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Yadav U, Bhat NN, Mungse US, Shirsath KB, Joshi M, Sapra BK. G 0-PCC-FISH derived multi-parametric biodosimetry methodology for accidental high dose and partial body exposures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16103. [PMID: 38997265 PMCID: PMC11245508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High dose radiation exposures are rare. However, medical management of such incidents is crucial due to mortality and tissue injury risks. Rapid radiation biodosimetry of high dose accidental exposures is highly challenging, considering that they usually involve non uniform fields leading to partial body exposures. The gold standard, dicentric assay and other conventional methods have limited application in such scenarios. As an alternative, we propose Premature Chromosome Condensation combined with Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization (G0-PCC-FISH) as a promising tool for partial body exposure biodosimetry. In the present study, partial body exposures were simulated ex-vivo by mixing of uniformly exposed blood with unexposed blood in varying proportions. After G0-PCC-FISH, Dolphin's approach with background correction was used to provide partial body exposure dose estimates and these were compared with those obtained from conventional dicentric assay and G0-PCC-Fragment assay (conventional G0-PCC). Dispersion analysis of aberrations from partial body exposures was carried out and compared with that of whole-body exposures. The latter was inferred from a multi-donor, wide dose range calibration curve, a-priori established for whole-body exposures. With the dispersion analysis, novel multi-parametric methodology for discerning the partial body exposure from whole body exposure and accurate dose estimation has been formulated and elucidated with the help of an example. Dose and proportion dependent reduction in sensitivity and dose estimation accuracy was observed for Dicentric assay, but not in the two PCC methods. G0-PCC-FISH was found to be most accurate for the dose estimation. G0-PCC-FISH has potential to overcome the shortcomings of current available methods and can provide rapid, accurate dose estimation of partial body and high dose accidental exposures. Biological dose estimation can be useful to predict progression of disease manifestation and can help in pre-planning of appropriate & timely medical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Yadav
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Nagesh N Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Utkarsha S Mungse
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Kapil B Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Manish Joshi
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Balvinder K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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2
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Ghandhi SA, Morton SR, Shuryak I, Lee Y, Soni RK, Perrier JR, Bakke J, Gahagan J, Bujold K, Authier S, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ, Nishita D, Chang P, Turner HC. Longitudinal multi-omic changes in the transcriptome and proteome of peripheral blood cells after a 4 Gy total body radiation dose to Rhesus macaques. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:139. [PMID: 36944971 PMCID: PMC10031949 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09230-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primates, such as Rhesus macaques, are a powerful model for studies of the cellular and physiological effects of radiation, development of radiation biodosimetry, and for understanding the impact of radiation on human health. Here, we study the effects of 4 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) at the molecular level out to 28 days and at the cytogenetic level out to 56 days after exposure. We combine the global transcriptomic and proteomic responses in peripheral whole blood to assess the impact of acute TBI exposure at extended times post irradiation. RESULTS The overall mRNA response in the first week reflects a strong inflammatory reaction, infection response with neutrophil and platelet activation. At 1 week, cell cycle arrest and re-entry processes were enriched among mRNA changes, oncogene-induced senescence and MAPK signaling among the proteome changes. Influenza life cycle and infection pathways initiated earlier in mRNA and are reflected among the proteomic changes during the first week. Transcription factor proteins SRC, TGFβ and NFATC2 were immediately induced at 1 day after irradiation with increased transcriptional activity as predicted by mRNA changes persisting up to 1 week. Cell counts revealed a mild / moderate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) reaction to irradiation with expected lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia that resolved within 30 days. Measurements of micronuclei per binucleated cell levels in cytokinesis-blocked T-lymphocytes remained high in the range 0.27-0.33 up to 28 days and declined to 0.1 by day 56. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we show that the TBI 4 Gy dose in NHPs induces many cellular changes that persist up to 1 month after exposure, consistent with damage, death, and repopulation of blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shad R. Morton
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Rajesh K. Soni
- Proteomics and Macromolecular Crystallography Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, NY New York, 10032 USA
| | - Jay R. Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - James Bakke
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Janet Gahagan
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Kim Bujold
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Simon Authier
- Charles River Laboratory, 445 Armand-Grappier Blvd, (QC) H7V 4B3 Laval, Canada
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Denise Nishita
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Polly Chang
- Biosciences Division, SRI, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630, W 168th street, VC11-237, New York, NY 10032 USA
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3
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Dainiak N, Albanese J, Kaushik M, Balajee AS, Romanyukha A, Sharp TJ, Blakely WF. CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS FOR A US DOSIMETRY AND BIODOSIMETRY NETWORK. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:130-138. [PMID: 30726970 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The USA must be prepared to provide a prompt, coordinated and integrated response for radiation dose and injury assessment for suspected radiation exposure, whether it involves isolated cases or mass casualties. Dose estimation for radiation accidents typically necessitates a multiple parameter diagnostics approach that includes clinical, biological and physical dosimetry to provide an early-phase radiation dose. A US Individual Dosimetry and Biodosimetry Network (US-IDBN) will increase surge capacity for civilian and military populations in a large-scale incident. The network's goal is to leverage available resources and provide an integrated biodosimetry capability, using multiple parameter diagnostics. Initial operations will be to expand an existing functional integration of two cytogenetic biodosimetry laboratories by developing Standard Operating Procedures, cross-training laboratorians, developing common calibration curves, supporting inter-comparison exercises and obtaining certification to process clinical samples. Integration with certified commercial laboratories will increase surge capacity to meet the needs of a mass-casualty incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dainiak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Albanese
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Meetu Kaushik
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PO Box 117, MS 39, Oak Ridge TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Thad J Sharp
- Naval Dosimetry Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD 20889, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 4555 South Palmer Road, Bldg. 42, Bethesda MD 20889-5648, USA
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4
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Ryan TL, Pantelias AG, Terzoudi GI, Pantelias GE, Balajee AS. Use of human lymphocyte G0 PCCs to detect intra- and inter-chromosomal aberrations for early radiation biodosimetry and retrospective assessment of radiation-induced effects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216081. [PMID: 31059552 PMCID: PMC6502328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A sensitive biodosimetry tool is required for rapid individualized dose estimation and risk assessment in the case of radiological or nuclear mass casualty scenarios to prioritize exposed humans for immediate medical countermeasures to reduce radiation related injuries or morbidity risks. Unlike the conventional Dicentric Chromosome Assay (DCA), which takes about 3–4 days for radiation dose estimation, cell fusion mediated Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC) technique in G0 lymphocytes can be rapidly performed for radiation dose assessment within 6–8 hrs of sample receipt by alleviating the need for ex vivo lymphocyte proliferation for 48 hrs. Despite this advantage, the PCC technique has not yet been fully exploited for radiation biodosimetry. Realizing the advantage of G0 PCC technique that can be instantaneously applied to unstimulated lymphocytes, we evaluated the utility of G0 PCC technique in detecting ionizing radiation (IR) induced stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations for biodosimetry purposes. Our study demonstrates that PCC coupled with mFISH and mBAND techniques can efficiently detect both numerical and structural chromosome aberrations at the intra- and inter-chromosomal levels in unstimulated T- and B-lymphocytes. Collectively, we demonstrate that the G0 PCC technique has the potential for development as a biodosimetry tool for detecting unstable chromosome aberrations (chromosome fragments and dicentric chromosomes) for early radiation dose estimation and stable chromosome exchange events (translocations) for retrospective monitoring of individualized health risks in unstimulated lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri L. Ryan
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Antonio G. Pantelias
- Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia I. Terzoudi
- Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriel E. Pantelias
- Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Ag. Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Adayabalam S. Balajee
- Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Laboratory, Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Guerrero-Carbajal C, Romero-Aguilera I, Arceo-Maldonado C, Gonzalez-Mesa JE, Cortina-Ramirez GE, Garcia-Lima O. Dose response of prematurely condensed chromosome rings after gamma irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:607-610. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1566677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Omar Garcia-Lima
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones (CPHR), La Habana, Cuba
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6
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Rawojć K, Miszczyk J, Możdżeń A, Swakoń J, Sowa-Staszczak A. Evaluation of the premature chromosome condensation scoring protocol after proton and X-ray irradiation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes at high doses range. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:996-1005. [PMID: 30295106 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1490038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY One of the main difficulties in radiation dose assessment is cells inability to reach mitosis after exposure to acute radiation. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) has become an important method used in biological dosimetry in case of exposure to high doses. Various ways to induce PCC including mitotic cells fusion, chemical stimulation with calyculin A or okadaic acid give wide spectrum of application. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of drug-induced PCC scoring procedure by testing 2 experimental modes where 150 and 75 G2/M-PCC phase cells were analyzed after exposure to high dose proton and X-ray radiation. Another aim is to determine the differences in cellular response induced by proton and photon radiation using a HPBL in vitro model as a further extension of our previous studies involving doses up to 4.0 Gy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total body exposure was simulated by irradiating whole blood collected from a healthy donor. Whole blood samples were exposed to two radiation types: 60 MeV protons and 250 kVp X-rays in the dose range of 5.0-20.0 Gy, the dose rate for protons was 0.075 and 0.15 Gy/s for X-rays. Post 48 h of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) culture, calyculin A was added. After Giemsa staining, chromosome spreads were photographed and manually analyzed by scorers in the G2/M-PCC phase. In order to check the consistency of obtained results all scorers followed identical scoring criteria. Additionally, PCC index kinetics was evaluated for first 500 cells scored. CONCLUSIONS Here we provide a different method of results analysis. Presented dose-response curves were obtained by calculating the value of counted excess chromosome fragments. The results indicated that obtained dose estimates as adequate in the high dose range till 18.0 Gy for both studied radiation types, giving an opportunity to further improve PCC assay procedure and shorten the analysis time i.e. in case of partial-body exposure. Moreover, the study presents preliminary results of HPBL cellular response after proton irradiation at high doses range showing differences of PCC index kinetics for different cell classes and cell distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rawojć
- a Department of Endocrinology , Nuclear Medicine Unit, The University Hospital , Kraków , Poland
| | - J Miszczyk
- b Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems , Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - A Możdżeń
- b Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems , Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - J Swakoń
- c Proton Radiotherapy Group, Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences , Kraków , Poland
| | - A Sowa-Staszczak
- a Department of Endocrinology , Nuclear Medicine Unit, The University Hospital , Kraków , Poland.,d Chair and Department of Endocrinology , Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Kraków , Poland
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7
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Nongrum S, Vaiphei ST, Keppen J, Ksoo M, Kashyap E, Sharan RN. Identification and Preliminary Validation of Radiation Response Protein(s) in Human Blood for a High-throughput Molecular Biodosimetry Technology for the Future. Genome Integr 2017; 8:5. [PMID: 28250912 PMCID: PMC5320788 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of a rapid and high-throughput technology for radiation biodosimetry has been a great obstacle in our full preparedness to cope with large-scale radiological incidents. The existing cytogenetic technologies have limitations, primarily due to their time-consuming methodologies, which include a tissue culture step, and the time required for scoring. This has seriously undermined its application in a mass casualty scenario under radiological emergencies for timely triage and medical interventions. Recent advances in genomics and proteomics in the postgenomic era have opened up new platforms and avenues to discover molecular biomarkers for biodosimetry in the future. Using a genomic-to-proteomic approach, we have identified a basket of twenty “candidate” radiation response genes (RRGs) using DNA microarray and tools of bioinformatics immediately after ex vivo irradiation of freshly drawn whole blood of consenting and healthy human volunteers. The candidate RRGs have partially been validated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR or qPCR) to identify potential “candidate” RRGs at mRNA level. Two potential RRGs, CDNK1A and ZNF440, have so far been identified as genes with potentials to form radiation response proteins in liquid biopsy of blood, which shall eventually form the basis of fluorescence- or ELISA-based quantitative immunoprobe assay for a high-throughput technology of molecular biodosimetry in the future. More work is continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saibadaiahun Nongrum
- Present Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, St. Anthony's College, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - S Thangminlal Vaiphei
- Present Affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh, Rajasthan, India
| | - Joshua Keppen
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Mandahakani Ksoo
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Ettrika Kashyap
- Post-graduate Intern/Trainee from St. Anthony's College, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
| | - Rajesh N Sharan
- Radiation and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, India
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Neronova EG. Construction of Calibration Curve for Premature Chromosome Condensation Assay for Dose Assessment. Genome Integr 2016; 7:9. [PMID: 28217285 PMCID: PMC5292911 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.197166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytogenetic dosimetry plays an important role in the triage and medical management of affected people in radiological incidents/accidents. Cytogenetic biodosimetry uses different methods to estimate the absorbed dose in the exposed individuals, and each approach has its advantages and disadvantages. Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay presents several advantages that hopefully fulfill the gaps identified in the other cytogenetic methods. To introduce this technique into the panel of other cytogenetic methods, a calibration curve for PCC after γ-irradiation was generated for our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta G Neronova
- Laboratory of the Genetical Research and Biodosimetry, Nikiforov Russian Center for Emergency and Radiation Medicine (EMERCOM of Russia), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Rungsimaphorn B, Rerkamnuaychoke B, Sudprasert W. Establishment of Dose-response Curves for Dicentrics and Premature Chromosome Condensation for Radiological Emergency Preparedness in Thailand. Genome Integr 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 28217284 PMCID: PMC5292913 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.197165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro dose calibration curves using conventional biological dosimetry – dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) and premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay – were performed for the first time in Thailand for reconstruction of radiation dose in the exposed individuals. The peripheral blood lymphocyte samples from healthy donors were irradiated with 137Cs source at a dose rate of 0.652 Gy/min to doses of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 Gy for DCA technique, and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 Gy for PCC technique. The blood samples were cultured and processed following the standard procedure as prescribed in the International Atomic Energy Agency report with slight modifications. The yield of dicentrics with dose from at least 1000 metaphases or 100 dicentrics was fitted to a linear quadratic model using Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software (CABAS, version 2.0) whereas those of PCC rings with dose from 100 rings was fitted to a linear quadratic equation at doses from 0 to 15 Gy. These curves will be useful for in vitro dose reconstruction and can support the preparedness for overexposure to radiation among public or occupational workers and eventual radiological accident in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchawan Rungsimaphorn
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Rerkamnuaychoke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanwisa Sudprasert
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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10
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Terzoudi GI, Pantelias G, Darroudi F, Barszczewska K, Buraczewska I, Depuydt J, Georgieva D, Hadjidekova V, Hatzi VI, Karachristou I, Karakosta M, Meschini R, M'Kacher R, Montoro A, Palitti F, Pantelias A, Pepe G, Ricoul M, Sabatier L, Sebastià N, Sommer S, Vral A, Zafiropoulos D, Wojcik A. Dose assessment intercomparisons within the RENEB network using G 0-lymphocyte prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC assay). Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:48-57. [PMID: 27813725 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1234725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dose assessment intercomparisons within the RENEB network were performed for triage biodosimetry analyzing G0-lymphocyte PCC for harmonization, standardization and optimization of the PCC assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comparative analysis among different partners for dose assessment included shipment of PCC-slides and captured images to construct dose-response curves for up to 6 Gy γ-rays. Accident simulation exercises were performed to assess the suitability of the PCC assay by detecting speed of analysis and minimum number of cells required for categorization of potentially exposed individuals. RESULTS Calibration data based on Giemsa-stained fragments in excess of 46 PCC were obtained by different partners using galleries of PCC images for each dose-point. Mean values derived from all scores yielded a linear dose-response with approximately 4 excess-fragments/cell/Gy. To unify scoring criteria, exercises were carried out using coded PCC-slides and/or coded irradiated blood samples. Analysis of samples received 24 h post-exposure was successfully performed using Giemsa staining (1 excess-fragment/cell/Gy) or centromere/telomere FISH-staining for dicentrics. CONCLUSIONS Dose assessments by RENEB partners using appropriate calibration curves were mostly in good agreement. The PCC assay is quick and reliable for whole- or partial-body triage biodosimetry by scoring excess-fragments or dicentrics in G0-lymphocytes. Particularly, analysis of Giemsa-stained excess PCC-fragments is simple, inexpensive and its automation could increase throughput and scoring objectivity of the PCC assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia I Terzoudi
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Gabriel Pantelias
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Firouz Darroudi
- b Leiden University Medical Centre , Department of Toxicogenetics , Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Barszczewska
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | | | - Julie Depuydt
- d Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiteit Gent , Gent , Belgium
| | - Dimka Georgieva
- e National Center for Radiobiology and Radiation Protection , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Valeria Hadjidekova
- e National Center for Radiobiology and Radiation Protection , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Vasiliki I Hatzi
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Ioanna Karachristou
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Karakosta
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Roberta Meschini
- f Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences , University of Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Radhia M'Kacher
- g PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay , France
| | - Alegria Montoro
- h Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Fabrizio Palitti
- f Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences , University of Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Antonio Pantelias
- a National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos" , Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics Laboratory , Athens , Greece
| | - Gaetano Pepe
- f Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences , University of Tuscia , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Michelle Ricoul
- g PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay , France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- g PROCyTOX, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, Université Paris-Saclay , France
| | | | - Sylwester Sommer
- c Institut of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anne Vral
- d Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Universiteit Gent , Gent , Belgium
| | | | - Andrzej Wojcik
- j Stockholm University, Institute Molecular Biosciences , Stockholm , Sweden.,k Institute for Biology, Jan Kochanowski University , Kielce , Poland
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11
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Detection and Automated Scoring of Dicentric Chromosomes in Nonstimulated Lymphocyte Prematurely Condensed Chromosomes After Telomere and Centromere Staining. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 91:640-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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12
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Suto Y, Gotoh T, Noda T, Akiyama M, Owaki M, Darroudi F, Hirai M. Assessing the applicability of FISH-based prematurely condensed dicentric chromosome assay in triage biodosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 108:371-376. [PMID: 25627950 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) has been regarded as the gold standard of radiation biodosimetry. The assay, however, requires a 2-d peripheral blood lymphocyte culture before starting metaphase chromosome analyses to estimate biological doses. Other biological assays also have drawbacks with respect to the time needed to obtain dose estimates for rapid decision on the correct line of medical treatment. Therefore, alternative technologies that suit requirements for triage biodosimetry are needed. Radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks in G0 lymphocytes can be detected as interphase chromosome aberrations by the cell fusion-mediated premature chromosome condensation (PCC) method. The method, in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques, has been proposed in early studies as a powerful tool for obtaining biological dose estimates without 2-d lymphocyte culture procedures. The present work assesses the applicability of FISH-based PCC techniques using pan-centromeric and telomeric peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes in triage mode biodosimetry and demonstrates that an improved rapid procedure of the prematurely condensed dicentric chromosome (PCDC) assay has the potential for evaluating exposed radiation doses in as short as 6 h after the collection of peripheral blood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Suto
- *Research Center for Radiation Emergency Medicine, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; †Radiation Emergency Medical Assistance Team, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan; ‡Department of Health Sciences, University College of North Atlantic, Doha, State of Qatar
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13
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Sullivan JM, Prasanna PGS, Grace MB, Wathen L, Wallace RL, Koerner JF, Coleman CN. Assessment of biodosimetry methods for a mass-casualty radiological incident: medical response and management considerations. HEALTH PHYSICS 2013; 105:540-54. [PMID: 24162058 PMCID: PMC3810609 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e31829cf221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear disaster, effective medical triage has the potential to save tens of thousands of lives. In order to best use the available scarce resources, there is an urgent need for biodosimetry tools to determine an individual's radiation dose. Initial triage for radiation exposure will include location during the incident, symptoms, and physical examination. Stepwise triage will include point of care assessment of less than or greater than 2 Gy, followed by secondary assessment, possibly with high throughput screening, to further define an individual's dose. Given the multisystem nature of radiation injury, it is unlikely that any single biodosimetry assay can be used as a standalone tool to meet the surge in capacity with the timeliness and accuracy needed. As part of the national preparedness and planning for a nuclear or radiological incident, the authors reviewed the primary literature to determine the capabilities and limitations of a number of biodosimetry assays currently available or under development for use in the initial and secondary triage of patients. Understanding the requirements from a response standpoint and the capability and logistics for the various assays will help inform future biodosimetry technology development and acquisition. Factors considered include: type of sample required, dose detection limit, time interval when the assay is feasible biologically, time for sample preparation and analysis, ease of use, logistical requirements, potential throughput, point-of-care capability, and the ability to support patient diagnosis and treatment within a therapeutically relevant time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M. Sullivan
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow, Washington DC
| | - Pataje G. S. Prasanna
- Radia on Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Marcy B. Grace
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Lynne Wathen
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Rodney L. Wallace
- Biomedical Advanced Research & Development Authority, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - John F. Koerner
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - C. Norman Coleman
- Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
- Radia on Research Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Rapid assessment of high-dose radiation exposures through scoring of cell-fusion-induced premature chromosome condensation and ring chromosomes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 757:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Manning G, Rothkamm K. Deoxyribonucleic acid damage-associated biomarkers of ionising radiation: current status and future relevance for radiology and radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2013; 86:20130173. [PMID: 23659923 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic and therapeutic radiation technology has developed dramatically in recent years, and its use has increased significantly, bringing clinical benefit. The use of diagnostic radiology has become widespread in modern society, particularly in paediatrics where the clinical benefit needs to be balanced with the risk of leukaemia and brain cancer increasing after exposure to low doses of radiation. With improving long-term survival rates of radiotherapy patients and the ever-increasing use of diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures, concern has risen over the long-term risks and side effects from such treatments. Biomarker development in radiology and radiotherapy has progressed significantly in recent years to investigate the effects of such use and optimise treatment. Recent biomarker development has focused on improving the limitations of established techniques by the use of automation, increasing sensitivity and developing novel biomarkers capable of quicker results. The effect of low-dose exposure (0-100 mGy) used in radiology, which is increasingly linked to cancer incidences, is being investigated, as some recent research challenges the linear-no-threshold model. Radiotherapy biomarkers are focused on identifying radiosensitive patients, determining the treatment-associated risk and allowing for a tailored and more successful treatment of cancer patients. For biomarkers in any of these areas to be successfully developed, stringent criteria must be applied in techniques and analysis of data to reduce variation among reports and allow data sets to be accurately compared. Newly developed biomarkers can then be used in combination with the established techniques to better understand and quantify the individual biological response to exposures associated with radiology tests and to personalise treatment plans for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manning
- Biological Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, UK.
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16
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Hérodin F, Richard S, Grenier N, Arvers P, Gérome P, Baugé S, Denis J, Chaussard H, Gouard S, Mayol JF, Agay D, Drouet M. Assessment of total- and partial-body irradiation in a baboon model: preliminary results of a kinetic study including clinical, physical, and biological parameters. HEALTH PHYSICS 2012; 103:143-149. [PMID: 22951472 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182475e54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This biodosimetry study used irradiated baboons to investigate the efficacy of a kinetic multiparameter (clinical, physical, and biological) approach for discriminating partial-body irradiation (PBI) and total-body irradiation (TBI). Animals were unilaterally (front) exposed to 60Co gamma rays (8 to 32 cGy min) using either TBI or vertical left hemi-body irradiation (HBI), as follows: 2.5 Gy TBI (n = 2), 5 Gy TBI (n = 2), 5 Gy HBI (n = 2), and 10 Gy HBI (n = 2). Midline tissue doses were measured at the anterior iliac crest level with an ionization chamber, and body dosimetry was performed using thermoluminescent dosimeters. Blood samples were collected before exposure and from 1 h until 200 d after irradiation. Clinical status, complete blood cell count, biochemical parameters, and cytogenetic analysis were evaluated. The partial least square discriminant analysis chosen for statistical analysis showed that the four groups of irradiated baboons were clearly separated. However, the dicentric chromosome assay may not distinguish HBI from TBI in confounding situations where equivalent whole-body doses are similar and the time of exposure is sufficient for peripheral blood lymphocyte homogenization. Interestingly, as bone marrow shielding in HBI animals prevented aplasia from happening, hematologic parameters such as the platelet count and Flt-3 ligand level helped to distinguish HBI and TBI. Moreover, the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts, creatine kinase, and citrulline levels may be discriminating biomarkers of dose or injury. Both early and delayed clinical signs and bioindicators appear to be useful for assessment of heterogeneous irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Hérodin
- Department of Radiobiology, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, La Tronche, France.
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17
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Miura T, Blakely WF. Optimization of calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation assay for chromosome aberration studies. Cytometry A 2011; 79:1016-22. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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18
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Ainsbury EA, Bakhanova E, Barquinero JF, Brai M, Chumak V, Correcher V, Darroudi F, Fattibene P, Gruel G, Guclu I, Horn S, Jaworska A, Kulka U, Lindholm C, Lloyd D, Longo A, Marrale M, Monteiro Gil O, Oestreicher U, Pajic J, Rakic B, Romm H, Trompier F, Veronese I, Voisin P, Vral A, Whitehouse CA, Wieser A, Woda C, Wojcik A, Rothkamm K. Review of retrospective dosimetry techniques for external ionising radiation exposures. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2011; 147:573-92. [PMID: 21183550 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The current focus on networking and mutual assistance in the management of radiation accidents or incidents has demonstrated the importance of a joined-up approach in physical and biological dosimetry. To this end, the European Radiation Dosimetry Working Group 10 on 'Retrospective Dosimetry' has been set up by individuals from a wide range of disciplines across Europe. Here, established and emerging dosimetry methods are reviewed, which can be used immediately and retrospectively following external ionising radiation exposure. Endpoints and assays include dicentrics, translocations, premature chromosome condensation, micronuclei, somatic mutations, gene expression, electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, optically stimulated luminescence, neutron activation, haematology, protein biomarkers and analytical dose reconstruction. Individual characteristics of these techniques, their limitations and potential for further development are reviewed, and their usefulness in specific exposure scenarios is discussed. Whilst no single technique fulfils the criteria of an ideal dosemeter, an integrated approach using multiple techniques tailored to the exposure scenario can cover most requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ainsbury
- Centre for Radiation, Health Protection Agency, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK.
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19
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Lamadrid AI, González JE, García O, Voisin P, Roy L. Prematurely condensed chromosome rings after neutron irradiation of human lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:531-535. [PMID: 21811043 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calibration curves for fission spectrum neutrons and other high LET radiations are scarce in cytogenetic dosimetry and particularly for Prematurely Condensed Chromosome Rings (PCC-ring). Here we analyzed the behavior of the PCC-ring frequency and PCC index after neutron irradiation in a broad dose interval from 1 to 26 Gy. PCC-rings were induced in lymphocytes with Calyculin A. 6455 PCC cells in G1, G2/M and M/A stages were analyzed. The best fitting between the frequency of PCC ring (Y) and the Dose (D) was obtained with the equation Y = (0.059 ± 0.003) D. The saturation of the PCC-ring was observed after around 4 Gy, but it was still possible to analyze cells exposed up to 26 Gy. The distribution of rings by cell follows Poisson or Neyman type distribution for all doses. This PCC-ring dose effect curve can be used in case of accidental overexposure to neutron radiation, allowing a dose assessment in a reliable way. Additionally, the PCC index seems to be well correlated with radiation dose and decrease in a dose dependent manner from 13% in non exposed sample down to 0.2%. This observation allows the possibility to perform a quick classification of victims exposed to high doses of both gamma and neutron radiations. The PCC assay can then be used for both neutron dose estimation up to 4 Gy and for the rapid classification of victims exposed to higher doses. This assay could be included in the multiparametric approach developed to optimize the medical treatment of radiation victims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Lamadrid
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba.
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20
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Biodosimetry for high dose accidental exposures by drug induced premature chromosome condensation (PCC) assay. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 699:11-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Lamadrid AI, García O, Delbos M, Voisin P, Roy L. PCC-ring induction in human lymphocytes exposed to gamma and neutron irradiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2007; 48:1-6. [PMID: 17102580 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In case of an accidental overexposure to ionizing radiation where the dose received by the victim is over 5 Gy, the conventional biological indicator of dose, the dicentric assay, does not provide an accurate enough dose measurement. A more appropriate technique is to measure ring chromosomes in stimulated lymphocytes. Dose-effect relationships were obtained by plotting the frequencies of Premature Chromosome Condensation (PCC)-rings in PCC lymphocytes obtained by chemical induction with Calyculin A in vitro, irradiated with doses between 5 to 25 Gy. Cells were exposed either to neutron or to gamma rays and the corresponding dose effect curves are presented in this paper for the first time in literature. For the elaboration of these curves, 9 675 PCC cells in G1 G2 and M/A stages were analysed. The results were fitted to a lineal model in gamma irradiation up to 25 Gy. For neutron irradiation the data was fitted to a lineal model up to 10 Gy, and then dose saturation was observed. In conclusion, with this technique it is possible to set up dose effect curves up to 25 or 10 Gy according to the gamma or neutron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Lamadrid
- Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones, La Habana, Cuba
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22
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Jansen JTM, Broerse JJ, Zoetelief J, Klein C, Seegenschmiedt HM. Estimation of the carcinogenic risk of radiotherapy of benign diseases from shoulder to heel. Radiother Oncol 2006; 76:270-7. [PMID: 16157402 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2005.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Revised: 06/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To estimate risk on fatal tumour induction in patients by radiotherapy of benign diseases at various body sites, including heterotopic ossification, omarthritis, gonarthrosis, heel spurs and hidradenitis suppurativa. MATERIAL AND METHODS The carcinogenic risk is estimated by applying the effective dose concept from the ICRP with the average risk factor of 10% per Sv for high dose and high dose rate. Although, the concept of effective dose for the present study has limitations, its use is considered acceptable for a fairly rough risk estimate. The organ doses are calculated using a Monte Carlo radiation transport code and anthropomorphic mathematical phantoms. Special risk modifying factors like patient's age at exposure and gender are taken into account. RESULTS For the treatment of heterotopic ossification, omarthritis, gonarthrosis, heel spurs and hidradenitis suppurativa the effective dose is in the range of 5-400 mSv. For an average-aged population, the estimated number of radiation-induced fatal tumours due to these treatments is assessed to be between 0.5 and 40 persons per 1000 patients treated. At higher ages the risks are reduced. CONCLUSIONS The range of effective doses found for the various types of treatment at various body sites is large. There are several possibilities to optimise the treatment protocols resulting in reduced effective doses and related radiation risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Th M Jansen
- Radiation Technology-Medical Physics, Interfaculty Reactor Institute, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
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Blakely WF, Salter CA, Prasanna PGS. Early-response biological dosimetry--recommended countermeasure enhancements for mass-casualty radiological incidents and terrorism. HEALTH PHYSICS 2005; 89:494-504. [PMID: 16217193 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000175913.36594.a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The effective medical management of a suspected acute radiation overexposure incident necessitates recording dynamic medical data, measuring appropriate radiation bioassays, and estimating dose from dosimeters and radioactivity assessments in order to provide diagnostic information to the treating physician and a dose assessment for personnel radiation protection records. The accepted generic multiparameter and early-response approach includes measuring radioactivity and monitoring the exposed individual; observing and recording prodromal signs/symptoms and erythema; obtaining complete blood counts with white blood cell differential; sampling blood for the chromosome-aberration cytogenetic bioassay using the "gold standard" dicentric assay (translocation assay for long times after exposure) for dose assessment; bioassay sampling, if appropriate, to determine radioactivity contamination; and using other available dosimetry approaches. In the event of a radiological mass-casualty incident, current national resources need to be enhanced to provide suitable dose assessment and medical triage and diagnoses. This capability should be broadly based and include stockpiling reagents and devices; establishing deployable (i.e., hematology and biodosimetry) laboratories and reference (i.e., cytogenetic biodosimetry, radiation bioassay) laboratories; networking qualified reference radioactivity-counting bioassay laboratories, cytogenetic biodosimetry, and deployable hematology laboratories with the medical responder community and national radiation protection program; and researching efforts to identify novel radiation biomarkers and develop applied biological dosimetry assays monitored with clinical, deployable, and hand-held analytical systems. These research and applied science efforts should ultimately contribute towards approved, regulated biodosimetry devices or diagnostic tests integrated into a national radioprotection program.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Blakely
- Biological Dosimetry Team, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA.
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Bezrookove V, Smits R, Moeslein G, Fodde R, Tanke HJ, Raap AK, Darroudi F. Premature chromosome condensation revisited: a novel chemical approach permits efficient cytogenetic analysis of cancers. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 38:177-86. [PMID: 12939745 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical induction of premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was investigated and optimized to be able to analyze the chromosomal constitution of cancer cells independent of mitosis and with minimal culture artifacts. A potent protein phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A, was used to induce PCC in normal diploid cells, in several established human tumor cell lines, and in cells isolated from freshly dissected adenomatous polyps of a patient with hereditary colorectal cancer. In parallel, mitotic arrest was pursued by use of Colcemid. In cell lines, a difference of up to 10-fold was found between frequency of cells with PCC induced by calyculin A (PCC index) and the mitotic index after treatment with Colcemid. In the fresh tumor specimens, Colcemid failed to result in metaphase formation, whereas a regimen of 80 nM calyculin A for 75 min, after only 2 days of culturing, resulted in a PCC index of 2-5%. pq-COBRA-FISH (COmbined Binary RAtio labeling-fluorescence in situ hybridization) was used for a detailed analysis of four cell lines treated with calyculin A, which proved that PCC spreads are amenable to molecular karyotyping, and a comparison between PCC spreads and metaphases from mitotic arrest revealed no discrepancies in karyotypes. pq-COBRA-FISH on PCC spreads from fresh colon tumor samples revealed only numerical and no structural abnormalities. Calyculin A-induced PCC combined with multicolor FISH gives a new opportunity for analysis of the chromosomal constitution of G(1) and G(2) cancer cells and may find application in the study of the role of chromosome instability in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Bezrookove
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Duran A, Barquinero JF, Caballín MR, Ribas M, Puig P, Egozcue J, Barrios L. Suitability of FISH painting techniques for the detection of partial-body irradiations for biological dosimetry. Radiat Res 2002; 157:461-8. [PMID: 11893249 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2002)157[0461:sofptf]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood was irradiated with 2, 3, 4 or 5 Gy of X rays and was mixed with nonirradiated blood at five different dilutions to simulate partial-body irradiations. Analysis by FISH was performed using whole-chromosome painting probes for chromosomes 1, 4 and 11 in combination with a pancentromeric probe. Chromosome aberrations affecting the painted fraction were classified according to the PAINT nomenclature; other unstable aberrations affecting the unpainted material were also recorded. To evaluate the suitability of painting for dose assessment in partial-body irradiations, the ability of the u test and a proposed s test to detect the expected overdispersion and the similarity between the real doses and the doses estimated using Dolphin's approach were considered. For short-term biodosimetry, compared with solid-stained dicentric analyses, the suitability of FISH painting techniques for the detection of partial-body exposures is reduced, because of the decrease in the frequency of aberrations detected by FISH and in the number of cells with two or more aberrations. For reconstruction of past doses, when only complete apparently simple translocations in cells free of unstable aberrations were considered, the detection of the overdispersion and the accuracy of dose estimations were dramatically reduced. In a partial-body exposure, as the original dose increased, the whole-body dose estimated a long time after irradiation would tend to be lower, and the difference from the original dose would tend to be greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duran
- Unitat d'Antropologia, Dpt. Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Amundson SA, Bittner M, Meltzer P, Trent J, Fornace AJ. Biological indicators for the identification of ionizing radiation exposure in humans. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2001; 1:211-9. [PMID: 11901816 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.1.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
While the effects of acute high-dose irradiation are well-documented, less is known about the effects of low level chronic radiation exposure. Physical dosimetry cannot always be relied upon, so dose estimates and determination of past radiation exposure must often be based upon biological indicators. Some of the established methods used in the assessment of nuclear accidents are reviewed here, including cytogenetic analyses, mutation-based assays and electron spin resonance. As interest in research on low-level radiation exposures expands, there is an increasing need for new biomarkers that can identify exposed individuals in human populations. Developments in high-throughput gene expression profiling may enable future development of a rapid and noninvasive testing method for application to potentially exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Amundson
- NIH, National Cancer Institute, 37 Convent Dr., Bldg. 37, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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