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Pourcher AM, Druilhe C, Le Maréchal C, Repérant E, Boscher E, Ziebal C, Martin L, Lebreton M, Rouxel S, Houdayer C, Le Roux S, Derongs L, Poëzévara T, Sarrazin M, Nagard B, Heurtevent L, Denis M. Quantification of indicator and pathogenic bacteria in manures and digestates from three agricultural biogas plants over a one-year period. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:91-100. [PMID: 37418788 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Interest in the conversion of manure in biogas via anaerobic digestion (AD) is growing, but questions remain about the biosafety of digestates. For a period of one year, we monitored the impact of three mesophilic agricultural biogas plants (BPs) mainly fed with pig manure (BP1, BP3) or bovine manure (BP2) on the physicochemical parameters, the composition of the microbial community and the concentration of bacteria (E. coli, enterococci, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridioides difficile). The BP2 digestate differed from those of the two other BPs with a higher nitrogen content, more total solids and greater abundance of Clostridia MBA03 and Disgonomonadacea. Persistence during digestion ranked from least to most, was: Campylobacter (1.6 to >2.9 log10 reduction, according to the BP) < E. coli (1.8 to 2.2 log10) < Salmonella (1.1 to 1.4 log10) < enterococci (0.2 to 1.2 log10) and C. perfringens (0.2 to 1 log10) < L. monocytogenes (-1.2 to 1.6 log10) < C. difficile and C. botulinum (≤0.5 log10). No statistical link was found between the reduction in the concentration of the targeted bacteria and the physicochemical and operational parameters likely to have an effect (NH3, volatile fatty acids and total solids contents, hydraulic retention time, presence of co-substrates), underlining the fact that the fate of the bacteria during mesophilic digestion depends on many interacting factors. The reduction in concentrations varied significantly over the sampling period, underlining the need for longitudinal studies to estimate the impact of AD on pathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Céline Druilhe
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Caroline Le Maréchal
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Elisabeth Repérant
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Christine Ziebal
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Laure Martin
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Megane Lebreton
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Sandra Rouxel
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Sophie Le Roux
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Lorine Derongs
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Typhaine Poëzévara
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | - Martine Sarrazin
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 Avenue de Cucillé, CS64427, Rennes F-35044, France
| | - Bérengère Nagard
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
| | | | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, UHQPAP, 31 Rue des Fusillés, BP53, F-22440, France
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VanderZaag AC, Glenn A, Balde H. Manure methane emissions over three years at a swine farm in western Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:301-311. [PMID: 35146759 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Swine manure is kept in outdoor storage facilities until it is applied to cropland. Anaerobic conditions facilitate microbial methane (CH4 ) production at a rate that depends on temperature. Manure CH4 emissions can be the largest contributor to the carbon footprint of pork production. Despite the importance of CH4 , its actual emissions in cold temperate climates are highly uncertain. This study measured emissions from a single-cell earthen manure storage facility at a commercial swine farm near Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, for 3 yr. Complimentary laboratory measurements were done to assess CH4 potential (B0 ). The manure storage regularly received manure from the barn and was only emptied in October. In the summer, manure temperature was usually lower than the air temperature, with the manure temperature (averaged across depths) warming to between 15 and 18.5 °C for only 9 wk. Emissions of CH4 were low, with the CH4 conversion factor being between 3.0 and 11.0%, depending on the year (using the IPCC 2019 default B0 ). Scaled by the number of swine reaching market weight (125 kg) each year, CH4 emissions were between 250 and 902 g CH4 animal-1 . Laboratory measurements of CH4 production potential scaled by VS were 335 ml CH4 g-1 VS at 37 °C, perhaps lower than the IPCC 2019 default value due to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in the ration and degradation in the under-barn pit prior to transfer outdoors. Taken together, the low manure temperatures, short warm season, and barley in the ration suggest that emissions from swine manure in cold climates like western Canada are considerably lower than previously estimated based on default factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C VanderZaag
- Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Glenn
- Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - H Balde
- Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Medina J, Monreal CM, Orellana L, Calabi-Floody M, González ME, Meier S, Borie F, Cornejo P. Influence of saprophytic fungi and inorganic additives on enzyme activities and chemical properties of the biodegradation process of wheat straw for the production of organo-mineral amendments. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 255:109922. [PMID: 32063309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose and lignin as main components of crop residues have a significant influence on composting operations and composition of the final products. Both are strongly associated, and lignin can be considered an important barrier during the biodegradation process of lignocellulosic materials. Saprophytic fungi are efficient lignin degraders due to their complex enzymatic system. Therefore, the influence of the inoculation of saprophytic fungi (Coriolopsis rigida, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trichoderma harzianum and Trametes versicolor) and the supply of inorganic additives (Al2O3, Fe2O3 and allophanic soil) that promote the stabilization of carbon (C), were analyzed in the biodegradation of wheat straw (WS). The activity of Laccase (LAC), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and β-glucosidase and changes in temperature, pH and E4/E6 ratio were analyzed in a biodegradation process of 126 days. The activity of LAC, MnP and the E4/E6 ratio were significantly influenced and increased (enzymes) by fungi species, inorganic additives, and time of inorganic material addition, as well as their interactions (p < 0.05). The WS inoculated with T. versicolor showed the highest average activities for LAC, MnP and β-glucosidase (2000, 220 UL-1 and 400 μmol pNP g-1 h-1 respectively). Furthermore, the addition of Al2O3 and Fe2O3 increased all the activities regarded to the decomposition of WS and influenced the changes associated with the stabilization of OM in composted WS. In conclusion, the inoculation of WS with T. versicolor in combination with metal oxides improved the enzyme related to the biodegradation process of WS favorizing its stabilization in the medium time, which is of importance in the composting of residues with high C/N ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Campus Colchagua, San Fernando, Chile
| | - Carlos M Monreal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Orellana
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcela Calabi-Floody
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - María E González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Scientific and Biotechnological Bioresource Nucleus, BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastián Meier
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), CRI Carillanca, P.O. Box 58-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Centro de Investigación en Micorrizas y Sustentabilidad Agroambiental (CIMYSA), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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VanderZaag AC, Baldé H, Crolla A, Gordon RJ, Ngwabie NM, Wagner-Riddle C, Desjardins R, MacDonald JD. Potential methane emission reductions for two manure treatment technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:851-858. [PMID: 28355494 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1313317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of two dairy manure treatments, solid-liquid separation (SLS) and anaerobic digestion (AD), on methane potential and the speed of production was evaluated. Assays were performed in the lab to measure methane (CH4) production over 202 d from dairy manure samples taken before and after each treatment. Compared to raw manure, CH4 emissions on a per-L basis were reduced 81% by SLS and 59% by AD, on average. The mean (SD) ultimate CH4 emission potential (B0) per kg of volatile solids (VS) was 247 (8) L CH4 kg-1 VS for raw manure, 221 (9) L CH4 kg-1 VS for separated liquid, and 160 (4) L CH4 kg-1 VS for anaerobic digestate. Thus, SLS reduced the B0 of the liquid fraction by 11% and AD reduced B0 by up to 35% compared to raw manure. Manure treatment affected the speed of CH4 production: SLS increased the CH4 production rate and thus separated liquid manure was the fastest to produce 90% of the ultimate CH4 production. Therefore, both the speed of degradation and B0 should be considered when assessing these techniques for farm-scale manure storages, because actual emission reductions will depend on storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C VanderZaag
- a Ottawa Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Hambaliou Baldé
- a Ottawa Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Anna Crolla
- b Ontario Rural Wastewater Centre , University of Guelph , Alfred , Canada
| | - Robert J Gordon
- c Department of Geography and Environmental Studies , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , Canada
| | - N Martin Ngwabie
- a Ottawa Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Ottawa , Canada
- d Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering , The University of Bamenda , Bamenda , Cameroon
| | | | - Ray Desjardins
- a Ottawa Research and Development Centre , Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada , Ottawa , Canada
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Ward AJ, Feng L, Moset V, Moller HB. Estimation of Methane Yields in Continuous Biogas Reactors Using Kinetic and Mass Flow Models. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair James Ward
- Aarhus University; Biological and Chemical Engineering; Blichers Allé 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Lu Feng
- Aarhus University; Biological and Chemical Engineering; Blichers Allé 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Veronica Moset
- Aarhus University; Biological and Chemical Engineering; Blichers Allé 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
| | - Henrik Bjarne Moller
- Aarhus University; Biological and Chemical Engineering; Blichers Allé 20 8830 Tjele Denmark
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Medina J, Monreal C, Chabot D, Meier S, González ME, Morales E, Parillo R, Borie F, Cornejo P. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization of humic substances from a compost amended copper contaminated soil: main features and their potential effects on Cu immobilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14104-14116. [PMID: 28417325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterized humic substances (HS) extracted from a Cu-contaminated soil without compost addition (C) or amended with a wheat straw-based compost (WSC) (H1), co-composted with Fe2O3 (H2), or co-composted with an allophane-rich soil (H3). Extracted HS were characterized under electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (X-EDS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, HS extracted from WSC (H4) were characterized at pH 4.0 and 8.0 with descriptive purposes. At pH 4.0, globular structures of H4 were observed, some of them aggregating within a large network. Contrariwise, at pH 8.0, long tubular and disaggregated structures prevailed. TEM microscopy suggests organo-mineral interactions at scales of 1 to 200 nm with iron oxide nanoparticles. HS extracted from soil-compost incubations showed interactions at nanoscale with minerals and crystal compounds into the organic matrix of HS. Bands associated to acidic functional groups of HS may suggest potential sorption interactions with transition metals. We conclude that metal ions and pH have an important role controlling the morphology and configuration of HS from WSC. Characterization of H4 extracted from WSC showed that physicochemical protection of HS could be present in composting systems treated with inorganic materials. Finally, the humified fractions obtained from compost-amended soils may have an important effect on metal-retention, supporting their potential use in metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Medina
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Monreal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Denise Chabot
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa, K1A0C6, Canada
| | - Sebastián Meier
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Centro de investigación Regional de Investigación Carillanca, P.O. Box 58-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Eugenia González
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados (BioMA), Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Esteban Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rita Parillo
- Department of Agriculture, Division of Biology and Forest Systems, University of Naples II, Via Universita, 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Fernando Borie
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales. Scientific and Technological Bioresources Nucleus BIOREN-UFRO, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
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Onwosi CO, Igbokwe VC, Odimba JN, Eke IE, Nwankwoala MO, Iroh IN, Ezeogu LI. Composting technology in waste stabilization: On the methods, challenges and future prospects. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 190:140-157. [PMID: 28040590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Composting technology has become invaluable in stabilization of municipal waste due to its environmental compatibility. In this review, different types of composting methods reportedly applied in waste management were explored. Further to that, the major factors such as temperature, pH, C/N ratio, moisture, particle size that have been considered relevant in the monitoring of the composting process were elucidated. Relevant strategies to improve and optimize process effectiveness were also addressed. However, during composting, some challenges such as leachate generation, gas emission and lack of uniformity in assessing maturity indices are imminent. Here in, these challenges were properly addressed and some strategies towards ameliorating them were proffered. Finally, we highlighted some recent technologies that could improve composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwudi O Onwosi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Victor C Igbokwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Joyce N Odimba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeanyichukwu E Eke
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Mary O Nwankwoala
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Ikemdinachi N Iroh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lewis I Ezeogu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Sun D, Lan Y, Xu EG, Meng J, Chen W. Biochar as a novel niche for culturing microbial communities in composting. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 54:93-100. [PMID: 27184446 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been applied as a bulk agent or an additive to compost. The mixture of biochar and compost has been considered to exert synergistic effect as a soil amendment. In a composting system, the macro-porous sites of biochar may act as a novel niche that selects and cultures the microorganisms from the bulk compost. A variety of volatile organic carbons (VOCs) such as aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatics were detected in biochar pellets (BC) pyrolyzed at 100°C. In the mesosphilic phase, the water-soluble carbon (WSC) and water-soluble phenols (WSP) in biochar increased from 2.1 to 26mgkg(-1) and 5.9 to 101μgkg(-1), respectively. These labile carbons however, were subjected to a rapid metabolism over the composting course. We further compared the responses of microbial community in BC to those in the bulk organic matter. Both Shannon-Wiener and Richness indexes of bacterial communities were higher in BC than in the adjacent compost (ADJ) and the bulk organic matter (control). As for fungal communities, the two indexes were higher in BC than ADJ and control only in the mature phase. During the composting course, the bacterial activity was higher than the fungal counterpart in terms of the changes of corresponding biomarkers, glucosamine and muramic acids. The results suggested that the diversified labile carbons sources including VOCs and WSC in BC could influence the structure of microbial community and resulted in an enhanced carbon catabolic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daquan Sun
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Rd, 110866 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Lan
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Rd, 110866 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jun Meng
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Rd, 110866 Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenfu Chen
- Liaoning Biochar Engineering & Technology Research Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Rd, 110866 Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Ibáñez C, Criscioni P, Arriaga H, Merino P, Espinós FJ, Fernández C. Murciano-Granadina Goat Performance and Methane Emission after Replacing Barley Grain with Fibrous By-Products. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151215. [PMID: 26983120 PMCID: PMC4794190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of substituting dietary barley grain with orange pulp or soybean hulls on energy, nitrogen and carbon balance, methane emission and milk performance in dairy goats. Twelve Murciano-Granadina dairy goats in midlactation were selected and divided into three groups based on similar body weight (42.1 ± 1.2 kg) and milk yield (2.16 ± 0.060 kg/goat/day). The experiment was conducted in an incomplete crossover design where one group of four goats was fed a mixed ration of barley grain (BRL), another group of four goats replaced barley grain with orange pulp (OP) and the last group of four goats with soybean hulls (SH). After adaptation to diets, the goats were allocated to individual metabolism cages and intake, faeces, urine and milk were recorded and analysed. Then, gas exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit indirect calorimetry system using a head box. Dry matter intake was similar for all three groups (2.03 kg/d, on average). No influence of the diet was observed for energy balance and the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for milk production was 0.61. The OP and SH diets showed greater (P < 0.05) fat mobilization (-42.8 kJ/kg of BW0.75, on average) than BRL (19.2 kJ/kg of BW0.75). Pentadecanoic acid (15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (17:0) were potential biomarkers of rumen function because the higher contents found in the milk of OP and SH goats than BRL suggest a negative impact of these diets on rumen bacterial metabolism; probably linked to the lower nitrogen supply of diet OP to synthesize microbial protein and greater content of fat in diet SH. Replacement of cereal grain with fibrous by-products did not increased enteric methane emissions (54.7 L/goat per day, on average). Therefore, lactating goats could utilize dry orange pulp and soybean hulls diets with no detrimental effect on milk performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ibáñez
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Departamento de Producción Animal y Salud Pública, Universidad Católica de Valencia, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Criscioni
- Research Centre ACUMA, Animal Science Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Haritz Arriaga
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Environment Quality Department, Bizkaia Technology Park, p. 812. 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Pilar Merino
- NEIKER-Tecnalia, Environment Quality Department, Bizkaia Technology Park, p. 812. 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Francisco Juan Espinós
- Research Centre ACUMA, Animal Science Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández
- Research Centre ACUMA, Animal Science Department, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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10
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Medina J, Monreal C, Barea JM, Arriagada C, Borie F, Cornejo P. Crop residue stabilization and application to agricultural and degraded soils: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 42:41-54. [PMID: 25936555 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural activities produce vast amounts of organic residues including straw, unmarketable or culled fruit and vegetables, post-harvest or post-processing wastes, clippings and residuals from forestry or pruning operations, and animal manure. Improper disposal of these materials may produce undesirable environmental (e.g. odors or insect refuges) and health impacts. On the other hand, agricultural residues are of interest to various industries and sectors of the economy due to their energy content (i.e., for combustion), their potential use as feedstock to produce biofuels and/or fine chemicals, or as a soil amendments for polluted or degraded soils when composted. Our objective is review new biotechnologies that could be used to manage these residues for land application and remediation of contaminated and eroded soils. Bibliographic information is complemented through a comprehensive review of the physico-chemical fundamental mechanisms involved in the transformation and stabilization of organic matter by biotic and abiotic soil components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Medina
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Monreal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, K.W. Neatby Building, Ottawa K1A0C6, Canada
| | - José Miguel Barea
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - César Arriagada
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernando Borie
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Cornejo
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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11
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Kalamaras SD, Kotsopoulos TA. Anaerobic co-digestion of cattle manure and alternative crops for the substitution of maize in South Europe. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:68-75. [PMID: 25237775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study alternative agricultural substrates are investigated as potential substitutes of maize for biogas production in the region of South Europe. Crop silages of cardoon, maize, milk thistle and sorghum as well as bedding straw from cattle farm were examined in the anaerobic co-digestion procedure with cattle manure. Milk thistle crop was further investigated in a naturally sun dried form and the effect of mechanical, thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments on fiber composition and methane yield was evaluated. Pretreatment with NaOH increase the solubilization by 77.7%. The co-digestion experiment was carried out in 28 batch reactors at 37°C. The highest methane yields of 308, 271 and 267LCH4kg(-1) of volatile solids were obtained by co-digestion of cattle manure with cardoon silage, thermo-chemical pretreated milk thistle stalks with NaOH and maize silage, respectively. Furthermore, co-digestion of bedding straw and cattle manure had similar methane yield with maize silage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Kalamaras
- Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T A Kotsopoulos
- Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
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12
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13
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Vanegas CH, Bartlett J. Green energy from marine algae: biogas production and composition from the anaerobic digestion of Irish seaweed species. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2277-83. [PMID: 24350482 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.765922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Marine algae have emerged as an alternative feedstock for the production of a number of renewable fuels, including biogas. In addition to energy potential, other characteristics make them attractive as an energy source, including their ability to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2), higher productivity rates than land-based crops and the lack of water use or land competition. For Ireland, biofuels from marine algae can play an important role by reducing imports of fossil fuels as well as providing the necessary energy in rural communities. In this study, five potential seaweed species common in Irish waters, Saccorhiza polyschides, Ulva sp., Laminaria digitata, Fucus serratus and Saccharina latissima, were co-digested individually with bovine slurry. Batch reactors of 120ml and 1000ml were set up and incubated at 35 degrees C to investigate their suitability for production of biogas. Digesters fed with S. latissima produced the maximum methane yield (335 ml g volatile solids(-1) (g(VS)(-1) followed by S. polyschides with 255 ml g(VS)(-1). L. digitata produced 246ml g(VS)(-1) and the lowest yields were from the green seaweed Ulva sp. 191ml g(VS)(-1). The methane and CO2 percentages ranged between 50-72% and 10-45%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the seaweed species investigated are good feedstocks candidates for the production of biogas and methane as a source of energy. Their use on a large-scale process will require further investigation to increase yields and reduce production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Vanegas
- Centre for Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland.
| | - J Bartlett
- Centre for Sustainability, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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14
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Flesch TK, Vergé XPC, Desjardins RL, Worth D. Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2012-072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Flesch, T. K., Vergé, X. P. C., Desjardins, R. L. and Worth, D. 2013. Methane emissions from a swine manure tank in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 159–169. The emission rate of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere was measured from a concrete manure tank at a farrow-to-finish swine facility in western Canada. Measurements were made during four seasonal campaigns using a bLS inverse-dispersion technique. Emission rates were highest in summer and lowest in winter, with intermediate rates in spring and fall. Annual emissions were estimated at 7600 kg CH4, or 6.3 kg CH4 m−2 of tank surface area. Site-specific factors used for estimating CH4 emissions were calculated from our measurements. A simple methane conversion factor, used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to relate emissions to the volatile solids content of the manure, was calculated as 0.23. This value may be unrepresentatively high due to the long duration (15 mo) that manure was stored in the tank. A more sophisticated calculation methodology considers the influence of manure storage duration and temperature, and includes a critical management design practices (MDP) factor. The MDP factor was calculated as 0.31 for our tank. This MDP value implies that emissions from our manure tank were lower than expected given the results from other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas K. Flesch
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H4
| | - Xavier P. C. Vergé
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada consultant, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K2H 3Z9
| | - Raymond L. Desjardins
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
| | - Devon Worth
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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15
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Bolan NS, Kunhikrishnan A, Choppala GK, Thangarajan R, Chung JW. Stabilization of carbon in composts and biochars in relation to carbon sequestration and soil fertility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 424:264-270. [PMID: 22444054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
There have been increasing interests in the conversion of organic residues into biochars in order to reduce the rate of decomposition, thereby enhancing carbon (C) sequestration in soils. However energy is required to initiate the pyrolysis process during biochar production which can also lead to the release of greenhouse gasses. Alternative methods can be used to stabilize C in composts and other organic residues without impacting their quality. The objectives of this study include: (i) to compare the rate of decomposition among various organic amendments and (ii) to examine the effect of clay materials on the stabilization of C in organic amendments. The decomposition of a number of organic amendments (composts and biochars) was examined by monitoring the release of carbon-dioxide using respiration experiments. The results indicated that the rate of decomposition as measured by half life (t(1/2)) varied between the organic amendments and was higher in sandy soil than in clay soil. The half life value ranged from 139 days in the sandy soil and 187 days in the clay soil for poultry manure compost to 9989 days for green waste biochar. Addition of clay materials to compost decreased the rate of decomposition, thereby increasing the stabilization of C. The half life value for poultry manure compost increased from 139 days to 620, 806 and 474 days with the addition of goethite, gibbsite and allophane, respectively. The increase in the stabilization of C with the addition of clay materials may be attributed to the immobilization of C, thereby preventing it from microbial decomposition. Stabilization of C in compost using clay materials did not impact negatively the value of composts in improving soil quality as measured by potentially mineralizable nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Bolan
- Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia.
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16
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Barret M, Gagnon N, Morissette B, Topp E, Kalmokoff M, Brooks SP, Matias F, Massé DI, Masse L, Talbot G. Methanoculleus spp. as a biomarker of methanogenic activity in swine manure storage tanks. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 80:427-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maialen Barret
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
| | - Nathalie Gagnon
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
| | - Bruno Morissette
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; London; ON; Canada
| | - Martin Kalmokoff
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Kentville; NS; Canada
| | - Stephen P.J. Brooks
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences; Health Products and Foods Branch; Banting Research Centre; Ottawa; ON; Canada
| | - Fernando Matias
- Bureau of Nutritional Sciences; Health Products and Foods Branch; Banting Research Centre; Ottawa; ON; Canada
| | - Daniel I. Massé
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
| | - Lucie Masse
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada
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