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Song Y, Zheng K, Brede DA, Gomes T, Xie L, Kassaye Y, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Multiomics Point of Departure (moPOD) Modeling Supports an Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Ionizing Radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3198-3205. [PMID: 36799527 PMCID: PMC9979642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
While adverse biological effects of acute high-dose ionizing radiation have been extensively investigated, knowledge on chronic low-dose effects is scarce. The aims of the present study were to identify hazards of low-dose ionizing radiation to Daphnia magna using multiomics dose-response modeling and to demonstrate the use of omics data to support an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network development for ionizing radiation. Neonatal D. magna were exposed to γ radiation for 8 days. Transcriptomic analysis was performed after 4 and 8 days of exposure, whereas metabolomics and confirmative bioassays to support the omics analyses were conducted after 8 days of exposure. Benchmark doses (BMDs, 10% benchmark response) as points of departure (PODs) were estimated for both dose-responsive genes/metabolites and the enriched KEGG pathways. Relevant pathways derived using the BMD modeling and additional functional end points measured by the bioassays were overlaid with a previously published AOP network. The results showed that several molecular pathways were highly relevant to the known modes of action of γ radiation, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein degradation, and apoptosis. The functional assays showed increased oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP pool. Ranking of PODs at the pathway and functional levels showed that oxidative damage related functions had relatively low PODs, followed by DNA damage, energy metabolism, and apoptosis. These were supportive of causal events in the proposed AOP network. This approach yielded promising results and can potentially provide additional empirical evidence to support further AOP development for ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Keke Zheng
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Tânia Gomes
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian
Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Økernveien 94, 0579 Oslo, Norway
- Centre
for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
- Faculty
of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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2
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Xie L, Song Y, Petersen K, Solhaug KA, Lind OC, Brede DA, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Ultraviolet B modulates gamma radiation-induced stress responses in Lemna minor at multiple levels of biological organisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157457. [PMID: 35868377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation may co-occur and pose cumulative hazards to biota. However, the combined effects and underlying toxicity mechanisms of different types of radiation in aquatic plants remain poorly understood. The present study aims to demonstrate how different combined toxicity prediction approaches can collectively characterise how chronic (7 days) exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (0.5 W m-2) modulates gamma (γ) radiation (14.9, 19.5, 43.6 mGy h-1) induced stress responses in the macrophyte Lemna minor. A suite of bioassays was applied to quantify stress responses at multiple levels of biological organisation. The combined effects (no-enhancement, additivity, synergism, antagonism) were determined by two-way analysis of variance (2 W-ANOVA) and a modified Independent Action (IA) model. The toxicological responses and the potential causality between stressors were further visualised by a network of toxicity pathways. The results showed that γ-radiation or UVB alone induced oxidative stress and programmed cell death (PCD) as well as impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and photosystem II (PSII) activity in L. minor. γ-radiation also activated antioxidant responses, DNA damage repair and chlorophyll metabolism, and inhibited growth at higher dose rates (≥20 mGy h-1). When co-exposed, UVB predominantly caused non-interaction (no-enhancement or additive) effects on γ-radiation-induced antioxidant gene expression, energy quenching in PSII and growth for all dose rates, whereas antagonistic effects were observed for lipid peroxidation, OXPHOS, PCD, oxidative stress, chlorophyll metabolism and genes involved in DNA damage responses. Synergistic effects were observed for changes in photochemical quenching and non-photochemical quenching, and up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme genes (GST) at one or more dose rates, while synergistic reproductive inhibition occurred at all three γ-radiation dose rates. The present study provides mechanistic knowledge, quantitative understanding and novel analytical strategies to decipher combined effects across levels of biological organisation, which should facilitate future cumulative hazard assessments of multiple stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Karina Petersen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Økernveien 94, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Ziyadi S, Iddar A, Kabine M, El Mzibri M, Moutaouakkil A. Changes in Growth, Morphology, and Physiology of Tetrahymena pyriformis Exposed to Continuous Cesium-137 and Cobalt-60 Gamma-Radiation. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:61. [PMID: 34982197 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of gamma-radiation on Tetrahymena pyriformis. The experimental approach consists of exposing T. pyriformis growing in presence of Cesium-137 (137Cs) at dose rates of 1, 2, 4, and 6 cGy h-1 and Cobalt-60 (60Co) at dose rates of 8, 10, 15, and 20 cGy h-1. The radiation doses effects on growth, morphology, some metabolic enzymes, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers have been evaluated. When cells were growing in irradiating conditions at dose rates beyond 4 cGy h-1, a decreasing of cells and generation numbers with a prolongation of generation time and a change of morphological aspect with rounding-off of cells were observed compared to the control. The 50%-inhibitory dose (ID50) for radiation was estimated at 1568.72 ± 158.45 cGy. The gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1, affected both glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase by inhibiting their activities. All of these effects were more pronounced when cells were irradiated at the dose rate of 20 cGy h-1 using 60Co source. For ROS markers generated by gamma-radiation in T. pyriformis, the results showed an increase of the lipid peroxidation in cells grown in presence of gamma-radiation at dose rates more than 6 cGy h-1 and an enhancement in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities from the dose rate of 1 cGy h-1. These encouraging results suggested the use of T. pyriformis as a unicellular model cell to investigate other aspects of the response to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Ziyadi
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.,Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Kabine
- Health and Environment Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Aïn-Chock, Hassan II University, Km 8 Route d'El Jadida, BP 5366 Mâarif, 20100, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adnane Moutaouakkil
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), BP. 1382 R.P., 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
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Iddar A, El Mzibri M, Moutaouakkil A. Effects of the Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on Pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:244-252. [PMID: 34871139 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2009142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a key enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, can play a physiological regulatory role and vital other roles in metabolism. This study investigated the effects of gamma radiation generated by Cobalt-60 source on GAPDH activity and protein levels in Pichia pastoris as an eukaryotic organism model. MATERIALS AND METHODS After purification of the GAPDH from P. pastoris, in vitro effects of irradiation to the dose of 2 Gy, using Cobalt-60 at the dose rate of 0.25 Gy/min, on activity and kinetic parameters were investigated. In vivo effects of gamma exposition (dose of 5 Gy) on P. pastoris GAPDH and on reactive oxygen species (ROS) markers were also explored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The in vitro irradiation of the purified GAPDH reduces the specific activity and the maximum velocity (Vmax) without alteration of substrates binding (Km). No changes occurred in the specific activity and in kinetic parameters when P. pastoris cells were exposed to Cobalt-60 source. However, this in vivo irradiation of cells produced a significant increase of the GAPDH protein level. The changes of GAPDH activity and the increase of the enzyme population as a target for gamma radiation exposure will play a role in cells adaptation under stress conditions. On the other hand, the increase of malondialdehyde and carbonyl contents and the enhancement of catalase and superoxide dismutase in irradiated cells have been noticed. The antioxidant system can play an important role in the protection of P. pastoris GAPDH against the gamma induced-ROS damage. This is the first report of the P. pastoris GAPDH as a physiological target of gamma exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Iddar
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adnane Moutaouakkil
- Biotechnology and Biomolecules Engineering Unit, Life Sciences Division, National Center for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology (CNESTEN), Rabat, Morocco
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Bodnar IS, Cheban EV. Combined action of gamma radiation and exposure to copper ions on Lemna minor L. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1120-1129. [PMID: 33635160 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1894655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Under natural conditions, the reaction of living organisms to the action of acute gamma radiation depends on other stressors, including heavy metals. The aim of this work was to study changes in morphometric parameters, the content of photoassimilation pigments and the level of oxidative stress in irradiated duckweed at various copper concentrations in the culture medium. MATERIALS AND METHODS As a model organism, we used Lemna minor L. Duckweed was exposed to acute γ-radiation at doses of 18, 42, 63 Gy. After irradiation, the plants were transferred into a medium containing 3, 5, 6.3 μmol/L Cu. On the 4th day of exposure, the levels of chlorophyll, carotenoids, malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured; after 7 days, the specific growth rate, the level of damage, the change in the frond area, copper concentration in plant tissues were determined. RESULTS The action of γ-radiation (18, 42, 63 Gy) and copper ions (3, 5, 6.3 μmol/L) reduced the growth rate, increased the membrane lipid peroxidation, reduced the area of the fronds more significantly than under the separate action of the factors. The factors acted antagonistically on the specific growth rate. The content of copper in the tissues of irradiated plants (42, 63 Gy) increased. CONCLUSION Irradiation of duckweed with acute doses of gamma radiation reduced the resistance of plants to excess copper in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina S Bodnar
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Cheban
- Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
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6
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Płódowska M, Lopez-Riego M, Akuwudike P, Sobota D, Filipek M, Kłosowski M, Kaźmierczak U, Brzozowska B, Baliga A, Lisowska H, Braziewicz J, Olko P, Lundholm L, Wojcik A. Small is beautiful: low activity alpha and gamma sources for small-scale radiation protection research experiments. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:541-552. [PMID: 33395328 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1867925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncertainties regarding the magnitude of health effects following exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation remain a matter of concern both for professionals and for the public. There is consensus within the international radiation research community that more research is required on biological effects of radiation doses below 100 mGy applied at low dose rates. Moreover, there is a demand for increasing education and training of future radiation researchers and regulators. Research, education and training is primarily carried out at universities but university-based radiation research is often hampered by limited access to radiation sources. The aim of the present report is to describe small and cost-effective low activity gamma and alpha sources that can easily be installed and used in university laboratories. METHODS AND RESULTS A gamma radiation source was made from an euxenite-(Y) rock (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6) that was found in an abandoned mine in Sweden. It allows exposing cells grown in culture dishes to radiation at a dose rate of 50 µGy/h and lower. Three alpha sources were custom-made and yield a dose rate of 1 mGy/h each. The construction, dosimetry and cellular effects of the sources are described. CONCLUSIONS We hope that the report will stimulate research and training activities in the low dose field by facilitating access to radiation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milagrosa Lopez-Riego
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pamela Akuwudike
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sobota
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Mateusz Filipek
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
- Heavy Ion Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kłosowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Beata Brzozowska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baliga
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Halina Lisowska
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Olko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lovisa Lundholm
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Garty G, Xu Y, Johnson GW, Smilenov LB, Joseph SK, Pujol-Canadell M, Turner HC, Ghandhi SA, Wang Q, Shih R, Morton RC, Cuniberti DE, Morton SR, Bueno-Beti C, Morgan TL, Caracappa PF, Laiakis EC, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. VADER: a variable dose-rate external 137Cs irradiator for internal emitter and low dose rate studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19899. [PMID: 33199728 PMCID: PMC7670416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the long term, 137Cs is probably the most biologically important agent released in many accidental (or malicious) radiation disasters. It can enter the food chain, and be consumed, or, if present in the environment (e.g. from fallout), can provide external irradiation over prolonged times. In either case, due to the high penetration of the energetic γ rays emitted by 137Cs, the individual will be exposed to a low dose rate, uniform, whole body, irradiation. The VADER (VAriable Dose-rate External 137Cs irradiatoR) allows modeling these exposures, bypassing many of the problems inherent in internal emitter studies. Making use of discarded 137Cs brachytherapy seeds, the VADER can provide varying low dose rate irradiations at dose rates of 0.1 to 1.2 Gy/day. The VADER includes a mouse "hotel", designed to allow long term simultaneous residency of up to 15 mice. Two source platters containing ~ 250 mCi each of 137Cs brachytherapy seeds are mounted above and below the "hotel" and can be moved under computer control to provide constant low dose rate or a varying dose rate mimicking 137Cs biokinetics in mouse or man. We present the VADER design and characterization of its performance over 18 months of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, Box 21, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA.
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Yanping Xu
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, 136 S. Broadway, Box 21, Irvington, NY, 10533, USA
| | - Gary W Johnson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lubomir B Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Simon K Joseph
- David A. Gardner PET Imaging Research Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shanaz A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rompin Shih
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Robert C Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David E Cuniberti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shad R Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Thomas L Morgan
- Environmental Health and Safety, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter F Caracappa
- Environmental Health and Safety, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, 20057, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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8
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Thaulow J, Song Y, Lindeman LC, Kamstra JH, Lee Y, Xie L, Aleström P, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Epigenetic, transcriptional and phenotypic responses in Daphnia magna exposed to low-level ionizing radiation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109930. [PMID: 32738623 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to induce oxidative stress and DNA damage as well as epigenetic effects in aquatic organisms. Epigenetic changes can be part of the adaptive responses to protect organisms from radiation-induced damage, or act as drivers of toxicity pathways leading to adverse effects. To investigate the potential roles of epigenetic mechanisms in low-dose ionizing radiation-induced stress responses, an ecologically relevant crustacean, adult Daphnia magna were chronically exposed to low and medium level external 60Co gamma radiation ranging from 0.4, 1, 4, 10, and 40 mGy/h for seven days. Biological effects at the molecular (global DNA methylation, histone modification, gene expression), cellular (reactive oxygen species formation), tissue/organ (ovary, gut and epidermal histology) and organismal (fecundity) levels were investigated using a suite of effect assessment tools. The results showed an increase in global DNA methylation associated with loci-specific alterations of histone H3K9 methylation and acetylation, and downregulation of genes involved in DNA methylation, one-carbon metabolism, antioxidant defense, DNA repair, apoptosis, calcium signaling and endocrine regulation of development and reproduction. Temporal changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were also observed with an apparent transition from ROS suppression to induction from 2 to 7 days after gamma exposure. The cumulative fecundity, however, was not significantly changed by the gamma exposure. On the basis of the new experimental evidence and existing knowledge, a hypothetical model was proposed to provide in-depth mechanistic understanding of the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in low dose ionizing radiation induced stress responses in D. magna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Thaulow
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Leif C Lindeman
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80177, NL-3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of BioSciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Aleström
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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Maremonti E, Brede DA, Olsen AK, Eide DM, Berg ES. Ionizing radiation, genotoxic stress, and mitochondrial DNA copy-number variation in Caenorhabditis elegans: droplet digital PCR analysis. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 858-860:503277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Maremonti E, Eide DM, Rossbach LM, Lind OC, Salbu B, Brede DA. In vivo assessment of reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress effects induced by chronic exposure to gamma radiation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:583-596. [PMID: 31805397 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, effects of chronic exposure to ionizing gamma radiation were assessed in the radioresistant nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in order to understand whether antioxidant defences (AODs) could ameliorate radical formation, or if increased ROS levels would cause oxidative damage. This analysis was accompanied by phenotypical as well as molecular investigations, via assessment of reproductive capacity, somatic growth and RNA-seq analysis. The use of a fluorescent reporter strain (sod1::gfp) and two ratiometric biosensors (HyPer and Grx1-roGFP2) demonstrated increased ROS production (H2O2) and activation of AODs (SOD1 and Grx) in vivo. The data showed that at dose-rates ≤10 mGy h-1 defence mechanisms were able to prevent the manifestation of oxidative stress. In contrast, at dose-rates ≥40 mGy h-1 the continuous formation of radicals caused a redox shift, which lead to oxidative stress transcriptomic responses, including changes in mitochondrial functions, protein degradation, lipid metabolism and collagen synthesis. Moreover, genotoxic effects were among the most over-represented functions affected by chronic gamma irradiation, as indicated by differential regulation of genes involved in DNA damage, DNA repair, cell-cycle checkpoints, chromosome segregation and chromatin remodelling. Ultimately, the exposure to gamma radiation caused reprotoxic effects, with >20% reduction in the number of offspring per adult hermaphrodite at dose-rates ≥40 mGy h-1, accompanied by the down-regulation of more than 300 genes related to reproductive system, apoptosis, meiotic functions and gamete development and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Maremonti
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Dag Markus Eide
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Lisa M Rossbach
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), 1432 Ås, Norway
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11
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Song Y, Xie L, Lee Y, Brede DA, Lyne F, Kassaye Y, Thaulow J, Caldwell G, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Integrative assessment of low-dose gamma radiation effects on Daphnia magna reproduction: Toxicity pathway assembly and AOP development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135912. [PMID: 31846819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High energy gamma radiation is potentially hazardous to organisms, including aquatic invertebrates. Although extensively studied in a number of invertebrate species, knowledge on effects induced by gamma radiation is to a large extent limited to the induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage at the molecular/cellular level, or survival, growth and reproduction at the organismal level. As the knowledge of causal relationships between effects occurring at different levels of biological organization is scarce, the ability to provide mechanistic explanation for observed adverse effects is limited, and thus development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and larger scale implementation into next generation hazard and risk predictions is restricted. The present study was therefore conducted to assess the effects of high-energy gamma radiation from cobalt-60 across multiple levels of biological organization (i.e., molecular, cellular, tissue, organ and individual) and characterize the major toxicity pathways leading to impaired reproduction in the model freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea). Following gamma exposure, a number of bioassays were integrated to measure relevant toxicological endpoints such as gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), neutral lipid storage, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, apoptosis, ovary histology and reproduction. A non-monotonic pattern was consistently observed across the levels of biological organization, albeit with some variation at the lower end of the dose-rate scale, indicating a complex response to radiation doses. By integrating results from different bioassays, a novel pathway network describing the key toxicity pathways involved in the reproductive effects of gamma radiation were proposed, such as DNA damage-oocyte apoptosis pathway, LPO-ATP depletion pathway, calcium influx-endocrine disruption pathway and DNA hypermethylation pathway. Three novel AOPs were proposed for oxidative stressor-mediated excessive ROS formation leading to reproductive effect, and thus introducing the world's first AOPs for non-chemical stressors in aquatic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Biosciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Fern Lyne
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Yetneberk Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jens Thaulow
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 OSLO, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
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12
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Lind OC, Tschiersch J, Salbu B. Nanometer-micrometer sized depleted uranium (DU) particles in the environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:106077. [PMID: 31677431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Depleted uranium (DU) is a waste product from uranium enrichment that has several civilian and military applications. Significant amounts of DU in the form of particles or as fragments have been released into the environment as a consequence of military use of DU munitions, of industrial releases and of aircraft accidents. Thus, the present paper summarizes present knowledge on nanometer-micrometer sized depleted uranium (DU) particles collected in areas contaminated with such particles. Analysis of DU particles released to the environment has shown that uranium can be present in different crystalline structures and in different oxidation states. The weathering rates of DU particles and the subsequent remobilization of uranium species are also strongly connected to the oxidation state and crystalline phases of uranium, influencing the mobility and potential ecosystem transfer. Therefore, as has been observed for radioactive particles released from most nuclear events, the characteristics of DU particles can be linked to the source term and the release scenario as well as to environmental transformation processes. Although the radiation dose and radiotoxicity of DU is less than from natural occurring uranium, the mobility of U from oxidized DU and the associated chemical toxicity could be significantly higher than from natural UO2. The present paper summarizes present knowledge on depleted uranium particles identified in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Christian Lind
- CERAD CoE Environmental Radioactivity, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433, Aas, Norway.
| | - Jochen Tschiersch
- Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Brit Salbu
- CERAD CoE Environmental Radioactivity, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1433, Aas, Norway
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13
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Maremonti E, Eide DM, Oughton DH, Salbu B, Grammes F, Kassaye YA, Guédon R, Lecomte-Pradines C, Brede DA. Gamma radiation induces life stage-dependent reprotoxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via impairment of spermatogenesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133835. [PMID: 31425988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated life stage, tissue and cell dependent sensitivity to ionizing radiation of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that irradiation of post mitotic L4 stage larvae induced no significant effects with respect to mortality, morbidity or reproduction at either acute dose ≤6 Gy (1500 mGy·h-1) or chronic exposure ≤15 Gy (≤100 mGy·h-1). In contrast, chronic exposure from the embryo to the L4-young adult stage caused a dose and dose-rate dependent reprotoxicity with 43% reduction in total brood size at 6.7 Gy (108 mGy·h-1). Systematic irradiation of the different developmental stages showed that the most sensitive life stage was L1 to young L4. Exposure during these stages was associated with dose-rate dependent genotoxic effects, resulting in a 1.8 to 2 fold increase in germ cell apoptosis in larvae subjected to 40 or 100 mGy·h-1, respectively. This was accompanied by a dose-rate dependent reduction in the number of spermatids, which was positively correlated to the reprotoxic effect (0.99, PCC). RNAseq analysis of nematodes irradiated from L1 to L4 stage revealed a significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes related to both male and hermaphrodite reproductive processes. Gene network analysis revealed effects related to down-regulation of genes required for spindle formation and sperm meiosis/maturation, including smz-1, smz-2 and htas-1. Furthermore, the expression of a subset of 28 set-17 regulated Major Sperm Proteins (MSP) required for spermatid production was correlated (R2 0.80) to the reduction in reproduction and the number of spermatids. Collectively these observations corroborate the impairment of spermatogenesis as the major cause of gamma radiation induced life-stage dependent reprotoxic effect. Furthermore, the progeny of irradiated nematodes showed significant embryonal DNA damage that was associated with persistent effect on somatic growth. Unexpectedly, these nematodes maintained much of their reproductive capacity in spite of the reduced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Maremonti
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Dag M Eide
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, 0456 Oslo, Norway
| | - Deborah H Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Fabian Grammes
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Faculty of Biosciences (BIOVIT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Yetneberk A Kassaye
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Rémi Guédon
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
| | - Catherine Lecomte-Pradines
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SERIS, Laboratoire d'ECOtoxicologie des radionucléides (LECO), Cadarache, France
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Ås, Norway
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14
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Blagojevic D, Lee Y, Brede DA, Lind OC, Yakovlev I, Solhaug KA, Fossdal CG, Salbu B, Olsen JE. Comparative sensitivity to gamma radiation at the organismal, cell and DNA level in young plants of Norway spruce, Scots pine and Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTA 2019; 250:1567-1590. [PMID: 31372744 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent DNA damage in gamma-exposed Norway spruce, Scots pine and Arabidopsis thaliana, but persistent adverse effects at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers only. Gamma radiation emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources may have strong negative impact on plants, especially at high dose rates. Although previous studies implied different sensitivity among species, information from comparative studies under standardized conditions is scarce. In this study, sensitivity to gamma radiation was compared in young seedlings of the conifers Scots pine and Norway spruce and the herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana by exposure to 60Co gamma dose rates of 1-540 mGy h-1 for 144 h, as well as 360 h for A. thaliana. Consistent with slightly less prominent shoot apical meristem, in the conifers growth was significantly inhibited with increasing dose rate ≥ 40 mGy h-1. Post-irradiation, the conifers showed dose-rate-dependent inhibition of needle and root development consistent with increasingly disorganized apical meristems with increasing dose rate, visible damage and mortality after exposure to ≥ 40 mGy h-1. Regardless of gamma duration, A. thaliana showed no visible or histological damage or mortality, only delayed lateral root development after ≥ 100 mGy h-1 and slightly, but transiently delayed post-irradiation reproductive development after ≥ 400 mGy h-1. In all species dose-rate-dependent DNA damage occurred following ≥ 1-10 mGy h-1 and was still at a similar level at day 44 post-irradiation. In conclusion, the persistent DNA damage (possible genomic instability) following gamma exposure in all species may suggest that DNA repair is not necessarily mobilized more extensively in A. thaliana than in Norway spruce and Scots pine, and the far higher sensitivity at the organismal and cellular level in the conifers indicates lower tolerance to DNA damage than in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Blagojevic
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - YeonKyeong Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Igor Yakovlev
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Brit Salbu
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jorunn E Olsen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
- Centre of Environmental Radioactivity (CERAD), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432, Ås, Norway.
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15
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Blagojevic D, Lee Y, Xie L, Brede DA, Nybakken L, Lind OC, Tollefsen KE, Salbu B, Solhaug KA, Olsen JE. No evidence of a protective or cumulative negative effect of UV-B on growth inhibition induced by gamma radiation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1945-1962. [PMID: 31305802 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient UV-B radiation may prime protective responses towards various stressors in plants, though information about interactive effects of UV-B and gamma radiation is scarce. Here, we aimed to test whether UV-B exposure could prime acclimatisation mechanisms contributing to tolerance to low-moderate gamma radiation levels in Scots pine seedlings, and concurrently whether simultaneous UV-B and gamma exposure may have an additive adverse effect on seedlings that had previously not encountered either of these stressors. Responses to simultaneous UV-B (0.35 W m-2) and gamma radiation (10.2-125 mGy h-1) for 6 days with or without UV-B pre-exposure (0.35 W m-2, 4 days) were studied across various levels of organisation, as compared to effects of either radiation type. In contrast to UV-B, and regardless of UV-B presence, gamma radiation at ≥42.9 mGy h-1 caused increased formation of reactive oxygen species and reduced shoot length, and reduced root length at 125 mGy h-1. In all experiments there was a gamma dose rate-dependent increase in DNA damage at ≥10.8 mGy h-1, generally with additional UV-B-induced damage. Gamma-induced growth inhibition and gamma- and UV-B-induced DNA damage were still visible 44 days post-irradiation, even at 20.7 mGy h-1, probably due to genomic instability, but this was reversed after 8 months. In conclusion, there was no evidence of a protective effect of UV-B on gamma-induced growth inhibition and DNA damage in Scots pine, and no additive adverse effect of gamma and UV-B radiation on growth in spite of the additional UV-B-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Blagojevic
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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Xie L, Solhaug KA, Song Y, Brede DA, Lind OC, Salbu B, Tollefsen KE. Modes of action and adverse effects of gamma radiation in an aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 680:23-34. [PMID: 31085442 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High dose rates of ionizing radiation have been reported to cause adverse effects such as reduction in reproduction and growth, and damage to protein and lipids in primary producers. However, the relevant effects of ionizing radiation are still poorly understood in aquatic plants. This study was intended to characterize the biological effects and modes of action (MoAs) of ionizing radiation using gamma radiation as the prototypical stressor and duckweed Lemna minor as a model organism. Lemna minor was exposed to 1, 14, 24, 46, 70 mGy/h gamma radiation dose rates from a cobalt-60 source for 7 days following the testing principles of the OECD test guideline 221. A suite of bioassays was applied to assess the biological effects of gamma radiation at multiple levels of biological organization, including detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress responses (total glutathione, tGSH; lipid peroxidation, LPO), DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunctions (mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP), photosynthetic parameters (chlorophyll a, chl a; chlorophyll b, chl b; carotenoids; Photosystem II (PSII) performance; CO2 uptake), intercellular signaling (Ca2+ release) and growth. Gamma radiation increased DNA damage, tGSH level and Ca2+ content together with reduction in chlorophyll content, maximal PSII efficiency and CO2 uptake at dose rates between 1 and 14 mGy/h, whereas increases in cellular ROS and LPO, inhibition of MMP and growth were observed at higher dose rates (≥24 mGy/h). A network of toxicity pathways was proposed to portray the causal relationships between gamma radiation-induced physiological responses and adverse outcomes to support the development of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) for ionizing radiation-mediated effects in primary producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xie
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Knut Asbjørn Solhaug
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - You Song
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Dag Anders Brede
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Christian Lind
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Tollefsen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management (MINA), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Centre for Environmental Radioactivity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Post box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway.
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17
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Hansen EL, Lind OC, Oughton DH, Salbu B. A framework for exposure characterization and gamma dosimetry at the NMBU FIGARO irradiation facility. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:82-89. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1539878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. L. Hansen
- Department of Radiation Applications, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway
- CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioacitvity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - O. C. Lind
- CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioacitvity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - D. H. Oughton
- CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioacitvity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - B. Salbu
- CERAD Center of Excellence in Environmental Radioacitvity, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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