could weaken the biofilm matrix by removing calcium from the extracellular matrix thus disturbing its coherence. Subsequently, this disruption could increase the efficacy of disinfecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzette V van der Waal
- Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Department of Conservative & Preventive Dentistry, Room 13N-15, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wu MY, Sendamangalam V, Xue Z, Seo Y. The influence of biofilm structure and total interaction energy on Escherichia coli retention by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:1119-1128. [PMID: 23075008 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.732070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The retention of a surrogate pathogenic bacterium, Escherichia coli(T) , in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms (with various EPS excreting capacities) was investigated using a laboratory flow cell system. The structural characteristics of the biofilm, as well as the quantity of E. coli(T) retained in the biofilm, were assessed using confocal laser scanning microscopy coupled with image analysis. In addition, the total interaction energy between E. coli(T) and the P. aeruginosa biofilm was computed with the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory, which provided an additional context to explain the pathogen interaction in aquatic biofilms. The correlations between the quantity of detained E. coli(T) cells and the structural characteristics of the biofilm were analysed and the results indicated that the heterogeneity of the biofilm could create a quiescent zone leading to temporary retention of E. coli(T) within the biofilm. Overall, this study provided insights toward understanding the retention of pathogenic bacteria in environmental biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mau-Yi Wu
- Department of Civil and Engineering , University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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Srinandan CS, Shah M, Patel B, Nerurkar AS. Assessment of denitrifying bacterial composition in activated sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9481-9489. [PMID: 21868215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The abundance and structure of denitrifying bacterial community in different activated sludge samples were assessed, where the abundance of denitrifying functional genes showed nirS in the range of 10(4)-10(5), nosZ with 10(4)-10(6) and 16S rRNA gene in the range 10(9)-10(10) copy number per ml of sludge. The culturable approach revealed Pseudomonas sp. and Alcaligenes sp. to be numerically high, whereas culture independent method showed betaproteobacteria to dominate the sludge samples. Comamonas sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates showed efficient denitrification, while Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas stutzeri and Brevundimonas diminuta accumulated nitrite during denitrification. Numerically dominant RFLP OTUs of the nosZ gene from the fertilizer factory sludge samples clustered with the known isolates of betaproteobacteria. The data also suggests the presence of different truncated denitrifiers with high numbers in sludge habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Srinandan
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Comparison of Denitrification Between Paracoccus sp. and Diaphorobacter sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:260-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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