1
|
Wassick A, Hunsucker KZ, Swain G. Measuring the recruitment and growth of biofouling communities using clear recruitment panels. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:643-660. [PMID: 37537897 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2243236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Ecological monitoring has been recognized as a key tool for guiding biofouling management practices. A two-year study was designed to collect comprehensive data on the biofouling community progression at Port Canaveral, Florida, using clear recruitment panels and a scanner to directly observe organisms attached to the surface. This method allowed for minimal disruption to the natural community development and aided the collection of a suite of metrics to explore environmental relationships. Seasonal changes in community composition and biofouling pressure, especially at earlier stages, were related to abiotic conditions. Interannual variation within seasonal communities was also observed. The type of dominant organism present impacted the rate at which surfaces were covered (e.g. fastest cover with tunicates) and the overall biomass accumulation (e.g. highest rate with tubeworms). Results highlight that understanding the influence of the time of year and the dominant organism identity is ecologically vital for improving biofouling management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Wassick
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, FL Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Kelli Z Hunsucker
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, FL Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey Swain
- Center for Corrosion and Biofouling Control, FL Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cahill PL, Davidson IC, Atalah JA, Cornelisen C, Hopkins GA. Toward integrated pest management in bivalve aquaculture. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4427-4437. [PMID: 35759345 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pests of bivalve aquaculture are a challenging problem that can reduce productivity, profitability and sustainability. A range of pest management approaches have been developed for bivalve aquaculture, but a general absence of guiding frameworks has limited the scale and permanency of implementation. Applying principles of 'integrated pest management' (IPM) could change this paradigm to improve economic and environmental outcomes. We reviewed existing research and tools for pest management in bivalve aquaculture, with studies grouped under five pillars of IPM: pest ecology (25 studies), bioeconomic cost-benefits (4 studies), continual monitoring (17 studies), proactive prevention (32 studies) and reactive control (65 studies). This body of knowledge, along with insights from terrestrial agriculture, provide a strong foundation for developing and implementing IPM in bivalve aquaculture. For example, IPM principles have been applied by a regional collective of oyster farmers in the US Pacific Northwest to optimize pesticide application and search for other options to control problematic burrowing shrimps. However, IPM has not yet been broadly applied in aquaculture, and data gaps and barriers to implementation need to be addressed. Priorities include establishing meaningful pest-crop bioeconomic relationships for various bivalve farming systems and improving the efficacy and operational scale of treatment approaches. An IPM framework also could guide potential step-change improvements through directing selective breeding for resistance to pests, development of bespoke chemical control agents, applying emerging technologies for remote surveillance and farm management, and regional alignment of management interventions. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nall CR, Schläppy ML, Cottier-Cook EJ, Guerin AJ. Influence of coating type, colour, and deployment timing on biofouling by native and non-native species in a marine renewable energy context. BIOFOULING 2022; 38:729-745. [PMID: 36100232 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2121209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling on marine renewable energy devices presents engineering challenges for this developing sector, and has implications for the spread of marine non-native species (NNS) in coastal waters. This is particularly true at sites with abundant energy resource, little existing infrastructure, and few established NNS. Device coatings, such as antifouling paints, could reduce the risk of NNS spread. Settlement on coatings of various types and colours, representing those likely to be used on renewable energy devices, was assessed in the Orkney Islands, northern Scotland. Assemblage composition, but not overall biofouling cover, varied initially among different coloured surfaces, although differences decreased over time. Different coating types (an anticorrosive paint, a biocidal paint and a fouling-release coating) differed in biofouling abundance and composition for the full duration of the experiment. NNS were mostly, but not completely, absent from antifouling surfaces. These results can help informing antifouling strategies for the marine renewable energy industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Nall
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Marie-Lise Schläppy
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Cottier-Cook
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Argyll, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Guerin
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Thurso, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lins DM, Rocha RM. Invasive species fouling Perna perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) mussel farms. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113829. [PMID: 35709680 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive, fouling species increase management costs and reduce mussel growth, which jeopardizes mariculture. We studied the distribution of eight invasive species in Santa Catarina, the leading mussel producer in Brazil. Our goals were to determine their spatial distribution and prevalence on farm structures (buoys, long lines, and mussel socks), as well as understand the relevance of propagule pressure (recruitment), port distance, and area of the farm in this distribution. Although present in all sites, adult and recruits distribution were spatially restricted, showing that species might have a metapopulation structure. The most prevalent species were the ascidian Styela plicata, the barnacle Megabalanus coccopoma, the bryozoan Schizoporella errata, and the polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum. Recruitment was the main driver of three species distribution while distance to port explained only one species distribution. Based on those results, we discuss policy options, management, and regulation enforcement, that can be used in the mussel aquaculture elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Lins
- Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rosana M Rocha
- Zoology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolajo OO, Pandit C, Thapa BS, Pandit S, Mathuriya AS, Gupta PK, Jadhav D, Lahiri D, Nag M, Upadhye VJ. Impact of cathode biofouling in microbial fuel cells and mitigation techniques. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Bannister J, Sievers M, Bush F, Bloecher N. Biofouling in marine aquaculture: a review of recent research and developments. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:631-648. [PMID: 31339358 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1640214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofouling in marine aquaculture is one of the main barriers to efficient and sustainable production. Owing to the growth of aquaculture globally, it is pertinent to update previous reviews to inform management and guide future research. Here, the authors highlight recent research and developments on the impacts, prevention and control of biofouling in shellfish, finfish and seaweed aquaculture, and the significant gaps that still exist in aquaculturalists' capacity to manage it. Antifouling methods are being explored and developed; these are centred on harnessing naturally occurring antifouling properties, culturing fouling-resistant genotypes, and improving farming strategies by adopting more sensitive and informative monitoring and modelling capabilities together with novel cleaning equipment. While no simple, quick-fix solutions to biofouling management in existing aquaculture industry situations have been developed, the expectation is that effective methods are likely to evolve as aquaculture develops into emerging culture scenarios, which will undoubtedly influence the path for future solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Bannister
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast and Estuaries, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Flora Bush
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dobretsov S, Coutinho R, Rittschof D, Salta M, Ragazzola F, Hellio C. The oceans are changing: impact of ocean warming and acidification on biofouling communities. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:585-595. [PMID: 31282218 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1624727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change (CC) is driving modification of the chemical and physical properties of estuaries and oceans with profound consequences for species and ecosystems. Numerous studies investigate CC effects from species to ecosystem levels, but little is known of the impacts on biofilm communities and on bioactive molecules such as cues, adhesives and enzymes. CC is induced by anthropogenic activity increasing greenhouse emissions leading to rises in air and water temperatures, ocean acidification, sea level rise and changes in ocean gyres and rainfall patterns. These environmental changes are resulting in alterations within marine communities and changes in species ranges and composition. This review provides insights and synthesis of knowledge about the effect of elevated temperature and ocean acidification on microfouling communities and bioactive molecules. The existing studies suggest that CC will impact production of bioactive compounds as well as the growth and composition of biofouling communities. Undoubtedly, with CC fouling management will became an even greater challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Dobretsov
- Marine Science and Fisheries Department, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University , Sultanate of Oman
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ricardo Coutinho
- Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira , Praia dos Anjos, Arraial do Cabo , RJ , Brazil
| | - Daniel Rittschof
- Nicholas School, Duke University Marine Laboratory , Beaufort USA
| | - Maria Salta
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Federica Ragazzola
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Claire Hellio
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Envionnement Marin (LEMAR), Université de Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer , Plouzané , France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
South PM, Floerl O, Jeffs AG. The role of biofouling development in the loss of seed mussels in aquaculture. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:259-272. [PMID: 30983415 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1596261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficient seeding of juvenile mussels is critical to the sustainability and profitability of mussel aquaculture. However, seeding mussels is highly inefficient, with many juveniles being lost in the following few months. One possible cause of these losses could be the development of biofouling assemblages. Therefore, the relationships between biofouling accumulation and losses of juveniles were assessed. Losses of juvenile mussels were initially high (42.9-49.1% over approximately one to two weeks), with lower rates of loss over the following four to five months. Biofouling development followed a successional pattern beginning with colonisation by amphipods, subsequent establishment of macroalgae, and the formation of an assemblage dominated by mussels and sessile invertebrates. However, biofouling development did not play a major role in the loss of juveniles. Rather, large-scale losses of mussels occurred shortly after seeding when biofouling was scant, suggesting alternative causes of loss were in operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M South
- a Cawthron Institute , Nelson , New Zealand
- b Institute of Marine Science & School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | | | - Andrew G Jeffs
- b Institute of Marine Science & School of Biological Sciences , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martell L, Bracale R, Carrion SA, Purcell JE, Lezzi M, Gravili C, Piraino S, Boero F. Successional dynamics of marine fouling hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) at a finfish aquaculture facility in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195352. [PMID: 29608614 PMCID: PMC5880403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is increasing rapidly to meet global seafood demand. Some hydroid populations have been linked to mortality and health issues in finfish and shellfish, but their dynamics in and around aquaculture farms remain understudied. In the present work, two experiments, each with 36 panels, tested colonization (factors: depth, season of immersion) and succession (factors: depth, submersion duration) over one year. Hydroid surface cover was estimated for each species, and data were analyzed with multivariate techniques. The assemblage of hydrozoans was species-poor, although species richness, frequency and abundance increased with time, paralleling the overall increase in structural complexity of fouling assemblages. Submersion duration and season of immersion were particularly important in determining the species composition of the assemblages in the succession and colonization experiments, respectively. Production of water-borne propagules, including medusae, from the hydroids was observed from locally abundant colonies, among them the well-known fouling species Obelia dichotoma, potentially representing a nuisance for cultured fish through contact-driven envenomations and gill disorders. The results illustrate the potential importance of fouling hydroids and their medusae to the health of organisms in the aquaculture industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martell
- University Museum of Bergen, Department of Natural History, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberta Bracale
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Steven A. Carrion
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Purcell
- Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marco Lezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gravili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Boero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
- CoNISMa, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, Rome, Italy
- CNR-ISMAR, Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, UO Genova, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sievers M, Fitridge I, Bui S, Dempster T. To treat or not to treat: a quantitative review of the effect of biofouling and control methods in shellfish aquaculture to evaluate the necessity of removal. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:755-767. [PMID: 28876130 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1361937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The global growth of farmed shellfish production has resulted in considerable research investigating how biofouling compromises farm productivity. Shellfish fitness can be compared between fouled stock and stock which has undergone treatment. As treatment options are often harsh, they may deleteriously affect stock. The projected impact of biofouling may therefore be confounded by the impact of treatments. Given the substantial cost of fouling removal, some have questioned the necessity of biofouling mitigation strategies. Meta-analysis revealed that biofouling typically reduces shellfish fitness. However, the fitness of treated stock was often lower or equal to fouled control stock, indicating that many common antifouling (AF) strategies are ineffective at enhancing farm productivity. Overall, caution and diligence are required to successfully implement biofouling mitigation strategies. The need remains for increased passive prevention approaches and novel AF strategies suitable for shellfish culture, such as strategic siting of bivalve farms in areas of low biofouling larval supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sievers
- a Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of BioSciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
- b School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Isla Fitridge
- a Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of BioSciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| | - Samantha Bui
- a Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of BioSciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
- c Institute of Marine Research , Matre , Norway
| | - Tim Dempster
- a Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), School of BioSciences , University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bloecher N, Floerl O, Sunde LM. Amplified recruitment pressure of biofouling organisms in commercial salmon farms: potential causes and implications for farm management. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:163-172. [PMID: 25686515 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1012713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of biofouling on finfish aquaculture farms presents challenges for the industry, but the factors underlying nuisance growths are still not well understood. Artificial settlement surfaces were used to examine two possible explanations for high rates of biofouling in Norwegian salmon farms: (1) increased propagule release during net cleaning operations, resulting in elevated recruitment rates; and (2) potential reservoir effects of farm surfaces. The presence of salmon farms was associated with consistently and substantially (up to 49-fold) elevated recruitment rates. Temporal patterns of recruitment were not driven by net cleaning. Resident populations of biofouling organisms were encountered on all submerged farm surfaces. Calculations indicate that a resident population of the hydroid Ectopleura larynx, a major biofouling species, could release between 0.3 × 10(9) and 4.7 × 10(9) larvae per farm annually. Such resident populations could form propagule reservoirs and be one explanation for the elevated recruitment pressure at salmon farms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Bloecher
- a Fisheries and Aquaculture , SINTEF , Trondheim , Norway
| | | | | |
Collapse
|