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Monroe AD, Judge ST, Bass CL, Crofford LJ, Segerstrom SC. Optimism and Sleep in Aging Women: Bidirectional Relationships. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:244-251. [PMID: 38193773 PMCID: PMC11081851 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep quality and duration are important for biological restoration and promotion of psychological well-being. Optimism may facilitate or result from sufficient sleep, but questions remain as to directionality. The present study tested how optimism is associated with levels of and variability in sleep quantity and quality in a longitudinal burst design. METHODS Midlife and older women ( N = 199) reported their sleep quantity and quality in online diaries for a 7-day period, every 3 months for 2 years. Optimism was measured at baseline and end-of-study. Multilevel models tested the effects of optimism on sleep. Linear regression models tested the effect of sleep on optimism. RESULTS Baseline optimism was associated with higher sleep quality ( γ = 2.13 [1.16 to 3.11], p < .0001) and lower intraindividual variability (IIV; night-to-night and wave-to-wave) in sleep quantity (night-to-night: γ = -0.07 [-0.13 to -0.005], p = .03; wave-to-wave: b = -0.07 [-0.12 to -0.02], p = .003). In turn, higher average sleep quality (but not quantity) was associated with higher optimism at end-of-study ( b = 0.02 [0.007 to 0.03], p = .002). Variability in sleep was unrelated to optimism. CONCLUSIONS Optimism may play an important role in maintaining sleep quality and consistency in sleep quantity, perhaps by buffering stress. Similarly, sleep quality may play an important role in maintaining optimism. The cycle whereby optimism and sleep enhance one another could improve physical health and psychological well-being among aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison D. Monroe
- Department of Counseling and Human Development Services, University of Georgia
| | | | | | - Leslie J. Crofford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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Tout AF, Jessop DC, Miles E. Investigating the combined and unique contributions of positive psychological traits to sleep and exploring emotion regulation as a common mediator. J Behav Med 2024; 47:207-219. [PMID: 37698804 PMCID: PMC10944429 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The identification of variables which facilitate good quality and quantity sleep represents an important step in tackling the current global sleep loss epidemic. Previous research has established links between good sleep and the positive psychological traits of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism. However, studies have typically focused on single traits, limiting understanding of their collective and independent associations. The two studies reported here address this gap by exploring the combined and unique contributions of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism to sleep; Study 2 further investigated emotion regulation as a common underlying mechanism. Participants in both studies (Study 1 N = 268; Study 2 N = 333) completed online questionnaires assessing the four positive psychological traits and sleep quality and quantity; participants in Study 2 also completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism collectively accounted for 24.96% (Study 1) and 15.81% (Study 2) of the variance in overall sleep quality and quantity. Optimism and mindfulness emerged as significant linear predictors in their own right, with higher levels of optimism and mindfulness respectively being associated with better sleep. Study 2 further identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a common mediating mechanism. Findings highlight the importance of positive psychological traits in relation to sleep and indicate that optimism and mindfulness might make unique contributions to the prediction of sleep outcomes. Findings also flag emotion regulation as a potential common mediator of associations between positive psychological traits and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber F Tout
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Donna C Jessop
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
| | - Eleanor Miles
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9QH, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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Ljubičić M, Šare S, Kolčić I. Sleep Quality and Evening Salivary Cortisol Levels in Association with the Psychological Resources of Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders and Type 1 Diabetes. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06269-7. [PMID: 38300504 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation can decrease parental well-being and degrade mental and physical health in parents of children with chronic illness. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of sleep quality, psychological stress perception, and evening salivary cortisol concentration with self-esteem, optimism and happiness in parents of children with type 1 diabetes and developmental disorders compared to parents of healthy, typically developing children. METHODS We studied 196 parents of children with chronic conditions, including autistic spectrum disorder (N = 33), cerebral palsy (N = 18), Down syndrome (N = 33), and diabetes mellitus type 1 (N = 40) and parents of healthy children (N = 72). We evaluated parental sleep quality, evening salivary cortisol levels, self-esteem, optimism and happiness. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations between variables. RESULTS Compared with those of the control group, the parents of children with autistic spectrum disorders had higher evening cortisol concentrations (β = 0.17; p = 0.038) and lower perceptions of happiness (β=-0.17; p = 0.017), while parents of children with type 1 diabetes had disrupted sleep quality (β = 0.25; p = 0.003). Optimism was negatively associated with the evening cortisol concentration (β=-0.18; p = 0.023) and sleep quality index (β=-0.20; p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Public health programs aimed at lifestyle habit improvement, respite care, and relaxation for parents of children with chronic conditions would be useful for improving parental sleep quality, self-esteem, optimism and happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ljubičić
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, Zadar, 23000, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Šare
- Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Splitska 1, Zadar, 23000, Croatia
- Medical School Ante Kuzmanića Zadar, Franje Tuđmana 24G, Zadar, 23000, Croatia
| | - Ivana Kolčić
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, Split, 21000, Croatia
- Algebra LAB, Algebra University College, Gradišćanska ul. 24, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
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García-Tudela Á, Simonelli-Muñoz AJ, Jiménez-Rodríguez D, Martínez Franco P, Rivera-Caravaca JM, Gallego-Gómez JI. Sleep analysis of hospital and out-of-hospital emergency professionals. Int Emerg Nurs 2023; 71:101352. [PMID: 37738910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2023.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive functioning and a greater risk of serious diseases. Herein, we analyzed differences in the quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness between hospital emergency services and out-of-hospital emergencies services, and investigated its association with sociodemographic and labor variables. METHOD This is a cross-sectional observational study carried out between April 2019 and February 2020, including healthcare professionals from different emergency departments, who were evaluated through the following instruments: "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index" and "Epworth Sleepiness Scale". RESULTS Four-hundred and four healthcare professionals were included (mean age 40.4 ± 11.1 years), predominantly women (61.4%) from hospital emergency departments (62.6%). A total of 65.3% of the workers had poor sleep quality and 27.7% had excessive sleepiness. Women had poorer sleep quality (p = 0.022) and higher sleepiness (p = 0.010) than men. Hospital emergency workers presented 2-fold increased risk of poor sleep quality (OR = 1.93, p = 0.003) and sleepiness (OR = 1.93, p = 0.009) than out-of-hospital emergency workers. The more optimistic were less likely to have poor sleep quality (OR = 0.73, p = 0.01) or sleepiness (OR = 0.70, p = 0.002). Nurses, emergency medical technicians and nursing assistants also had a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to physicians (OR = 1.60; p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Emergency healthcare professionals working in hospital emergency departments had a two-times higher risk of poor sleep quality and sleepiness than out-of-hospital emergency healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel García-Tudela
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcian Institute of Biosanitary Research (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERCV, Murcia, Spain
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Matricciani L, Paquet C, Dumuid D, Lushington K, Olds T. Multidimensional Sleep and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: Examining Self-Report and Objective Dimensions of Sleep. DIABETES EDUCATOR 2022; 48:533-545. [DOI: 10.1177/26350106221137896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between objective and self-report measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study examines data on Australian adults, collected as part of the Child Health CheckPoint study. Sleep was examined in terms of actigraphy-derived sleep duration, timing, efficiency and variability; and self-report trouble sleeping. Cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes were examined in terms of body mass index and biomarkers of inflammation and dyslipidemia. Generalized estimating equations, adjusted for geographic clustering, were used to determine the association between measures of sleep and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: Complete case analysis was conducted for 1017 parents (87% mothers). Both objective and self-report measures of sleep were significantly but weakly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusion: Both objective and self-report measures of sleep are significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Self-report troubled sleep is associated with poorer cardiometabolic health, independent of actigraphy-derived sleep parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Matricciani
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Faculté des Sciences Administratives, Université Laval; Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), INAF, Université Laval; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance (AHHP), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Lushington
- Discipline of Psychology, Justice and Society Unit, University of South Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Niemeijer K, Mestdagh M, Kuppens P. Tracking Subjective Sleep Quality and Mood With Mobile Sensing: Multiverse Study. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e25643. [PMID: 35302502 PMCID: PMC8976254 DOI: 10.2196/25643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep influences moods and mood disorders. Existing methods for tracking the quality of people’s sleep are laborious and obtrusive. If a method were available that would allow effortless and unobtrusive tracking of sleep quality, it would mark a significant step toward obtaining sleep data for research and clinical applications. Objective Our goal was to evaluate the potential of mobile sensing data to obtain information about a person’s sleep quality. For this purpose, we investigated to what extent various automatically gathered mobile sensing features are capable of predicting (1) subjective sleep quality (SSQ), (2) negative affect (NA), and (3) depression; these variables are associated with objective sleep quality. Through a multiverse analysis, we examined how the predictive quality varied as a function of the selected sensor, the extracted feature, various preprocessing options, and the statistical prediction model. Methods We used data from a 2-week trial where we collected mobile sensing and experience sampling data from an initial sample of 60 participants. After data cleaning and removing participants with poor compliance, we retained 50 participants. Mobile sensing data involved the accelerometer, charging status, light sensor, physical activity, screen activity, and Wi-Fi status. Instructions were given to participants to keep their smartphone charged and connected to Wi-Fi at night. We constructed 1 model for every combination of multiverse parameters to evaluate their effects on each of the outcome variables. We evaluated the statistical models by applying them to training, validation, and test sets to prevent overfitting. Results Most models (on either of the outcome variables) were not informative on the validation set (ie, predicted R2≤0). However, our best models achieved R2 values of 0.658, 0.779, and 0.074 for SSQ, NA, and depression, respectively on the training set and R2 values of 0.348, 0.103, and 0.025, respectively on the test set. Conclusions The approach demonstrated in this paper has shown that different choices (eg, preprocessing choices, various statistical models, different features) lead to vastly different results that are bad and relatively good as well. Nevertheless, there were some promising results, particularly for SSQ, which warrant further research on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen Niemeijer
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merijn Mestdagh
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kiran HS, Gowthami T. Perceived sleep quality and quantity before acute myocardial infarction: A pilot study. JOURNAL OF THE PRACTICE OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jpcs.jpcs_43_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Robert M, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Shankland R, Druesne-Pecollo N, Esseddik Y, Szabo de Edelenyi F, Baudry J, Galan P, Hercberg S, Touvier M. Association between positive psychological traits and changes in dietary behaviour related to first COVID-19 lockdown: A general population-based study. Appetite 2021; 171:105885. [PMID: 34958832 PMCID: PMC8704735 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) led many countries to implement lockdown measures, which resulted in changes in dietary behaviours that could persist over the long term and have associated health consequences. Psychological traits may impact these changes given their known association with dietary behaviours. We aimed to investigate in a population-based study, whether positive psychological traits were associated with changes of snacking behaviour and food consumption observed during the first COVID-19 lockdown period. Design In 2016, levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness and mastery were assessed in 33,766 adults of the French NutriNet-Santé cohort. Snacking and food group consumption were assessed in April–May 2020. Association between psychological traits and changes (no change, increase, decrease) in snacking and food group consumption were assessed using logistic regressions. Multiple correspondence analysis followed by ascending hierarchical classification were used to derive clusters of dietary behaviours. Covariance analyses were used to compare mean scores of psychological traits between clusters. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, anxiety and depressive symptomatology. Results Participants with higher levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness or mastery were less likely to change their snacking behaviour and food group consumption of various food groups. Individuals with lower levels were more likely to make changes, with either unhealthy (e.g., less fruits and vegetables, more processed meat) or healthy (e.g., more pasta/rice (whole-grain)) changes. Overall, individuals showed higher levels of positive psychological traits in the “no change” cluster, followed by the “healthy” and the “unhealthy” cluster (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Individuals with higher levels of optimism, resilience, self-esteem, satisfaction with life, mindfulness or mastery were less impacted by the lockdown in terms of dietary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Robert
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- DIPHE Laboratory (Development, Individual, Personality, Handicap, Education), University Lumière Lyon 2, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Younes Esseddik
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Boehm JK. Positive psychological well‐being and cardiovascular disease: Exploring mechanistic and developmental pathways. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2021; 15:e12599. [PMID: 35860033 PMCID: PMC9285725 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Empirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about directionality. Issues related to development across the lifespan are considered and childhood is identified as a crucial period for establishing healthy cardiovascular trajectories. Outstanding questions for future research are provided with recommendations to focus on well‐powered and prospective study designs with rigorous assessment of both well‐being and cardiovascular‐related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Boehm
- Department of Psychology Chapman University Orange California USA
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Optimism and Cardiovascular Health: Longitudinal Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:774-781. [PMID: 32833896 PMCID: PMC9901360 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Favorable cardiovascular health is associated with greater longevity free of cardiovascular disease. Although the prevalence of cardiovascular health decreases with age, less is known about protective factors that promote and preserve it over time. We investigated whether optimism was associated with better cardiovascular health over a 10-year period. METHODS Participants included 3188 Black and White men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Self-reported optimism was assessed in 2000 (this study's baseline) with the revised Life Orientation Test. Favorable cardiovascular health was defined by healthy status on five components of cardiovascular functioning that were repeatedly assessed through 2010 either clinically or via self-report (blood pressure, lipids, body mass index, diabetes, and smoking status). Linear mixed-effects models examined whether optimism predicted cardiovascular health over time, adjusting for covariates such as sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, health status, and depression diagnosis. RESULTS In models adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, optimism was associated with better cardiovascular health across all time points (β = 0.08, 95% confidence interval = 0.04-0.11, p ≤ .001) but not with rate of change in cardiovascular health. Findings were similar when adjusting for additional covariates. Optimism did not interact significantly with race (p = .85) but did with sex, such that associations seemed stronger for women than for men (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Optimism may contribute to establishing future patterns of cardiovascular health in adulthood, but other factors may be more strongly related to how slowly or quickly cardiovascular health deteriorates over time.
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Weitzer J, Papantoniou K, Lázaro-Sebastià C, Seidel S, Klösch G, Schernhammer E. The contribution of dispositional optimism to understanding insomnia symptomatology: Findings from a cross-sectional population study in Austria. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13132. [PMID: 32638455 PMCID: PMC7900944 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes and expectations of people towards their lives are essential to future health outcomes. Growing evidence has linked dispositional optimism to beneficial health outcomes, such as exceptional longevity, healthy aging and better sleep quality. We describe the association between dispositional optimism and chronic insomnia, considering potential mediators, in the Austrian Sleep Survey (N = 1,004), a population‐based cross‐sectional study conducted in 2017. Optimism was measured using the validated Life Orientation Test‐Revised, and four different definitions were used to assess chronic insomnia. Three definitions were based on the criteria of chronic insomnia according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (3rd edn). Age‐ and multivariable‐adjusted logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Among Austrians who were more optimistic, chronic insomnia risk was lower compared with those less optimistic (middle versus bottom tertile of optimism score: OR = 0.39, 95% CI, 0.22–0.70; and top versus bottom tertile: OR = 0.28, 95% CI, 0.14–0.54; p‐trend < .001). Results were similar for all four definitions of insomnia, and differed slightly between men and women. Happiness, depression and health status confounded the association, whereas lifestyle did not. Promoting dispositional optimism could represent a simple and accessible strategy to improve sleep quality and lower insomnia risk, with downstream beneficial health effects. Further research is needed to clarify the prevention potential of interventions targeting this mental trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Weitzer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyriaki Papantoniou
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Seidel
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Klösch
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Institute for Sleep-Wake-Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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