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Khan MS, Shahid I, Bennis A, Rakisheva A, Metra M, Butler J. Global epidemiology of heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:717-734. [PMID: 38926611 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-01046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome marked by substantial morbidity and mortality. The natural history of HF is well established; however, epidemiological data are continually evolving owing to demographic shifts, advances in treatment and variations in access to health care. Although the incidence of HF has stabilized or declined in high-income countries over the past decade, its prevalence continues to increase, driven by an ageing population, an increase in risk factors, the effectiveness of novel therapies and improved survival. This rise in prevalence is increasingly noted among younger adults and is accompanied by a shift towards HF with preserved ejection fraction. However, disparities exist in our epidemiological understanding of HF burden and progression in low-income and middle-income countries owing to the lack of comprehensive data in these regions. Therefore, the current epidemiological landscape of HF highlights the need for periodic surveillance and resource allocation tailored to geographically vulnerable areas. In this Review, we highlight global trends in the burden of HF, focusing on the variations across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. We also discuss evolving population-based estimates of HF incidence and prevalence, the risk factors for and aetiologies of this disease, and outcomes in different geographical regions and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izza Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Bennis
- Department of Cardiology, The Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology Unit and Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
- Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Zhu J, Liu J, He X, Wang L, Liu X, Yang J, Sun H, Azhar N, Oduro NB. Experimental study on the purification capacity of potted plants on low-concentration carbon monoxide in indoor environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6316-6331. [PMID: 38146024 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31497-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Indoor low-concentration carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is widespread worldwide, and potted plants may be a potential means for CO purification. The objective is to evaluate common indoor plants' CO purification and tolerance capacities. Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting, Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques, Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. & K.Krause, and Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain with similar sizes were tested in the glass chamber with initial CO concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm, respectively. (1) The CO purification capacity of the four potted plants is ranked as Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting > Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques > Spathiphyllum kochii Engl. & K.Krause > Sansevieria trifasciata Hort. ex Prain. Under the purification effect of each plant, the CO concentration in the chamber decreases linearly and significantly (p < 0.05), and within a specific time period, the time-weighted average (TWA) CO concentrations can be reduced to below the corresponding permissible exposure limits specified by some countries and organizations. (2) With the increase of the stomatal number of each plant and the increase in CO concentration, the hourly and cumulative absorbed CO of each plant increase linearly and significantly (p < 0.05). (3) With the increase in CO concentration, the CO purification efficiency of each plant decreases exponentially and significantly (p < 0.05). (4) When the CO concentration was ≤ 50 ppm, all plants could effectively purify CO without damage. When the CO concentration was in the range of 100 ~ 400 ppm, within 2 weeks after the 48-h experiment, the leaf tips of Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacques and Epipremnum aureum (Linden ex André) G.S.Bunting were damaged one after another, and the damaged leaf area increased with the increase of CO concentration. However, each plant as a whole still survived. This study demonstrated that different species of potted plants can effectively absorb low concentrations of CO to varying degrees, but higher concentrations of CO will damage the survival of specific species of potted plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintuo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinjian He
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haisong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Noor Azhar
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nkansah Benjamin Oduro
- Key Laboratory of Coal Methane and Fire Control, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- National Professional Laboratory for Fundamental Research of Mine Gas and Dust Control Technology, School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Yoo JE, Jeong SM, Yeo Y, Jung W, Yoo J, Han K, Lee CM, Park JH, Park KW, Shin DW. Smoking Cessation Reduces the Risk of Heart Failure: A Nationwide Cohort Study. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2023; 11:277-287. [PMID: 36647926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of data for the incidence of heart failure (HF) according to changes in smoking behaviors. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to investigate the effects of smoking behavior change on development of HF. METHODS In this population-based, retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance System database, the authors identified 778,608 current smokers who participated in a health screening program in 2009 and in a follow-up screening in 2011. Participants were categorized into quitters, reducers I (≥50% reduction) and II (<50% reduction), sustainers, and increasers. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.3 years, there were 23,329 HF events (4.8 per 1,000 person-years). Compared with sustainers, the risk of HF was increased among increasers (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.06 [95% CI: 1.02-1.10]). By contrast, quitters had a reduced risk for HF (aHR: 0.86 [95% CI: 0.83-0.90]). Even heavy smokers who quit smoking had a lower risk for HF than those who sustained heavy smoking (aHR: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.85-0.95]). In reducers, the risk of HF was not reduced but rather increased slightly (≥50% reduction, aHR: 1.06 [95% CI: 1.01-1.11]; <50% reduction, aHR: 1.04 [95% CI: 1.00-1.08]). CONCLUSIONS Current smokers who increased their smoking amount were associated with a higher risk for HF development compared to sustainers, whereas self-reported smoking cessation was associated with a lower risk of HF. There was no benefit from reduction in smoking amount. Self-reported smoking cessation should be reinforced whenever possible to prevent HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Min Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohwan Yeo
- Department of Family Medicine, Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Jung
- Department of Family Medicine, Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhwan Yoo
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Woo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Targeting the alternative oxidase (AOX) for human health and food security, a pharmaceutical and agrochemical target or a rescue mechanism? Biochem J 2022; 479:1337-1359. [PMID: 35748702 PMCID: PMC9246349 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most threatening human diseases are due to a blockage of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In a variety of plants, fungi, and prokaryotes, there is a naturally evolved mechanism for such threats to viability, namely a bypassing of the blocked portion of the ETC by alternative enzymes of the respiratory chain. One such enzyme is the alternative oxidase (AOX). When AOX is expressed, it enables its host to survive life-threatening conditions or, as in parasites, to evade host defenses. In vertebrates, this mechanism has been lost during evolution. However, we and others have shown that transfer of AOX into the genome of the fruit fly and mouse results in a catalytically engaged AOX. This implies that not only is the AOX a promising target for combating human or agricultural pathogens but also a novel approach to elucidate disease mechanisms or, in several cases, potentially a therapeutic cure for human diseases. In this review, we highlight the varying functions of AOX in their natural hosts and upon xenotopic expression, and discuss the resulting need to develop species-specific AOX inhibitors.
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Pan Y, Xu L, Yang X, Chen M, Gao Y. The common characteristics and mutual effects of heart failure and atrial fibrillation: initiation, progression, and outcome of the two aging-related heart diseases. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:837-847. [PMID: 33768377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are common chronic diseases noted in humans. AF and HF share several risk factors, such as age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. They can interact with each other, while both their morbidity and mortality have been considerably increased. And AF and HF often occur together, suggesting a strong association between the two. However, the underlying mechanism behind this association is not well understood. Among them, aging is the most significant common risk factor, which represents an aging heart and is characterized by fibrosis and decreased number of cardiomyocytes, known as senescence-related cardiac remodeling for both atria and ventricles. Finally, it is proposed that cardiac remodeling is the key link between AF and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Pan
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Li Xu
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Lu Y, Xu Z, Georgakis MK, Wang Z, Lin H, Zheng L. Smoking and heart failure: a Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis. ESC Heart Fail 2021; 8:1954-1965. [PMID: 33656795 PMCID: PMC8120408 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims We performed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the associations of ever smoking, lifelong smoking duration, and smoking cessation with heart failure (HF) risk. Methods and results We extracted genetic variants associated with smoking initiation, age at initiation of regular smoking, cigarettes per day, and smoking cessation from the genome‐wide association study and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine use (1.2 million individuals), as well as a composite lifetime smoking index from the UK Biobank (462 690 individuals). The associations between smoking phenotypes and HF were explored in the Heart Failure Molecular Epidemiology for Therapeutic Targets Consortium (47 309 cases; 930 014 controls) employing inverse variance‐weighted meta‐analysis and multivariable MR. The mediation effects of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation on smoking–HF risk were explored using mediation analysis. The odds ratios (ORs) for HF were 1.28 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–1.36; P = 1.5 × 10−18] for ever regular smokers compared with never smokers and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.09–1.44; P = 1.6 × 10−3) for current smokers vs. former smokers. Genetic liability to smoking more cigarettes per day (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.20–1.58; P = 6.4 × 10−6) and a higher composite lifetime smoking index (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.31–1.70; P = 2.5 × 10−9) were associated with a higher risk of HF. The results were robust and consistent in all sensitivity analyses and multivariable MR after adjusting for HF risk factors, and their associations were independent of coronary artery disease and atrial fibrillation. Conclusions Genetic liability to ever smoking and a higher lifetime smoking burden are associated with a higher risk of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Zhouming Xu
- Huzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Marios K Georgakis
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Hefeng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
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El-Shetry M, Mahfouz R, Frere AF, Abdeldayem M. The interplay between atrial fibrillation and acute myocardial infarction. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2021; 82:1-9. [PMID: 33646024 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most frequently occurring supraventricular arrhythmia in patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. It is associated with worse outcomes when it coexists with acute myocardial infarction and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Both conditions are closely related to each other and share similar pathophysiological pathways. The management of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute myocardial infarction is challenging since triple antithrombotic therapy is indicated, but this results in a markedly increased risk of bleeding events and mortality. This review addresses the interactions between both conditions including common risk factors, possible mechanisms through which acute myocardial infarction contributes to development of atrial fibrillation and vice versa, and the problem of using anticoagulation in the management of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ragab Mahfouz
- Department of Cardiology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Short-Term Cigarette Smoking in Rats Impairs Physical Capacity and Induces Cardiac Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2589892. [PMID: 33299864 PMCID: PMC7704129 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2589892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the strong evidence on the cardiac and renal damages after chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, there is a paucity of data on its short-term effects. The study evaluated the short-term effects of cigarette smoking on left ventricular (LV) remodeling, in vitro myocardial and renal function. Female Wistar rats were randomized to control (C) and cigarette smoking rats for eight weeks. Physical capacity was assessed using an adapted model of exhaustive swim; left ventricle (LV) morphology and function were also evaluated. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance and urine protein. The in vitro myocardial performance was analyzed in isolated papillary muscles. Rats exhibited reduced physical capacity after short-term cigarette smoking. Although there was no change on LV function, reduced chamber diameter was found in the smoking group associated with an increased LV wall thickness. There was augmented cardiac mass compared to C that was confirmed by increased cardiomyocyte nucleus volume, but in vitro myocardial performance and renal function were unchanged. A short-term cigarette smoking induces cardiac remodeling without abnormalities in function. The smoking group still preserved renal function and in vitro myocardial performance. However, the reduced physical capacity may suggest an impairment of the cardiac reserve.
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Börschel CS, Schnabel RB. The imminent epidemic of atrial fibrillation and its concomitant diseases - Myocardial infarction and heart failure - A cause for concern. Int J Cardiol 2019; 287:162-173. [PMID: 30528622 PMCID: PMC6524760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.11.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common in the general population. It often coincides with myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF) which are also diseases in older adults. All three conditions share common cardiovascular risk factors. While hypertension and obesity are central risk factors for all three diseases, smoking and diabetes appear to have less impact on AF. To date, age is the single most important risk factor for AF in the general population. Further, epidemiological studies suggest a strong association of AF to MI and HF. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and not fully understood. Both MI and HF can trigger development of AF, mainly by promoting structural and electrical atrial remodeling. On the other hand, AF facilitates HF and MI development via multiple mechanisms, resulting in a vicious circle of cardiac impairment and adverse cardiovascular prognosis. Consequently, to prevent and treat the coincidence of AF and HF or MI a strict optimization of cardiovascular risk factors is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin S Börschel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Muller PDT, Barbosa GW, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:859. [PMID: 31354517 PMCID: PMC6635481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and physical inactivity are important preventable causes of disability and early death worldwide. Reduced exercise tolerance has been described in smokers, even in those who do not fulfill the extant physiological criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are not particularly sedentary. In this context, it is widely accepted that exercise capacity depends on complex cardio-pulmonary interactions which support oxygen (O2) delivery to muscle mitochondria. Although peripheral muscular factors, O2 transport disturbances (including the effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin) and autonomic nervous system unbalance have been emphasized, other derangements have been more recently described, including early microscopic emphysema, pulmonary microvascular disease, ventilatory and gas exchange inefficiency, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Using an integrative physiological approach, the present review summarizes the recent advances in knowledge on the effects of smoking on the lung-heart-muscle axis under the stress of exercise. Special attention is given to the mechanisms connecting physiological abnormalities such as early cardio-pulmonary derangements, inadequate oxygen delivery and utilization, and generalized bioenergetic disturbances at the muscular level with the negative sensations (sense of heightened muscle effort and breathlessness) that may decrease the tolerance of smokers to physical exercise. A deeper understanding of the systemic effects of smoking in subjects who did not (yet) show evidences of COPD and ischemic heart disease - two devastating smoking related diseases - might prove instrumental to fight their ever-growing burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Tarso Muller
- Laboratory of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Walter Barbosa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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11
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Kamimura D, Cain LR, Mentz RJ, White WB, Blaha MJ, DeFilippis AP, Fox ER, Rodriguez CJ, Keith RJ, Benjamin EJ, Butler J, Bhatnagar A, Robertson RM, Winniford MD, Correa A, Hall ME. Cigarette Smoking and Incident Heart Failure: Insights From the Jackson Heart Study. Circulation 2018; 137:2572-2582. [PMID: 29661945 PMCID: PMC6085757 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking has been linked with several factors associated with cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking is associated with left ventricular (LV) structure and function, and incident heart failure (HF) hospitalization. METHODS We investigated 4129 (never smoker n=2884, current smoker n=503, and former smoker n=742) black participants (mean age, 54 years; 63% women) without a history of HF or coronary heart disease at baseline in the Jackson Heart Study. We examined the relationships between cigarette smoking and LV structure and function by using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging among 1092 participants, cigarette smoking and brain natriuretic peptide levels among 3325 participants, and incident HF hospitalization among 3633 participants with complete data. RESULTS After adjustment for confounding factors, current smoking was associated with higher mean LV mass index and lower mean LV circumferential strain (P<0.05, for both) in comparison with never smoking. Smoking status, intensity, and burden were associated with higher mean brain natriuretic peptide levels (all P<0.05). Over 8.0 years (7.7-8.0) median follow-up, there were 147 incident HF hospitalizations. After adjustment for traditional risk factors and incident coronary heart disease, current smoking (hazard ratio, 2.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.71-4.64), smoking intensity among current smokers (≥20 cigarettes/d: hazard ratio, 3.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-7.32), and smoking burden among ever smokers (≥15 pack-years: hazard ratio, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-3.3) were significantly associated with incident HF hospitalization in comparison with never smoking. CONCLUSIONS In blacks, cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for LV hypertrophy, systolic dysfunction, and incident HF hospitalization even after adjusting for effects on coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kamimura
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
| | - Loretta R Cain
- Department of Data Sciences (L.R.C.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Robert J Mentz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC (R.J.M.)
| | - Wendy B White
- Tougaloo College, MS (W.B.W.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (M.J.B.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Andrew P DeFilippis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.P.D., A.B.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Ervin R Fox
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
| | - Carlos J Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (C.J.R.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (R.J.K., A.B.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (E.J.B.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (A.P.D., A.B.)
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY (R.J.K., A.B.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Rose M Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (R.M.R.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Michael D Winniford
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine (D.K., E.R.F., J.B., M.D.W., A.C., M.E.H.)
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX (W.B.W., M.J.B., A.P.D., C.J.R., R.J.K., E.J.B., J.B., A.B., R.M.R., M.D.W., M.E.H.)
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12
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Szostak J, Boué S, Talikka M, Guedj E, Martin F, Phillips B, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Aerosol from Tobacco Heating System 2.2 has reduced impact on mouse heart gene expression compared with cigarette smoke. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 101:157-167. [PMID: 28111298 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies clearly demonstrate a causal effect of cigarette smoking on cardiovascular disease. To reduce the individual risk and population harm caused by smoking, alternative products to cigarettes are being developed. We recently reported on an apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mouse inhalation study that compared the effects of exposure to aerosol from a candidate modified risk tobacco product, Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS2.2), and smoke from the reference cigarette (3R4F) on pulmonary and vascular biology. Here, we applied a transcriptomics approach to evaluate the impact of the exposure to 3R4F smoke and THS2.2 aerosol on heart tissues from the same cohort of mice. The systems response profiles demonstrated that 3R4F smoke exposure led to time-dependent transcriptomics changes (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05; 44 differentially expressed genes at 3-months; 491 at 8-months). Analysis of differentially expressed genes in the heart tissue indicated that 3R4F exposure induced the downregulation of genes involved in cytoskeleton organization and the contractile function of the heart, notably genes that encode beta actin (Actb), actinin alpha 4 (Actn4), and filamin C (Flnc). This was accompanied by the downregulation of genes related to the inflammatory response. None of these effects were observed in the group exposed to THS2.2 aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szostak
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Stéphanie Boué
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Marja Talikka
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Emmanuel Guedj
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Blaine Phillips
- Philip Morris International Research Laboratories Pte Ltd, Science Park II, Singapore.
| | - Nikolai V Ivanov
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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13
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Al-Attas OS, Hussain T, Ahmed M, Al-Daghri N, Mohammed AA, De Rosas E, Gambhir D, Sumague TS. Ultrastructural changes, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and altered cardiac hypertrophic gene expressions in heart tissues of rats exposed to incense smoke. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10083-93. [PMID: 25687613 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Incense smoke exposure has recently been linked to cardiovascular disease risk, heart rate variability, and endothelial dysfunction. To test the possible underlying mechanisms, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, gene expressions of cardiac hypertrophic and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and ultrastructural changes were measured, respectively, using standard, ELISA-based, real-time PCR, and transmission electron microscope procedures in heart tissues of Wistar rats after chronically exposing to Arabian incense. Malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis alpha (TNF)-α, and IL-4 levels were significantly increased, while catalase and glutathione levels were significantly declined in incense smoke-exposed rats. Incense smoke exposure also resulted in a significant increase in atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Rats exposed to incense smoke displayed marked ultrastructural changes in heart muscle with distinct cardiac hypertrophy, which correlated with the augmented hypertrophic gene expression as well as markers of cardiac damage including creatine kinase-myocardial bound (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, altered cardiac hypertrophic gene expression, tissue damage, and architectural changes in the heart may collectively contribute to increased cardiovascular disease risk in individuals exposed to incense smoke. Increased gene expressions of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 may be instrumental in the incense smoke-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, incense smoke can be considered as a potential environmental pollutant and its long-term exposure may negatively impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Al-Attas
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology Research, College of Science, King Saud University, AB3, Building 5, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Meyer G, André L, Kleindienst A, Singh F, Tanguy S, Richard S, Obert P, Boucher F, Jover B, Cazorla O, Reboul C. Carbon monoxide increases inducible NOS expression that mediates CO-induced myocardial damage during ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H759-67. [PMID: 25595132 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00702.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS) on ischemic myocardial damage in rats exposed to daily low nontoxic levels of carbon monoxide (CO). CO is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant that impacts on mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular diseases. We have previously shown that CO exposure aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury partly because of increased oxidative stress. Nevertheless, cellular mechanisms underlying cardiac CO toxicity remain hypothetical. Wistar rats were exposed to simulated urban CO pollution for 4 wk. First, the effects of CO exposure on NO production and NO synthase (NOS) expression were evaluated. Myocardial I/R was performed on isolated perfused hearts in the presence or absence of S-methyl-isothiourea (1 μM), a NOS inhibitor highly specific for iNOS. Finally, Ca(2+) handling was evaluated in isolated myocytes before and after an anoxia-reoxygenation performed with or without S-methyl-isothiourea or N-acetylcystein (20 μM), a nonspecific antioxidant. Our main results revealed that 1) CO exposure altered the pattern of NOS expression, which is characterized by increased neuronal NOS and iNOS expression; 2) cardiac NO production increased in CO rats because of its overexpression of iNOS; and 3) the use of a specific inhibitor of iNOS reduced myocardial hypersensitivity to I/R (infarct size, 29 vs. 51% of risk zone) in CO rat hearts. These last results are explained by the deleterious effects of NO and reactive oxygen species overproduction by iNOS on diastolic Ca(2+) overload and myofilaments Ca(2+) sensitivity. In conclusion, this study highlights the involvement of iNOS overexpression in the pathogenesis of simulated urban CO air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas André
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Montpellier1, Université Montpellier2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - François Singh
- Fédération de Médecine Translationelle, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg France
| | - Stéphane Tanguy
- Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France; Laboratoire Techniques for biomedical engineering and complexity management-informatics, mathematics, and applications-Grenoble, Bâtiment Jean Roget-Domaine de la Merci, Université Joseph Fourier, La Tronche Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Montpellier1, Université Montpellier2, Montpellier, France
| | | | - François Boucher
- Laboratoire Techniques for biomedical engineering and complexity management-informatics, mathematics, and applications-Grenoble, Bâtiment Jean Roget-Domaine de la Merci, Université Joseph Fourier, La Tronche Cedex, France
| | - Bernard Jover
- Centre de Pharmacologie et Innovation dans le Diabète, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Montpellier1, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Montpellier1, Université Montpellier2, Montpellier, France
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15
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Bass VL, Schladweiler MC, Nyska A, Thomas RF, Miller DB, Krantz T, King C, Ian Gilmour M, Ledbetter AD, Richards JE, Kodavanti UP. Comparative cardiopulmonary toxicity of exhausts from soy-based biofuels and diesel in healthy and hypertensive rats. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:545-56. [PMID: 26514782 PMCID: PMC4768834 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1060279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Increased use of renewable energy sources raise concerns about health effects of new emissions. We analyzed relative cardiopulmonary health effects of exhausts from (1) 100% soy biofuel (B100), (2) 20% soy biofuel + 80% low sulfur petroleum diesel (B20), and (3) 100% petroleum diesel (B0) in rats. Normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats were exposed to these three exhausts at 0, 50, 150 and 500 μg/m(3), 4 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks (5 days/week). In addition, WKY rats were exposed for 1 day and responses were analyzed 0 h, 1 day or 4 days later for time-course assessment. Hematological parameters, in vitro platelet aggregation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) markers of pulmonary injury and inflammation, ex vivo aortic ring constriction, heart and aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction, thrombosis and atherogenesis were analyzed. The presence of pigmented macrophages in the lung alveoli was clearly evident with all three exhausts without apparent pathology. Overall, exposure to all three exhausts produced only modest effects in most endpoints analyzed in both strains. BALF γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity was the most consistent marker and was increased in both strains, primarily with B0 (B0 > B100 > B20). This increase was associated with only modest increases in BALF neutrophils. Small and very acute increases occurred in aorta mRNA markers of vasoconstriction and thrombosis with B100 but not B0 in WKY rats. Our comparative evaluations show modest cardiovascular and pulmonary effects at low concentrations of all exhausts: B0 causing more pulmonary injury and B100 more acute vascular effects. BALF GGT activity could serve as a sensitive biomarker of inhaled pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Bass
- a Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Abraham Nyska
- c Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University , Timrat , Israel , and
| | - Ronald F Thomas
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Desinia B Miller
- d Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill , NC , USA
| | - Todd Krantz
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Charly King
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Judy E Richards
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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16
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Hu N, Han X, Lane EK, Gao F, Zhang Y, Ren J. Cardiac-specific overexpression of metallothionein rescues against cigarette smoking exposure-induced myocardial contractile and mitochondrial damage. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57151. [PMID: 23431404 PMCID: PMC3576371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Second hand cigarette smoke is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although a tie between smoking and cardiovascular disease is well established, the underlying mechanisms still remains elusive due to the lack of adequate animal models. This study was designed to use a mouse model of exposure to cigarette smoke, a surrogate of environmental tobacco smoke, to evaluate the impact of cardiac overexpression of heavy metal scavenger metallothionein on myocardial geometry, contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties and apoptosis following side-stream smoke exposure. Methods Adult male wild-type FVB and metallothionein transgenic mice were placed in a chamber exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 hour daily for 40 days. Echocardiographic, cardiomyocyte contractile and intracellular Ca2+ properties, fibrosis, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage were examined. Results Our data revealed that smoke exposure enlarged ventricular end systolic and diastolic diameters, reduced myocardial and cardiomyocyte contractile function, disrupted intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, facilitated fibrosis, apoptosis and mitochondrial damage (cytochrome C release and aconitase activity), the effects of which were attenuated or mitigated by metallothionein. In addition, side-stream smoke expose enhanced phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β without affecting pan protein expression in the heart, the effect of which was abolished or ameliorated by metallothionein. Cigarette smoke extract interrupted cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ properties, the effect of which was mitigated by wortmannin and NAC. Conclusions These data suggest that side-stream smoke exposure led to myocardial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ mishandling, apoptosis, fibrosis and mitochondrial damage, indicating the therapeutic potential of antioxidant against in second smoking-induced cardiac defects possibly via mitochondrial damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erin K. Lane
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JR); (YZ)
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- * E-mail: (JR); (YZ)
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17
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Reboul C, Thireau J, Meyer G, André L, Obert P, Cazorla O, Richard S. Carbon monoxide exposure in the urban environment: An insidious foe for the heart? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 184:204-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Butler J. Primary prevention of heart failure. ISRN CARDIOLOGY 2012; 2012:982417. [PMID: 22957272 PMCID: PMC3431085 DOI: 10.5402/2012/982417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most heart failure research and quality improvement efforts are targeted at treatment and secondary prevention of patients with manifest heart failure. This is distinct from coronary disease where primary prevention has been a focus for over three decades. Given the current importance and the projected worsening of heart failure epidemiology, a more focused effort on prevention is urgently needed.
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19
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Pilot Study of the Use of Personal Carbon Monoxide Monitoring to Achieve Radical Smoking Reduction. J Smok Cessat 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/jsc.2012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: This study examined whether providing smokers with a personal monitor for measuring expired-air carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations would be a feasible method of achieving a reduction in smoke intake. Methods: Ten smokers were given a CO monitor and asked to use it regularly throughout the day for 6 weeks with the aim of maintaining their CO reading below 10 ppm. They were advised to use nicotine replacement therapy, but this was not provided. At baseline and follow-up, smokers were asked to comment on their use of the monitors and motivation to stop smoking. Demographic characteristics, cigarette consumption, and nicotine dependence, was also assessed. Additionally, during the first 2 weeks participants were instructed to record how often they used their CO monitor, their average readings and cigarette consumption. Results: Eight smokers had an average daily CO concentration below their baseline on at least 93% of the days in the 2 weeks of daily monitoring, while three had CO levels below 10 ppm on 36% of the days. At the 6-week follow-up, all participants’ CO concentrations were below their baseline value; two were below 10 ppm. Average daily cigarette consumption reduced from 14.1 (SD 6.03) at baseline to 9.8 (SD 4.95) during the 2 weeks of daily CO monitoring (t = 2.46, df 9, p = 0.036) and 9.5 (SD 5.50) at 6 weeks follow-up (t = 1.73, df 7, p = 0.127). Use of the CO monitors was generally found to be acceptable and to increase motivation to stop smoking completely. Five smokers attempted to quit smoking. Conclusions: Regular personal CO monitoring may be a useful method for reducing smokers’ cigarette intake and increasing their motivation to stop completely. A controlled trial with long-term follow up is warranted.
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Meyer G, Boissiere J, Tanguy S, Rugale C, Gayrard S, Jover B, Obert P, Reboul C. Carbon Monoxide Pollution Impairs Myocardial Perfusion Reserve: Implication of Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2011; 11:334-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9125-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Farah C, Meyer G, André L, Boissière J, Gayrard S, Cazorla O, Richard S, Boucher F, Tanguy S, Obert P, Reboul C. Moderate exercise prevents impaired Ca2+ handling in heart of CO-exposed rat: implication for sensitivity to ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H2076-81. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00835.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustained urban carbon monoxide (CO) exposure exacerbates heart vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion via deleterious effects on the antioxidant status and Ca2+ homeostasis of cardiomyocytes. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether moderate exercise training prevents these effects. Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group and to CO groups, living during 4 wk in simulated urban CO pollution (30–100 parts/million, 12 h/day) with (CO-Ex) or sedentary without exercise (CO-Sed). The exercise procedure began 4 wk before CO exposure and was maintained twice a week in standard filtered air during CO exposure. On one set of rats, myocardial ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min) were performed on isolated perfused rat hearts. On another set of rats, myocardial antioxidant status and Ca2+ handling were evaluated following environmental exposure. As a result, exercise training prevented CO-induced myocardial phenotypical changes. Indeed, exercise induced myocardial antioxidant status recovery in CO-exposed rats, which is accompanied by a normalization of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a expression and then of Ca2+ handling. Importantly, in CO-exposed rats, the normalization of cardiomyocyte phenotype with moderate exercise was associated with a restored sensitivity of the myocardium to ischemia-reperfusion. Indeed, CO-Ex rats presented a lower infarct size and a significant decrease of reperfusion arrhythmias compared with their sedentary counterparts. To conclude, moderate exercise, by preventing CO-induced Ca2+ handling and myocardial antioxidant status alterations, reduces heart vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Farah
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - G. Meyer
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - L. André
- Research Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U637, Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Montpellier1 University, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier
| | - J. Boissière
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - S. Gayrard
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - O. Cazorla
- Research Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U637, Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Montpellier1 University, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier
| | - S. Richard
- Research Laboratory, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U637, Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Montpellier1 University, Faculty of Medicine, Montpellier
| | - F. Boucher
- Research Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5525 Physiologie Respiratoire Expérimental Théorique at Appliquée-TIMC, Grenoble University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Tanguy
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - P. Obert
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
| | - C. Reboul
- Research Laboratory EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon
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Meyer G, André L, Tanguy S, Boissiere J, Farah C, Lopez-Lauri F, Gayrard S, Richard S, Boucher F, Cazorla O, Obert P, Reboul C. Simulated urban carbon monoxide air pollution exacerbates rat heart ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1445-53. [PMID: 20207812 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01194.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial damages due to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are recognized to be the result of a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Epidemiological studies suggested that, among environmental factors, carbon monoxide (CO) urban pollution can be linked to cardiac diseases and mortality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of exposure to CO pollution on cardiac sensitivity to I/R. Regional myocardial I/R was performed on isolated perfused hearts from rats exposed for 4 wk to air enriched with CO (30-100 ppm). Functional variables, reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and cellular damages (infarct size, lactate dehydrogenase release) were assessed. Sarcomere length shortening and Ca(2+) handling were evaluated in intact isolated cardiomyocytes during a cellular anoxia-reoxygenation protocol. The major results show that prolonged CO exposure worsens myocardial I/R injuries, resulting in increased severity of postischemic VA, impaired recovery of myocardial function, and increased infarct size (60 +/- 5 vs. 33 +/- 2% of ischemic zone). The aggravating effects of CO exposure on I/R could be explained by a reduced myocardial enzymatic antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase -45%; glutathione peroxidase -49%) associated with impaired intracellular Ca(2+) handling. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the idea that chronic CO pollution dramatically increases the severity of myocardial I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Meyer
- Research Laboratory: EA 4278, Physiology and Physiopathology of Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, Avignon, France
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