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Faustino MG, Monteiro LR, Lima SRM, Carvalho da Silva TBDS, Pirani DA, Dos Reis Pedreira Filho W, Gonzaga RG, Cotrim MEB, Pires MAF. Contamination characteristics in runoff fractions from a nuclear facility in São Paulo, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1293. [PMID: 37821781 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The stormwater runoff may act as a nonpoint pollutant source and contributes to aquatic ecosystem quality decay in urban environments. The aim of this work was to evaluate the runoff characteristics on the transport of total solids and total metals, as well as pH and conductivity responses during the rainfall evolution. During 2017 and 2018, 12 rain events were monitored in 4 sampling stations at a car parking lot located at Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN) in São Paulo/Brazil. A 4-chamber integrated collector allowed the sequential/temporal runoff evolution assessment. The runoff composition, in decreasing order of quantities, was Ca > K > Mg > Si > Al > Fe > Na > Zn > Mn > Sr > Ti > Mo > V > Cu > B > Pb > Ni > Ce > Sb > Cr > La > U > Th > Cd. The amount of total solids, Al, and Fe exceeded the Brazilian water quality standards. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified the elemental clusters linked to the facility activity, soil, and traffic/atmospheric-related deposition. The results show that the runoff characteristics could be differentiated by pollutant source. Factors such as seasonal variation, rain event intensity, air mass from oceanic or continental origin, spatial distribution inside the monitoring area, and the intensity of the first flush must be considered in order to disentangle the elemental clusters and pollution source contributions. In winter, continental air masses were associated with higher concentrations of heavy metals in the surface runoff. Spatial changes with no seasonal variation were observed for U, Th, La, and Ce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainara Generoso Faustino
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sâmia Rafaela Maracaípe Lima
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Almeida Pirani
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Walter Dos Reis Pedreira Filho
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina Do Trabalho (Fundacentro), São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05409-002, Brazil
| | - Roberta Granja Gonzaga
- Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina Do Trabalho (Fundacentro), São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05409-002, Brazil
| | - Marycel Elena Barboza Cotrim
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Faustino Pires
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, São Paulo-SP, CEP, 05508-000, Brazil
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Finish N, Ramos P, Borojovich EJC, Zeiri O, Amar Y, Gottlieb M. Zeolite performance in removal of multicomponent heavy metal contamination from wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131784. [PMID: 37315415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of heavy metal pollutants from wastewater by ion-exchange sorbents requires knowledge and understanding of the interplay between the adsorption patterns of the different components. The present study elucidates the simultaneous adsorption characteristics of six toxic heavy metal cations (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Zn2+) by two synthetic (13X and 4 A) and one natural (clinoptilolite) zeolite from solutions containing equimolar mixtures of the six metals. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms and equilibration dynamics were obtained by ICP-OES and complemented by EDXRF. An order of magnitude lower adsorption efficiency was exhibited by clinoptilolite (maximum of 0.12 mmol ions/g zeolite), relative to that obtained by the synthetic zeolites 13X and 4 A (a maximum of 2.9 and 1.65 mmol ions/g zeolite respectively). The strongest affinities to both zeolites were demonstrated by Pb2+ and Cr3+ (1.5 and 0.85 mmol/g zeolite respectively for 13X, and 0.8 and 0.4 mmol/g zeolite respectively for 4 A adsorbed from the highest solution concentration). The weakest affinities were observed by Cd2+ (0.1 mmol/g for both zeolites), Ni2+ (0.2 and 0.1 mmol/g for 13X and 4 A respectively), and Zn2+ (0.1 mmol/g for both zeolites). Large differences were observed between the two synthetic zeolites in terms of their equilibration dynamics and adsorption isotherms. Pronounced maxima were displayed in the adsorption isotherms for zeolites 13X and 4 A. The decline in adsorption of the weaker adsorbing ions with the increase in total solution concentration was attributed to the thermodynamic equilibrium between the ions adsorbed on the zeolite surface and those in the solution. Regeneration by 3 M KCL eluting solution resulted in considerable reduction in adsorption capacities following each desorption cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Finish
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Pia Ramos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Eitan J C Borojovich
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; Nuclear Research Center - Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8490101, Israel.
| | - Offer Zeiri
- Nuclear Research Center - Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8490101, Israel
| | - Yair Amar
- Nuclear Research Center - Negev, PO Box 9001, Beer Sheva 8490101, Israel
| | - Moshe Gottlieb
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel.
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An Investigation of Stormwater Quality Variation within an Industry Sector Using the Self-Reported Data Collected under the Stormwater Monitoring Program. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Storm runoff pollutants are among the major sources of surface water impairments, globally. Despite several monitoring programs and guidance on stormwater management practices, there are many streams still impaired by urban runoff. This study evaluates an industry sector’s pollutant discharge characteristics using the self-reported data collected under Tennessee Multi Sector Permit program. The stormwater pollutant discharge characteristics were analyzed from 2014 to 2018 for an industry sector involving twelve facilities in West Tennessee, USA. The data analysis revealed the presence of both organic and inorganic contaminants in stormwater samples collected at all twelve industrial facilities, with the most common metals being magnesium, copper, and aluminum. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to better understand the correlation between water quality parameters, their origins, and seasonal variations. Furthermore, the water quality indexes (WQIs) were calculated to evaluate the stormwater quality variations among studied facilities and seasons. The results demonstrated slight variations in stormwater WQIs among the studied facilities ranging from “Bad” to “Medium” quality. The lowest seasonal average WQI was found for spring compared to the other seasons. Certain limitations associated with the self-reported nature of data were identified to inform the decision makers regarding the required future changes.
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Luís de Sá Salomão A, Hauser-Davis RA, Marques M. Critical knowledge gaps and relevant variables requiring consideration when performing aquatic ecotoxicity assays. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110941. [PMID: 32678749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing diversity and complexity of contaminants released in the environment continuously lead to new challenges when applying ecotoxicity assays. This paper comprises a review concerning exposure assessment and highlights important variables that should be taken into account when investigating aquatic media toxicity under both laboratory or field conditions. Thus, to reflect as much as possible what occurs in nature, ecotoxicity assays must carefully consider these variables in their experimental design. This includes contaminant properties, the selected bioindicators and biomarkers, the dose mode/regime, concentration vs. load, exposure to single vs. multiple contaminants and exposure of single vs. multiple species. Many of these, however, are not usually taken into account, leading to critical knowledge gaps in this area, discussed in detail herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luís de Sá Salomão
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcia Marques
- Rio de Janeiro State University - UERJ, Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 5024E, CEP 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Hou X, Chen L, Wei G, Gong Y, Shen Z. Factors affecting microbial and physico-chemical pollutants in stormwater in a typical Chinese urban catchment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1697-1707. [PMID: 30288511 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of microbial pollution characteristics is needed for stormwater reuse and development of microorganism simulations in urban stormwater. This study investigated the discharge characteristics of faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliforms) in urban runoff by field sampling both the underlying surfaces and the stormwater pipe outlet. Faecal coliform contamination in urban runoff was found to be frequent, and the highest instantaneous concentration reached 2.42 × 106 MPN/100 ml. Faecal coliforms did not show a consistent first flush effect amongst the different surfaces sampled, and this was exacerbated under rainfall events with high intensity. PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and GAIA (Geometrical Analysis for Interactive Aid) analyses were further applied to explore the ranking of pollutants, the relationship among the pollutants, and the factors affecting the contamination in cases of multiple underlying surfaces, multiple pollutants and rainfall events. For the pollutants of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the road sample contamination was significantly higher than on the roof surfaces. No such trend in ranking of faecal coliforms was observed. Rainfall depth and intensity were found to have a significant influence on stormwater contamination by physico-chemical pollutants, while having a somewhat smaller influence on faecal coliform contamination. Faecal coliform contamination is closely associated with the index related to the antecedent dry period. The average temperature and average relative humidity also showed a positive relationship with faecal coliform contamination. The effects of antecedent dry period duration on contamination of physico-chemical pollutants and faecal coliform are completely opposite. Antecedent dry period duration was positively related to the contamination of physico-chemical pollutants, but negatively related to faecal coliform contamination. Therefore, three variables, i.e., antecedent dry period duration, average temperature and average relative humidity, might be used to model the survival/die-off of faecal coliform during the antecedent dry period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 100875.
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Blondeel E, De Wandel S, Florin R, Hugelier S, Chys M, Depuydt V, Folens K, Du Laing G, Verliefde A, Van Hulle SWH. Physical-chemical treatment of rainwater runoff in recovery and recycling companies: lab-scale investigation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2251-2265. [PMID: 28792277 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1354074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scrap material recovery and recycling companies are producing wastewater in which common pollutants (such as COD, nutrients and suspended solids), toxic metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) frequently can exceed the discharge limits. Lab-scale optimisation of different possible physical-chemical treatment techniques was performed on the wastewater originating from three different companies in view of further testing at pilot-scale testing and implementation at full-scale. The lab-scale tests demonstrate that sedimentation or hydrocyclone treatment as stand-alone technique cannot be used for proper treatment of this type of wastewater. Dual bed filtration or coagulation/flocculation proved to be more promising with removal efficiencies of about 71-95% (dual bed filtration) and 61-97% (coagulation/flocculation) for the above-mentioned pollutants (metals, PAH and PCB).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Blondeel
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - S De Wandel
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
- b Flanders Knowledge Centre Water (Vlakwa vzw) , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - R Florin
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - S Hugelier
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - M Chys
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
- c BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , B-Gent , Belgium
| | - V Depuydt
- b Flanders Knowledge Centre Water (Vlakwa vzw) , Kortrijk , Belgium
| | - K Folens
- d Ecochem, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - G Du Laing
- d Ecochem, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - A Verliefde
- e PaInT, Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - S W H Van Hulle
- a LIWET, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences , Ghent University , Kortrijk , Belgium
- c BIOMATH, Department of Mathematical Modelling, Statistics and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , B-Gent , Belgium
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Pawluk K, Fronczyk J. Evaluation of single and multilayered reactive zones for heavy metals removal from stormwater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1576-1583. [PMID: 25496055 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.997299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the ability of granular activated carbon (GAC), silica spongolite (SS) and zeolite (Z) to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions has been investigated through column tests. The breakthrough times for a mobile tracer that does not sorb to the material for SS, GAC and layered SS, Z and GAC were as follows: 2.54×10(4) s, 2.38×10(4) s and 3.02×10(4) s. The breakthrough time (tbR) for Ni was in the range from tbR=1.70×10(6) s for SS, through tbR=3.98×10(5) s for the layered bed, to tbR=8.75×10(5) s for GAC. The breakthrough time for Cd was in the range from tbR=1.83×10(5) s for GAC to tbR=1.30×10(6) s for SS, Z, GAC. During the experiment, the concentration of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the solution from a column filled with construction aggregate and the concentration of Pb, and Cu in a filtrate from the column filled with several materials was close to zero. The reduction in metal ions removal was due to high pH values of the solution (above 8.00). In addition, during the testing period, an increase in Cd and Zn concentrations in the filtrate from the column filled with the layered bed was observed, but at the end of the experiment the concentrations did not reach the maximum values. The test results suggest that the multilayered permeable reactive barrier is the most effective technology for long time effective removal of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pawluk
- a Department of Geotechnical Engineering , Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW , Warsaw , Poland
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Egemose S, Sønderup MJ, Grudinina A, Hansen AS, Flindt MR. Heavy metal composition in stormwater and retention in ponds dependent on pond age, design and catchment type. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:959-969. [PMID: 25262998 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.970584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals have toxic effects on flora and fauna in the aquatic environments and are of great concern in stormwater. Heavy metal runoff was studied in 37 stormwater ponds in Denmark with varying heavy metal load, catchment type and pond design. The studied metals were Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Zn. The concentrations varied considerably depending on the catchment type, with the highest concentrations coming from industrial areas and the lowest from uncultivated and rural areas. Ponds can effectively remove heavy metals in particulate forms through sedimentation processes, but the dissolved forms are more difficult to retain. The removal efficiency in the ponds varied considerably, with the highest retention of Pb, Ni and Zn due to higher particulate fraction. The retention increased with increased pond volume-to-reduced catchment area ratio. In addition, the pond age affected the efficiency; whereas ponds less than 1-2 years efficiently removed all metals, 30-40-year-old ponds only removed Pb, Ni and Zn, but steeply decreasing over the years. Physical parameters such as pond size, age and sedimentation patterns were found to play a more significant role in the removal compared with chemical parameters such as pH, oxygen and organic matter. Input of metals to the ponds was reflected in the sediment content, but not significantly for all heavy metals probably due to low or varying retention caused by mineralization and re-suspension. The heavy metal concentration in the outlets was reduced to non-toxic levels, except for Cu and Cr at a few study sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Egemose
- a Department of Biology , University of Southern Denmark , Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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Hedberg YS, Hedberg JF, Herting G, Goidanich S, Odnevall Wallinder I. Critical review: Copper runoff from outdoor copper surfaces at atmospheric conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1372-1381. [PMID: 24359256 DOI: 10.1021/es404410s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This review on copper runoff dispersed from unsheltered naturally patinated copper used for roofing and facades summarizes and discusses influencing factors, available literature, and predictive models, and the importance of fate and speciation for environmental risk assessment. Copper runoff from outdoor surfaces is predominantly governed by electrochemical and chemical reactions and is highly dependent on given exposure conditions (size, inclination, geometry, degree of sheltering, and orientation), surface parameters (age, patina composition, and thickness), and site-specific environmental conditions (gaseous pollutants, chlorides, rainfall characteristics (amount, intensity, pH), wind direction, temperature, time of wetness, season). The corrosion rate cannot be used to assess the runoff rate. The extent of released copper varies largely between different rain events and is related to dry and wet periods, dry deposition prior to the rain event and prevailing rain and patina characteristics. Interpretation and use of copper runoff data for environmental risk assessment and management need therefore to consider site-specific factors and focus on average data of long-term studies (several years). Risk assessments require furthermore that changes in copper speciation, bioavailability aspects, and potential irreversible retention on solid surfaces are considered, factors that determine the environmental fate of copper runoff from outdoor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda S Hedberg
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, Drottning Kristinas väg 51, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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Speak AF, Rothwell JJ, Lindley SJ, Smith CL. Metal and nutrient dynamics on an aged intensive green roof. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 184:33-43. [PMID: 24017999 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Runoff and rainfall quality was compared between an aged intensive green roof and an adjacent conventional roof surface. Nutrient concentrations in the runoff were generally below Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) values and the green roof exhibited NO3(-) retention. Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were in excess of EQS values for the protection of surface water. Green roof runoff was also significantly higher in Fe and Pb than on the bare roof and in rainfall. Input-output fluxes revealed the green roof to be a potential source of Pb. High concentrations of Pb within the green roof soil and bare roof dusts provide a potential source of Pb in runoff. The origin of the Pb is likely from historic urban atmospheric deposition. Aged green roofs may therefore act as a source of legacy metal pollution. This needs to be considered when constructing green roofs with the aim of improving pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Speak
- Geography, School of Environment and Development, The University of Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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