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Bayani F, Hashkavaei NS, Arjmand S, Rezaei S, Uskoković V, Alijanianzadeh M, Uversky VN, Ranaei Siadat SO, Mozaffari-Jovin S, Sefidbakht Y. An overview of the vaccine platforms to combat COVID-19 with a focus on the subunit vaccines. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 178:32-49. [PMID: 36801471 PMCID: PMC9938630 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus that has caused the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic. The current approved COVID-19 vaccines have shown considerable efficiency against hospitalization and death. However, the continuation of the pandemic for more than two years and the likelihood of new strain emergence despite the global rollout of vaccination highlight the immediate need for the development and improvement of vaccines. mRNA, viral vector, and inactivated virus vaccine platforms were the first members of the worldwide approved vaccine list. Subunit vaccines. which are vaccines based on synthetic peptides or recombinant proteins, have been used in lower numbers and limited countries. The unavoidable advantages of this platform, including safety and precise immune targeting, make it a promising vaccine with wider global use in the near future. This review article summarizes the current knowledge on different vaccine platforms, focusing on the subunit vaccines and their clinical trial advancements against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bayani
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sareh Arjmand
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shokouh Rezaei
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA; TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA, 92604, USA
| | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | | | - Sina Mozaffari-Jovin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Bayani F, Safaei Hashkavaei N, Karamian MR, Uskoković V, Sefidbakht Y. In silico design of a multi-epitope vaccine against the spike and the nucleocapsid proteins of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:11748-11762. [PMID: 36703619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2170470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies can comprise an effective approach to treating and preventing viral infections. Since 2019, the world has been dealing with the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The most important achievement in this short period of time in the effort to reduce morbidity and mortality was the production of vaccines and effective antiviral drugs. Although the virus has been significantly suppressed, it continues to evolve, spread, and evade the host's immune system. Recently, researchers have turned to immunoinformatics tools to reduce side effects and save the time and cost of traditional vaccine production methods. In the present study, an attempt has been made to design a multi-epitope vaccine with humoral and cellular immune response stimulation against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 by investigating new mutations in spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The population coverage of the vaccine was evaluated as appropriate compared to other studies. The results of molecular dynamics simulation and molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations predict the stability and proper interaction of the vaccine with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) as an innate immune receptor. The results of the immune simulation show a significant increase in the coordinated response of IgM and IgG after the third injection of the vaccine. Also, in the continuation of the research, spike proteins from BA.4 and BA.5 lineages were screened by immunoinformatics filters and effective epitopes were suggested for vaccine design. Despite the high precision of computational studies, in-vivo and in-vitro research is needed for final confirmation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bayani
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Reza Karamian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vuk Uskoković
- TardigradeNano LLC, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yahya Sefidbakht
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Fu L, Zhao L, Liang M, Ran K, Fu J, Qiu H, Li F, Shu M. Identification of potential CAMKK2 inhibitors based on virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2022.2123945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Fu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meichen Liang
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Ran
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Fu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mao Shu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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