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Pesti I, Barczánfalvi G, Dulka K, Kata D, Farkas E, Gulya K. Bafilomycin 1A Affects p62/SQSTM1 Autophagy Marker Protein Level and Autophagosome Puncta Formation Oppositely under Various Inflammatory Conditions in Cultured Rat Microglial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8265. [PMID: 39125836 PMCID: PMC11311604 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulation of autophagy through the 62 kDa ubiquitin-binding protein/autophagosome cargo protein sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1), whose level is generally inversely proportional to autophagy, is crucial in microglial functions. Since autophagy is involved in inflammatory mechanisms, we investigated the actions of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-inflammatory rosuvastatin (RST) in secondary microglial cultures with or without bafilomycin A1 (BAF) pretreatment, an antibiotic that potently inhibits autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. The levels of the microglia marker protein Iba1 and the autophagosome marker protein p62/SQSTM1 were quantified by Western blots, while the number of p62/SQSTM1 immunoreactive puncta was quantitatively analyzed using fluorescent immunocytochemistry. BAF pretreatment hampered microglial survival and decreased Iba1 protein level under all culturing conditions. Cytoplasmic p62/SQSTM1 level was increased in cultures treated with LPS+RST but reversed markedly when BAF+LPS+RST were applied together. Furthermore, the number of p62/SQSTM1 immunoreactive autophagosome puncta was significantly reduced when RST was used but increased significantly in BAF+RST-treated cultures, indicating a modulation of autophagic flux through reduction in p62/SQSTM1 degradation. These findings collectively indicate that the cytoplasmic level of p62/SQSTM1 protein and autophagocytotic flux are differentially regulated, regardless of pro- or anti-inflammatory state, and provide context for understanding the role of autophagy in microglial function in various inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Pesti
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (I.P.); (G.B.); (K.D.); (E.F.)
- HCEMM-USZ Group of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Barczánfalvi
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (I.P.); (G.B.); (K.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Karolina Dulka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (I.P.); (G.B.); (K.D.); (E.F.)
| | - Diana Kata
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (I.P.); (G.B.); (K.D.); (E.F.)
- HCEMM-USZ Group of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karoly Gulya
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (I.P.); (G.B.); (K.D.); (E.F.)
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Guo C, Yue Y, Wang B, Chen S, Li D, Zhen F, Liu L, Zhu H, Xie M. Anemoside B4 alleviates arthritis pain via suppressing ferroptosis-mediated inflammation. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18136. [PMID: 38334255 PMCID: PMC10853948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is the key manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroinflammation in the spinal cord drives central sensitization and chronic pain. Ferroptosis has potentially important roles in the occurrence of neuroinflammation and chronic pain. In the current study, mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis was established by intradermal injection of type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) solution. CFA inducement resulted in swollen paw and ankle, mechanical and spontaneous pain, and impaired motor coordination. The spinal inflammation was triggered, astrocytes were activated, and increased NLRP3-mediated inflammatory signal was found in CFA spinal cord. Oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the spinal cord were manifested. Meanwhile, enhancive spinal GSK-3β activity and abnormal phosphorylated Drp1 were observed. To investigate the potential therapeutic options for arthritic pain, mice were intraperitoneally injected with AB4 for three consecutive days. AB4 treatment reduced pain sensitivity and increased the motor coordination. In the spinal cord, AB4 treatment inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response, increased antioxidation, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. Furthermore, AB4 decreased GSK-3β activity by binding with GSK-3β through five electrovalent bonds. Our findings indicated that AB treatment relieves arthritis pain by inhibiting GSK-3β activation, increasing antioxidant capability, reducing Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and suppressing neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Guo
- School of PharmacyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Yuanfen Yue
- Department of ObstetricsXianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Bojun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Shaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Dai Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Fangshou Zhen
- Department of PharmacyMatang Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineXianningChina
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Haili Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
| | - Min Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical CollegeHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianningChina
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3
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Huan Y, Hao G, Shi Z, Liang Y, Dong Y, Quan H. The role of dynamin-related protein 1 in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115247. [PMID: 37516018 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in terms of mitochondrial dynamics, has been reported to be closely associated with neuronal outcomes and neurological impairment in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is a cytoplasmic GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission and participates in neuronal cell death, calcium signaling, and oxidative stress. The neuroprotective role of Drp1 inhibition has been confirmed in several central nervous system disease models, demonstrating that targeting Drp1 may shed light on novel approaches for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury. In this review, we aimed to highlight the roles of Drp1 in programmed cell death, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and mitochondrial function to provide a better understanding of mitochondrial disturbances in cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury, and we also summarize the advances in novel chemical compounds targeting Drp1 to provide new insights into potential therapies for cerebral ischemia/hypoxia injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangzhi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zuolin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yushu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Huilin Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Fang L, Chen WC, Jaksch P, Molino A, Saglia A, Roth M, Lambers C. Treprostinil Reconstitutes Mitochondrial Organisation and Structure in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12148. [PMID: 37569523 PMCID: PMC10418929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) presents as an incurable change in the lung tissue and mitochondrial dysfunction of unknown origin. Treprostinil, a prostacyclin analogue, has been suggested for IPF therapy. This study assessed the effect of treprostinil on the cAMP signalling and mitochondrial activity in healthy lung fibroblasts and fibroblast-like cells from IPF patients. Six control fibroblast strains and six fibroblast-like IPF cell strains were isolated and expanded from freshly resected lung tissue. The cells were grown to confluence before being treated with either transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, treprostinil, their combination, or a vehicle for up to 2 days. Mitochondria-regulating proteins were analysed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence, and the mitochondria were analysed using cytochrome C, mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase II (MTCO2), and MTCO4. The IPF cells showed an increased rate of damaged mitochondria, which were significantly reduced when the cells were treated with treprostinil over 24 h. In the control cells, treprostinil prevented TGF-β-induced mitochondrial damage. Treatment with treprostinil modified the expression of several mitochondria-regulating proteins. In both cell types, treprostinil upregulated the expression of PTEN, p21(Waf1/Cip1), beclin1, LC3 II, parkin, PINK1, MTCO2, and MTCO4. In contrast, treprostinil downregulated the phosphorylation of mTOR and the expression of p62, mitofusin1, and mtiofusin2 in IPF cells. This might explain the reduced mitochondrial damage observed in treprostinil-treated IPF cells and suggest an improvement in the mitochondrial function in IPF. In this study, treprostinil improved mitochondrial impairment in vitro, which might, in part, explain the beneficial clinical effects documented in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fang
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11266, Taiwan
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 10-14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Antonio Molino
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University of Naples, Federico II, via S. Pansini 10, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Saglia
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, AO dei Colli, via L. Bianchi snc, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research, Department Biomedicine & Clinic of Pneumology, University & University Hospital Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland; (L.F.); (M.R.)
| | - Christopher Lambers
- Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 10-14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Pneumology, Ordensklinikum Linz/Elisabethinen, Fadingerstr. 1, 4020 Linz, Austria
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Liu Z, Liu J, Wang W, An X, Luo L, Yu D, Sun W. Epigenetic modification in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1133970. [PMID: 37455912 PMCID: PMC10348754 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1133970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microangiopathy in diabetic patients and the main cause of death in diabetic patients. The main manifestations of DKD are proteinuria and decreased renal filtration capacity. The glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin level are two of the most important hallmarks of the progression of DKD. The classical treatment of DKD is controlling blood glucose and blood pressure. However, the commonly used clinical therapeutic strategies and the existing biomarkers only partially slow the progression of DKD and roughly predict disease progression. Therefore, novel therapeutic methods, targets and biomarkers are urgently needed to meet clinical requirements. In recent years, increasing attention has been given to the role of epigenetic modification in the pathogenesis of DKD. Epigenetic variation mainly includes DNA methylation, histone modification and changes in the noncoding RNA expression profile, which are deeply involved in DKD-related inflammation, oxidative stress, hemodynamics, and the activation of abnormal signaling pathways. Since DKD is reversible at certain disease stages, it is valuable to identify abnormal epigenetic modifications as early diagnosis and treatment targets to prevent the progression of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Because the current understanding of the epigenetic mechanism of DKD is not comprehensive, the purpose of this review is to summarize the role of epigenetic modification in the occurrence and development of DKD and evaluate the value of epigenetic therapies in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanning Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingna An
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Luo
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dehai Yu
- Public Research Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Weixia Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang Q, Chen T, Shuqing Z, Yu L, Chen S, Lu H, Zhu H, Min X, Li X, Liu L. Xanthohumol relieves arthritis pain in mice by suppressing mitochondrial-mediated inflammation. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231204051. [PMID: 37699859 PMCID: PMC10536840 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231204051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is the most common symptom for people who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and it affects approximately 1% of the global population. Neuroinflammation in the spinal cord induces chronic arthritis pain. In this study, a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice model was established through intradermally injection of type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant solution. Following CIA inducement, the paws and ankles of mice were found to swell, mechanical pain and spontaneous pain were induced, and their motor coordination was impaired. The spinal inflammatory reaction was triggered, which presented as severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, and the expression levels of GFAP, IL-1β, NLRP3, and cleaved caspase-1 increased. Oxidative stress in the spinal cord of CIA mice was manifested as reduced Nrf2 and NDUFB11 expression and SOD activity, and increased levels of DHODH and Cyto-C. At the same time, spinal AMPK activity was decreased. In order to explore the potential therapeutic options for arthritic pain, Xanthohumol (Xn) was intraperitoneally injected into mice for three consecutive days. Xn treatment was found to reduce the number of spontaneous flinches, in addition to elevating mechanical pain thresholds and increasing latency time. At the same time, Xn treatment in the spinal cord reduced NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation, increased the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, and decreased mitochondrial ROS level. In addition, Xn was found to bind with AMPK via two electrovalent bonds and increased AMPK phosphorylation at Thr174. In summary, the findings indicate that Xn treatment activates AMPK, increases Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, reduces Drp1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, suppresses neuroinflammation, and can serve to relieve arthritis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zhen Shuqing
- Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, China
| | - Liangzhu Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Shaohui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Haili Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xie Min
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Afridi R, Rahman MH, Suk K. Implications of glial metabolic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 174:105874. [PMID: 36154877 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are the most abundant cells of the brain, outnumbering neurons. These multifunctional cells are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis by providing trophic and nutritional support to neurons, sculpting synapses, and providing an immune defense. Glia are highly plastic and undergo both structural and functional alterations in response to changes in the brain microenvironment. Glial phenotypes are intimately regulated by underlying metabolic machinery, which dictates the effector functions of these cells. Altered brain energy metabolism and chronic neuroinflammation are common features of several neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and astrocytes are the major glial cells fueling the ongoing neuroinflammatory process, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Distinct metabolic perturbations in microglia and astrocytes, including altered carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases. These disturbances aggravate the neurodegenerative process by potentiating the inflammatory activation of glial cells. This review covers the recent advances in the molecular aspects of glial metabolic changes in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss studies exploiting glial metabolism as a potential therapeutic avenue in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea; Brain Science and Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Zhu Y, Yu J, Gong J, Shen J, Ye D, Cheng D, Xie Z, Zeng J, Xu K, Shen J, Zhou H, Weng Y, Pan J, Zhan R. PTP1B inhibitor alleviates deleterious microglial activation and neuronal injury after ischemic stroke by modulating the ER stress-autophagy axis via PERK signaling in microglia. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3405-3427. [PMID: 33495405 PMCID: PMC7906217 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (IR) after ischemic stroke causes deleterious microglial activation. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) exacerbates neuroinflammation, yet the effect of the inhibition on microglial activation and cerebral IR injury is unknown. A cerebral IR rat model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. The PTP1B inhibitor, sc-222227, was administered intracerebroventricularly. Neurologic deficits, infarct volume, and brain water content were examined. An in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model was established in primary microglia and BV-2 cells. Microglial activation/polarization, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, autophagy, and apoptosis were detected using western blot, immunohistology, ELISA, and real-time PCR. Protein interaction was assessed by a proximity ligation assay. The results showed a significant increase in microglial PTP1B expression after IR injury. Sc-222227 attenuated IR-induced microglial activation, ER stress, and autophagy and promoted M2 polarization. Upon OGD/R, sc-222227 mitigated microglial activation by inhibiting ER stress-dependent autophagy, the effect of which was abolished by PERK activation, and PERK inhibition attenuated microglial activation. The PTP1B-phosphorylated PERK protein interaction was significantly increased after OGD/R, but decreased upon sc-222227 treatment. Finally, sc-222227 mitigated neuronal damage and neurologic deficits after IR injury. Treatment targeting microglial PTP1B might be a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiangbiao Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dexin Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhikai Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kangli Xu
- Emergency Department Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianwei Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renya Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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Chen Y, Gong K, Xu Q, Meng J, Long T, Chang C, Wang Z, Liu W. Phosphoglycerate Mutase 5 Knockdown Alleviates Neuronal Injury After Traumatic Brain Injury Through Drp1-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:154-170. [PMID: 32253918 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death, and a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction will provide important targets for preventing damage from neuronal insults. Phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is localized to the mitochondrial outer-inner membrane contact sites, and the PGAM5-Drp1 pathway is involved in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effects of PGAM5 on neuronal injury and mitochondrial dysfunction. Results: PGAM5 was overexpressed in mice subjected to TBI and in primary cortical neurons injured by mechanical equiaxial stretching. PGAM5 deficiency alleviated neuroinflammation, blocked Parkin, PINK1, and Drp1 translocation to mitochondria and abnormal phosphorylation of Drp1, mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, and nerve malfunction in TBI mouse model. PGAM5-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) reduced Drp1 translocation and activation, including dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 (human Drp1 Ser616) and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643 (human Drp1 Ser637). The levels of inflammatory cytokines, the degree of mitochondrial impairment (mitochondrial membrane potential, ADP/ATP, AMP/ADP, antioxidant capacity), and neuronal injury in stretch-induced primary cortical neurons were reduced by blocking expression of PGAM5. The inhibition of PGAM5 is neuroprotective via attenuation of Drp1 activation, similar to that achieved by mitochondrial division inhibitor-1 (Mdivi1)-mediated Drp1 inhibition. Innovation and Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the critical role of PGAM5 in progression of neuronal injury from TBI via Drp1 activation (dephosphorylation of p-Drp1 on Ser622 and phosphorylation of Drp1 on Ser643)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. The data may open a window for developing new drugs to prevent the neuropathology of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Quanhua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Jiao Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianlin Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
| | - Cuicui Chang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xi'an Peihua University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhanxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xia'men University, Xia'men, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bijie First People's Hospital, Bijie, China
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Pyrogenic and Precipitated Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles Differentially Affect Cell Responses to LPS in Human Macrophages. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071395. [PMID: 32708373 PMCID: PMC7407657 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that precipitated (NM-200) and pyrogenic (NM-203) Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles (ASNPs) elicit the inflammatory activation of murine macrophages, with more pronounced effects observed with NM-203. Here, we compare the effects of low doses of NM-200 and NM-203 on human macrophage-like THP-1 cells, assessing how the pre-exposure to these nanomaterials affects the cell response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cell viability was affected by NM-203, but not by NM-200, and only in the presence of LPS. While NM-203 stimulated mTORC1, neither ASNPs activated NFκB or the transcription of its target genes PTGS2 and IL1B. NM-200 and NM-203 caused a block of the autophagic flux and inhibited the LPS-dependent increase of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) expression. Both ASNPs suppressed the activation of caspase-1, delaying the LPS-dependent secretion of IL-1β. Thus, ASNPs modulate several important pathways in human macrophages, altering their response to LPS. NM-203 had larger effects on autophagy, mTORC1 activity and GS expression than NM-200, confirming the higher biological activity of pyrogenic ASNPs when compared with precipitated ASNPs.
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Luo TT, Dai CQ, Wang JQ, Wang ZM, Yang Y, Zhang KL, Wu FF, Yang YL, Wang YY. Drp1 is widely, yet heterogeneously, distributed in the mouse central nervous system. Mol Brain 2020; 13:90. [PMID: 32522292 PMCID: PMC7288424 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Drp1 is widely expressed in the mouse central nervous system and plays a role in inducing the mitochondrial fission process. Many diseases are associated with Drp1 and mitochondria. However, since the exact distribution of Drp1 has not been specifically observed, it is difficult to determine the impact of anti-Drp1 molecules on the human body. Clarifying the specific Drp1 distribution could be a good approach to targeted treatment or prognosis. Methods We visualized the distribution of Drp1 in different brain regions and explicated the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria. GAD67-GFP knock-in mice were utilized to detect the expression patterns of Drp1 in GABAergic neurons. We also further analyzed Drp1 expression in human malignant glioma tissue. Results Drp1 was widely but heterogeneously distributed in the central nervous system. Further observation indicated that Drp1 was highly and heterogeneously expressed in inhibitory neurons. Under transmission electron microscopy, the distribution of Drp1 was higher in dendrites than other areas in neurons, and only a small amount of Drp1 was localized in mitochondria. In human malignant glioma, the fluorescence intensity of Drp1 increased from grade I-III, while grade IV showed a declining trend. Conclusion In this study, we observed a wide heterogeneous distribution of Drp1 in the central nervous system, which might be related to the occurrence and development of neurologic disease. We hope that the relationship between Drp1 and mitochondria may will to therapeutic guidance in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chun-Qiu Dai
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Third Medical District, Lintong Rehabilitation and Convalescent Centre, Xi'an, 710600, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng-Mei Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Yi Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Medical College of Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Kun-Long Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Physiotherapy, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei-Fei Wu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preclinical Medicine Education, Air Force Medical University (The Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Espinosa-Garcia C, Atif F, Yousuf S, Sayeed I, Neigh GN, Stein DG. Progesterone Attenuates Stress-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Enhances Autophagy following Ischemic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3740. [PMID: 32466385 PMCID: PMC7312827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome inhibition and autophagy induction attenuate inflammation and improve outcome in rodent models of cerebral ischemia. However, the impact of chronic stress on NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagic response to ischemia remains unknown. Progesterone (PROG), a neuroprotective steroid, shows promise in reducing excessive inflammation associated with poor outcome in ischemic brain injury patients with comorbid conditions, including elevated stress. Stress primes microglia, mainly by the release of alarmins such as high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). HMGB1 activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β production. In experiment 1, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to social defeat stress for 8 days and then subjected to global ischemia by the 4-vessel occlusion model, a clinically relevant brain injury associated with cardiac arrest. PROG was administered 2 and 6 h after occlusion and then daily for 7 days. Animals were killed at 7 or 14 days post-ischemia. Here, we show that stress and global ischemia exert a synergistic effect in HMGB1 release, resulting in exacerbation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autophagy impairment in the hippocampus of ischemic animals. In experiment 2, an in vitro inflammasome assay, primary microglia isolated from neonatal brain tissue, were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and stimulated with adenosine triphosphate (ATP), displaying impaired autophagy and increased IL-1β production. In experiment 3, hippocampal microglia isolated from stressed and unstressed animals, were stimulated ex vivo with LPS, exhibiting similar changes than primary microglia. Treatment with PROG reduced HMGB1 release and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and enhanced autophagy in stressed and unstressed ischemic animals. Pre-treatment with an autophagy inhibitor blocked Progesterone's (PROG's) beneficial effects in microglia. Our data suggest that modulation of microglial priming is one of the molecular mechanisms by which PROG ameliorates ischemic brain injury under stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (F.A.); (S.Y.); (I.S.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Fahim Atif
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (F.A.); (S.Y.); (I.S.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Seema Yousuf
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (F.A.); (S.Y.); (I.S.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (F.A.); (S.Y.); (I.S.); (D.G.S.)
| | - Gretchen N. Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Donald G. Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (F.A.); (S.Y.); (I.S.); (D.G.S.)
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Guo ML, Buch S. Neuroinflammation & pre-mature aging in the context of chronic HIV infection and drug abuse: Role of dysregulated autophagy. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146446. [PMID: 31521638 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-1 infection has transformed from adeath sentenceto a manageable, chronic disease. Although the lifeexpectancy of HIV+ individuals is comparable to that of the uninfectedsubjects paradoxically, there is increased prevalence ofage-associatedcomorbidities such asatherosclerosis, diabetes, osteoporosis & neurological deficits in the context of HIV infection. Drug abuse is a commoncomorbidityofHIV infection andis often associated withincreased neurological complications. Chronic neuroinflammation (abnormal microglial and astrocyte activation) and neuronal synaptodendritic injury are the features of CNS pathology observed inHIV (+) individualsthat are takingcART & that abuse drugs. Neuroinflammation is thedrivingforceunderlying prematureaging associated with HIV (+) infection, cART and drugs of abuse. Autophagy is a highly conserved process critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Dysregulated autophagyhas been shown to be linked with abnormal immune responses & aging. Recent emerging evidence implicatesthe role ofHIV/HIV proteins, cART, & abused drugsin disrupting theautophagy process in brain cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. It can thus be envisioned that co-exposure of CNS cells to HIV proteins, cART and/or abused drugs couldhavesynergistic effects on theautophagy process, thereby leading to exaggerated microglial/astrocyte activation, ultimately, promotingthe aging process. Restoration of autophagic functioncould thusprovide an alternative therapeuticstrategy formitigating neuroinflammation & ameliorating the premature aging process. The current review aims to unravel the role of dysregulated autophagy in the context of single or co-exposure of microglia, astrocytes, and neurons to HIV/HIV proteins, drugs of abuse &/or cART and will also discuss the pathways involved in dysregulated autophagy-mediated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Lei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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