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Cabrera M, Le Pennec D, Le Guellec S, Pardessus J, Ehrmann S, MacLoughlin R, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Vecellio L. Influence of mesh nebulizer characteristics on aerosol delivery in non-human primates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106606. [PMID: 37832856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-Human Primates (NHPs) are particularly relevant for preclinical studies during the development of inhaled biologics. However, aerosol inhalation in NHPs is difficult to evaluate due to a low lung deposition fraction and high variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mesh nebulizer parameters to improve lung deposition in macaques. We developed a humidified heated and ventilated anatomical 3D printed macaque model of the upper respiratory tract to reduce experiments with animals. The model was compared to in vivo deposition using 2D planar scintigraphy imaging in NHPs and demonstrated good predictivity. Next, the anatomical model was used to evaluate the position of the nebulizer on the mask, the aerosol particle size and the aerosol flow rate on the lung deposition. We showed that placing the mesh-nebulizer in the upper part of the mask and in proximal position to the NHP improved lung delivery prediction. The lower the aerosol size and the lower the aerosol flow rate, the better the predicted aerosol deposition. In particular, for 4.3 ± 0.1 µm in terms of volume mean diameter, we obtained 5.6 % ± 0.2 % % vs 19.2 % ± 2.5 % deposition in the lung model for an aerosol flow rate of 0.4 mL/min vs 0.03 mL/min and achieved 16 % of the nebulizer charge deposited in the lungs of macaques. Despite the improvement of lung deposition efficiency in macaques, its variability remained high (6-21 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabrera
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Déborah Le Pennec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Le Guellec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; DTF-Aerodrug, Tours, France
| | - Jeoffrey Pardessus
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stephan Ehrmann
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France.
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2
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Kanekiyo M, Gillespie RA, Midgett M, O’Malley KJ, Williams C, Moin SM, Wallace M, Treaster L, Cooper K, Syeda H, Kettenburg G, Rannulu H, Schmer T, Ortiz L, Da Silva Castanha P, Corry J, Xia M, Olsen E, Perez D, Yun G, Graham BS, Barratt-Boyes SM, Reed DS. Refined semi-lethal aerosol H5N1 influenza model in cynomolgus macaques for evaluation of medical countermeasures. iScience 2023; 26:107830. [PMID: 37766976 PMCID: PMC10520834 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses cause high mortality in humans and have pandemic potential. Effective vaccines and treatments against this threat are urgently needed. Here, we have refined our previously established model of lethal H5N1 infection in cynomolgus macaques. An inhaled aerosol virus dose of 5.1 log10 plaque-forming unit (pfu) induced a strong febrile response and acute respiratory disease, with four out of six macaques succumbing after challenge. Vaccination with three doses of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine elicited low but detectable neutralizing antibody to H5N1. All six vaccinated macaques survived four times the 50% lethal dose of aerosolized H5N1, while four of six unvaccinated controls succumbed to disease. Although vaccination did not protect against severe influenza, vaccinees had reduced respiratory dysfunction and lower viral load in airways compared to controls. We anticipate that our macaque model will play a vital role in evaluating vaccines and antivirals against influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kanekiyo
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Gillespie
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Midgett
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Connor Williams
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Syed M. Moin
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Megan Wallace
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luke Treaster
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kristine Cooper
- Biostatistics Facility, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hubza Syeda
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwenddolen Kettenburg
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hasala Rannulu
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tabitha Schmer
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Ortiz
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Corry
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mengying Xia
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily Olsen
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gabin Yun
- Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Molecular Engineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon M. Barratt-Boyes
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Douglas S. Reed
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Boydston JA, Biryukov J, Yeager JJ, Zimmerman HA, Williams G, Green B, Reese AL, Beck K, Bohannon JK, Miller D, Freeburger D, Graham A, Wahl V, Hevey MC, Dabisch PA. Aerosol Particle Size Influences the Infectious Dose and Disease Severity in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model of Inhalational COVID-19. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2023; 36:235-245. [PMID: 37262184 PMCID: PMC10615081 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Significant evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via respiratory aerosols, which are known to vary as a function of respiratory activity. Most animal models examine disease presentation following inhalation of small-particle aerosols similar to those generated during quiet breathing or speaking. However, despite evidence that particle size can influence dose-infectivity relationships and disease presentation for other microorganisms, no studies have examined the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 contained in larger particle aerosols similar to those produced during coughing, singing, or talking. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the influence of aerodynamic diameter on the infectivity and virulence of aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of inhalational COVID-19. Methods: Dose-response relationships were assessed for two different aerosol particle size distributions, with mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMADs) of 1.3 and 5.2 μm in groups of Syrian hamsters exposed to aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2. Results: Disease was characterized by viral shedding in oropharyngeal swabs, increased respiratory rate, decreased activity, and decreased weight gain. Aerosol particle size significantly influenced the median doses to induce seroconversion and viral shedding, with both increasing ∼30-fold when the MMAD was increased. In addition, disease presentation was dose-dependent, with seroconversion and viral shedding occurring at lower doses than symptomatic disease characterized by increased respiratory rate and decreased activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that aerosol particle size may be an important factor influencing the risk of COVID-19 transmission and needs to be considered when developing animal models of disease. This result agrees with numerous previous studies with other microorganisms and animal species, suggesting that it would be generally translatable across different species. However, it should be noted that the absolute magnitude of the observed shifts in the median doses obtained with the specific particle sizes utilized herein may not be directly applicable to other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Boydston
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Biryukov
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John J. Yeager
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather A. Zimmerman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Gregory Williams
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Green
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy L. Reese
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie Beck
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan K. Bohannon
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Freeburger
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael C. Hevey
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Dabisch
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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4
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Hermet P, Delache B, Herate C, Wolf E, Kivi G, Juronen E, Mumm K, Žusinaite E, Kainov D, Sankovski E, Virumäe K, Planken A, Merits A, Besaw JE, Yee AW, Morizumi T, Kim K, Kuo A, Berriche A, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Sconosciuti Q, Naninck T, Relouzat F, Cavarelli M, Ustav M, Wilson D, Ernst OP, Männik A, LeGrand R, Ustav M. Broadly neutralizing humanized SARS-CoV-2 antibody binds to a conserved epitope on Spike and provides antiviral protection through inhalation-based delivery in non-human primates. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011532. [PMID: 37531329 PMCID: PMC10395824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic represents a global challenge that has impacted and is expected to continue to impact the lives and health of people across the world for the foreseeable future. The rollout of vaccines has provided highly anticipated relief, but effective therapeutics are required to further reduce the risk and severity of infections. Monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be effective as therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2, but as new variants of concern (VoC) continue to emerge, their utility and use have waned due to limited or no efficacy against these variants. Furthermore, cumbersome systemic administration limits easy and broad access to such drugs. As well, concentrations of systemically administered antibodies in the mucosal epithelium, a primary site of initial infection, are dependent on neonatal Fc receptor mediated transport and require high drug concentrations. To reduce the viral load more effectively in the lung, we developed an inhalable formulation of a SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody binding to a conserved epitope on the Spike protein, ensuring pan-neutralizing properties. Administration of this antibody via a vibrating mesh nebulization device retained antibody integrity and resulted in effective distribution of the antibody in the upper and lower respiratory tract of non-human primates (NHP). In comparison with intravenous administration, significantly higher antibody concentrations can be obtained in the lung, resulting in highly effective reduction in viral load post SARS-CoV-2 challenge. This approach may reduce the barriers of access and uptake of antibody therapeutics in real-world clinical settings and provide a more effective blueprint for targeting existing and potentially emerging respiratory tract viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Cecile Herate
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Gaily Kivi
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ; Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Karl Mumm
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ; Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jessica E Besaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Ai Woon Yee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Kyumhyuk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Anling Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | - Asma Berriche
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nathalie Dereuddre-Bosquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Quentin Sconosciuti
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Francis Relouzat
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mariangela Cavarelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mart Ustav
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ; Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Oliver P Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto; Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Roger LeGrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT); Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Mart Ustav
- Icosagen Cell Factory OÜ; Tartu, Estonia
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5
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Hsia CCW, Bates JHT, Driehuys B, Fain SB, Goldin JG, Hoffman EA, Hogg JC, Levin DL, Lynch DA, Ochs M, Parraga G, Prisk GK, Smith BM, Tawhai M, Vidal Melo MF, Woods JC, Hopkins SR. Quantitative Imaging Metrics for the Assessment of Pulmonary Pathophysiology: An Official American Thoracic Society and Fleischner Society Joint Workshop Report. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2023; 20:161-195. [PMID: 36723475 PMCID: PMC9989862 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.202211-915st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple thoracic imaging modalities have been developed to link structure to function in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) renders three-dimensional maps of lung structures and may be combined with positron emission tomography (PET) to obtain dynamic physiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using ultrashort-echo time (UTE) sequences has improved signal detection from lung parenchyma; contrast agents are used to deduce airway function, ventilation-perfusion-diffusion, and mechanics. Proton MRI can measure regional ventilation-perfusion ratio. Quantitative imaging (QI)-derived endpoints have been developed to identify structure-function phenotypes, including air-blood-tissue volume partition, bronchovascular remodeling, emphysema, fibrosis, and textural patterns indicating architectural alteration. Coregistered landmarks on paired images obtained at different lung volumes are used to infer airway caliber, air trapping, gas and blood transport, compliance, and deformation. This document summarizes fundamental "good practice" stereological principles in QI study design and analysis; evaluates technical capabilities and limitations of common imaging modalities; and assesses major QI endpoints regarding underlying assumptions and limitations, ability to detect and stratify heterogeneous, overlapping pathophysiology, and monitor disease progression and therapeutic response, correlated with and complementary to, functional indices. The goal is to promote unbiased quantification and interpretation of in vivo imaging data, compare metrics obtained using different QI modalities to ensure accurate and reproducible metric derivation, and avoid misrepresentation of inferred physiological processes. The role of imaging-based computational modeling in advancing these goals is emphasized. Fundamental principles outlined herein are critical for all forms of QI irrespective of acquisition modality or disease entity.
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6
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Lackemeyer MG, Bohannon JK, Holbrook MR. Nipah Virus Aerosol Challenge of Three Distinct Particle Sizes in Nonhuman Primates. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:175-189. [PMID: 37610582 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol and inhalational studies of high-consequence pathogens allow researchers to study the disease course and effects of biologicals transmitted through aerosol in a laboratory-controlled environment. Inhalational studies involving Nipah virus with small (1-3 μm), intermediate (6-8 μm), and large particles (10-14 μm) were explored in African green nonhuman primates to determine if the subsequent disease course more closely recapitulated what is observed in Nipah virus human disease. The aerosol procedures outlined describe the different equipment/techniques used to generate the three particle sizes and control the site of particle deposition within this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Kyle Bohannon
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
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7
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Man F, Tang J, Swedrowska M, Forbes B, T M de Rosales R. Imaging drug delivery to the lungs: Methods and applications in oncology. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114641. [PMID: 36509173 PMCID: PMC10227194 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Direct delivery to the lung via inhalation is arguably one of the most logical approaches to treat lung cancer using drugs. However, despite significant efforts and investment in this area, this strategy has not progressed in clinical trials. Imaging drug delivery is a powerful tool to understand and develop novel drug delivery strategies. In this review we focus on imaging studies of drug delivery by the inhalation route, to provide a broad overview of the field to date and attempt to better understand the complexities of this route of administration and the significant barriers that it faces, as well as its advantages. We start with a discussion of the specific challenges for drug delivery to the lung via inhalation. We focus on the barriers that have prevented progress of this approach in oncology, as well as the most recent developments in this area. This is followed by a comprehensive overview of the different imaging modalities that are relevant to lung drug delivery, including nuclear imaging, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging and mass spectrometry imaging. For each of these modalities, examples from the literature where these techniques have been explored are provided. Finally the different applications of these technologies in oncology are discussed, focusing separately on small molecules and nanomedicines. We hope that this comprehensive review will be informative to the field and will guide the future preclinical and clinical development of this promising drug delivery strategy to maximise its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Man
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Magda Swedrowska
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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8
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Shang Y, Dong J, He F, Inthavong K, Tian L, Tu J. Detailed comparative analysis of environmental microparticle deposition characteristics between human and monkey nasal cavities using a surface mapping technique. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158770. [PMID: 36108859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled particulate matter is associated with nasal diseases such as allergic rhinitis, rhinosinusitis and neural disorders. Its health risks on humans are usually evaluated by measurements on monkeys as they share close phylogenetic relationship. However, the reliability of cross-species toxicological extrapolation is in doubt due to physiological and anatomical variations, which greatly undermine the reliability of these expensive human surrogate models. This study numerically investigated in-depth microparticle transport and deposition characteristics on human and monkey (Macaca fuscata) nasal cavities that were reconstructed from CT-images. Deposition characteristics of 1-30μm particles were investigated under resting and active breathing conditions. Similar trends were observed for total deposition efficiencies and a single correlation using Stokes Number was fitted for both species and both breathing conditions, which is convenient for monkey-human extrapolation. Regional deposition patterns were carefully compared using the surface mapping technique. Deposition patterns of low, medium and high inertial particles, classified based on their total deposition efficiencies, were further analyzed in the 3D view and the mapped 2D view, which allows locating particle depositions on specific nasal regions. According to the particle intensity contours and regional deposition profiles, the major differences were observed at the vestibule and the floor of the nasal cavity, where higher deposition intensities of medium and high inertial particles were shown in the monkey case than the human case. Comparisons of airflow streamlines indicated that the cross-species variations of microparticle deposition patterns are mainly contributed by two factors. First, the more oblique directions of monkey nostrils result in a sharper airflow turn in the vestibule region. Second, the monkey's relatively narrower nasal valves lead to higher impaction of medium and high inertial particles on the nasal cavity floor. The methods and findings in this study would contribute to an improved cross-species toxicological extrapolation between human and monkey nasal cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Shang
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jingliang Dong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
| | - Fajiang He
- College of Air Transportation, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Kiao Inthavong
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Lin Tian
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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9
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Dabisch PA, Sanjak JS, Boydston JA, Yeager J, Herzog A, Biryukov J, Beck K, Do D, Seman BG, Green B, Bohannon JK, Holland B, Miller D, Ammons T, Freeburger D, Miller S, Jenkins T, Rippeon S, Miller J, Clarke D, Manan E, Patty A, Rhodes K, Sweeney T, Winpigler M, Altamura LA, Zimmerman H, Hail AS, Wahl V, Hevey M. Comparison of Dose-Response Relationships for Two Isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Inhalational COVID-19. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2022; 35:296-306. [PMID: 36318785 PMCID: PMC9807281 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen, with several displaying increased transmissibility. Methods: The present study compared dose-response relationships and disease presentation in nonhuman primates infected with aerosols containing an isolate of the Gamma variant of SARS-CoV-2 to the results of our previous study with the earlier WA-1 isolate of SARS-CoV-2. Results: Disease in Gamma-infected animals was mild, characterized by dose-dependent fever and oronasal shedding of virus. Differences were observed in shedding in the upper respiratory tract between Gamma- and WA-1-infected animals that have the potential to influence disease transmission. Specifically, the estimated median doses for shedding of viral RNA or infectious virus in nasal swabs were approximately 10-fold lower for the Gamma variant than the WA-1 isolate. Given that the median doses for fever were similar, this suggests that there is a greater difference between the median doses for viral shedding and fever for Gamma than for WA-1 and potentially an increased range of doses for Gamma over which asymptomatic shedding and disease transmission are possible. Conclusions: These results complement those of previous studies, which suggested that differences in exposure dose may help to explain the range of clinical disease presentations observed in individuals with COVID-19, highlighting the importance of public health measures designed to limit exposure dose, such as masking and social distancing. The dose-response data provided by this study are important to inform disease transmission and hazard modeling, as well as to inform dose selection in future studies examining the efficacy of therapeutics and vaccines in animal models of inhalational COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Dabisch
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA.,Address correspondence to: Paul A. Dabisch, PhD, National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 8300 Research Plaza, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jaleal S. Sanjak
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy A. Boydston
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John Yeager
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Biryukov
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Katie Beck
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Danh Do
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brittany G. Seman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Green
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jordan K. Bohannon
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Holland
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Taylor Ammons
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Denise Freeburger
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tammy Jenkins
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Sherry Rippeon
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - James Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - David Clarke
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuel Manan
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Patty
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Rhodes
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tina Sweeney
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Winpigler
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis A. Altamura
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Zimmerman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Alec S. Hail
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Hevey
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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10
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Dabisch PA, Biryukov J, Beck K, Boydston JA, Sanjak JS, Herzog A, Green B, Williams G, Yeager J, Bohannon JK, Holland B, Miller D, Reese AL, Freeburger D, Miller S, Jenkins T, Rippeon S, Miller J, Clarke D, Manan E, Patty A, Rhodes K, Sweeney T, Winpigler M, Price O, Rodriguez J, Altamura LA, Zimmerman H, Hail AS, Wahl V, Hevey M. Seroconversion and fever are dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model of inhalational COVID-19. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009865. [PMID: 34424943 PMCID: PMC8412324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While evidence exists supporting the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the infectious dose by inhalation remains unknown. In the present study, the probability of infection following inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 was dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model of inhalational COVID-19. The median infectious dose, assessed by seroconversion, was 52 TCID50 (95% CI: 23-363 TCID50), and was significantly lower than the median dose for fever (256 TCID50, 95% CI: 102-603 TCID50), resulting in a group of animals that developed an immune response post-exposure but did not develop fever or other clinical signs of infection. In a subset of these animals, virus was detected in nasopharyngeal and/or oropharyngeal swabs, suggesting that infected animals without signs of disease are able to shed virus and may be infectious, which is consistent with reports of asymptomatic spread in human cases of COVID-19. These results suggest that differences in exposure dose may be a factor influencing disease presentation in humans, and reinforce the importance of public health measures that limit exposure dose, such as social distancing, masking, and increased ventilation. The dose-response data provided by this study are important to inform disease transmission and hazard modeling, and, ultimately, mitigation strategies. Additionally, these data will be useful to inform dose selection in future studies examining the efficacy of therapeutics and vaccines against inhalational COVID-19, and as a baseline in healthy, young adult animals for assessment of the importance of other factors, such as age, comorbidities, and viral variant, on the infectious dose and disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Dabisch
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Biryukov
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katie Beck
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeremy A. Boydston
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jaleal S. Sanjak
- Gryphon Scientific LLC, Takoma Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Artemas Herzog
- Censeo Insight, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brian Green
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gregory Williams
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Yeager
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jordan K. Bohannon
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian Holland
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Reese
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Denise Freeburger
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Susan Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tammy Jenkins
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sherry Rippeon
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Miller
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Clarke
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel Manan
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ashley Patty
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kim Rhodes
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tina Sweeney
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Winpigler
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Owen Price
- Applied Research Associates, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jason Rodriguez
- Applied Research Associates, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Louis A. Altamura
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heather Zimmerman
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alec S. Hail
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victoria Wahl
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Michael Hevey
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), Operated by Battelle National Biodefense Institute for the US Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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11
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Recommendations for Standardizing Thorax PET-CT in Non-Human Primates by Recent Experience from Macaque Studies. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010204. [PMID: 33467761 PMCID: PMC7830664 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the possibilities of routine clinical measures and assays on readily accessible bio-samples, it is not always essential in animals to investigate the dynamics of disease longitudinally. In this regard, minimally invasive imaging methods provide powerful tools in preclinical research. They can contribute to the ethical principle of gathering as much relevant information per animal as possible. Besides, with an obvious parallel to clinical diagnostic practice, such imaging platforms are potent and valuable instruments leading to a more refined use of animals from a welfare perspective. Non-human primates comprise highly relevant species for preclinical research to enhance our understanding of disease mechanisms and/or the development of improved prophylactic or therapeutic regimen for various human diseases. In this paper, we describe parameters that critically affect the quality of integrated positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) in non-human primates. Lessons learned are exemplified by results from imaging experimental infectious respiratory disease in macaques; specifically tuberculosis, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We focus on the thorax and use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose as a PET tracer. Recommendations are provided to guide various stages of PET-CT-supported research in non-human primates, from animal selection, scan preparation, and operation, to processing and analysis of imaging data.
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12
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Lee JH, Hammoud DA, Cong Y, Huzella LM, Castro MA, Solomon J, Laux J, Lackemeyer M, Bohannon JK, Rojas O, Byrum R, Adams R, Ragland D, St Claire M, Munster V, Holbrook MR. The Use of Large-Particle Aerosol Exposure to Nipah Virus to Mimic Human Neurological Disease Manifestations in the African Green Monkey. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:S419-S430. [PMID: 31687756 PMCID: PMC7368178 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging virus associated with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease and encephalitis. To develop a neurological model for NiV infection, we exposed 6 adult African green monkeys to a large-particle (approximately 12 μm) aerosol containing NiV (Malaysian isolate). Brain magnetic resonance images were obtained at baseline, every 3 days after exposure for 2 weeks, and then weekly until week 8 after exposure. Four of six animals showed abnormalities reminiscent of human disease in brain magnetic resonance images. Abnormalities ranged from cytotoxic edema to vasogenic edema. The majority of lesions were small infarcts, and a few showed inflammatory or encephalitic changes. Resolution or decreased size in some lesions resembled findings reported in patients with NiV infection. Histological lesions in the brain included multifocal areas of encephalomalacia, corresponding to known ischemic foci. In other regions of the brain there was evidence of vasculitis, with perivascular infiltrates of inflammatory cells and rare intravascular fibrin thrombi. This animal model will help us better understand the acute neurological features of NiV infection and develop therapeutic approaches for managing disease caused by NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Dima A Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Louis M Huzella
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcelo A Castro
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Laux
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Lackemeyer
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - J Kyle Bohannon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Oscar Rojas
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Russ Byrum
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ricky Adams
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Danny Ragland
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa St Claire
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Vincent Munster
- Virus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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13
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Lara A, Cong Y, Jahrling PB, Mednikov M, Postnikova E, Yu S, Munster V, Holbrook MR. Peripheral immune response in the African green monkey model following Nipah-Malaysia virus exposure by intermediate-size particle aerosol. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007454. [PMID: 31166946 PMCID: PMC6576798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to appropriately mimic human disease is critical for using animal models as a tool for understanding virus pathogenesis. In the case of Nipah virus (NiV), infection of humans appears to occur either through inhalation, contact with or consumption of infected material. In two of these circumstances, respiratory or sinusoidal exposure represents a likely route of infection. In this study, intermediate-size aerosol particles (~7 μm) of NiV-Malaysia were used to mimic potential routes of exposure by focusing viral deposition in the upper respiratory tract. Our previous report showed this route of exposure extended the disease course and a single animal survived the infection. Here, analysis of the peripheral immune response found minimal evidence of systemic inflammation and depletion of B cells during acute disease. However, the animal that survived infection developed an early IgM response with rapid development of neutralizing antibodies that likely afforded protection. The increase in NiV-specific antibodies correlated with an expansion of the B cell population in the survivor. Cell-mediated immunity was not clearly apparent in animals that succumbed during the acute phase of disease. However, CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory cells increased in the survivor with correlating increases in cytokines and chemokines associated with cell-mediated immunity. Interestingly, kinetic changes of the CD4+ and CD8bright T cell populations over the course of acute disease were opposite from animals that succumbed to infection. In addition, increases in NK cells and basophils during convalescence of the surviving animal were also evident, with viral antigen found in NK cells. These data suggest that a systemic inflammatory response and "cytokine storm" are not major contributors to NiV-Malaysia pathogenesis in the AGM model using this exposure route. Further, these data demonstrate that regulation of cell-mediated immunity, in addition to rapid production of NiV specific antibodies, may be critical for surviving NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Lara
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Yu Cong
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Mark Mednikov
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Elena Postnikova
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Vincent Munster
- Virus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
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14
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Tarlo SM. Occupational and Environmental Exposures and Their Role in Chronic Cough. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-019-00242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Akpeimeh GF, Fletcher LA, Evans BE. Exposure to bioaerosols at open dumpsites: A case study of bioaerosols exposure from activities at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 89:37-47. [PMID: 31079751 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Activities associated with the open dumping of municipal solid waste has the potential for greater impact on the environment and public health compared to other forms of waste-to-land treatment of such wastes. However, there is a lack of quantitative data on the exposure to bioaerosols from open dumpsites, hence impeding the development of effective interventions that would reduce the risk of respiratory symptoms among scavengers and waste workers at such dumpsites. This study investigated exposure to bioaerosols at Olusosun open dumpsite, Lagos Nigeria using three methodologies; (1) Conducting a cross-sectional survey on the respiratory health of the population on the dumpsite, (2) Measuring bioaerosol concentrations in the ambient air by measuring four bioaerosols indicator groups (total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Aspergillus fumigatus and total fungi) using a Anderson six stage impactor sampler, (3) Measuring activity related exposures to bioaerosols using an SKC button personal sampler. After a cross sectional health survey of 149 participants (waste workers, scavengers, middlemen, food vendors and business owners), smokers reported higher symptoms of chronic cough (21%) and chronic phlegm (15%) compared to non-smokers (chronic cough 15%, chronic phlegm 13%). Years of work > 5 years showed no statistically significant association with chronic phlegm (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.4-3.4; p > 0.05) or asthma (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.6-5.2; p > 0.05). At the 95th percentile, the concentration of total bacteria was the highest (2189 CFU/m3), then gram negative bacteria (2188 CFU/m3), total fungi (843 CFU/m3) and Aspergillus fumigatus (441 CFU/m3) after ambient air sampling. A comparison of the data showed that the activity-based sampling (undertaken using body worn personal sampler) had higher bioaerosols concentrations (104 -106 CFU/m3), i.e. 2-3 logs higher than those recorded from static ambient air sampling. Bioaerosol exposure was highest during scavenging activities compared to waste sorting and site supervision. Particle size distributions showed that 41%, 46%, 76% and 63% of total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Aspergillus fumigatus and total fungi respectively were of respirable sizes and would therefore be capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory system, posing a greater human health risk. This study has shown that exposure to bioaerosols can be associated with activities undertaken at open dumpsites and may contribute to the high prevalence of the chronic respiratory symptoms among the workers in such environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Akpeimeh
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - L A Fletcher
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - B E Evans
- School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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16
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Kwok PCL, Wallin M, Dolovich MB, Chan HK. Studies of Radioaerosol Deposition in the Respiratory Tract. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:62-70. [PMID: 30545519 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deposition of aerosols in the respiratory tract can be quantitatively and qualitatively studied by scintigraphy. The most commonly used radionuclide for this purpose is technetium-99m. The effects of various factors on particle deposition have been investigated by using radiolabeled aerosols in the past decade. Most of these studies were in vivo but some were in vitro or ex vivo. The factors examined include particle size, formulation, inhaler design, inhalation flowrate, body posture, and gravity. They have been shown to influence pulmonary deposition, nasal high flow nebulization, and intranasal delivery. A thorough understanding of the various factors is required for the advancement of respiratory-drug delivery. Scintigraphy is a powerful technique that can assist in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Wallin
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myrna B Dolovich
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Hammoud DA, Lentz MR, Lara A, Bohannon JK, Feuerstein I, Huzella L, Jahrling PB, Lackemeyer M, Laux J, Rojas O, Sayre P, Solomon J, Cong Y, Munster V, Holbrook MR. Aerosol exposure to intermediate size Nipah virus particles induces neurological disease in African green monkeys. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006978. [PMID: 30462637 PMCID: PMC6281276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) infection can lead to severe respiratory or neurological disease in humans. Transmission of NiV has been shown to occur through contact with virus contaminated fomites or consumption of contaminated food. Previous results using the African green monkey (AGM) model of NiV infection identified aspects of infection that, while similar to humans, don’t fully recapitulate disease. Previous studies also demonstrate near uniform lethality that is not consistent with human NiV infection. In these studies, aerosol exposure using an intermediate particle size (7μm) was used to mimic potential human exposure by facilitating virus deposition in the upper respiratory tract. Computed tomography evaluation found some animals developed pulmonary parenchymal disease including consolidations, ground-glass opacities, and reactive adenopathy. Despite the lack of neurological signs, magnetic resonance imaging identified distinct brain lesions in three animals, similar to those previously reported in NiV-infected patients. Immunological characterization of tissues collected at necropsy suggested a local pulmonary inflammatory response with increased levels of macrophages in the lung, but a limited neurologic response. These data provide the first clear evidence of neurological involvement in the AGM that recapitulates human disease. With the development of a disease model that is more representative of human disease, these data suggest that NiV infection in the AGM may be appropriate for evaluating therapeutic countermeasures directed at virus-induced neuropathogenesis. The development of effective therapeutic approaches to the treatment of human diseases requires an understanding of the disease process induced by an infectious agent. Historically the development of medical countermeasures for highly pathogenic viruses required the use of a uniformly lethal animal model. While this approach is useful in some regards, it frequently does not provide a true indication of the disease process. In the work presented here, the approach was to use a virus exposure method that mimicked a potential route of human exposure and used a dose that might be more representative of one a human would receive. Using this method and advanced medical imaging techniques, we were able to demonstrate an extended disease course with mixed respiratory and neurological disease like that seen in humans. This study also found that the response to infection in the lungs was inflammatory and that the disease in the brain was limited despite clear evidence of lesions. These data support the development of animal models that mimic human disease and allow for the identification of potential therapeutic approaches that target the disease process rather than only the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima A. Hammoud
- Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Margaret R. Lentz
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Abigail Lara
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jordan K. Bohannon
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Irwin Feuerstein
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Louis Huzella
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Peter B. Jahrling
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Matthew Lackemeyer
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Joseph Laux
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Oscar Rojas
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Philip Sayre
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Solomon
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Yu Cong
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Vincent Munster
- Virus Ecology Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- NIAID Integrated Research Facility, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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