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Madundo K, Knettel BA, Knippler E, Mbwambo J. Prevalence, severity, and associated factors of depression in newly diagnosed people living with HIV in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:83. [PMID: 36726113 PMCID: PMC9890688 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04496-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is particularly common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with some studies showing a prevalence of depression three times higher among people living with HIV as compared to the general public. The stress associated with being diagnosed with HIV can be quite impactful, including concerns about one's long-term health, stigma, and the burden of long-term treatment. Therefore, it is common for a new HIV diagnosis to contribute to the onset of depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, and its associated factors in people diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey with patients newly diagnosed with HIV at three hospitals in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania utilizing a locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screener for depression, the Demographic Health Survey (SES-DHS8) for socio-demographic characteristics, and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) to assess perceived social support. We enrolled 272 participants between September and December 2020, diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis were used to determine associations of sociodemographic variables with the dependent variable of depression. RESULTS Overall prevalence of depression in our sample was 41%, including 54 participants (20%) with moderate symptoms, 42 (15%) with moderately severe symptoms, and 16 (6%) with severe symptoms. Severity was highest in participants diagnosed with HIV less than 1 month ago. An ANCOVA model (overall F = 4.72, p < 0.001) assessing factors associated with greater depression severity revealed significant effects of study site (F = 7.6, p < 0.001), female gender (F = 5.11, p = 0.02), and less time since HIV diagnosis (F = 12.3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The study demonstrates very high prevalence of depression among people living with HIV in this setting, particularly among those newly diagnosed, female participants, and those seen at the larger regional referral hospital. Integration of mental health screening and interventions into CTC care is vital in the first visits following a positive test result and may be tailored to meet the needs of patients at highest risk for developing symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Madundo
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Brandon A Knettel
- Duke University School of Nursing and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Knippler
- Duke Centre for AIDS Research, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jessie Mbwambo
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Li CW, Chen YC, Lee NY, Chen PL, Li MC, Li CY, Ko WC, Ko NY. Efavirenz Is Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Depressive Disorders in Patients Living with HIV: An 11-Year Population-Based Study in Taiwan. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121625. [PMID: 34946352 PMCID: PMC8701138 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to determine the association between the use of efavirenz and depressive disorders among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database. We identified patients receiving anti-retroviral therapy (ART) between 2000 and 2009; these patients were followed until 2010 for diagnoses of depressive disorders using the Cox proportional hazard model to estimate hazard ratios. (3) Results: After up to 11 years of follow-up, the incidence of depressive disorders for the efavirenz-treated group was estimated at 12.2/1000 person-years (PYs), and the control group was at 12.5/1000 PY (p = 0.822). The independent risk factors for depressive disorders included an insurance premium of less than NTD 17,820 (New Taiwan Dollars-NTD) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.59, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-3.76, p < 0.001), and between NTD 17,821 and NTD 26,400 (aHR 1.55, 95% CI, 1.04-2.31, p = 0.030), living in Southern Taiwan (aHR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.21-1.84, p = 0.002), and with a psychiatric history (excluding depressive disorders) (aHR 4.59, 95% CI, 3.51-6.01, p = 0.030). (4) Conclusions: This study concluded that ART-treated patients with a past history of psychiatric disorders, lower insurance premium, and living in Southern Taiwan have an increased risk of depressive disorders, which are not associated with the use of efavirenz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (N.-Y.L.); (P.-L.C.); (M.-C.L.); (W.-C.K.)
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (N.-Y.L.); (P.-L.C.); (M.-C.L.); (W.-C.K.)
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (N.-Y.L.); (P.-L.C.); (M.-C.L.); (W.-C.K.)
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (N.-Y.L.); (P.-L.C.); (M.-C.L.); (W.-C.K.)
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (N.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5838) (N.-Y.K.); Fax: +886-6-2377550 (N.-Y.K.)
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (N.-Y.L.); (P.-L.C.); (M.-C.L.); (W.-C.K.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Ying Ko
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.L.); (N.-Y.K.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5838) (N.-Y.K.); Fax: +886-6-2377550 (N.-Y.K.)
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Park KS, Hwang SY, Choi BY, Kim J, Kim SI, Kim WJ, Kang C. Associations of depression and anxiety with cardiovascular risk among people living with HIV/AIDS in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2020; 43:e2021002. [PMID: 33445826 PMCID: PMC7952836 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2021002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As HIV/AIDS is becoming a chronic disease, the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people living with HIV/AIDS is rising. Anxiety and depression, which are common among people living with HIV/AIDS, have been linked with CVD. This study investigated the risk of CVD in people living with HIV/AIDS and explored the effects of depression and anxiety on CVD risk. METHODS Data were collected for 457 people enrolled in the Korea Cohort HIV/AIDS study after 2010. Framingham risk scores were calculated to quantify the 10-year risk of developing CVD. Depression and anxiety variables were re-coded as a single combined variable. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, adjusting for age, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), duration of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity after entry into the cohort, and depression/anxiety. RESULTS Participants with both depression and anxiety were 2.28 times more likely than those with neither depression nor anxiety to have moderate/high-risk CVD risk. The 10-year risk of developing CVD was affected by LDL cholesterol, TG, age, and duration of HIV infection. LDL cholesterol and TG levels change according to the duration of HIV infection, and metabolic disorders affect the risk of CVD. Thus, a longer duration of HIV infection is associated with a higher risk of developing CVD. CONCLUSIONS Screenings for depression and anxiety need to be provided regularly to assess the severity of those symptoms. To help decrease their risk of developing CVD, people living with HIV/AIDS should be offered behavioral modification interventions aimed at developing healthy lifestyle habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyong Sil Park
- School of Nursing, Cheju Halla University, Jeju, Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Bo Youl Choi
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Il Kim
- Division of Infectious Disease, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo-Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Kang
- Division of AIDS, Center for Immunology and Pathology, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
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Pottinger AM, Carroll K. Reproductive needs of PLHIV in Jamaica: relationship between fertility desire, motives and depression. J Reprod Infant Psychol 2019; 38:38-48. [PMID: 30939927 DOI: 10.1080/02646838.2019.1599334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background/objective: Advances in antiretroviral therapy and assisted reproduction technology which allow for longer and healthier lives and safer conception options necessitate a new understanding of the sexual and reproductive needs of persons living with HIV (PLHIV). This study examines fertility desire and motives for having children among PLHIV in Jamaica and explores the association with depressive symptoms.Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 251 PLHIV in their reproductive years voluntarily completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. SPSS analyses involved bivariate and logistic regression models significant at p < .05.Results: A desire to have children was expressed by 66% (n = 166), mostly males and persons younger than 40 years. Of those in a current relationship (n = 126), not having previous children best predicted fertility desire (p = .001; CI 0.04-0.44) as well as motives to conceive (p = .02; CI 0.01-0.66). PLHIVs in their reproductive years who are at depression risk are those in a sero-discordant relationship (p = .01; CI 1.48-30.22) and who have been diagnosed between 1 and 4 years (p = .05; CI 0.01-1.04).Conclusions: HIV status does not dampen the desire to have future children. There is need to evaluate the sexual, reproductive and mental health needs of PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Pottinger
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Kamali Carroll
- The Hugh Wynter Fertility Management Unit, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
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Tareke M, Addisu F, Abate A. Depression among patients attending antiretroviral treatment program in public health facilities in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia. J Affect Disord 2018; 232:370-374. [PMID: 29510355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnitude of depression is not well investigated among people living with HIV/AIDS. Thus, this research aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and its influencing factors among people living with HIV/AIDS attending government institutions in Bahir Dar City, North West, Ethiopia. METHODS institution based-cross-sectional study was done among randomly selected 415 people living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy program in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia. Socio-demographic data and medical histories for all respondents were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. We assessed the odds of association of patient characteristics with depression was assessed using multiple logistic regression. The relative effect estimates of the respective factors were presented with odds ratio accompanied by their 95% uncertainty intervals. RESULTS From 407 people living with HIV/AIDS interviewed, 198(48.6%) of them had depression. Social support, HIV clinical staging, total daily pill burden, treatment regimen and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy were significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSION The magnitude of depression among people living with HIV/AIDS was found to be high. Early mental health screening should be done for people living with HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minale Tareke
- Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Fikir Addisu
- Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Andargie Abate
- Bahir Dar University, College of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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Levintow SN, Pence BW, Ha TV, Minh NL, Sripaipan T, Latkin CA, Vu PT, Quan VM, Frangakis C, Go VF. Prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive men who inject drugs in Vietnam. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191548. [PMID: 29364928 PMCID: PMC5783407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV infection is common among people who inject drugs (PWID), and HIV-positive PWID may be particularly vulnerable to depression. This study measured the prevalence of depressive symptoms and the factors associated with severe symptoms among 455 HIV-positive PWID in Thai Nguyen, Vietnam. Methods We used cross-sectional data from PWID in a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to reduce high-risk injecting and sexual behaviors in Thai Nguyen from 2009–2013. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). We used logistic regression to assess demographic, clinical, and psychosocial predictors of severe depressive symptoms (CES-D≥23) with prevalence odds ratios (POR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of severe depressive symptoms (CES-D≥23) was 44%. 25% of participants had mild to moderate depressive symptoms (16≤CES-D<23), and 31% experienced no depressive symptoms (CES-D<16). Not being married, self-rated poor health, greater frequency of injection drug use, history of overdose, no alcohol use, and daily cigarette smoking were positively associated with severe depressive symptoms in unadjusted models and remained predictive in a multivariable model. The strongest predictors of depressive symptoms were self-reported poor health (POR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.82, 4.76), no current alcohol use (POR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.47, 3.77), and not currently married or cohabitating (POR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.40, 3.47). Conclusion Severe depressive symptoms were common among HIV-positive PWID in Thai Nguyen and were strongly associated with demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Interventions that promote social support from family and reduce drug dependence may particularly benefit PWID experiencing severe depressive symptoms. Greater recognition and treatment of depressive symptoms has the potential to enhance quality of life and improve HIV clinical outcomes for PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N. Levintow
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brian W. Pence
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Tran Viet Ha
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Nguyen Le Minh
- Thai Nguyen Center for Preventive Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Teerada Sripaipan
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Pham The Vu
- Thai Nguyen Center for Preventive Medicine, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Vu Minh Quan
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Constantine Frangakis
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Vivian F. Go
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Rong H, Nianhua X, Jun X, Lianguo R, Si W, Sheng W, Heng G, Xia W. Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral treatment in Wuhan, China: a short report. AIDS Care 2017; 29:1524-1528. [PMID: 28508665 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1327649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to explore the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms (DS) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Wuhan, Hubei, China. A cross-sectional study evaluating adult PLWHA receiving ART in nine designated clinical hospitals was conducted from October to December 2015. The validated Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess DS in eligible participants. Socio-demographical, epidemiological and clinical data were directly extracted from the case reporting database of the China HIV/AIDS Information Network. Multinomial regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for DS. 394 participants were finally included in all analyses. 40.3% were found to have DS with 13.7% having mild DS and 26.6% having moderate to severe DS. The results of multinomial regression analysis suggested that being married or living with a partner, recent experience of ART-related side effects, and/or history of HCV infection were positively associated with mild DS, while increasing age was positively associated with moderate to severe DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Rong
- a Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention , Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Xie Nianhua
- a Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention , Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Xu Jun
- a Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention , Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Ruan Lianguo
- b Department of Infectious Diseases Treatment , Wuhan Medical Treatment Center , Wuhan , China
| | - Wu Si
- a Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention , Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
| | - Wei Sheng
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Guo Heng
- c Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wang Xia
- a Department of HIV/AIDS Prevention , Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control , Wuhan , China
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Kanmogne GD, Qiu F, Ntone FE, Fonsah JY, Njamnshi DM, Kuate CT, Doh RF, Kengne AM, Tagny CT, Nchindap E, Kenmogne L, Mbanya D, Cherner M, Heaton RK, Njamnshi AK. Depressive symptoms in HIV-infected and seronegative control subjects in Cameroon: Effect of age, education and gender. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171956. [PMID: 28231258 PMCID: PMC5322951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a leading cause of HIV/AIDS disease burden; it worsens health outcomes and quality of life. Addressing this problem requires accurate quantification of the extra burden of depression to HIV/AIDS in a given population, and knowledge of the baseline depression prevalence in the general population. There has been no previous study of depression in the general Cameroonian population. The current study attempts to address that important need. We used the Beck Depression Inventory-II to assess the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in 270 HIV-infected and seronegative Cameroonians. Univariate analyses showed a trend toward higher depressive symptoms among cases, compared to controls (p = 0.055), and among older subjects (>40 years), compared to younger subjects (≤40 years) (p = 0.059). Analysis of depression severity showed that 33.73% of cases had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, compared to 19.8% of controls (p<0.01). However, multivariable negative binomial regression analyses showed no effect of age, HIV status, CD4 levels, viral loads, ART, or opportunistic infections on the risk of depressive symptoms. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses showed significantly higher risk of depressive symptoms among females compared to males; this was significant for both female controls and female cases. Female cases had significantly higher CD4 cell counts and lower viral loads, compared to males. Both univariate and multivariable regression analyses showed that lower education (≤10 years) was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. This study shows a high prevalence of depressive symptoms among seronegative controls and HIV-infected Cameroonians. Integrating care for mental disorders such as depression into primary health care and existing HIV/AIDS treatment programs in Cameroon may improve the wellbeing of the general population and could lower the HIV/AIDS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgette D. Kanmogne
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Félicien E. Ntone
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Julius Y. Fonsah
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dora M. Njamnshi
- HIV-Day Care Service, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Callixte T. Kuate
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Roland F. Doh
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Anne M. Kengne
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Claude T. Tagny
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Dora Mbanya
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Mariana Cherner
- HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Robert K. Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Alfred K. Njamnshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Neurology, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon
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Yang HJ, Bang JH. Factors associated with medication adherence in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in South Korea. AIDS Care 2017; 29:1315-1319. [PMID: 28127987 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2017.1282104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the factors associated with medication adherence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients in South Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from six hospitals participating in the Nationwide Specialized Counseling Program for HIV infected patients from 22 February to 10 May 2010. A total of 300 HIV patients have completed a self-administered questionnaire. Among 300 patients, 230 patients had above 95% medication adherence. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that having medical insurance (p = .003) and a good relationship with the medical team (p = .046) were the main factors affecting medication adherence in HIV patients. In conclusion, medical insurance through the National Health Insurance Service and a good relationship between HIV infected patients and physicians are the main influencing factors that impact medication adherence in countries with low economic barriers to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yang
- a Seoul center for Infectious Disease Control , Korea University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Bang
- b Division of Infectious Diseases , Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Borame Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea
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Rael CT, Davis A. Depression and key associated factors in female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 28:433-440. [PMID: 27189491 DOI: 10.1177/0956462416651374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the mental health of female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS in the Dominican Republic, which impedes HIV prevention, testing, and treatment. This project estimates the prevalence of depression and identifies key contributing factors to this outcome in female sex workers, women living with HIV/AIDS, and a comparison group. Participants were female sex workers (N = 349), women living with HIV/AIDS (N = 213), and a comparison group of HIV-negative women who were not sex workers (N = 314) from the Dominican Republic. Participants completed questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics and depression. Female sex workers and women living with HIV/AIDS completed additional questionnaires ascertaining HIV or sex work-related internalized stigma. Depression was prevalent among female sex workers (70.2%), women living with HIV/AIDS (81.1%), and the comparison group (52.2%). Adjusted logistic regressions showed that internalized stigma was associated with depression for female sex workers (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.95-3.84) and women living with HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.86-5.05). Permanent income was associated with this outcome for female sex workers (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.01-0.80) and the comparison group (OR = 0.04; 95% CI = 0.00-0.45).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Rael
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, NY, USA
| | - Alissa Davis
- Division of Gender, Sexuality and Health, HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies at the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, NY, USA
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Asangbeh SL, Sobngwi JL, Ekali GL, Eyoum C, Msellati P. Predictors of depression among patients on art in a rural health district in North West Cameroon. AIDS Care 2015; 28:205-8. [PMID: 26288104 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2015.1074654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) (PLWHA) increases risky HIV transmission behaviour, disease progression to AIDS, negatively affects drug adherence and is thus a risk for the development of drug-resistant strains. This study sought to identify predictors of depression in rural Cameroon. A cross-sectional analytic study was carried out from September 2013 to November 2013 in the Mbengwi district hospital of the North West region. We measured depression (PHQ-9 (nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire)), clinical and demographic characteristics of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Means, proportions and a stepwise logistic regression model were fit to describe participants' characteristics and predictors of depression in the study population. Of the 202 recruited patients, 58(28.7%) had a positive depression screen. Independent predictors of depression included monthly income less than 20,000 FCFA (US$40), (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.18-5.18), CD4 count <200 cls/µl (aOR = 7.56; 95% CI = 2.46-23.30) and presence of AIDS symptoms (aOR = 4.29; 95% CI = 2.09-8.81). There was no significant correlation between duration on ART, marital status, age, gender and depression. Early diagnosis and treatment of depressed patients need to be incorporated into intervention programmes, which might improve patient outcomes. More research is needed to investigate the impact of antidepressant therapy in PLWHA on the evolution of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serra Lem Asangbeh
- a Department of Public Health , Catholic University of Central Africa , Yaoundé , Cameroon.,b Recherche Santé et Developpement , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Joëlle Laure Sobngwi
- a Department of Public Health , Catholic University of Central Africa , Yaoundé , Cameroon.,b Recherche Santé et Developpement , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Gabriel Loni Ekali
- c National AIDS Control Committee, Ministry of Public Health , Yaoundé , Cameroon
| | - Christian Eyoum
- d Department of Pshychiatry and Gereontology , Laquintine Hospital , Douala , Cameroon
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