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Tshilongo L, Mianda SM, Seke F, Laurie SM, Sivakumar D. Influence of Harvesting Stages on Phytonutrients and Antioxidant Properties of Leaves of Five Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato ( Ipomoea batatas) Genotypes. Foods 2024; 13:1640. [PMID: 38890868 PMCID: PMC11172356 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are highly profitable, contribute to food security, and their leaves rich in phytonutrients. This study examined the optimal leaf harvesting stage by harvesting newly formed leaves (leaves 1 to 5) to achieve the highest concentration of carotenoids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties and mineral content. Leaves of five purple-fleshed sweet potato genotypes '2019-11-2' and '2019-1-1', 'Purple-purple', and from the USA '08-21P' and '16-283P' were harvested based on tuber life cycle [vegetative 8 weeks after planting (VS-8WAP), tuber initiation (TIS-12WAP), and tuber maturation phases (TMS-16WAP)]. At the 8WAP stage, leaves of genotype '2019-11-2' had the highest concentrations of cyanidin-caffeoyl-sophoroside-glucoside (17.64 mg/kg), cyanidin-caffeoyl-feruloyl-sophoroside-glucoside (41.51 mg/kg), peonidin-caffeoyl-hydroxybenzoyl-sophoriside-glucoside (45.25 mg/kg), and peonidin caffeoyl-feruloyl-sophoriside-glucoside (24.47 mg/kg), as well as antioxidant scavenging activity. In contrast, 'Purple-purple' harvested at TIS-12WAP showed the highest concentration of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Zeaxanthin, lutein, all trans-β-carotene, and cis-β-carotene are the most abundant carotenoids in genotype '08-21P' at VS-8WAP. As a result, local genotypes '2019-11-2' harvested at 8WAP and 'Purple-purple' harvested at 12WAP are potential sources of anthocyanins and caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Conversely, USA's genotype '08-21P' at the VS-8WAP stage is an excellent source of carotenoids. The leaves of USA's '08-21P' genotype and the local '2019-11-2' genotype at TMS-16WAP exhibited the highest content of Fe and Mn, respectively. The study identified the optimal leaf stage for consumption of leaves and for use as a functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavhelani Tshilongo
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa; (L.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Sephora Mutombo Mianda
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa; (L.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Faith Seke
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa; (L.T.); (D.S.)
| | - Sunette M. Laurie
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Dharini Sivakumar
- Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South Africa; (L.T.); (D.S.)
- Agricultural Research Council—Vegetable, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
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Liu T, Xie Q, Zhang M, Gu J, Huang D, Cao Q. Reclaiming Agriceuticals from Sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) By-Products. Foods 2024; 13:1180. [PMID: 38672853 PMCID: PMC11049097 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweetpotato (SP, Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.) is a globally significant food crop known for its high nutritional and functional values. Although the contents and compositions of bioactive constituents vary among SP varieties, sweetpotato by-products (SPBs), including aerial parts, storage root peels, and wastes generated from starch processing, are considered as excellent sources of polyphenols (e.g., chlorogenic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, and dicaffeoylquinic acid), lutein, functional carbohydrates (e.g., pectin, polysaccharides, and resin glycosides) or proteins (e.g., polyphenol oxidase, β-amylase, and sporamins). This review summarises the health benefits of these ingredients specifically derived from SPBs in vitro and/or in vivo, such as anti-obesity, anti-cancer, antioxidant, cardioprotective, and anti-diabetic, evidencing their potential to regenerate value-added bio-products in the fields of food and nutraceutical. Accordingly, conventional and novel technologies have been developed and sometimes combined for the pretreatment and extraction processes aimed at optimising the recovery efficiency of bioactive ingredients from SPBs while ensuring sustainability. However, so far, advanced extraction technologies have not been extensively applied for recovering bioactive compounds from SPBs except for SP leaves. Furthermore, the incorporation of reclaimed bioactive ingredients from SPBs into foods or other healthcare products remains limited. This review also briefly discusses current challenges faced by the SPB recycling industry while suggesting that more efforts should be made to facilitate the transition from scientific advances to commercialisation for reutilising and valorising SPBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Liu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (J.G.); (D.H.)
| | - Qingtong Xie
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore;
| | - Min Zhang
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (J.G.); (D.H.)
| | - Jia Gu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (J.G.); (D.H.)
| | - Dejian Huang
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (J.G.); (D.H.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117542, Singapore;
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Xuhuai District, Xuzhou 221131, China;
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding of Sweetpotato, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xuzhou 221131, China
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Laveriano-Santos EP, López-Yerena A, Jaime-Rodríguez C, González-Coria J, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Romanyà J, Pérez M. Sweet Potato Is Not Simply an Abundant Food Crop: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Constituents, Biological Activities, and the Effects of Processing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091648. [PMID: 36139723 PMCID: PMC9495970 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L.; Lam.) is considered a very interesting nutritive food because it is rich in complex carbohydrates, but as a tubercle, contains high amounts of health-promoting secondary metabolites. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recently published information on this root vegetable, focusing on its bioactive phytochemical constituents, potential effects on health, and the impact of processing technologies. Sweet potato is considered an excellent source of dietary carotenoids, and polysaccharides, whose health benefits include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activity, cardiovascular protection, anticancer properties and improvement in neurological and memory capacity, metabolic disorders, and intestinal barrier function. Moreover, the purple sweet potato, due to its high anthocyanin content, represents a unique food option for consumers, as well as a potential source of functional ingredients for healthy food products. In this context, the effects of commercial processing and domestic cooking techniques on sweet potato bioactive compounds require further study to understand how to minimize their loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P. Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Jaime-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johana González-Coria
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Romanyà
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biology, Health, and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.R.); (M.P.)
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Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidants, and Health Benefits of Sweet Potato Leaves. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071820. [PMID: 33804903 PMCID: PMC8038024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is one of the most important food crops worldwide and its leaves provide a dietary source of nutrients and various bioactive compounds. These constituents of sweet potato leaves (SPL) vary among varieties and play important roles in treating and preventing various diseases. Recently, more attentions in health-promoting benefits have led to several in vitro and in vivo investigations, as well as the identification and quantification of bioactive compounds in SPL. Among them, many new compounds have been reported as the first identified compounds from SPL with their dominant bioactivities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the bioactive compositions of SPL and their health benefits. Since SPL serve as a potential source of micronutrients and functional compounds, they can be further developed as a sustainable crop for food and medicinal industries.
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Kurata R, Kobayashi T, Kai Y. Varietal differences in the yield and polyphenol content of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas L.) foliage. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kurata
- NARO, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center
| | | | - Yumi Kai
- NARO, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center
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Krochmal-Marczak B, Cebulak T, Kapusta I, Oszmiański J, Kaszuba J, Żurek N. The Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonols in the Leaves of Nine Varieties of Sweet Potatoes ( Ipomoea batatas L.) Depending on Their Development, Grown in Central Europe. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153473. [PMID: 32751600 PMCID: PMC7436171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids-neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)-and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g-1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g-1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g-1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krochmal-Marczak
- Department of Plant Production and Food Safety, Carpathian State College in Krosno, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +4813-437-5580
| | - Tomasz Cebulak
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Ireneusz Kapusta
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Jan Oszmiański
- Department of Fruit, Vegetable and Plant Nutraceutical Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Science, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kaszuba
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
| | - Natalia Żurek
- Department of Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland; (T.C.); (I.K.); (J.K.); (N.Ż.)
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Groenbaek M, Tybirk E, Neugart S, Sundekilde UK, Schreiner M, Kristensen HL. Flavonoid Glycosides and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Baby Leaf Rapeseed From White and Yellow Flowering Cultivars With Repeated Harvest in a 2-Years Field Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:355. [PMID: 31001295 PMCID: PMC6454053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, new annual and biennial cultivars of rapeseed with white flowers have been introduced to the baby leaf market. The white flower trait has been bred into modern cultivars of yellow flowering rapeseed. In baby leaf production, it is common practice to perform several cuts of the same plants, thereby harvesting regrown material. Seven white and yellow flowering annual and biennial rapeseed cultivars were harvested as baby leaves, baby leaf re-growths, and intact plants in order to investigate the content of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. The field experiment was conducted over two consecutive years to obtain seasonal differences. The yields and levels of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids were higher in 2016 than 2017, due to higher temperatures and radiation. Within the growing stage, the effects of flower color, cultivar, and life cycle on flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids varied; however, in general, life cycle was the main influence that resulted in elevated levels of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids in biennial cultivars, compared to annual cultivars. The effects of the growing stage differed between years, and were influenced by climatic conditions. In conclusion, the choice of life cycle (annual or biennial cultivars) and seasonal effects was of major influence, overruling the effect of developmental stage on the content of flavonoid glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Groenbaek
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Susanne Neugart
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e. V., Grossbeeren, Germany
| | | | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops e. V., Grossbeeren, Germany
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Adisakwattana S. Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives: Mechanisms for Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Its Complications. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020163. [PMID: 28230764 PMCID: PMC5331594 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent insight into the development of dietary supplements and functional foods, search of effective phytochemical compounds and their mechanisms involved in prevention and management of diabetes and its complications are now being assessed. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives occur naturally in high levels of plant-based foods. Among various biological activities, cinnamic acid and its derivatives are associated with a beneficial influence on diabetes and its complications. The aim of the review is to summarize the potential mechanisms of these compounds for prevention and management of diabetes and its complications. Based on several in vitro studies and animal models, cinnamic acid and its derivatives act on different mechanism of actions, including stimulation of insulin secretion, improvement of pancreatic β-cell functionality, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhanced glucose uptake, increased insulin signaling pathway, delay of carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption, and inhibition of protein glycation and insulin fibrillation. However, due to the limited intestinal absorption being a result of low bioavailability of cinnamic acid and its derivatives, current improvement efforts with entrapping into solid and liquid particles are highlighted. Further human clinical studies are needed to clarify the effects of cinnamic acid and its derivatives in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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