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Bhoopathy J, Vedakumari Sathyaraj W, Yesudhason BV, Rajendran S, Dharmalingam S, Seetharaman J, Muthu R, Murugesan R, Raghunandhakumar S, Anandasadagopan SK. Haemostatic potency of sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin composite scaffolds - preparation, characterisation, and evaluation. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 52:35-45. [PMID: 38112317 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2293784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of haemostatic materials with excellent antimicrobial, biocompatible and biodegradable properties remains as a major challenge in the field of medicine. Haemostatic agents play vital role in protecting patients and military individuals during emergency situations. Natural polymers serve as promising materials for fabricating haemostatic compounds due to their efficacy in promoting hemostasis and wound healing. In the present work, sodium alginate/aloe vera/sericin (SA/AV/S) scaffold has been fabricated using a simple cost-effective casting method. The prepared SA/AV/S scaffolds were characterised for their physicochemical properties such as scanning electron microscope, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. SA/AV/S scaffold showed good mechanical strength, swelling behaviour and antibacterial activity. In vitro experiments using erythrocytes proved the hemocompatible and biocompatible features of SA/AV/S scaffold. In vitro blood clotting assay performed using human blood demonstrated the haemostatic and blood absorption properties of SA/AV/S scaffold. Scratch wound assay was performed to study the wound healing efficacy of prepared scaffolds. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay carried out using fertilised embryos proved the angiogenic property of SA/AV/S scaffold. Thus, SA/AV/S scaffold could serve as a potential haemostatic healthcare product due to its outstanding haemostatic, antimicrobial, hemocompatible, biocompatible and angiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayavardhini Bhoopathy
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weslen Vedakumari Sathyaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Selvarajan Rajendran
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Alagappa College of Technology Campus, Anna University, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayashri Seetharaman
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ranjitha Muthu
- Department of Research, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor (PO), Tamil Nadu 603308, Tamil Nadu
| | - Ramachandran Murugesan
- Department of Research, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Palayanoor (PO), Tamil Nadu 603308, Tamil Nadu
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Asl SK, Rahimzadegan M, Asl AK. Progress in cardiac tissue engineering and regeneration: Implications of gelatin-based hybrid scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129924. [PMID: 38311143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, particularly myocardial infarction (MI), remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments for MI, more palliative than curative, have limitations in reversing the disease completely. Tissue engineering (TE) has emerged as a promising strategy to address this challenge and may lead to improved therapeutic approaches for MI. Gelatin-based scaffolds, including gelatin and its derivative, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), have attracted significant attention in cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) due to their optimal physical and biochemical properties and capacity to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM). CTE mainly recruits two classes of gelatin/GelMA-based scaffolds: hydrogels and nanofibrous. This article reviews state-of-the-art gelatin/GelMA-based hybrid scaffolds currently applied for CTE and regenerative therapy. Hybrid scaffolds, fabricated by combining gelatin/GelMA hydrogel or nanofibrous scaffolds with other materials such as natural/synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, protein-based biomaterials, etc., are explored for enhanced cardiac tissue regeneration functionality. The engraftment of stem/cardiac cells, bioactive molecules, or drugs into these hybrid systems shows great promise in cardiac tissue repair and regeneration. Finally, the role of gelatin/GelMA scaffolds combined with the 3D bioprinting strategy in CTE will also be briefly highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Kazemi Asl
- Deputy of Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemi Asl
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dai Y, Zhou F, Zheng J, Mu J, Bo P, You B. Effect of CDM3 on co-culture of human-induced pluripotent stem cells with Matrigel-covered polycaprolactone to prepare cardiac patches. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:256-263. [PMID: 37067734 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
To promote the differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into myocardium through a standard chemically defined and small-molecule-based induction protocol (CDM3), and preliminarily prepare myocardial patches that provide experimental data and theoretical support for further maturation through other in vitro experiments and safety studies in vivo. After resuscitation, culture, and identification of hiPSCs, they were inoculated onto Matrigel-coated polycaprolactone (PCL). After 24 h, cell growth was observed by DAPI under a fluorescence microscope and the stemness of hiPSCs was identified by OCT4 fluorescence. After fixation, scanning electron microscopy was performed to observe the morphology of cells on the patch surface. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7 of culture, cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and a curve was drawn to observe cell growth and proliferation. After co-culture with Matrigel-covered PCL for 24 h, hiPSCs were divided into control and CDM3 groups, and cultured for an additional 6 d. On the eighth day, cell growth was observed by DAPI under a fluorescence microscope, hiPSC stemness was identified by OCT4 fluorescence, and cardiomyocytes were identified by cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and α-actin expression. hiPSCs co-cultured with Matrigel-covered PCL for 24 h emitted green fluorescence indicating OCT4, showing that hiPSCs maintained their stemness on Matrigel-covered PCL scaffolds. DAPI emitted blue fluorescence, indicating that cells grew clonally with uniform cell morphology. Scanning electron microscopy showed that hiPSCs adhered and grew on PCL covered with Matrigel, with clearly visible cell outlines indicating normal morphology. Assessment of cell viability by the CCK-8 method showed that hiPSCs proliferated and grew on PCL scaffolds covered with Matrigel. After 6 d of culture, immunofluorescence showed that control group hiPSCs highly expressed the stem cell marker OCT4 but not myocardial markers cTnT or α-actin. In contrast, notable expression of myocardial markers cTnT and α-actin but not OCT4 occurred in the CDM3 group. hiPSCs can proliferate and grow on PCL scaffolds covered with Matrigel. Under the influence of CDM3, hiPSCs differentiated into cardiomyocyte-like cells, allowing the preliminary preparation of myocardial patches that can provide a better method for clinical treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Heart Center of Sunshine Fusion Hospital, Weifang, 261205, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junsheng Mu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ping Bo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin You
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
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Schmitt PR, Dwyer KD, Coulombe KLK. Current Applications of Polycaprolactone as a Scaffold Material for Heart Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2461-2480. [PMID: 35623101 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in treatments for cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A significant factor contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases into HF is the loss of functioning cardiomyocytes. The recent growth in the field of cardiac tissue engineering has the potential to not only reduce the downstream effects of injured tissues on heart function and longevity but also re-engineer cardiac function through regeneration of contractile tissue. One leading strategy to accomplish this is via a cellularized patch that can be surgically implanted onto a diseased heart. A key area of this field is the use of tissue scaffolds to recapitulate the mechanical and structural environment of the native heart and thus promote engineered myocardium contractility and function. While the strong mechanical properties and anisotropic structural organization of the native heart can be largely attributed to a robust extracellular matrix, similar strength and organization has proven to be difficult to achieve in cultured tissues. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an emerging contender to fill these gaps in fabricating scaffolds that mimic the mechanics and structure of the native heart. In the field of cardiovascular engineering, PCL has recently begun to be studied as a scaffold for regenerating the myocardium due to its facile fabrication, desirable mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, and perhaps most importantly, biodegradability, which make it suitable for regenerating and re-engineering function to the heart after disease or injury. This review focuses on the application of PCL as a scaffold specifically in myocardium repair and regeneration and outlines current fabrication approaches, properties, and possibilities of PCL incorporation into engineered myocardium, as well as provides suggestions for future directions and a roadmap toward clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Schmitt
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kiera D Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Das A, Ganesan H, Sriramulu S, Marotta F, Kanna NRR, Banerjee A, He F, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A review on interplay between small RNAs and oxidative stress in cancer progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:4117-4131. [PMID: 34292483 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been known to be the underlying cause in many instances of cancer development. The new aspect of cancer genesis that has caught the attention of many researchers worldwide is its connection to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs may not be protein coding, but in light of the more recent discovery of their wide range of functions, the term 'dark matter of the genome' has been rendered inapplicable. There is an extensive mention of colon cancer as an example, where some of these ncRNAs and their manipulations have seen significant progress. As of now, the focus is on discovering a non-invasive, cost-effective method for diagnosis that is easier to monitor and can be conducted before visible symptoms indicate cancer in a patient, by which time it may already be too late. The concept of liquid biopsies has revolutionized recent diagnostic measures. It has been possible to detect circulating parts of the cancer genome or other biomarkers in the patients' bodily fluids, resulting in the effective management of the disease. This has led these ncRNAs to be considered effective therapeutic targets and extrinsic modifications in several tumor types, proven to be effective as therapy. However, there is a vast scope for further understanding and pertinent application of our acquired knowledge and expanding it in enhancing the utilization of ncRNAs for a better prognosis, quicker diagnosis, and improved management of cancer. This review explores the prognosis of cancer and related mutations by scrutinizing small ncRNAs in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparimita Das
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Sushmitha Sriramulu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Francesco Marotta
- ReGenera R&D International for Aging Intervention and Vitality & Longevity Medical Science Commission, FEMTEC World Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - N R Rajesh Kanna
- Department of Pathology, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603 103, India.
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Sharma V, Dash SK, Manhas A, Radhakrishnan J, Jagavelu K, Verma RS. Injectable hydrogel for co-delivery of 5-azacytidine in zein protein nanoparticles with stem cells for cardiac function restoration. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120673. [PMID: 33964338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is major cause of mortality associated with mostly Myocardial infarction (MI). Transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have exhibited potential role in myocardial regeneration. Secretion of immune-modulatory cytokines and various growth factors after transplantation plays significant role in remodelling process of MI region. However, low retention, higher shear stress during administration and rejection at host infarct environment hinders therapeutic efficacy. Myocardial regeneration demands for accurate spatio-temporal delivery of MSCs with supportive vascular network that leads to improvement of cardiac function. In this study, injectable alginate based microporous hydrogel has been used to deliver 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza) in zein protein nanoparticle with MSCs for attenuating adverse cardiac remodelling after MI. Zein nanoparticles loaded with 5-Aza were prepared by liquid-liquid dispersion, and it was found that 35% of drug was released in 7 days supported with mathematical modelling. The presence of 5-Aza and zein in developed hydrogel supported in vitro MSC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis. Significant increased expression of cardiac specific markers, GATA4, MEF2C, MLC, SERCA and NKX2.5 was observed in vitro. 5-Aza loaded protein nanoparticle with MSCs encapsulated hydrogels in rat MI model also exhibited substantial improvement of functional cardiac parameters such as cardiac output and ejection fraction. Histopathological analysis showed reduced fibrosis, attenuated infarct expansion and cardiac tissue restoration and angiogenesis. In brief, we developed nanocarrier-hydrogel system a promising strategy for co-delivering 5-Aza as cardiac differentiation cue with MSCs to achieve higher cell retention and enhanced improvement in myocardial regeneration after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Sharma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Dash
- Heat Transfer and Thermal Power, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Amit Manhas
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Janani Radhakrishnan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- PCS-202, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, TN, India.
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Pushp P, Bhaskar R, Kelkar S, Sharma N, Pathak D, Gupta MK. Plasticized poly(vinylalcohol) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) based patches with tunable mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2312-2325. [PMID: 33675237 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are the two most investigated biopolymers for various tissue engineering applications. However, their poor tensile strength renders them unsuitable for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). In this study, we developed and evaluated PVA-PVP-based patches, plasticized with glycerol or propylene glycol (0.1%-0.4%; v:v), for their application in CTE. The cardiac patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical (weight, thickness, folding endurance, FT-IR, and swelling behavior) and mechanical properties. The optimized patches were characterized for their ability to support in vitro attachment, viability, proliferation, and beating behavior of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs). In vivo evaluation of the cardiac patches was done under the subcutaneous skin pouch and heart of rat models. Results showed that the optimized molar ratio of PVA:PVP with plasticizers (0.3%; v-v) resulted in cardiac patches, which were dry at room temperature and had desirable folding endurance of at least 300, a tensile strength of 6-23 MPa and, percentage elongation at break of more than 250%. Upon contact with phosphate-buffered saline, these PVA-PVP patches formed hydrogel patches having the tensile strength of 1.3-3.0 MPa. The patches supported the attachment, viability, and proliferation of primary neonatal mouse CMs and were nonirritant and noncorrosive to cardiac cells. In vivo transplantation of cardiac patches into a subcutaneous pouch and on the heart of rat models revealed them to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and safe for use in CTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Pushp
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samruddhi Kelkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
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Saheli M, Pirhajati Mahabadi V, Mesbah-Namin SA, Seifalian A, Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z. DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine in high dose promotes ultrastructural maturation of cardiomyocyte. Stem Cell Investig 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33437842 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2020-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The adult human heart muscle cells, cardiomyocytes are not capable of regenerate after injury. Stem cells are a powerful means for future regenerative medicine because of their capacity for self-renewal and multipotency. Several studies have reported the cardiogenic potential in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation, but there is still no efficient protocol for the induction of cardiac differentiation by 5-azacytidine (5-Aza). The present study involves characterization and mainly, the ultrastructure of ADSCs derived cardiomyocyte-like cells. Methods The cultured ADSCs were treated with 50 µM 5-Aza for 24 hours, followed by a 10-week extension. At different time points, cardiomyocyte-like cells were assessed by qRT-PCR and were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy at 10th week. Results The expression of cardiac-specific markers entailing cardiac troponin I (cTnI), connexin 43, myosin light chain-2v (Mlc-2v), increased over 10 weeks and the highest expression was at 10th week. The expression of the β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) increased significantly over 5 weeks and then decreased. At the ultrastructural level myofibrils, transverse tubules (T-tubules), sarcoplasmic reticular membrane, and intercalated discs were present. Conclusions These data suggest that treatment with 5-Aza in high dose could promote differentiation of ADSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells. These differentiated cells could be used for regeneration of damaged cardiomyocytes with the 3D scaffold for delivery of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Saheli
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Alireza Mesbah-Namin
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialisation Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd.), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, UK
| | - Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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