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Ciani L, Libonati A, Dri M, Pomella S, Campanella V, Barillari G. About a Possible Impact of Endodontic Infections by Fusobacterium nucleatum or Porphyromonas gingivalis on Oral Carcinogenesis: A Literature Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5083. [PMID: 38791123 PMCID: PMC11121237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is linked to the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), an epidemiologically frequent and clinically aggressive malignancy. In this context, Fusobacterium (F.) nucleatum and Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis, two bacteria that cause periodontitis, are found in OSCC tissues as well as in oral premalignant lesions, where they exert pro-tumorigenic activities. Since the two bacteria are present also in endodontic diseases, playing a role in their pathogenesis, here we analyze the literature searching for information on the impact that endodontic infection by P. gingivalis or F. nucleatum could have on cellular and molecular events involved in oral carcinogenesis. Results from the reviewed papers indicate that infection by P. gingivalis and/or F. nucleatum triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in dental pulp cells or periodontal cells, affecting the survival, proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of OSCC cells. In addition, the two bacteria and the cytokines they induce halt the differentiation and stimulate the proliferation and invasion of stem cells populating the dental pulp or the periodontium. Although most of the literature confutes the possibility that bacteria-induced endodontic inflammatory diseases could impact on oral carcinogenesis, the papers we have analyzed and discussed herein recommend further investigations on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ciani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Libonati
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Catholic University of Our Lady of Good Counsel of Tirane, 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Maria Dri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Silvia Pomella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Campanella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
| | - Giovanni Barillari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (L.C.); (S.P.); (V.C.)
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Zhang X, Liang Y, Jiang J, Lu C, Shi F, Cao Q, Zhang Y, Diao H. A High-Salt Diet Exacerbates Liver Fibrosis through Enterococcus-Dependent Macrophage Activation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0340322. [PMID: 36786636 PMCID: PMC10100947 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03403-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People consume more salt than the recommended levels due to poor dietary practices. The effects of long-term consumption of high-salt diets (HSD) on liver fibrosis are unclear. This study aimed to explore the impact of HSD on liver fibrosis. In this study, a carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model was used to evaluate fibrotic changes in the livers of mice fed a normal diet (ND) and an HSD. The HSD exacerbated liver injury and fibrosis. Moreover, the protein expression levels of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in the HSD group than in the normal group. The proportion of macrophages and activation significantly increased in the livers of HSD-fed mice. Meanwhile, the number of macrophages significantly increased in the small intestinal lamina propria of HSD-fed mice. The levels of profibrotic factors also increased in the small intestine of HSD-fed mice. Additionally, HSD increased the profibrotic chemokines and monocyte chemoattractant levels in the portal vein blood. Further characterization suggested that the HSD decreased the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and CLDN1), enhancing the translocation of bacteria. Enterococcus promoted liver injury and inflammation. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Enterococcus induced macrophage activation through the NF-κB pathway, thus promoting the expression of fibrosis-related genes, leading to liver fibrogenesis. Similarly, Enterococcus disrupted the gut microbiome in vivo and significantly increased the fibrotic markers, TGF-β, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in the liver. IMPORTANCE This study further confirms that Enterococcus induce liver fibrosis in mice. These results indicate that an HSD can exacerbate liver fibrosis by altering the gut microbiota composition, thus impairing intestinal barrier function. Therefore, this may serve as a new target for liver fibrosis therapy and gut microbiota management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen F, Lai J, Zhu Y, He M, Hou H, Wang J, Chen C, Wang DW, Tang J. Cardioprotective Effect of Decorin in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:479258. [PMID: 33365011 PMCID: PMC7750479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.479258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of increased mortality in diabetes. In the present study, we investigated the effects of decorin (DCN) gene therapy on left ventricular function, cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by high fat diet (HFD, 60% of calories as fat) and STZ (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). Diabetic rats were divided into (n=6 for each group) the control group, the GFP-treated group and the DCN-treated group, received intravenous injection of saline solution, recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV)-GFP, and rAAV-DCN, respectively. We evaluated cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, left ventricular function at 6 months after gene delivery. Results turned out that rAAV-DCN treatment attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy with improved LV function compared with control animals, which might be related to the reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. These protective effects were associated with TGFβ1 pathway (ERK1/2 and smad-2) and NF-κB pathway, which may due to the decreased activation level of IGF-IR, increased expression of PKC-α and Hsp70. In conclusion, our results show that rAAV-mediated DCN therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengying He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Hou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiarong Tang, ; Dao Wen Wang,
| | - Jiarong Tang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiarong Tang, ; Dao Wen Wang,
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Pakchotanon R, Ye JY, Cook RJ, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Liver Abnormalities in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:847-853. [PMID: 31615918 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence, and to identify the factors associated with liver abnormalities in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS From a longitudinal cohort study, we identified PsA patients with either elevated serum transaminase or alkaline phosphatase levels or liver disease after the first visit to the PsA clinic (cases). Controls were subjects from the same cohort who never had such abnormalities or liver disease. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 by sex, age at the first clinic visit, and followup duration; variables at the onset of the first appearance of liver test abnormality associated with liver abnormalities were identified using univariate logistic and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Among 1061 patients followed in the PsA clinic, 343 had liver abnormalities. Two hundred fifty-six patients who developed liver abnormalities after the first visit were identified as cases, and 718 patients were identified as controls. The prevalence of liver abnormalities was 32% and the incidence was 39/1000 patient-years where there were 256 cases over 6533 total person-years in the PsA cohort. Liver abnormalities were detected after a mean (SD) followup duration of 8.3 ± 7.8 years. The common causes of liver abnormalities were drug-induced hepatitis and fatty liver. Independent factors associated with liver abnormalities were higher body mass index (BMI), daily alcohol intake, higher damaged joint count, elevated C-reactive protein, and use of methotrexate, leflunomide, or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. CONCLUSION Liver abnormalities are common among patients with PsA and are associated with higher BMI, more severe disease, and certain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattapol Pakchotanon
- From the Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,R. Pakchotanon, MD, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, and Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine; J.Y. Ye, Biostatistician, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital; R.J. Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo; V. Chandran, MBBS, MD, DM, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Co-Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network
| | - Justine Yang Ye
- From the Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,R. Pakchotanon, MD, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, and Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine; J.Y. Ye, Biostatistician, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital; R.J. Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo; V. Chandran, MBBS, MD, DM, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Co-Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network
| | - Richard J Cook
- From the Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,R. Pakchotanon, MD, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, and Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine; J.Y. Ye, Biostatistician, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital; R.J. Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo; V. Chandran, MBBS, MD, DM, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Co-Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network
| | - Vinod Chandran
- From the Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.,R. Pakchotanon, MD, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, and Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine; J.Y. Ye, Biostatistician, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital; R.J. Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo; V. Chandran, MBBS, MD, DM, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Co-Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- From the Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo; University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Toronto; Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand. .,R. Pakchotanon, MD, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, and Rheumatic Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutlao Hospital and College of Medicine; J.Y. Ye, Biostatistician, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital; R.J. Cook, PhD, Professor, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo; V. Chandran, MBBS, MD, DM, PhD, Assistant Professor, University of Toronto, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Toronto, Co-Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network; D.D. Gladman, MD, FRCPC, Director, Psoriatic Arthritis Program, Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Senior Scientist, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network.
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Maretti-Mira AC, Wang X, Wang L, DeLeve LD. Incomplete Differentiation of Engrafted Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Initiates Hepatic Fibrosis in the Rat. Hepatology 2019; 69:1259-1272. [PMID: 30141211 PMCID: PMC6387651 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Normal liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) promote quiescence of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Prior to fibrosis, LSECs undergo capillarization, which is permissive for HSC activation, the proximate event in hepatic fibrosis. The aims of this study were to elucidate the nature of and mechanisms leading to capillarization and to determine how LSECs promote HSC quiescence and why "capillarized LSECs" lose control of HSC activation. The contribution of bone marrow (BM) endothelial progenitor cells to capillarization was identified using rats transplanted with transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein-positive BM. Shotgun proteomics and informatics were used to identify the LSEC mediator that maintains HSC quiescence. The study shows that capillarization is due to repair of injured LSECs by BM endothelial progenitors that engraft but fail to fully mature. Lack of maturation of BM-derived LSECs is due to cell autonomous pathways that inhibit the nitric oxide pathway. We identify heparin binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) as the signal that maintains HSC quiescence and show that immature LSECs are unable to shed HB-EGF from the cytosolic membrane. Conclusion: Chronic liver injury can recruit BM progenitors of LSECs that engraft and fail to fully differentiate, which creates an environment that is permissive for hepatic fibrosis; elucidation of these early events in the fibrotic process will provide targets for treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Maretti-Mira
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Lei Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Laurie D DeLeve
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease and the Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA
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Fang L, Zhan S, Huang C, Cheng X, Lv X, Si H, Li J. TRPM7 channel regulates PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of hepatic stellate cells via PI3K and ERK pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:713-25. [PMID: 23958495 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
TRPM7, a non-selective cation channel of the TRP channel superfamily, is implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation. Recently, TRPM7 has been reported in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Here, we investigated the contribution role of TRPM7 in activated HSC-T6 cell (a rat hepatic stellate cell line) proliferation. TRPM7 mRNA and protein were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot in rat model of liver fibrosis in vivo and PDGF-BB-activated HSC-T6 cells in vitro. Both mRNA and protein of TRPM7 were dramatically increased in CCl4-treated rat livers. Stimulation of HSC-T6 cells with PDGF-BB resulted in a time-dependent increase of TRPM7 mRNA and protein. However, PDGF-BB-induced HSC-T6 cell proliferation was inhibited by non-specific TRPM7 blocker 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) or synthetic siRNA targeting TRPM7, and this was accompanied by downregulation of cell cycle proteins, cyclin D1, PCNA and CDK4. Blockade of TRPM7 channels also attenuated PDGF-BB induced expression of myofibroblast markers as measured by the induction of α-SMA and Col1α1. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT, associated with cell proliferation, decreased in TRPM7 deficient HSC-T6 cells. These observations suggested that TRPM7 channels contribute to perpetuated fibroblast activation and proliferation of PDGF-BB induced HSC-T6 cells via the activation of ERK and PI3K pathways. Therefore, TRPM7 may constitute a useful target for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province 230032, China.
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7
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The protective effect of resveratrol on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:601-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-0415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Jung KH, Shin HP, Lee S, Lim YJ, Hwang SH, Han H, Park HK, Chung JH, Yim SV. Effect of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells in a cirrhotic rat model. Liver Int 2009; 29:898-909. [PMID: 19422480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Cirrhosis is a long-term consequence of chronic hepatic injury and no effective therapy is currently available for this disease. Recent reports have shown that the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate into hepatocytes, and umbilical cord blood is a rich source of MSCs. Hence, we investigated the effect of infusing of human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (HMSCs) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis in a rat model. METHODS The effect of HMSCs on cirrhosis was evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. To evaluate cirrhosis-related factors, we measured protein and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), collagen type I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA). RESULTS Histological findings showed that liver fibrosis in rats was alleviated by HMSCs infusion. Interestingly, CM-DiI-labelled HMSCs expressed the hepatocyte-specific markers, human albumin and alpha-fetoprotein. Infusion of HMSCs significantly inhibited TGF-beta1, collagen type I and alpha-SMA expressions in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats. CONCLUSION Our results showed that HMSCs infusion could improve liver fibrosis in rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis, raising the possibility for clinical use of HMSCs in the treatment of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Jung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Nishikawa Y, Ohi N, Yagisawa A, Doi Y, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida M, Tokairin T, Yoshioka T, Omori Y, Enomoto K. Suppressive effect of orthovanadate on hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 174:881-90. [PMID: 19164509 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Orthovanadate (OV), an inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases, affects various biological processes in a cell-type-specific manner. In this study, we investigated the effect of OV on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). When primary rat HSCs were cultured in the presence of 10% serum, they spontaneously lost characteristic stellate morphology, proliferated, and were transformed into an activated state with the formation of abundant stress fibers and increased expression of both alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I mRNA. OV treatment inhibited proliferation and activation of HSCs and partially reversed the phenotype of activated HSCs. Among the signaling molecules investigated, phosphorylation of the Src protein at tyrosine 416 was the most striking in OV-treated HSCs. Treatment of cells with Src family inhibitors partially abrogated the effects of OV. Furthermore, transfection of v-Src into activated HSCs induced a stellate morphology similar to that in the quiescent state. We then examined whether OV could effectively suppress HSC activation in vivo after liver injury induced by either carbon tetrachloride or dimethylnitrosamine. OV significantly reduced the appearance of alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells and decreased collagen deposition, concomitant with an improvement in liver function. Our study showed for the first time that OV was able to suppress the activation of HSCs, possibly through the modulation of Src activity, and attenuated fibrosis after chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
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Li CH, Pan LH, Yang ZW, Li CY, Xu WX. Preventive effect of Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction on rat liver fibrosis. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3569-73. [PMID: 18567088 PMCID: PMC2716622 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the preventive effects of Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in rats.
METHODS: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into hepatic fibrosis model group, control group and 3 treatment groups (12 rats in each group). Except for the normal control group, all the rats received 1% DMN (10 &mgr;L/kg body weight, i.p), 3 times a week for 4 wk. The rats in the 3 treatment groups including a high-dose DMN group (10 mL/kg), a medium-dose DMN group (7 mL/kg), and a low-dose DMN group (4 mL/kg) were daily gavaged with Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction, and the rats in the model and normal control groups were given saline vehicle. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the changes in serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type IV collagen levels. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured using routine laboratory methods. Pathologic changes, particularly fibrosis, were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Sirius red staining. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) were examined by transmission electron microscopy.
RESULTS: Compared with the model control group, the serum levels of HA, LN, type IV collagen, ALT and AST were decreased markedly in the other groups after treatment with Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction, especially in the medium-dose DMN group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis was lower in the Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction treatment groups than in the model group, and a more significant drop was observed in the medium-dose DMN group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Qianggan-Rongxian Decoction can inhibit hepatic fibrosis due to chronic liver injury, delay the development of cirrhosis, and notably ameliorate liver function. It may be used as a safe and effective thera-peutic drug for patients with fibrosis.
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Fang HL, Wu JB, Lin WL, Ho HY, Lin WC. Further studies on the hepatoprotective effects ofAnoectochilus formosanus. Phytother Res 2008; 22:291-6. [PMID: 17886219 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Anoectochilus formosanus effective fraction (AFEF) on chronic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. CCl4 (5%; 0.1 mL/10 g body weight) was given twice a week for 9 weeks, and mice received AFEF throughout the whole experimental period. Plasma GPT, hepatic levels of hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde were significantly lower in mice treated with AFEF compared with those treated with CCl4 only. Liver pathology in the AFEF-treated mice was also improved. RT-PCR analysis showed that AFEF treatment increased the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 1A and decreased the expression of collagen(alpha1)(I) and transforming growth factor-beta1. These results clearly demonstrated that AFEF reduced the hepatic damage induced by CCl4 in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsun-Lang Fang
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh Shih Road Taichung, Taiwan
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Myung SJ, Yoon JH, Gwak GY, Kim W, Yang JI, Lee SH, Jang JJ, Lee HS. Bile acid-mediated thrombospondin-1 induction in hepatocytes leads to transforming growth factor-beta-dependent hepatic stellate cell activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 353:1091-6. [PMID: 17204245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In cholestasis, bile acids induce hepatocyte apoptosis, while activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) results in fibrosis. Since transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a critical mediator in this process, we hypothesized that bile acids may participate in TGF-beta-mediated HSC activation in cholestasis. Bile acid treatment increased TGF-beta transcription in hepatocytes, while the total TGF-beta concentration in culture media rapidly decreased following bile acid treatment. Bile acid treatment promptly induced thrombospondin-1 expression in hepatocytes, which is a potent activator of latent TGF-beta, whereas this induction was not observed in bile acid-treated HSCs. HSCs co-cultured with hepatocytes showed a significantly higher level of Smad2 phosphorylation and collagen alpha1 synthesis following bile acid treatment than cells cultured without hepatocytes. Moreover, this enhanced collagen synthesis was significantly inhibited in the presence of TGF-beta receptor inhibitor. These observations imply that bile acids induce thrombospondin-1 expression in hepatocytes, which activates latent TGF-beta leading to HSC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Myung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
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Xu D, Wu Y, Liao ZX, Wang H. Protective effect of verapamil on multiple hepatotoxic factors-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Pharmacol Res 2006; 55:280-6. [PMID: 17223571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 12/02/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present work was to investigate the effect of verapamil on liver fibrosis induced by multiple hepatotoxic factors in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into a normal control group, a liver fibrosis model control group, and verapamil groups with different dosages. Multiple hepatotoxic factors including carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), ethanol and high cholesterol were used to make the animal model of liver fibrosis. The parameters of serum l-alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline contents were measured. Samples of the liver obtained by biopsy were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical studies for the expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)). Results showed that verapamil induced a dose-dependent decrease of serum ALT, liver malondialdehyde and hydroxyproline compared with liver fibrosis model control. Verapamil reduced hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, and delayed the formation of liver fibrosis. The levels of expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta(1) in the hepatic tissue of three of the verapamil-treated groups were significantly less than those of the liver fibrosis model control group. The results showed that verapamil acts against the formation of liver fibrosis, the mechanism might be due to a protective effect for hepatocytes and through decreasing TGF-beta(1) to block the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and collagen gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
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Lin WC, Kuo SC, Lin WL, Fang HL, Wang BC. Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:2369-74. [PMID: 16688827 PMCID: PMC4088072 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i15.2369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata (FMAC) on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats.
METHODS: Forty Wistar rats were divided randomly into control group and model group. All model rats were given 200 mL/L CCl4 (2 mL/Kg, po) twice a week for 8 wk. Four weeks after CCl4 treatment, thirty model rats were further divided randomly into 3 subgroups: CCl4 and two FMAC subgroups. Rats in CCl4 and 2 FMAC subgroups were treated with FMAC 0, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, daily via gastrogavage beginning at the fifth week and the end of the eighth week. Spleen weight, blood synthetic markers (albumin and prothrombin time) and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HP) concentrations were determined. Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Histochemical staining of Masson’s trichrome was performed.
RESULTS: CCl4 caused liver fibrosis, featuring increased prothrombin time, hepatic MDA and HP contents, and spleen weight and decreased plasma albumin level. Compared with CCl4 subgroup, FMAC subgroup (1 g/kg) significantly decreased the prothrombin time (36.7 ± 7.2 and 25.1 ± 10.2 in CCl4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.05) and increased plasma albumin concentration (22.7 ± 1.0 and 30.7 ± 2.5 in CCl4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.05). Spleen weight was significantly lower in rats treated with CCl4 and FMAC (1 g/kg) compared to CCl4 treated rats only (2.7 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.2 in CCl4 and FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.05). The amounts of hepatic MDA and HP in CCl4 ± FAMC (1 g/kg) subgroup were also lower than those in CCl4 subgroup (MDA: 3.9 ± 0.1 and 2.4 ± 0.6 in CCl4 and CCl4 + FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.01; HP: 1730.7 ± 258.0 and 1311.5 ± 238.8 in CCl4 and CCl4 + FMAC groups, respectively, P <0.01). Histologic examinations showed that CCl4 + FMAC subgroups had thinner or less fibrotic septa than CCl4 group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that FMAC (1 g/kg) reduced mRNA levels of collagen I, TIMP-1 and TGF-β1 (collagen I: 5.63 ± 2.08 and 1.78 ± 0.48 in CCl4 and CCl4 + FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.01; TIMP-1: 1.70 ± 0.82 and 0.34 ± 0.02 in CCl4 and CCl4 + FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.01; TGF-β1:38.03 ± 11.9 and 4.26 ± 2.17 in CCl4 and CCl4 + FMAC groups, respectively, P < 0.01) in the CCl4-treated liver.
CONCLUSION: It demonstrates that FMAC can retard the progression of liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chuan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, China.
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Li CH, Piao DM, Xu WX, Yin ZR, Jin JS, Shen ZS. Morphological and serum hyaluronic acid, laminin and type IV collagen changes in dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis of rats. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 11:7620-4. [PMID: 16437688 PMCID: PMC4727238 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i48.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the morphological and serum hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and type IV collagen changes in hepatic fibrosis of rats induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). METHODS The rat model of liver fibrosis was induced by DMN. Serum HA, type IV collagen, and LN were measured by ELISA. The liver/weight index and morphological changes were examined under electron microscope on d 7, 14, 21, and 28 by immunohistochemical alpha smooth muscle actin alpha-SMA staining as well as Sirius-red and HE staining. RESULTS The levels of serum HA, type IV collagen and LN significantly increased from d 7 to d 28 (P = 0.043). The liver/weight index increased on d 7 and decreased on d 28. In the model group, the rat liver stained with HE and Sirius-red showed evident hemorrhage and necrosis in the central vein of hepatic 10 lobules on d 7. Thin fibrotic septa were formed joining central areas of the liver on d 14. The number of alpha-SMA positive cells was markedly increased in the model group. Transitional hepatic stellate cells were observed under electron microscope. All rats in the model group showed micronodular fibrosis in the hepatic parenchyma and a network of alpha-SMA positive cells. Typical myofibroblasts were embedded in the core of a fibrous septum. Compared to the control group, the area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis and pathologic grading were significantly different in the model group (P<0.05) on different d (7, 14, and 28). The area-density percentage of collagen fibrosis in hepatic tissue had a positive correlation with the levels of serum HA, LN, and type IV collagen. CONCLUSION The morphological and serum HA, type IV collagen, and LN are changed in DMN-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji 133000, Jilin Province, China
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