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Wu X, Zhi X, Liu K, Jiang H, Zhao X, Li Y. Prevention and control of cardiac arrhythmic by using therapeutic foods: A review. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024. [PMID: 39363395 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arrhythmia occurs as a common heart vascular disease. Functional food is a rich source of natural compounds with significant pharmacological, The aim of this paper is to explore its effect on arrhythmia. METHODS By reviewing the literature and summarising the findings, we described the role of functional foods in the alleviation of cardiac arrhythmias from different perspectives. RESULTS Our study shows that functional foods have anti-arrhythmic effects through modulation of ion channels, oxidative stress, and Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. CONCLUSIONS We summarize the mechanism of arrhythmia inhibition by the active ingredients of medicinal diets in this review article, intending to provide research ideas for dietary therapy to regulate arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - HuGang Jiang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Meng XL, Xue JS, Su SJ, Gou JM, Lu J, Chen CL, Xu CB. Total alkaloids from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. improve cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice and protect Aβ-damaged PC12 cells. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:1243-1257. [PMID: 36370050 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2145426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and food which is considered conducive to the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the effect and mechanism of TASENN (total alkaloids from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on AD mice and amyloid-β (Aβ) injured PC12 cells were evaluated. HPLC-UV analysis showed that the extracted TASENN (purity = 95.6%) mainly contains Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine (purity was 23.01, 28.02, and 44.57%, respectively). In vivo, oral treatment with TASENN (50 mg/kg/day for 28 days) improved the learning and memory functions of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, ameliorated the histopathological changes of cortical and hippocampal neurons, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. We found that TASENN reduced the phosphorylation of Tau and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in APP/PS1 mouse brain. Moreover, TASENN down-regulated the expression of APP and BACE1, ameliorated Aβ deposition, and inhibited microglial proliferation and aggregation. The elevated protein expression of CaM and p-CaMKII in APP/PS1 mouse brain was also reduced by TASENN. In vitro, TASENN inhibited the apoptosis of PC12 cells injured by Aβ25-35 and increased the cell viability. Aβ25-35-induced increase of cytosolic free Ca2+ level and high expression of CaM, p-CaMKII, and p-Tau were decreased by TASENN. Our findings indicate that TASENN has a potential therapeutic effect on AD mice and a protective effect on PC12 cells. The anti-AD activity of TASENN may be closely related to its negative regulation of the CaM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Natural Product Pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Su Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Min Gou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Natural Product Pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Kim YJ, Jin J, Kim DH, Kim D, Lee YM, Byun JK, Choi YK, Park KG. SGLT2 inhibitors prevent LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by downregulating NHE1 expression. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1981-1997. [PMID: 37770568 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically activated M1 macrophages, characterized by aberrant glycolysis and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, play pivotal roles in inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors were shown to suppress Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) activity, regulating downstream intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in cardiomyocytes. However, whether SGLT2 inhibitors regulate M1 macrophage polarization by downregulating NHE1 and NCX1 remains unknown. METHODS We analyzed cellular responses to SGLT2 inhibitors using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To induce IBD, we used a dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis mouse model. RESULTS We observed that NHE1 and NCX1 were overexpressed in LPS-treated macrophages, leading to M1 macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, NHE1 and NCX1-mediated Ca2+ accumulation in the macrophage resulted in enhanced glycolysis by promoting PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling. SGLT2 inhibitors suppressed both the expression levels and activities of NHE1 and NCX1, and consequently downregulated PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis in LPS-treated macrophages. We observed inhibition of LPS-stimulated M1 polarization and cytokine production by SGLT2 inhibitors in vitro, ex vivo, and in an IBD mouse model. CONCLUSIONS NHE1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and SGLT2 inhibitors are a novel strategy to treat M1 macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases, including IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE, MRC), Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Kyung Choi
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, 807 Hoguk-Ro, Buk-Gu, Daegu, 41404, Republic of Korea.
| | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, 130 Dongdeok-Ro, Jung-Gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Muema JM, Mutunga JM, Obonyo MA, Getahun MN, Mwakubambanya RS, Akala HM, Cheruiyot AC, Yeda RA, Juma DW, Andagalu B, Johnson JL, Roth AL, Bargul JL. Isoliensinine from Cissampelos pariera rhizomes exhibits potential gametocytocidal and anti-malarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. Malar J 2023; 22:161. [PMID: 37208735 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unmet demand for effective malaria transmission-blocking agents targeting the transmissible stages of Plasmodium necessitates intensive discovery efforts. In this study, a bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ), isoliensinine, from Cissampelos pariera (Menispermaceae) rhizomes was identified and characterized for its anti-malarial activity. METHODS Malaria SYBR Green I fluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the in vitro antimalarial activity against D6, Dd2, and F32-ART5 clones, and immediate ex vivo (IEV) susceptibility for 10 freshly collected P. falciparum isolates. To determine the speed- and stage-of-action of isoliensinine, an IC50 speed assay and morphological analyses were performed using synchronized Dd2 asexuals. Gametocytocidal activity against two culture-adapted gametocyte-producing clinical isolates was determined using microscopy readouts, with possible molecular targets and their binding affinities deduced in silico. RESULTS Isoliensinine displayed a potent in vitro gametocytocidal activity at mean IC50gam values ranging between 0.41 and 0.69 µM for Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. The BBIQ compound also inhibited asexual replication at mean IC50Asexual of 2.17 µM, 2.22 µM, and 2.39 µM for D6, Dd2 and F32-ART5 respectively, targeting the late-trophozoite to schizont transition. Further characterization demonstrated a considerable immediate ex vivo potency against human clinical isolates at a geometric mean IC50IEV = 1.433 µM (95% CI 0.917-2.242). In silico analyses postulated a probable anti-malarial mechanism of action by high binding affinities for four mitotic division protein kinases; Pfnek1, Pfmap2, Pfclk1, and Pfclk4. Additionally, isoliensinine was predicted to possess an optimal pharmacokinetics profile and drug-likeness properties. CONCLUSION These findings highlight considerable grounds for further exploration of isoliensinine as an amenable scaffold for malaria transmission-blocking chemistry and target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - James M Mutunga
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meshack A Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Merid N Getahun
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hoseah M Akala
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Agnes C Cheruiyot
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Redemptah A Yeda
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dennis W Juma
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Andagalu
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jaree L Johnson
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Amanda L Roth
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joel L Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Chronotherapeutic neuroprotective effect of verapamil against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice through modulation of calcium-dependent genes. Mol Med 2022; 28:139. [DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Neuroinflammation is a major mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which is a major healthcare problem. Notwithstanding of ample researches figured out possible molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of AD, there is no definitive therapeutics that aid in neuroprotection. Therefore, searching for new agents and potential targets is a critical demand. We aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of verapamil (VRP) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice and whether the time of VRP administration could affect its efficacy.
Methods
Forty male albino mice were used and were divided into normal control, LPS only, morning VRP, and evening VRP. Y-maze and pole climbing test were performed as behavioral tests. Hematoxylin and eosin together with Bielschowsky silver staining were done to visualize neuroinflammation and phosphorylated tau protein (pTAU); respectively. Additionally, the state of mitochondria, the levels of microglia-activation markers, inflammatory cytokines, intracellular Ca2+, pTAU, and Ca2+-dependent genes involving Ca2+/ calmodulin dependent kinase II (CAMKII) isoforms, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), with the level of VRP in the brain tissue were measured.
Results
LPS successfully induced neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, which was indicated by elevated levels of microglia markers, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular Ca2+ with compromised mitochondria and downregulated CAMKII isoforms, PKA, CREB and BDNF. Pretreatment with VRP showed significant enhancement in the architecture of the brain and in the behavioral tests as indicated by the measured parameters. Moreover, morning VRP exhibited better neuroprotective profile compared to the evening therapy.
Conclusions
VRP highlighted a multilevel of neuroprotection through anti-inflammatory activity, Ca2+ blockage, and regulation of Ca2+-dependent genes. Furthermore, chronotherapy of VRP administration should be consider to achieve best therapeutic efficacy.
Graphical Abstract
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Chen CL, Wang HL, Qian F, Liu MH, Guo XX, Lv J, Huang JH, Zhang NZ, Xiang Z. Prominent Effects of Berbamine Hydrochloride on Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939039. [PMID: 35846991 PMCID: PMC9280290 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Very few anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drugs are clinically available at present due to the complex mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease. For the purpose of discovering potential anti-AD drugs in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, the anti-AD function and the mechanism of the function of berbamine hydrochloride (BBMH) were studied. Three kinds of AD model mice, double transgenic APP/PS1 AD mice, Gal-Alu AD mice induced by the intraperitoneal injection of d-galactose combined with the intragastric administration of aluminum trichloride, and Alu AD-like mice induced by stereotactic brain injection of aluminum trichloride, were administered with BBMH for 40 days at a dosage of 280 mg/kg/d. The effects of BBMH on the learning and memory behavior of the AD mice were studied through the Morris water maze experiment, and the influences of BBMH on the pathological features of AD, including the deposition of Aβ, the lesions of pyramidal cells (neurons), and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, were studied by the immunohistochemical staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and silver staining of the brain tissues of the mice. The water maze experiment showed that BBMH could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of three kinds of treated mice. Immunohistochemical staining showed that BBMH could significantly reduce the deposition of Aβ in the brain tissues of treated mice. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that BBMH could significantly alleviate the lesions of pyramidal cells in the hippocampal tissue of the mice. Silver staining showed that BBMH could significantly reduce the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal tissue of the mice. These results indicated that BBMH has significant anti-AD effects and the potential as an anti-AD drug. Western blot analysis of the brain tissue of the mice showed that the expression level of calpain, a Ca2+-dependent proteolytic enzyme, was significantly inhibited and the expression level of SelK, a selenoprotein mainly expressed in immune cells, was significantly increased. It is speculated that the anti-AD effect of BBMH is related to the improvement of the phagocytosis of microglial cells in brain tissues and macrophages migrated into the brain as well as the regulation of calcium homeostasis and calcium-dependent proteases in the brain tissues of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-lan Chen
- School of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-li Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Qian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mei-hua Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-xuan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-hui Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nai-zhi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Zheng Xiang,
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Meng XL, Liu SY, Xue JS, Gou JM, Wang D, Liu HS, Chen CL, Xu CB. Protective effects of Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine on PC12 cells injured by amyloid-β. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14303. [PMID: 35762411 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is the leading cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine are main alkaloids in lotus seed embryos. In this paper, the protective effects of Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine on Aβ25-35 -injured PC12 cells were studied. It was found that Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine could improve the viability and reduce the apoptosis of PC12 cell induced by Aβ25-35 . These three alkaloids could also reduce the level of intracellular free Ca2+ and CaM expression in Aβ25-35 -treated cells, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of CaMKII and tau. In addition, these three compounds can inhibit the production of ROS in PC12 cells injured by Aβ25-35 . Our results suggest for the first time that Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine can inhibit hyperphosphorylation of tau protein by inhibiting the Ca2+ -CaM/CaMKII pathway, thereby reducing the apoptosis and death of PC12 cells damaged by Aβ25-35 . PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study highlighted the protective effects and mechanisms of three main active ingredients (Liensinine, Isoliensinine, and Neferine) in the lotus embryo on a typical cell model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results revealed that three alkaloids in this healthy food might exert therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Song-Yao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Su Xue
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang-Min Gou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Development of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-Lan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xu
- School of Environmental Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
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Ryu TK, Roh E, Shin HS, Kim JE. Inhibitory Effect of Lotusine on Solar UV-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:773. [PMID: 35336655 PMCID: PMC8949197 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (sUV) radiation remains a major cause of skin aging. Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) is a well-known edible plant widely grown in Asia, including Korea, China, and Japan. The lotus consists of flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds, and all parts reportedly possess nutritional and medical values. Traditionally, lotus flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds have been used as antidiarrheal agents, diuretics, antipyretics, and antimicrobial and antihyperlipidemic agents. In addition, the Nelumbo nucifera lotus embryo has been shown to possess sedative and antipyretic properties and can relieve hemostatic thirst and treat eye diseases. Recently, Nelumbo nucifera lotus flower extract has been widely used in cosmetics due to its ability to reduce wrinkles and its whitening effects. Numerous cosmetics using Nelumbo nucifera lotus embryo extracts are commercially available. However, the active components of Nelumbo nucifera remain elusive. Lotusine is a phytochemical and soluble alkaloid found in lotus embryos. Herein, we examined the anti-wrinkle effect of lotusine using sUV-exposed human keratinocytes. We observed that lotusine reduced sUV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression and modulated transcriptional activities of activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). sUV-induced AP-1 and NF-κB activity could be activated via multiple signal transduction cascades, including the p38 MAPK, JNK, ERK1/2, and Akt pathways in the skin. Lotusine inhibited the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-p90RSK, MKK3/6-p38, and Akt-p70S6K pathways. Overall, our findings suggest that lotusine has potential benefits related to MMP-1 expression and skin aging following sUV exposure. Hence, the lotus can be developed as a valuable functional food and cosmetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Ryu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
| | - Eunmiri Roh
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women’s University, Gwangju 62396, Korea;
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Korea;
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Tecshnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju-si 27909, Korea
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Punia Bangar S, Dunno K, Kumar M, Mostafa H, Maqsood S. A comprehensive review on lotus seeds (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): Nutritional composition, health-related bioactive properties, and industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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10
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Wang Z, Li Y, Ma D, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Alkaloids from lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera): recent advances in biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, bioactivity, safety, and industrial applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-34. [PMID: 34845950 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Different parts of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) including the seeds, rhizomes, leaves, and flowers, are used for medicinal purposes with health promoting and illness preventing benefits. The presence of active chemicals such as alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenoids (particularly alkaloids) may account for this plant's pharmacological effects. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview and summarize up-to-date research on the biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivity of lotus alkaloids as well as their safety. Moreover, the potential uses of lotus alkaloids in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors are explored. Current evidence shows that alkaloids, mainly consisting of aporphines, 1-benzylisoquinolines, and bisbenzylisoquinolines, are present in different parts of lotus. The bioavailability of these alkaloids is relatively low in vivo but can be enhanced by technological modification using nanoliposomes, liposomes, microcapsules, and emulsions. Available data highlights their therapeutic and preventive effects on obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular disease, etc. Additionally, industrial applications of lotus alkaloids include their use as food, medical, and cosmetic ingredients in tea, other beverages, and healthcare products; as lipid-lowering, anticancer, and antipsychotic drugs; and in facial masks, toothpastes, and shower gels. However, their clinical efficacy and safety remains unclear; hence, larger and longer human trials are needed to achieve their safe and effective use with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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11
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da Cunha LNOL, Tizziani T, Souza GB, Moreira MA, Neto JSS, Dos Santos CVD, de Carvalho MG, Dalmarco EM, Turqueti LB, Scotti MT, Scotti L, de Assis FF, Braga A, Sandjo LP. Natural Products with tandem Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory and Anti-SARS-CoV/2 effects: A Drug Discovery Perspective against SARS-CoV-2. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2530-2564. [PMID: 34313197 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210726094955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is still causing victims with long-term health consequences, mass deaths, and collapsing healthcare systems around the world. The disease has no efficient drugs. However, previous studies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV have 96% and 86.5% similarities in cysteine proteases (3CLpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) sequences, respectively. This resemblance could be significant in the search for drug candidates with antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE This paper is a compilation of natural products that inhibit SARS-CoV 3CLpro and PLpro and, concomitantly, reduce inflammation and/or modulate the immune system as a perspective strategy for COVID-19 drug discovery. It also presents in silico studies performed on these selected natural products using SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and PLpro as targets to propose a list of hit compounds. METHOD The plant metabolites were selected in the literature based on their biological activities on SARS-CoV proteins, inflammatory mediators, and immune response. The consensus docking analysis was performed using four different packages. RESULTS Seventy-nine compounds reported in the literature with inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV proteins were reported as anti-inflammatory agents. Fourteen of them showed in previous studies immunomodulatory effects. Five and six of these compounds showed significant in silico consensus as drug candidates that can inhibit PLpro and 3CLpro, respectively. Our findings corroborated recent results reported on anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the literature. CONCLUSION This study revealed that amentoflavone, rubranoside B, savinin, psoralidin, hirsutenone, and papyriflavonol A are good drug candidate for the search of antibiotics against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana N O Leal da Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tiago Tizziani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monalisa A Moreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José S S Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos V D Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maryelle G de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Dalmarco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Leonardo B Turqueti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Federal University of Paraíba Cidade Universitária-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Federal University of Paraíba Cidade Universitária-Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Francisco F de Assis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Antonio Braga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, CFM, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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12
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Gill MSA, Saleem H, Ahemad N. Plant Extracts and their Secondary Metabolites as Modulators of Kinases. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1093-1104. [PMID: 32091334 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200224100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural Products (NP), specifically from medicinal plants or herbs, have been extensively utilized to analyze the fundamental mechanisms of ultimate natural sciences as well as therapeutics. Isolation of secondary metabolites from these sources and their respective biological properties, along with their lower toxicities and cost-effectiveness, make them a significant research focus for drug discovery. In recent times, there has been a considerable focus on isolating new chemical entities from natural flora to meet the immense demand for kinase modulators, and also to overcome major unmet medical challenges in relation to signal transduction pathways. The signal transduction systems are amongst the foremost pathways involved in the maintenance of life and protein kinases play an imperative part in these signaling pathways. It is important to find a kinase inhibitor, as it can be used not only to study cell biology but can also be used as a drug candidate for cancer and metabolic disorders. A number of plant extracts and their isolated secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids have exhibited activities against various kinases. In the current review, we have presented a brief overview of some important classes of plant secondary metabolites as kinase modulators. Moreover, a number of phytocompounds with kinase inhibition potential, isolated from different plant species, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Ali Gill
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Global Asia in 21st Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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13
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Ospanov M, León F, Jenis J, Khan IKA, Ibrahim MA. Challenges and future directions of potential natural products leads against 2019-nCoV outbreak. CURRENT PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 24:100180. [PMID: 33052305 PMCID: PMC7543902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpb.2020.100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Except for Remdesivir® no other drug or vaccine has yet been approved to treat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus known as, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Remdesivir® an small molecule and nucleic acid analogue, it is used to treat adults and children with laboratory confirmed COVID-19, only administrated in hospital settings. Small molecules and particularly natural products count for almost fifty percent of the commercially available drugs, several of them are marketed antiviral agents and those can be a potential agent to treat COVID-19 infections. This short review rationalized different key natural products with known activity against coronaviruses as potential leads against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirambek Ospanov
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- The Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Janar Jenis
- The Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - IKhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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