1
|
Leovac Maćerak A, Duduković N, Kiss F, Slijepčević N, Pešić V, Bečelić-Tomin M, Kerkez Đ. Electrocoagulation in treatment of municipal wastewater- life cycle impact assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141701. [PMID: 38508463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is investigation of electrocoagulation (EC) as a treatment of municipal wastewater, integrating life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) for assessing its environmental performance of investigated treatment. The study evaluated the effectiveness of EC in removing physico-chemical and microbial parameters using aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) electrodes in monopolar and bipolar modes. Bipolar arrangement of Al(-)/Al/Al/Al(+) electrodes achieved the highest removals: 70% COD, 72% BOD5 followed by complete elimination of total phosphorous, turbidity and microbial parameters. This treatment was subject to investigation of the influence of reaction time (t = 10-60 min) on removals at higher current density (CD = 3.33 mA/cm2). In order to reduce energy consumption, the same reaction time range was used with a reduced CD = 2.33 mA/cm2. Following removal efficiencies obtained: 47-72% COD (higher CD) and 53-78% (lower CD); 69-75% BOD5 (higher CD) and 55-74% CD (lower CD); 12-21% NH4- (higher CD) and 7-22% NH4- (lower CD). Total P, NO3- and NO2- compounds showed the same removals regardless the CD. Decrease in current density did not influence removals of total suspended matter, turbidity, salinity as well as microbial parameters. The bipolar arrangement of Al(-)/Al/Al/Al(+) electrodes, assuming a lower CD = 2.33 mA/cm2 and t = 30 min, was assessed with the Recipe 2016Midpoint (H) and USEtox v.2 LCIA methods to explore the environmental justification of using EC for wastewater treatment. The LCIA results revealed that the EC process significantly reduces water eutrophication and toxicity for freshwater and marine ecosystems, but has higher impacts in global warming, fossil fuel consumption, human toxicity, acidification, and terrestrial ecotoxicity due to high energy consumption. This can be mainly explained by the assumption in the study that the EC precipitate is dispersed to agricultural soil without any pre-treatment and material recovery, along with relatively high energy consumption during the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Leovac Maćerak
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Duduković
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Ferenc Kiss
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technology, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nataša Slijepčević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Pešić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milena Bečelić-Tomin
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Đurđa Kerkez
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanatti NP, Sezer M. Optimizing electrocoagulation for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment: a fuzzy axiomatic design approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:31159-31173. [PMID: 38627343 PMCID: PMC11096256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
White meat consumption is increasing day by day, and accordingly, there is an increase in the amount of wastewater resulting from the processes. Today, the reuse of wastewater has become a goal within the scope of the Green Deal. For this reason, wastewater treatment with high pollution and volume has gained importance. In this study, the fuzzy axiomatic design (FAD) method, one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, has been used. With this method, coagulation, electrocoagulation (EC), dissolved air flotation (DAF), and anaerobic treatment alternatives preferred in poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) treatment were compared with each other and their information contents were calculated. The information content from the smallest to the largest is EC, DAF, coagulation, and anaerobic treatment, respectively. This treatment method was chosen because the smallest information content is in electrocoagulation. EC was applied to bloody PSW containing 1% blood by volume. The effectiveness of Fe and Al electrodes for PSW treatment in the batch EC reactor has been compared. The effective surface areas of 2 anodes and 2 cathodes connected bipolarly in the processes are 288 cm2. The electrolyte, pH, time, and current density effects on energy consumption were also investigated. The optimum conditions for Al and Fe electrodes were found to be 0.5 g·L-1 NaCl concentration, pH 5, 0.639 mA·cm-2 current density, and 5 min time. Under optimum conditions for the Fe electrode, COD, TOC, TN, and oil-grease removal efficiencies were determined as 76.3%, 71.8%, 70%, and 74%, respectively. Moreover, the highest COD, TOC, TN, and oil-grease removal efficiencies were achieved with an Al electrode (82.2%, 82.3%, 82.7%, and 78.9%, respectively). The experimental data were fit to a variety of isotherms and kinetic models to determine the characteristics of the EC. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order equation provided the best fit for COD removal. Under optimum conditions, the operating cost was calculated as $3.39 and $3.09 for Al and Fe electrodes, respectively. In this study, the fuzzy axiomatic design method was used for the first time to select the most appropriate treatment method for PSW. In addition, blood, a major problem for the poultry slaughterhouse industry, was mixed with PSW at a ratio of 1% (v/v) and treated with EC for the first time with high removal efficiency. By treating PSW, which has a high pollution load, with electrocoagulation, the pollution load of the water to be given to secondary treatment has been greatly reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazire Pınar Tanatti
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, 54100, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Sezer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Obi CC, Nwabanne JT, Igwegbe CA, Abonyi MN, Umembamalu CJ, Kamuche TT. Intelligent algorithms-aided modeling and optimization of the deturbidization of abattoir wastewater by electrocoagulation using aluminium electrodes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120161. [PMID: 38290261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The removal of turbidity from abattoir wastewater (AWW) by electrocoagulation (EC) was modeled and optimized using Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms. Artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithms (GA) were the AI tools employed. Five input variables were considered: pH, current intensity, electrolysis time, settling time, and temperature. The ANN model was evaluated using the Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) algorithm, while the ANFIS modeling was accomplished using the Sugeno-type FIS. The ANN and ANFIS models demonstrated linear adequacy with the experimental data, with an R2 value of 0.9993 in both cases. The corresponding statistical error indices were RMSE (ANN = 5.65685E-05; ANFIS = 2.82843E-05), SSE (ANN = 1.60E-07; ANFIS = 3.4E-08), and MSE (ANN = 3.2E-09; ANFIS = 8E-10). The error indices revealed that the ANFIS model had the least performance error and is considered the most reliable of the two. The process optimization performed with GA and PSO considered turbidity removal efficiency, energy requirement, and electrode material loss. An optimal turbidity removal efficiency of 99.39 % was predicted at pH (3.1), current intensity (2 A), electrolysis time (20 min), settling time (50 min), and operating temperature (50 °C). This represents a potential for the delivery of cleaner water without the use of chemicals. The estimated power consumption and the theoretical mass of the aluminium electrode dissolved at the optimum condition were 293.33 kW h/m3 and 0.2237 g, respectively. The work successfully affirmed the effectiveness of the EC process in the removal of finely divided suspended particles from AWW and demonstrated the suitability of the AI algorithms in the modeling and optimization of the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Tagbo Nwabanne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria; Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Matthew Ndubuisi Abonyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B. 5025, Awka, 420218, Nigeria.
| | | | - Toochukwu ThankGod Kamuche
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Anambra State, Nigeria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Terán Hilares R, Garcia Bustos KA, Sanchez Vera FP, Colina Andrade GJ, Pacheco Tanaka DA. Acid precipitation followed by microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) cultivation as a new approach for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125284. [PMID: 34022477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSW) contains high organic matter and nutrients requiring thus a special treatment before its final disposal. In this work, acid precipitation (H2SO4) followed by microalgae "Chlorella vulgaris" cultivation both in batch and continuous processes was studied as an alternative method for PSW treatment. By reducing the pH value of PSW from 6 to 7 to 4, about 80% of the total chemical oxygen demand (CODT) was removed as sludge. In the supernatant, the COD residual was efficiently removed (83%) by microalgae in the batch process, using an internal-loop concentric tube photobioreactor (4.5 L). Moreover, in continuous process, after 89 h, the COD value resulted lower than 200 mg L-1 and 1.2 g L-1 of microalgae in the output line. The proposed PSW treatment method is promising from economic and environmental viewpoints, since the microalgal biomass can be valued in a biorefinery context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruly Terán Hilares
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru.
| | - Kiara A Garcia Bustos
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Fabio P Sanchez Vera
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Gilberto J Colina Andrade
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - David A Pacheco Tanaka
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Meiramkulova K, Devrishov D, Marzanov N, Marzanova S, Kydyrbekova A, Uryumtseva T, Tastanova L, Mkilima T. Performance of Graphite and Titanium as Cathode Electrode Materials on Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4489. [PMID: 33050440 PMCID: PMC7601237 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential applicability of the combination between aluminium (anode) and graphite or titanium (cathode) for poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment, their technical and economic feasibilities have not been comprehensively captured. In this study, aluminium (anode) and graphite and titanium as cathode electrode materials were investigated and compared in terms of their performance on poultry slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. The wastewater samples collected from the Izhevsk Production Corporative (PC) poultry farm in Kazakhstan were treated using a lab-based electrochemical treatment plant and then analyzed after every 20 and 40 min of the treatment processes. Cost analysis for both electrode combinations was also performed. From the analysis results, the aluminium-graphite electrode combination achieved high removal efficiency from turbidity, color, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, with removal efficiency ranging from 72% to 98% after 20 min, as well as 88% to 100% after 40 min. A similar phenomenon was also observed from the aluminium-titanium electrode combination, with high removal efficiency achieved from turbidity, color, total suspended solids, nitrite, phosphates, and chemical oxygen demand, ranging from 81% to 100% after 20 min as well as from 91% to 100% after 40 min. This means the treatment performances for both aluminium-graphite and aluminium-titanium electrode combinations were highly affected by the contact time. The general performance in terms of removal efficiency indicates that the aluminium-titanium electrode combination outperformed the aluminium-graphite electrode combination. However, the inert character of the graphite electrode led to a positive impact on the total operating cost. Therefore, the aluminium-graphite electrode combination was observed to be cheaper than the aluminium-titanium electrode combination in terms of the operating cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kulyash Meiramkulova
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Street 2, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Davud Devrishov
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 23 Scryabin Street, Moscow 109472, Russian; (D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Nurbiy Marzanov
- Laboratory of molecular basis of breeding, L.K.Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow Region 142132, Russia;
| | - Saida Marzanova
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 23 Scryabin Street, Moscow 109472, Russian; (D.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Aliya Kydyrbekova
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Street 2, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan; (K.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Tatyana Uryumtseva
- Department of Agriculture and Bioresources, Innovative University of Eurasia, Lomov Street 45, Pavlodar 14008, Kazakhstan;
| | - Lyazzat Tastanova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, K.Zhubanov, Aktobe Regional State University, A.Moldagulova Avenue 34, Aktobe 030000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Timoth Mkilima
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Architecture and Construction, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Street 2, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|