1
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Zhou X, Arslan M, Liu Z, Li D, Xi H, Feng Y, Li S, Wei J, Rong X, Liang Z, Wang X, Wu Z, Gamal El-Din M. Low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio digestate from high-rate anaerobic baffled reactor facilitates heterotrophic/autotrophic nitrifiers involved in nitrogen removal. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127346. [PMID: 35605776 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, baffled anaerobic-aerobic reactors (AOBRs) with modified basalt fiber (MBF) carriers and felt were used to treat domestic wastewater (DWW). The influent was first treated in anaerobic compartments, with the NH4+-N containing digestate refluxed into aerobic compartment for nitrification. The nitrified liquid was channeled to the anaerobic compartments for further denitrification. Under optimal conditions, AOBR with MBF carriers could remove 91% chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 81% total nitrogen (TN), with biomass production increased by 7.6%, 4.5% and 8.7% in three successive anaerobic compartments compared to the control. Biological viability analysis showed that live cells outnumbered dead cells in bio-nests. Metagenomics analysis showed that multiple metabolic pathways accounted for nitrogen conversion in anaerobic and aerobic compartments. More importantly, low COD/TN ratio digestate facilitated heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HN-AD) species growth in aerobic compartment. This study provides a promising strategy to source treatment of DWW from urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtong Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Arslan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Haipeng Xi
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Shanwei Li
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xinshan Rong
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhishui Liang
- School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhiren Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Mohamed Gamal El-Din
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Alleviating the membrane fouling potential of the denitrification filter effluent by regulating the COD/N ratio and carbon source in the process of wastewater reclamation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Bai S, Xi B, Li X, Wang Y, Yang J, Li S, Zhao X. Anaerobic digestion of chicken manure: Sequences of chemical structures in dissolved organic matter and its effect on acetic acid production. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113245. [PMID: 34265661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of chicken manure (CM) leads to serious environmental pollution due to the existence of bacteria and insect pests. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the important technologies of CM treatment. However, methane production is limited by the accumulation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from AD. Therefore, the study explored the possible formation mechanism of acetic acid by understanding the effect of sequences of chemical structure variation in DOM on acetic acid production. The chemical structures of DOM were observed. The tyrosine-like substances (C1, 53.53-29.99%) and humic-like substances (C3, 18.38-5.96%) showed a tendency to decrease. Tryptophan-like substances (C2, 28.09-64.04%) showed the increasing trend. The results indicated that C2 was unwilling to biodegrade. In DOM, the order of biodegradability was C2< C1< C3. AD resulted in the enrichment of N-H in-plane (0-22.75%) and COO- stretch (7.53-18.57%) and the loss of O-H stretch (19.39-13.72%), C-H stretch (4.56%-0), CC stretch (12.04-9.61%) and C-O stretch (10.02-5.03%). Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy is applied to investigate the sequences of chemical structures in DOM, the order is as follows: CC stretch > COO- stretch > N-H in-plane > C-O stretch. The result confirmed that protein was rapidly decomposed and utilized, which would result in the increase of microorganism metabolism and hydrolysis rate, polysaccharide was hydrolyzed to form phenol and carboxylic acid. Four possible pathways were identified in AD by the structural equation model. C1and hydroxyl can promote propionic and butyric acid formation by the pathway of valeric or iso-butyric acid production and further effected acetic acid production. This study proposed the possible formative mechanisms of acetic acid according to sequences of chemical structures variation in DOM during AD, which can provide the theoretical basis for directional regulating the conversion of different chemical structures of DOM into acetic acid in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China; Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, 300387, China
| | - Jinjin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
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4
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Xiao W, Xu G, Li G. Effect of nanobubble application on performance and structural characteristics of microbial aggregates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142725. [PMID: 33069472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein an investigation on the performance and structural properties with aspects of stability, composition, functional group, and three-dimensional distribution were approached to evaluate the influence of nanobubble aeration to the two most common microbial aggregates, activated sludge and biofilm. This study found that applying nanobubble effectively provided extra oxygen for microbial aggregates and achieved a 10.58% improvement in total nitrogen removal. The structure of microbial aggregates was enhanced, where extracellular protein and polysaccharides respectively increased as maximum as 3.40 and 1.70 times in biofilm and activated sludge, accompanied by the development of activated sludge floc size and the thickness of biofilm. Further investigation on extracellular polymeric substance and surface of microbial aggregates showed the composition of functional substances of microbial aggregates were shifted by the application of nanobubble, especially the oxygen-sensitive ones. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging visualized that the nanobubble changed the morphology of biofilm to a more evenly one. However, an adaptive process was more needed for activated sludge rather than biofilm, it suggested application of NB optimized the distribution of functional microorganisms in-depth and the metabolism pathway of them by accelerating the structure development of microbial aggregates, especially for biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Xiao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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5
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Li Q, Song W, Sun M, Li J, Yu Z. Response of Bacillus vallismortis sp. EPS to exogenous sulfur stress/ induction and its adsorption performance on Cu(II). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126343. [PMID: 32155492 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition of EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances) produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. and its adsorption performance on typical heavy metal were studied under Na2S stress/induction at different concentrations. Its structure was characterized by three-dimensional fluorescence spectrogram (3D-EEM), infrared spectrum (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that, when the Na2S stress/induction intensity was 20 mg/L, the protein concentration was nearly doubled compared with Control-EPS (EPS produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. without exogenous sulfur stress); furthermore, the 3D-EEM results also demonstrated that there was an increase in the protein content, with the -SH content reaching 154.36 μmol/L, which was 48.2% higher than before stress (104.15 μmol/L). Under this condition, S-EPS (EPS produced by Bacillus vallismortis sp. stressed by exogenous sulfur) exhibited the best adsorption effect on Cu(II), with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity reaching 1428.57 mg/g EPS. FTIR and XPS analyses revealed that the -SH, CO, N-H played a major role in the adsorption of Cu(II); among those, -SH played a key role. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) by S-EPS was correlated with the content of sulfhydryl protein; indeed, the exogenous sulfur stress/induction can effectively regulate the chemical composition of EPS and improve its adsorption performance, which can be crucial in the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhua Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weifeng Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mengge Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zefeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering of Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Turan NB, Chormey DS, Sari Erkan H, Caglak A, Saral M, Bakirdere S, Engin GO. Preliminary study testing the effects of tea and coffee on sludge characteristics and N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone in an MBR system. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2085-2095. [PMID: 30513046 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1555612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) are rapidly developing systems widely used for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater prior to their discharge into the environment. Membrane fouling is the most important challenge in MBRs, because it negatively affects membrane performance, resulting in low permeate flux, higher transmembrane pressure and frequent membrane cleaning/replacement. In this study, the effect of tea and coffee on sludge characteristics, membrane fouling and the bacterial signalling molecule N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) in a membrane bioreactor system were investigated. For this purpose, four different continuously operated membrane bioreactors, treating synthetic domestic wastewater and dairy wastewater were operated in parallel under the same conditions. The results indicated that the soluble microbial products (SMP) and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the reactors showed similar trends for both synthetic domestic and dairy wastewater, where protein levels were higher than carbohydrate levels. Other parameters such as floc size, zeta potential, hydrophobicity, sludge volume index and capillary suction time were also analysed prior to and after the addition of coffee and tea. Analysis of the wastewater samples by GC-MS revealed that coffee and tea significantly enhance the extraction efficiency of C4-HSL. The results obtained in this study can serve as a good basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bakaraki Turan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dotse Selali Chormey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hanife Sari Erkan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Caglak
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Saral
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakirdere
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Jaroszuk-Ściseł J, Nowak A, Komaniecka I, Choma A, Jarosz-Wilkołazka A, Osińska-Jaroszuk M, Tyśkiewicz R, Wiater A, Rogalski J. Differences in Production, Composition, and Antioxidant Activities of Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) Obtained from Cultures of Endophytic Fusarium culmorum Strains with Different Effects on Cereals. Molecules 2020; 25:E616. [PMID: 32019268 PMCID: PMC7037457 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolymeric substances (EPS) can determine plant-microorganism interactions and have great potential as bioactive compounds. The different amounts of EPS obtained from cultures of three endophytic Fusarium culmorum strains with different aggressiveness-growth promoting (PGPF), deleterious (DRMO), and pathogenic towards cereal plants-depended on growth conditions. The EPS concentrations (under optimized culture conditions) were the lowest (0.2 g/L) in the PGPF, about three times higher in the DRMO, and five times higher in the pathogen culture. The EPS of these strains differed in the content of proteins, phenolic components, total sugars, glycosidic linkages, and sugar composition (glucose, mannose, galactose, and smaller quantities of arabinose, galactosamine, and glucosamine). The pathogen EPS exhibited the highest total sugar and mannose concentration. FTIR analysis confirmed the β configuration of the sugars. The EPS differed in the number and weight of polysaccharidic subfractions. The EPS of PGPF and DRMO had two subfractions and the pathogen EPS exhibited a subfraction with the lowest weight (5 kDa). The three EPS preparations (ethanol-precipitated EP, crude C, and proteolysed P) had antioxidant activity (particularly high for the EP-EPS soluble in high concentrations). The EP-EPS of the PGPF strain had the highest antioxidant activity, most likely associated with the highest content of phenolic compounds in this EPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Artur Nowak
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Adam Choma
- Department of Genetic and Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (I.K.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Jarosz-Wilkołazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Monika Osińska-Jaroszuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
| | - Renata Tyśkiewicz
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska St. 2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Adrian Wiater
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (R.T.); (A.W.)
| | - Jerzy Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.-W.); (M.O.-J.); (J.R.)
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8
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Huang J, Yi K, Zeng G, Shi Y, Gu Y, Shi L, Yu H. The role of quorum sensing in granular sludge: Impact and future application: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124310. [PMID: 31344626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process widely exist in bacteria, which refers to the cell-cell communication through secretion and sensing the specific chemical signal molecules named autoinducers. This review demonstrated recent research progresses on the specific impacts of signal molecules in the granular sludge reactors, such corresponding exogenous strategies contained the addition of QS signal molecules, QS-related enzymes and bacteria associated with QS process. Accordingly, the correlation between QS signaling molecule content and sludge granulation (including the formation and stability) was assumed, the comprehensive conclusion elucidated that some QS signals (acyl-homoserine lactone and Autoinducer 2) can accelerate the growth of particle diameter, the production of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), microbial adhesion and change the microbiome structure. But diffusable signal factor (DSF) acted as a significant disincentive to the formation and stability of GS. As a result, it deserved serious attention on the value and role of QS signals in the GS. This review attempts to illuminate the potential method for addressing the main bottleneck: to accelerate the formation of granules and keep the high stability of GS for a long-term reactor. Therefore, review discussed the possible trends of GS: QS and intercellular/intracellular signaling which can lay a theoretical foundation for mechanism of GS formation and stability, would be of practical significance for further application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Kaixin Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China.
| | - Yahui Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Yanling Gu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Lixiu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Hanbo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control, Hunan University, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
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Ajao V, Millah S, Gagliano MC, Bruning H, Rijnaarts H, Temmink H. Valorization of glycerol/ethanol-rich wastewater to bioflocculants: recovery, properties, and performance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:273-280. [PMID: 31078987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) were produced in two membrane bioreactors, each separately treating fresh and saline synthetic wastewater (consisting of glycerol and ethanol), with the purpose of applying them as sustainable bioflocculants. The reactors were operated under nitrogen-rich (COD/N ratios of 5 and 20) and limited (COD/N ratios of 60 and 100) conditions. Under both conditions, high COD removal efficiencies of 87-96% were achieved. However, nitrogen limitation enhanced EPS production, particularly the polysaccharide fraction. The maximum EPS recovery (g EPS-COD/g CODinfluent) from the fresh wastewater was 54% and 36% recovery was obtained from the saline (30 g NaCl/L) wastewater. The biopolymers had molecular weights up to 2.1 MDa and anionic charge densities of 2.3-4.7 meq/g at pH 7. Using kaolin clay suspensions, high flocculation efficiencies of 85-92% turbidity removal were achieved at EPS dosages below 0.5 mg/g clay. Interestingly, EPS produced under saline conditions proved to be better flocculants in a saline environment than the corresponding freshwater EPS in the same environment. The results demonstrate the potential of glycerol/ethanol-rich wastewater, namely biodiesel/ethanol industrial wastewater, as suitable substrates to produce EPS as effective bioflocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ajao
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Siti Millah
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Harry Bruning
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Huub Rijnaarts
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hardy Temmink
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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10
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Dong J, Wang Z, Ma K, Xu X, Alvarezc PJJ, Zhu L. Stability of aerobic granular sludge under condition of low influent C/N ratio: Correlation of sludge property and functional microorganism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:391-399. [PMID: 30243247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge process treating domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is necessary to be studied for rapid urbanization in China and other countries. In this study, two parallel reactors with different influent C/N ratio (15 in R1, 5 in R2) were established. Compared to the disintegrated granule in R1 with high influent C/N ratio, granules with large size (650 μm) and compact structure (integrity coefficient <0.1) were stable in R2 along with influent C/N ratio decreased to 5. High-through sequencing illustrated the functional microbes like Thauera and Paracoccus enriched under low influent C/N ratio, and principal component analysis further showed these microbes were positive correlation with tryptophan and protein-like substances in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and granular strength. It was indicated that under low influent C/N ratio, several resistant microbes like Thauera (19.5%) enriched and then secreted tryptophan and protein-like substances, and stable granules with multi-functional microbes could be formed finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuodong Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarezc
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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11
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Nguyen TNP, Chao SJ, Chen PC, Huang C. Effects of C/N ratio on nitrate removal and floc morphology of autohydrogenotrophic bacteria in a nitrate-containing wastewater treatment process. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 69:52-60. [PMID: 29941269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of C/N ratio of a nitrate-containing wastewater on nitrate removal performed by autohydrogenotrophic bacteria as well as on the morphological parameters of floc such as floc morphology, floc number distribution, mean particle size (MPS), aspect ratio and transparency were examined in this study. The results showed that the nitrate reduction rate increased with increasing C/N ratio from 0.5 to 10 and that the nitrogen removal of up to 95% was found at the C/N ratios of higher than 5 (between 0.5-10). Besides, high C/N ratio values reflected a corresponding high nitrite accumulation after 12-hr operation, and a fast decreasing rate of nitrite in the rest of operational time. The final pH values increased with the C/N ratio increasing from 0.5 to 2.5, but decreased with the C/N ratio increasing from 2.5 to 10. There were no significant changes in floc morphology with the MPSs ranging from 35 to 40μm. Small and medium-sized flocs were dominant in the sludge suspension, and the number of flocs increased with the increasing C/N ratios. Furthermore, the highest apparent frequency of 10% was observed at aspect ratios of 0.5 and 0.6, while the transparency of flocs changed from 0.1 to 0.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Phu Nguyen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Chinese Taipei
| | - Shu-Ju Chao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Chinese Taipei
| | - Pei-Chung Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Chinese Taipei
| | - Chihpin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Chinese Taipei.
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12
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Ly QV, Nghiem LD, Sibag M, Maqbool T, Hur J. Effects of COD/N ratio on soluble microbial products in effluent from sequencing batch reactors and subsequent membrane fouling. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 134:13-21. [PMID: 29407647 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The relative ratios of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (N) in wastewater are known to have profound effects on the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) from activated sludge. In this study, the changes in the SMP characteristics upon different COD/N ratios and the subsequent effects on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling potentials were examined in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) using excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Three unique fluorescent components were identified from the SMP samples in the bioreactors operated at the COD/N ratios of 100/10 (N rich), 100/5 (N medium), and 100/2 (N deficient). The tryptophan-like component (C1) was the most depleted at the N medium condition. Fulvic-like (C2) and humic-like (C3) components were more abundant with N rich wastewater. Greater abundances of large size biopolymer (BP) and low molecular weight neutrals (LMWN) were found under the N deficient and N rich conditions, respectively. SMPs from various COD/N exhibited a greater degree on membrane fouling following the order of 100/2 > 100/10 > 100/5. C1 and C2 had close associations with reversible and irreversible fouling, respectively, while the reversible fouling potential of C3 depended on the COD/N ratios. No significant impact of COD/N ratio was observed on the relative contributions of SMP size fractions to either reversible or irreversible fouling potential. However, the COD/N ratios likely altered the BP foulants' composition with greater contribution of proteinaceous substances to reversible fouling under the N deficient condition than at other N richer conditions. The opposite trend was observed for irreversible fouling. Our results provided further insight into changes in different SMP constitutes and their membrane fouling in response to microbial activities under different COD/N ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Viet Ly
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mark Sibag
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment & Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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13
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Tansel B. Morphology, composition and aggregation mechanisms of soft bioflocs in marine snow and activated sludge: A comparative review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 205:231-243. [PMID: 28987986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conditions that lead to marine snow formation and aggregates that constitute the marine snow have similarities with the soft bioflocs that form during wastewater treatment by activated sludge process. Analysis of the conditions and similarities of the soft bioflocs in these two aquatic environments provide insight for the processes that lead to formation and growth of hydrated aggregates consisting of both living and nonliving particles, their chemical and biolocial composition, settling/suspension behavior, and contributing factors for their structure and morphology. This literature review provides a comparative analysis of the soft aggregates that form in marine and wastewater environments to characterize the conditions for formation and growth of highly hydrated aggregates consisting of microorganisms, suspended solids and large molecules. The marine snow and bioflocs that form in wastewater are visually similar and even contain microorganisms that are of similar type (i.e., Zoogloea, filamentous bacteria). During wastewater treatment, the microorganisms are not stressed and exopolymeric substances (EPS) produced have shorter molecules and higher protein content while EPS produced by the marine organisms are significantly larger in molecular size (by orders of magnitude) and have higher carbohydrate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tansel
- Florida International University, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Miami, FL, USA.
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14
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Wei Z, Huang S, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhou S. Characterization of extracellular polymeric substances produced during nitrate removal by a thermophilic bacterium Chelatococcus daeguensis TAD1 in batch cultures. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive correlation was observed between EPS production and nitrate removal efficiency during aerobic denitrification byChelatococcus daeguensisTAD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Wei
- College of Environment and Energy
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
| | - Shaobin Huang
- College of Environment and Energy
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- College of Environment and Energy
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
| | - Han Li
- College of Environment and Energy
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
| | - Shaofeng Zhou
- College of Environment and Energy
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control
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15
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Erkan HS, Onkal Engin G, Ince M, Bayramoglu MR. Effect of carbon to nitrogen ratio of feed wastewater and sludge retention time on activated sludge in a submerged membrane bioreactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10742-10752. [PMID: 26888531 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) on the activated sludge rheology in a submerged membrane bioreactor (sMBR) operated at different sludge retention time (SRT) values and different carbon to nitrogen ratios (C/N) of feed wastewater. The C/N ratios of the feed were adjusted accordingly so that synthetic wastewaters prepared simulated municipal wastewater, non-toxic wastewater with high C/N ratio and non-toxic wastewater with low C/N ratio. A number of important operational parameters such as mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS), protein fraction of EPS (EPSp), carbohydrate fraction of EPS (EPSc), protein fraction of soluble microbial product (SMPp), carbohydrate fraction of SMP (SMPc), apparent viscosity, critical flux and hydrophobicity in mixed liquor and their correlations were investigated in the sMBR systems operated. The statistical analysis indicated that the C/N ratio of feed, SRT, MLSS and SMPc were found to have positive effects on apparent viscosity at three different shear rates. On the other hand, a negative impact was detected between the apparent viscosities and the critical fluxes. It was also observed that there is a significant positive correlation between hydrophobicity and both EPSp and SMPp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Sari Erkan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Guleda Onkal Engin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahir Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut R Bayramoglu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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16
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Zhang Z, Chen Y, Wang R, Cai R, Fu Y, Jiao N. The Fate of Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharide in Natural Marine Microbial Communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142690. [PMID: 26571122 PMCID: PMC4646686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), and bacterial EPS represent an important source of dissolved organic carbon in marine ecosystems. It was proposed that bacterial EPS rich in uronic acid is resistant to mineralization by microbes and thus has a long residence time in global oceans. To confirm this hypothesis, bacterial EPS rich in galacturonic acid was isolated from Alteromonas sp. JL2810. The EPS was used to amend natural seawater to investigate the bioavailability of this EPS by native populations, in the presence and absence of ammonium and phosphate amendment. The data indicated that the bacterial EPS could not be completely consumed during the cultivation period and that the bioavailability of EPS was not only determined by its intrinsic properties, but was also determined by other factors such as the availability of inorganic nutrients. During the experiment, the humic-like component of fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) was freshly produced. Bacterial community structure analysis indicated that the class Flavobacteria of the phylum Bacteroidetes was the major contributor for the utilization of EPS. This report is the first to indicate that Flavobacteria are a major contributor to bacterial EPS degradation. The fraction of EPS that could not be completely utilized and the FDOM (e.g., humic acid-like substances) produced de novo may be refractory and may contribute to the carbon storage in the oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (NJ); (ZZ)
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruanhong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingnan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianzhi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Institute of Marine Microbes and Ecospheres, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (NJ); (ZZ)
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17
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Jiang Y, Yang K, Wang H, Shang Y, Yang X. Characteristics of phenol degradation in saline conditions of a halophilic strain JS3 isolated from industrial activated sludge. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 99:230-234. [PMID: 26187399 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Several halophilic bacteria have been reported to degrade phenol. However, there are a few works about salt-tolerant fungi which can utilize phenol as sole source of carbon. In this study, a halophilic strain JS3 which could degrade phenol with high efficiency was separated and identified. The effect of initial phenol concentration on phenol biodegradation was investigated and optimal pH, temperature, as well as salt-tolerance were evaluated. The isolate could degrade less than 800 mg/L phenol completely in 72 h. It grew well when pH, temperature, and salinity were at values of 4.0-9.0, 30-40°C, and 0-7%, respectively. The optimal pH, temperature and salinity were 6.0, 35°C and 0%. More than 99% of 500 mg/L phenol was degraded in the optimal condition within 24h. The tolerance of wide range of pH, temperature and salinity indicated that strain JS3 was effective for phenol removal in hypersaline wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Yu Shang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
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18
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Redmile-Gordon M, Evershed R, Hirsch P, White R, Goulding K. Soil organic matter and the extracellular microbial matrix show contrasting responses to C and N availability. SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 88:257-267. [PMID: 26339106 PMCID: PMC4534311 DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An emerging paradigm in soil science suggests microbes can perform 'N mining' from recalcitrant soil organic matter (SOM) in conditions of low N availability. However, this requires the production of extracellular structures rich in N (including enzymes and structural components) and thus defies stoichiometric expectation. We set out to extract newly synthesised peptides from the extracellular matrix in soil and compare the amino acid (AA) profiles, N incorporation and AA dynamics in response to labile inputs of contrasting C/N ratio. Glycerol was added both with and without an inorganic source of N (10% 15N labelled NH4NO3) to a soil already containing a large pool of refractory SOM and incubated for 10 days. The resulting total soil peptide (TSP) and extracellular pools were compared using colorimetric methods, gas chromatography, and isotope ratio mass spectrometry. N isotope compositions showed that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) contained a greater proportion of products formed de novo than did TSP, with hydrophobic EPS-AAs (leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, hydroxyproline and tyrosine) deriving substantially more N from the inorganic source provided. Quantitative comparison between extracts showed that the EPS contained greater relative proportions of alanine, glycine, proline, phenylalanine and tyrosine. The greatest increases in EPS-peptide and EPS-polysaccharide concentrations occurred at the highest C/N ratios. All EPS-AAs responded similarly to treatment whereas the responses of TSP were more complex. The results suggest that extracellular investment of N (as EPS peptides) is a microbial survival mechanism in conditions of low N/high C which, from an evolutionary perspective, must ultimately lead to the tendency for increased N returns to the microbial biomass. A conceptual model is proposed that describes the dynamics of the extracellular matrix in response to the C/N ratio of labile inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Redmile-Gordon
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - R.P. Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - P.R. Hirsch
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - R.P. White
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK
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