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Acharyya S, Kumar SH, Chouksey A, Soni N, Nazeer N, Mishra PK. The enigma of mitochondrial epigenetic alterations in air pollution-induced neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology 2024; 105:158-183. [PMID: 39374796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is a growing concern worldwide, affecting individuals from diverse backgrounds. Although these pathologies are primarily associated with aging and genetic susceptibility, their severity varies among the affected population. Numerous studies have indicated air pollution as a significant contributor to the increasing prevalence of neurodegeneration. Cohort studies have provided compelling evidence of the association between prolonged exposure to different air toxicants and cognitive decline, behavioural deficits, memory impairment, and overall neuronal health deterioration. Furthermore, molecular research has revealed that air pollutants can disrupt the body's protective mechanisms, participate in neuroinflammatory pathways, and cause neuronal epigenetic modifications. The mitochondrial epigenome is particularly interesting to the scientific community due to its potential to significantly impact our understanding of neurodegenerative diseases' pathogenesis and their release in the peripheral circulation. While protein hallmarks have been extensively studied, the possibility of using circulating epigenetic signatures, such as methylated DNA fragments, miRNAs, and genome-associated factors, as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets requires further groundwork. The utilization of circulating epigenetic signatures holds promise for developing novel prognostic strategies, creating paramount point-of-care devices for disease diagnosis, identifying therapeutic targets, and developing clinical data-based disease models utilizing multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence, ultimately mitigating the threat and prevalence of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanti Acharyya
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Sruthy Hari Kumar
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Apoorva Chouksey
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Nikita Soni
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Nazim Nazeer
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Division of Environmental Biotechnology, Genetics & Molecular Biology (EBGMB), ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal, India; Faculty of Medical Research, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Suo H, Lv Y, Liu S, Gao Z, Chen Y, Zhang M, Meng X, Gao S. Modulation of miR-466d-3p on Wnt signaling pathway in response to DEPs-induced blood-brain barrier disruption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116869. [PMID: 39178759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), a predominant component of ambient particulate matter (PM), are classified as ultrafine particles with the capacity to penetrate the cerebral blood-brain barrier (BBB). This penetration is implicated in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. The integrity of the BBB is inextricably linked to cerebrovascular homeostasis and the development of neurodegenerative disease, highlighting the importance of studying the effects and mechanisms of DEPs on BBB function damage. METHODS AND RESULTS Utilizing mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3 cells) as an in vitro model of the BBB, we explored the detrimental effects of DEPs exposure on BBB permeability and integrity, with particular focus on inflammation, cell apoptosis, and miRNA expression profiles. Our findings revealed that exposure to DEPs at varying concentrations for 48 h resulted in the inhibition of bEND.3 cell proliferation, induction of cell apoptosis, and an upregulation in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. The BBB integrity was further compromised, as evidenced by a decrease in trans-epithelial electrical resistance(TEER), a reduction in cytoskeletal F-actin, and diminished tight junction (TJ) protein expression. Microarray analysis revealed that 23 miRNAs were upregulated and 11 were downregulated in response to a 50 μg/mL DEPs treatment, with miR-466d-3p being notably differentially expressed. Wnt3 was identified as a target of miR-466d-3p, with the Wnt signaling pathway being significantly enriched. We validated that miR-466d-3p expression was downregulated, and the protein expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling components were elevated. The modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by miR-466d-3p was demonstrated by the transfection of miR-466d-3p mimic, which resulted in a downregulation of Wnt3 and β-catenin protein expression, and the mRNA level of Daam1, as well as an enhancement of TJ proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-5 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study further confirmed that DEPs can induce the disruption of BBB integrity through inflammatory processes. We identified alterations in the expression profile of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial cells, with miR-466d-3p emerging as a key regulator of tight junction (TJ) proteins, essential for maintaining BBB integrity. Additionally, our findings primarily demonstrated that the Wnt/ β-catenin and Wnt/PCP signaling pathway can be activated by DEPs and are regulated by miR-466d-3p. Under the combined effects of Wnt/PCP and inflammation, there is an ultimate increase in BBB hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Huimin Suo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanming Lv
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhijian Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Bioinformatics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiangning Meng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shuying Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Che J, Sun Y, Deng Y, Zhang J. Blood-brain barrier disruption: a culprit of cognitive decline? Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:63. [PMID: 39113115 PMCID: PMC11305076 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline covers a broad spectrum of disorders, not only resulting from brain diseases but also from systemic diseases, which seriously influence the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. As a highly selective anatomical and functional interface between the brain and systemic circulation, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in maintaining brain homeostasis and normal function. The pathogenesis underlying cognitive decline may vary, nevertheless, accumulating evidences support the role of BBB disruption as the most prevalent contributing factor. This may mainly be attributed to inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, cell senescence, oxidative/nitrosative stress and excitotoxicity. However, direct evidence showing that BBB disruption causes cognitive decline is scarce, and interestingly, manipulation of the BBB opening alone may exert beneficial or detrimental neurological effects. A broad overview of the present literature shows a close relationship between BBB disruption and cognitive decline, the risk factors of BBB disruption, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying BBB disruption. Additionally, we discussed the possible causes leading to cognitive decline by BBB disruption and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent BBB disruption or enhance BBB repair. This review aims to foster more investigations on early diagnosis, effective therapeutics, and rapid restoration against BBB disruption, which would yield better cognitive outcomes in patients with dysregulated BBB function, although their causative relationship has not yet been completely established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yinying Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yixu Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270 Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China.
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Arkelius K, Wendt TS, Andersson H, Arnou A, Gottschalk M, Gonzales RJ, Ansar S. LOX-1 and MMP-9 Inhibition Attenuates the Detrimental Effects of Delayed rt-PA Therapy and Improves Outcomes After Acute Ischemic Stroke. Circ Res 2024; 134:954-969. [PMID: 38501247 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute ischemic stroke triggers endothelial activation that disrupts vascular integrity and increases hemorrhagic transformation leading to worsened stroke outcomes. rt-PA (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator) is an effective treatment; however, its use is limited due to a restricted time window and hemorrhagic transformation risk, which in part may involve activation of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) mediated through LOX-1 (lectin-like oxLDL [oxidized low-density lipoprotein] receptor 1). This study's overall aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of novel MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) ± LOX-1 inhibitors in combination with rt-PA to improve stroke outcomes. METHODS A rat thromboembolic stroke model was utilized to investigate the impact of rt-PA delivered 4 hours poststroke onset as well as selective MMP-9 (JNJ0966) ±LOX-1 (BI-0115) inhibitors given before rt-PA administration. Infarct size, perfusion, and hemorrhagic transformation were evaluated by 9.4-T magnetic resonance imaging, vascular and parenchymal MMP-9 activity via zymography, and neurological function was assessed using sensorimotor function testing. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to hypoxia plus glucose deprivation/reperfusion (hypoxia plus glucose deprivation 3 hours/R 24 hours) and treated with ±tPA and ±MMP-9 ±LOX-1 inhibitors. Barrier function was assessed via transendothelial electrical resistance, MMP-9 activity was determined with zymography, and LOX-1 and barrier gene expression/levels were measured using qRT-PCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR) and Western blot. RESULTS Stroke and subsequent rt-PA treatment increased edema, hemorrhage, MMP-9 activity, LOX-1 expression, and worsened neurological outcomes. LOX-1 inhibition improved neurological function, reduced edema, and improved endothelial barrier integrity. Elevated MMP-9 activity correlated with increased edema, infarct volume, and decreased neurological function. MMP-9 inhibition reduced MMP-9 activity and LOX-1 expression. In human brain microvascular endothelial cells, LOX-1/MMP-9 inhibition differentially attenuated MMP-9 levels, inflammation, and activation following hypoxia plus glucose deprivation/R. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that LOX-1 inhibition and ± MMP-9 inhibition attenuate negative aspects of ischemic stroke with rt-PA therapy, thus resulting in improved neurological function. While no synergistic effect was observed with simultaneous LOX-1 and MMP-9 inhibition, a distinct interaction is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Arkelius
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | - Trevor S Wendt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.W., R.J.G.)
| | - Henrik Andersson
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | - Anaële Arnou
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
| | | | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ (T.S.W., R.J.G.)
| | - Saema Ansar
- Applied Neurovascular Research, Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden (K.A., H.A., A.A., S.A.)
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Kuneš J, Hojná S, Mráziková L, Montezano A, Touyz RM, Maletínská L. Obesity, Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Potential Common Mechanisms. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S73-S90. [PMID: 37565414 PMCID: PMC10660578 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the incidence of obesity and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, e.g. Alzheimer's disease, is related to many factors, including an unhealthy lifestyle and aging populations. However, the interconnection between these diseases is not entirely clear, and it is unknown whether common mechanisms underlie these conditions. Moreover, there are currently no fully effective therapies for obesity and neurodegeneration. While there has been extensive research in preclinical models addressing these issues, the experimental findings have not been translated to the clinic. Another challenge relates to the time of onset of individual diseases, which may not be easily identified, since there are no specific indicators or biomarkers that define disease onset. Hence knowing when to commence preventive treatment is unclear. This is especially pertinent in neurodegenerative diseases, where the onset of the disease may be subtle and occur decades before the signs and symptoms manifest. In metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, the risk may occur in-utero, in line with the concept of fetal programming. This review provides a brief overview of the link between obesity, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and discusses potential common mechanisms including the role of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuneš
- Institute of Physiology AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic. . Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), Québac, Canada,
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Aquino GV, Dabi A, Odom GJ, Lavado R, Nunn K, Thomas K, Schackmuth B, Shariff N, Jarajapu M, Pluto M, Miller SR, Eller L, Pressley J, Patel RR, Black J, Bruce ED. Evaluating the effect of acute diesel exhaust particle exposure on P-glycoprotein efflux transporter in the blood-brain barrier co-cultured with microglia. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 4:100107. [PMID: 37332622 PMCID: PMC10276163 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing public health concern, chronic Diesel Exhaust Particle (DEP) exposure is a heavy risk factor for the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's (AD). Considered the brain's first line of defense, the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and perivascular microglia work in tandem to protect the brain from circulating neurotoxic molecules like DEP. Importantly, there is a strong association between AD and BBB dysfunction, particularly in the Aβ transporter and multidrug resistant pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). However, the response of this efflux transporter is not well understood in the context of environmental exposures, such as to DEP. Moreover, microglia are seldom included in in vitro BBB models, despite their significance in neurovascular health and disease. Therefore, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute (24 hr.) DEP exposure (2000 μg/ml) on P-gp expression and function, paracellular permeability, and inflammation profiles of the human in vitro BBB model (hCMEC/D3) with and without microglia (hMC3). Our results suggested that DEP exposure can decrease both the expression and function of P-gp in the BBB, and corroborated that DEP exposure impairs BBB integrity (i.e. increased permeability), a response that was significantly worsened by the influence of microglia in co-culture. Interestingly, DEP exposure seemed to produce atypical inflammation profiles and an unexpected general downregulation in inflammatory markers in both the monoculture and co-culture, which differentially expressed IL-1β and GM-CSF. Interestingly, the microglia in co-culture did not appear to influence the response of the BBB, save in the permeability assay, where it worsened the BBB's response. Overall, our study is important because it is the first (to our knowledge) to investigate the effect of acute DEP exposure on P-gp in the in vitro human BBB, while also investigating the influence of microglia on the BBB's responses to this environmental chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace V. Aquino
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Amjad Dabi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 120-Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Gabriel J. Odom
- Department of Biostatistics, Sempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, 11200, SW 8th Street, AHC4-470, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Kaitlin Nunn
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Kathryn Thomas
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Bennett Schackmuth
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Nazeel Shariff
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Manogna Jarajapu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Morgan Pluto
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Sara R. Miller
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Leah Eller
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Justin Pressley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Rishi R. Patel
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Jeffrey Black
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
| | - Erica D. Bruce
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, 101 Bagby Ave, Waco, TX 76707, USA
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7
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Shkirkova K, Lamorie-Foote K, Zhang N, Li A, Diaz A, Liu Q, Thorwald MA, Godoy-Lugo JA, Ge B, D'Agostino C, Zhang Z, Mack WJ, Sioutas C, Finch CE, Mack WJ, Zhang H. Neurotoxicity of Diesel Exhaust Particles. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1263-1278. [PMID: 36031897 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution particulate matter (PM) is strongly associated with risks of accelerated cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Ambient PM batches have variable neurotoxicity by collection site and season, which limits replicability of findings within and between research groups for analysis of mechanisms and interventions. Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) offer a replicable model that we define in further detail. OBJECTIVE Define dose- and time course neurotoxic responses of mice to DEP from the National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) for neurotoxic responses shared by DEP and ambient PM. METHODS For dose-response, adult C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 0, 25, 50, and 100μg/m3 of re-aerosolized DEP (NIST SRM 2975) for 5 h. Then, mice were exposed to 100μg/m3 DEP for 5, 100, and 200 h and assayed for amyloid-β peptides, inflammation, oxidative damage, and microglial activity and morphology. RESULTS DEP exposure at 100μg/m3 for 5 h, but not lower doses, caused oxidative damage, complement and microglia activation in cerebral cortex and corpus callosum. Longer DEP exposure for 8 weeks/200 h caused further oxidative damage, increased soluble Aβ, white matter injury, and microglial soma enlargement that differed by cortical layer. CONCLUSION Exposure to 100μg/m3 DEP NIST SRM 2975 caused robust neurotoxic responses that are shared with prior studies using DEP or ambient PM0.2. DEP provides a replicable model to study neurotoxic mechanisms of ambient PM and interventions relevant to cognitive decline and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Shkirkova
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Krista Lamorie-Foote
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Zhang
- Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Li
- Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arnold Diaz
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qinghai Liu
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Ge
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carla D'Agostino
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zijiao Zhang
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Dornsife College, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William J Mack
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hongqiao Zhang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Indirect mediators of systemic health outcomes following nanoparticle inhalation exposure. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108120. [PMID: 35085604 PMCID: PMC9189040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The growing field of nanoscience has shed light on the wide diversity of natural and anthropogenic sources of nano-scale particulates, raising concern as to their impacts on human health. Inhalation is the most robust route of entry, with nanoparticles (NPs) evading mucociliary clearance and depositing deep into the alveolar region. Yet, impacts from inhaled NPs are evident far outside the lung, particularly on the cardiovascular system and highly vascularized organs like the brain. Peripheral effects are partly explained by the translocation of some NPs from the lung into the circulation; however, other NPs largely confined to the lung are still accompanied by systemic outcomes. Omic research has only just begun to inform on the complex myriad of molecules released from the lung to the blood as byproducts of pulmonary pathology. These indirect mediators are diverse in their molecular make-up and activity in the periphery. The present review examines systemic outcomes attributed to pulmonary NP exposure and what is known about indirect pathological mediators released from the lung into the circulation. Further focus was directed to outcomes in the brain, a highly vascularized region susceptible to acute and longer-term outcomes. Findings here support the need for big-data toxicological studies to understand what drives these health outcomes and better predict, circumvent, and treat the potential health impacts arising from NP exposure scenarios.
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9
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Nayek S, Lund AK, Verbeck GF. Inhalation exposure to silver nanoparticles induces hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, associated with altered renin-angiotensin system signaling, in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:457-467. [PMID: 34792841 PMCID: PMC8810614 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have become increasingly popular in the biomedical field over the last few decades due to its proven antibacterial property. Previous scientific studies have reported that one of the major organs responsible for detoxification of AgNPs is the liver. The liver is also the primary organ responsible for secretion of angiotensinogen (AGT), a key signaling molecule involved in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays an important role in maintaining cardiac output and vascular pressure. The aim of this study was to assess any potential changes in the RAS-associated gene signaling, inflammatory response, and hepatocellular toxicity resulting from AgNP exposure. To do this, 6-week-old, male Wistar rats were exposed to a subacute inhalation exposure of AgNP (200 ppb/days over 4 h/days exposure, for 5 d) and their livers were analyzed for alterations in RAS components, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Real time qPCR analysis showed that AgNP-exposure resulted in a significant increase in hepatic AGT, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-1, and ACE-2 mRNA expression. Expression of inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were also upregulated with AgNP-exposure, compared to controls. Furthermore AgNP-exposure mediated a significant increase in hepatic expression of catalase, and superoxide dismutase, and oxidative stress, as assessed via 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine staining. Increased oxidative stress was associated with increased monocyte/macrophage-2 staining in the liver of AgNP-exposed rats. Such findings indicate that subacute inhalation exposure to AgNPs mediate increased hepatic RAS signaling, associated with inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayu Nayek
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Amie K. Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Guido F. Verbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Guido F. Verbeck, Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W. Mulberry St., Denton, TX, 76201,
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Adivi A, JoAnn L, Simpson N, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Traffic-generated air pollution - Exposure mediated expression of factors associated with demyelination in a female apolipoprotein E -/- mouse model. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2022; 90:107071. [PMID: 35016995 PMCID: PMC8904307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2022.107071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies suggest that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with demyelinating diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), including multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathophysiology of MS results from an autoimmune response involving increased inflammation and demyelination in the CNS, which is higher in young (adult) females. Exposure to traffic-generated air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation and other detrimental outcomes in the CNS; however, its role in the progression of pathologies associated with demyelinating diseases has not yet been fully characterized in a female model. Thus, we investigated the effects of inhalation exposure to mixed vehicle emissions (MVE) in the brains of both ovary-intact (ov+) and ovariectomized (ov-) female Apolipoprotein (ApoE-/-) mice. Ov + and ov- ApoE-/- mice were exposed via whole-body inhalation to either filtered air (FA, controls) or mixed gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions (MVE: 200 PM μg/m3) for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk., for 30 d. We then analyzed MVE-exposure mediated alterations in myelination, the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS), myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG), and expression of estrogen (ERα and ERβ) and progesterone (PROA/B) receptors in the CNS. MVE-exposure mediated significant alterations in myelination across multiple regions in the cerebrum, as well as increased CD4+ and CD8+ staining. There was also an increase in ROS production in the CNS of MVE-exposed ov- and ov + ApoE-/- mice. Ov- mice displayed a reduction in cerebral ERα mRNA expression, compared to ov + mice; however, MVE exposure resulted in an even further decrease in ERα expression, while ERβ and PRO A/B were unchanged across groups. These findings collectively suggest that inhaled MVE-exposure may mediate estrogen receptor expression alterations associated with increased CD4+/CD8+ infiltration, regional demyelination, and ROS production in the CNS of female ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adivi
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 76201
| | - Lucero JoAnn
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 76201
| | - Nicholas Simpson
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 76201
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA, 87108
| | - Amie K. Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA, 76201.,Corresponding author at: University of North Texas, EESAT – 215, 1704 W. Mulberry, Denton, TX 76201,
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11
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Ni Y, Tracy RP, Cornell E, Kaufman JD, Szpiro AA, Campen MJ, Vedal S. Short-term exposure to air pollution and biomarkers of cardiovascular effect: A repeated measures study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116893. [PMID: 33765506 PMCID: PMC8087633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To help understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms linking air pollutants and cardiovascular disease (CVD), we employed a repeated measures design to investigate the associations of four short-term air pollution exposures - particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), with two blood markers involved in vascular effects of oxidative stress, soluble lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (sLOX-1) and nitrite, using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Seven hundred and forty participants with plasma sLOX-1 and nitrite measurements at three exams between 2002 and 2007 were included. Daily PM2.5, NO2, O3 and SO2 zero to seven days prior to blood draw were estimated from central monitors in six MESA regions, pre-adjusted using site-specific splines of meteorology and temporal trends, and an indicator for day of the week. Unconstrained distributed lag generalized estimating equations were used to estimate net effects over eight days with adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors. The results showed that higher short-term concentrations of PM2.5, but not other pollutants, were associated with increased sLOX-1 analyzed both as a continuous outcome (percent change per interquartile increase: 16.36%, 95%CI: 0.1-35.26%) and dichotomized at the median (odds ratio per interquartile increase: 1.21, 95%CI: 1.01-1.44). The findings were not meaningfully changed after adjustment for additional covariates or in several sensitivity analyses. Pollutant concentrations were not associated with nitrite levels. This study extends earlier experimental findings of increased sLOX-1 levels following PM inhalation to a much larger population and at ambient concentrations. In light of its known mechanistic role in promoting vascular disease, sLOX-1 may be a suitable translational biomarker linking air pollutant exposures and cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 360 S. Park Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA.
| | - Elaine Cornell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 360 S. Park Drive, Colchester, VT, 05446, USA.
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 3980 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Matthew J Campen
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Sverre Vedal
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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12
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Daniel S, Pusadkar V, McDonald J, Mirpuri J, Azad RK, Goven A, Lund AK. Traffic generated emissions alter the lung microbiota by promoting the expansion of Proteobacteria in C57Bl/6 mice placed on a high-fat diet. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112035. [PMID: 33581487 PMCID: PMC7989785 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been documented to contribute to severe respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD). Although these diseases demonstrate a shift in the lung microbiota towards Proteobacteria, the effects of traffic generated emissions on lung microbiota profiles have not been well-characterized. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that exposure to traffic-generated emissions can alter lung microbiota and immune defenses. Since a large population of the Western world consumes a diet rich in fats, we sought to investigate the synergistic effects of mixed vehicle emissions and high-fat diet consumption. We exposed 3-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice placed either on regular chow (LF) or a high-fat (HF: 45% kcal fat) diet to mixed emissions (ME: 30 µg PM/m3 gasoline engine emissions+70 µg PM/m3 diesel engine emissions) or filtered air (FA) for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk for 30 days. Levels of pulmonary immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, and IgM were analyzed by ELISA, and lung microbial profiling was done using qPCR and Illumina 16 S sequencing. We observed a significant decrease in lung IgA in the ME-exposed animals, compared to the FA-exposed animals, both fed a HF diet. Our results also revealed a significant decrease in lung IgG in the ME-exposed animals both on the LF diet and HF diet, in comparison to the FA-exposed animals. We also observed an expansion of Enterobacteriaceae belonging to the Proteobacteria phylum in the ME-exposed groups on the HF diet. Collectively, we show that the combined effects of ME and HF diet result in decreased immune surveillance and lung bacterial dysbiosis, which is of significance in lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Daniel
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Vaidehi Pusadkar
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jacob McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rajeev K Azad
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Art Goven
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
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13
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Shabani S. A mechanistic view on the neurotoxic effects of air pollution on central nervous system: risk for autism and neurodegenerative diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6349-6373. [PMID: 33398761 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have shown a strong association between exposure to neurotoxic air pollutants like heavy metal and particulate matter (PM) as an active participant and neurological disorders. While the effects of these toxic pollutants on cardiopulmonary morbidity have principally been studied, growing evidence has shown that exposure to polluted air is associated with memory impairment, communication deficits, and anxiety/depression among all ages. So, these toxic pollutants in the environment increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease, ischemia, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The precise mechanisms in which air pollutants lead to communicative inability, social inability, and declined cognition have remained unknown. Various animal model studies show that amyloid precursor protein (APP), processing, oxidant/antioxidant balance, and inflammation pathways change following the exposure to constituents of polluted air. In the present review study, we collect the probable molecular mechanisms of deleterious CNS effects in response to various air pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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14
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Adivi A, Lucero J, Simpson N, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Exposure to traffic-generated air pollution promotes alterations in the integrity of the brain microvasculature and inflammation in female ApoE -/- mice. Toxicol Lett 2020; 339:39-50. [PMID: 33373663 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Traffic-generated air pollutants have been correlated with alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, which is associated with pathologies in the central nervous system (CNS). Much of the existing literature investigating the effects of air pollution in the CNS has predominately been reported in males, with little known regarding the effects in females. As such, this study characterized the effects of inhalation exposure to mixed vehicle emissions (MVE), as well as the presence of female sex hormones, in the CNS of female ApoE-/- mice, which included cohorts of both ovariectomized (ov-) and ovary-intact (ov+) mice. Ov + and ov- were placed on a high-fat diet and randomly grouped to be exposed to either filtered-air (FA) or MVE (200 PM/m3: 50 μg PM/m3 gasoline engine + 150 μg PM/m3 from diesel engine emissions) for 6 h/d, 7d/wk, for 30d. MVE-exposure resulted in altered cerebral microvascular integrity and permeability, as determined by the decreased immunofluorescent expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins, occludin, and claudin-5, and increased IgG extravasation into the cerebral parenchyma, compared to FA controls, regardless of ovary status. Associated with the altered cerebral microvascular integrity, we also observed an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) -2/9 activity in the MVE ov+, MVE ov-, and FA ov- groups, compared to FA ov+. There was also elevated expression of intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, inflammatory interleukins (IL-1, IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) mRNA in the cerebrum of MVE ov + and MVE ov- animals. IκB kinase (IKK) subunits IKKα and IKKβ mRNA expressions were upregulated in the cerebrum of MVE ov- and FA ov- mice. Our findings indicate that MVE exposure mediates altered integrity of the cerebral microvasculature correlated with increased MMP-2/9 activity and inflammatory signaling, regardless of female hormones present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Adivi
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
| | - Nicholas Simpson
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76201, USA.
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15
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Liang S, Zhang J, Ning R, Du Z, Liu J, Batibawa JW, Duan J, Sun Z. The critical role of endothelial function in fine particulate matter-induced atherosclerosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:61. [PMID: 33276797 PMCID: PMC7716453 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and indoor air pollution contributes annually to approximately seven million premature deaths. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials. In particular, fine particulate matter (PM2.5) plays a major mortality risk factor particularly on cardiovascular diseases through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation. A review on the PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is needed to better understand the involved mechanisms. In this review, we summarized epidemiology and animal studies of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis. Vascular endothelial injury is a critical early predictor of atherosclerosis. The evidence of mechanisms of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis supports effects on vascular function. Thus, we summarized the main mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered vascular endothelial injury, which mainly involved three aspects, including vascular endothelial permeability, vasomotor function and vascular reparative capacity. Then we reviewed the relationship between PM2.5-induced endothelial injury and atherosclerosis. PM2.5-induced endothelial injury associated with inflammation, pro-coagulation and lipid deposition. Although the evidence of PM2.5-induced atherosclerosis is undergoing continual refinement, the mechanisms of PM2.5-triggered atherosclerosis are still limited, especially indoor PM2.5. Subsequent efforts of researchers are needed to improve the understanding of PM2.5 and atherosclerosis. Preventing or avoiding PM2.5-induced endothelial damage may greatly reduce the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihong Ning
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhou Du
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Joe Werelagi Batibawa
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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16
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Zhang Q, Xu H, Bai N, Tan F, Xu H, Liu J. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 is Regulated by LOX-1 and erk1/2 Pathway in Dental Peri-Implantitis. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:862-871. [PMID: 32081107 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200221121139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dental peri-implantitis, which can be caused by several different microbial factors, is characterized by inflammatory lesions of the surrounding hard and soft tissues of an oral implant. Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis. However, the regulatory mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we tried to evaluate the regulatory mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis. METHODS We collected Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid (PICF) from ten healthy implants and ten periimplantitis patients and compared their expression level of MMP9. We also cultured macrophages from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers infected by Porphyromonas gingivalis to reveal the regulatory mechanism of MMP9 in peri-implantitis. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) were used to better characterize the mechanism of MMP9. RESULTS The expression of MMP9 was up-regulated in peri-implantitis patient PICF and P. gingivalis infected human macrophages. LOX-1, not dectin-1, was found to mediate MMP9 expression in human macrophages with P. gingivalis infection. Expression of Erk1/2 was responsible for infection-induced MMP9 expression. Finally, use of a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor impaired LOX-1 expression in infected macrophages. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that MMP9 is involved in dental peri-implantitis and is regulated by LOX-1 and Erk1/2. This LOX-1/MMP9 signaling pathway may represent a potential drug target for peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Na Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Huirong Xu
- Department of Pathology, ZiBo Central Hospital, ZiBo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
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17
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Suwannasual U, Lucero J, Davis G, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Mixed Vehicle Emissions Induces Angiotensin II and Cerebral Microvascular Angiotensin Receptor Expression in C57Bl/6 Mice and Promotes Alterations in Integrity in a Blood-Brain Barrier Coculture Model. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:525-535. [PMID: 31132127 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-generated pollution is associated with alterations in blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and exacerbation of cerebrovascular disorders. Angiotensin (Ang) II signaling through the Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor is known to promote BBB disruption. We have previously reported that exposure to a mixture of gasoline and diesel vehicle engine emissions (MVE) mediates alterations in cerebral microvasculature of C57Bl/6 mice, which is exacerbated through consumption of a high-fat (HF) diet. Thus, we investigated the hypothesis that inhalation exposure to MVE results in altered central nervous system microvascular integrity mediated by Ang II-AT1 signaling. Three-month-old male C57Bl/6 mice were placed on an HF or low-fat diet and exposed via inhalation to either filtered air (FA) or MVE (100 μg/m3 PM) 6 h/d for 30 days. Exposure to HF+MVE resulted in a significant increase in plasma Ang II and expression of AT1 in the cerebral microvasculature. Results from a BBB coculture study showed that transendothelial electrical resistance was decreased, associated with reduced expression of claudin-5 and occludin when treated with plasma from MVE+HF animals. These effects were attenuated through pretreatment with the AT1 antagonist, Losartan. Our BBB coculture showed increased levels of astrocyte AT1 and decreased expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and glutathione peroxidase-1, associated with increased interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β in the astrocyte media, when treated with plasma from MVE-exposed groups. Our results indicate that inhalation exposure to traffic-generated pollutants results in altered BBB integrity, mediated through Ang II-AT1 signaling and inflammation, which is exacerbated by an HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usa Suwannasual
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201
| | - Griffith Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Amie K Lund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76201
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18
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Systemic Exposure to Air Pollution Induces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mouse Brain, Contributing to Neurodegeneration Onset. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103699. [PMID: 32456361 PMCID: PMC7279458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In northern Italy, biomass burning-derived (BB) particles and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are considered the most significant contributors to ultrafine particle (UFP) emission. However, a comparison between their impact on different brain regions was not investigated until now. Therefore, male BALB/c mice were treated with a single or three consecutive intratracheal instillations using 50 µg of UFPs in 100 µL of isotonic saline solution or 100 µL of isotonic saline solution alone, and brains were collected and analyzed. Proteins related to oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as Alzheimer's disease markers, were examined in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and the rest of the brain (RoB). Histopathological examination of the brain was also performed. Moreover, correlations among different brain, pulmonary, and cardiovascular markers were performed, allowing us to identify the potentially most stressful UFP source. Although both acute exposures induced inflammatory pathways in mouse brain, only DEP showed strong oxidative stress. The sub-acute exposure also induced the modulation of APP and BACE1 protein levels for both UFPs. We observed that DEP exposure is more harmful than BB, and this different response could be explained by this UFP's different chemical composition and reactivity.
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19
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Zhao J, Mi X, Zhao L, Midgley AC, Tang H, Tian M, Yan H, Wang K, Wang R, Wan Y, Kong D, Mao H, Wang T. Validation of PM 2.5 model particle through physicochemical evaluation and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE -/- mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110308. [PMID: 32058168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 particles are regarded as prominent risk factors that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. However, the composition of PM2.5 is rather complicated. This study aimed to provide a model particle that simulates the behavior of actual PM2.5, for subsequent use in exploring mechanisms and major complications arising from PM2.5. To establish model particles of PM2.5, a series of monodisperse SiO2 microspheres with different average grain diameters were mixed according to the size distribution of actual PM2.5. The organic carbon (OC) was removed from PM2.5 and coated onto the SiO2 model particle, to formulate simulant PM2.5. Results showed that the size distribution of the model particle was highly approximate to that of the PM2.5 core. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) composition profile of the simulated PM2.5 were approximate to PM2.5, and loading efficiency was approximately 80%-120%. Furthermore, compared to the control, SiO2-only model particle had negligible cytotoxicity on cell viability and oxidative stress of HUVECs, and marginal effect on the lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. In contrast, simulated PM2.5 exhibited similar cytotoxic and detrimental effects on lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic plaque formation with actual PM2.5. Traffic-related PM2.5 had negative effects on endothelial function and led to the formation of atherosclerosis via oxidative stress. The simulated PM2.5 simulated the outcomes of actual PM2.5 exposure. Here, we show that SiO2 particle model cores coated with OC could significantly assist in the evaluation of the effects of specific organic compositions bound on PM2.5, specifically in the context of environmental health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xingyan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haoyu Tang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengya Tian
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yajuan Wan
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Hongjun Mao
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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20
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Fitch MN, Phillippi D, Zhang Y, Lucero J, Pandey RS, Liu J, Brower J, Allen MS, Campen MJ, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Effects of inhaled air pollution on markers of integrity, inflammation, and microbiota profiles of the intestines in Apolipoprotein E knockout mice. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108913. [PMID: 31753468 PMCID: PMC6982581 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is known to contribute to the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and there is increasing evidence that dysbiosis of the gut microbiome may also play a role in the pathogenesis of CVD, including atherosclerosis. To date, the effects of inhaled air pollution mixtures on the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), and microbiota profiles are not well characterized, especially in susceptible individuals with comorbidity. Thus, we investigated the effects of inhaled ubiquitous air-pollutants, wood-smoke (WS) and mixed diesel and gasoline vehicle exhaust (MVE) on alterations in the expression of markers of integrity, inflammation, and microbiota profiles in the intestine of atherosclerotic Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. To do this, male 8 wk-old ApoE-/- mice, on a high-fat diet, were exposed to either MVE (300 μg/m3 PM), WS; (∼450 μg/m3 PM), or filtered air (FA) for 6 h/d, 7 d/wk, for 50 d. Immunofluorescence and RT-PCR were used to quantify the expression of IEB components and inflammatory factors, including mucin (Muc)-2, tight junction (TJ) proteins, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β, as well as Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. Microbial profiling of the intestine was done using Illumina 16S sequencing of V4 16S rRNA PCR amplicons. We observed a decrease in intestinal Muc2 and TJ proteins in both MVE and WS exposures, compared to FA controls, associated with a significant increase in MMP-9, TLR-4, and inflammatory marker expression. Both WS and MVE-exposure resulted in decreased intestinal bacterial diversity, as well as alterations in microbiota profiles, including the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. Our findings suggest inhalation exposure to either MVE or WS result in alterations in components involved in mucosal integrity, and also microbiota profiles and diversity, which are associated with increased markers of an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Fitch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Danielle Phillippi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Ravi S Pandey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - June Liu
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Jeremy Brower
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Michael S Allen
- Center for Medical Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Department of Biological Sciences, Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
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21
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Shou Y, Huang Y, Zhu X, Liu C, Hu Y, Wang H. A review of the possible associations between ambient PM2.5 exposures and the development of Alzheimer's disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:344-352. [PMID: 30849654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 particles in air pollution have been widely considered associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 can also cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activation of microglia in the central nervous system can lead to inflammatory and neurological damage. PM2.5 will reduce the methylation level of DNA and affect epigenetics. PM2.5 enters the human body through a variety of pathways to have pathological effects on CNS. For example, PM2.5 can destroy the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), so peripheral systemic inflammation easily crosses BBB and reaches CNS. The olfactory nerve is another way for PM2.5 particles to enter the brain. Surprisingly, PM2.5 can also enter the gastrointestinal tract, causing imbalances in the intestinal microecology to affect central nervous system diseases. The current work collected and discuss the mechanisms of PM2.5-induced CNS damage and PM2.5-induced neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Shou
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Str. 16#, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yilu Huang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Str. 16#, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaozheng Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Str. 16#, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Str. 16#, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Xuelin Str. 16#, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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22
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Tyler CR, Noor S, Young TL, Rivero V, Sanchez B, Lucas S, Caldwell KK, Milligan ED, Campen MJ. Aging Exacerbates Neuroinflammatory Outcomes Induced by Acute Ozone Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2019; 163:123-139. [PMID: 29385576 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of environmental stressors, particularly exposure to air pollution, in the development of neurodegenerative disease remains underappreciated. We examined the neurological effects of acute ozone (O3) exposure in aged mice, where increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability may confer vulnerability to neuroinflammatory outcomes. C57BL/6 male mice, aged 8-10 weeks or 12-18 months were exposed to either filtered air or 1.0 ppm O3 for 4 h; animals received a single IP injection of sodium fluorescein (FSCN) 20 h postexposure. One-hour post-FSCN injection, animals were transcardially perfused for immunohistochemical analysis of BBB permeability. β-amyloid protein expression was assessed via ELISA. Flow cytometric characterization of infiltrating immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and microglia populations was performed 20 h post-O3 exposure. Flow cytometry analysis of brains revealed increased microglia "activation" and presentation of CD11b, F4/80, and MHCII in aged animals relative to younger ones; these age-induced differences were potentiated by acute O3 exposure. Cortical and limbic regions in aged brains had increased reactive microgliosis and β-amyloid protein expression after O3 insult. The aged cerebellum was particularly vulnerable to acute O3 exposure with increased populations of infiltrating neutrophils, peripheral macrophages/monocytes, and Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes after insult, which were not significantly increased in the young cerebellum. O3 exposure increased the penetration of FSCN beyond the BBB, the infiltration of peripheral immune cells, and reactive gliosis of microglia. Thus, the aged BBB is vulnerable to insult and becomes highly penetrable in response to O3 exposure, leading to greater neuroinflammatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina R Tyler
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Biosciences Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Tamara L Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Valeria Rivero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Bethany Sanchez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Selita Lucas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Kevin K Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Erin D Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
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Jin P, Cong S. LOX-1 and atherosclerotic-related diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 491:24-29. [PMID: 30639239 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), a scavenger receptor of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) found in various cells, plays a crucial role in the formation and progression of atherosclerotic plaques. Animal studies have suggested that LOX-1 mediates the balance between internalization and degeneration of endothelial cells, thereby contributing to various steps in the atherosclerotic process, from initiation to plaque rupture. Under pathological conditions, the extracellular domain of membrane bound LOX-1 can be largely proteolytically cleaved into a soluble form (sLOX-1), which is proportional and linked to the LOX-1 expression level. Circulating levels of sLOX-1 are regarded as a risk biomarker for plaque rupture and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Recently, studies have shown that sLOX-1 is also elevated in patients with acute stroke and can be a predictive biomarker for acute stroke. With the discovery of the vital role of LOX-1 in atherosclerosis, there is growing focus on the influence of LOX-1 in atherosclerotic-related diseases, including coronary arterial disease(CAD), stroke, and other cardiovascular events. Genetic polymorphisms of LOX-1 have been investigated and have been found to modulate the risk of these diseases. Most polymorphisms have been found to be risk factors, except for the splicing isoform LOXIN. This review concludes with a discussion of the potential future applications of LOX-1 for atherosclerotic-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfei Jin
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shuyan Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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24
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Young TL, Zychowski KE, Denson JL, Campen MJ. Blood-brain barrier at the interface of air pollution-associated neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation. ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Suwannasual U, Lucero J, McDonald JD, Lund AK. Exposure to traffic-generated air pollutants mediates alterations in brain microvascular integrity in wildtype mice on a high-fat diet. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:449-461. [PMID: 29073573 PMCID: PMC5705467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution-exposure is associated with detrimental outcomes in the central nervous system (CNS) such as cerebrovascular disorders, including stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. While the mechanisms of these CNS-related outcomes involved have not been fully elucidated, exposure to traffic-generated air pollutants has been associated with altered blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity and permeability. The current study investigated whether inhalation exposure to mixed vehicle emissions (MVE) alters cerebral microvascular integrity in healthy 3 mo old C57BL/6 mice, as well as whether exposure-mediated effects were exacerbated by a high-fat (HF) vs. low-fat (LF) diet. Mice on each diet were randomly assigned to be exposed to either filtered air (FA) or MVE [100PM/m3 vehicle emissions mixture: 30µg PM/m3 gasoline engine + 70µg PM/m3 diesel engine emissions; median size ~ 60nm; particle mass size distribution median of ~ 1µm (range: < 0.5-20µm)] for 6h/d, 7d/wk, for 30d. Using sodium fluorescein as a tracer, we observed a significant increase in BBB permeability in both HF + MVE exposed and HF + FA animals, compared to LF + FA controls. Exposure to HF + MVE also led to a significant increase plasma ox-LDL and ox-LDL scavenger receptors (LOX-1 and CD-36) expression in the cerebral vasculature. Histological analysis revealed decreased expression of TJ protein, claudin-5, associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity and oxidative stress in the cerebral vasculature of HF + MVE mice, compared to LF + MVE. Such findings indicate that inhalation exposure to traffic-generated pollutants, coupled with a HF diet, results in altered BBB integrity and increased ox-LDL signaling in the cerebral vasculature in a wildtype animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usa Suwannasual
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - JoAnn Lucero
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Jacob D McDonald
- Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
| | - Amie K Lund
- Advanced Environmental Research Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
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