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Kundu A, Reddy CV, Singh RK, Kalamdhad AS. Critical review with science mapping on the latest pre-treatment technologies of landfill leachate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117727. [PMID: 36924707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent strategy for solid waste management, adopted across the globe is landfill. Through microbial decomposition municipal solid waste degrades, producing end products such as carbon dioxide, methane, volatile organic compounds, and leachate. High levels of organic waste and heavy metals content in leachate can cause pervasive damage to the ecosystem and contaminate groundwater. Leachate requires extensive treatment before being released into the environment because of its complex chemical composition and identifying the appropriate technologies for leachate treatment remains a key problem for municipal landfill operations. Given the possible harm caused by substantially contaminated leachate, it should adhere to stricter quality criteria for direct disposal of leachate and one treatment method cannot efficiently tackle all the pollutants. In order to reduce the landfill leachates high fouling power, pre-treatment of landfill leachate is necessary. The study provides a comprehensive review of pre-treatment technologies, as well as a critical assessment of strengths and limitations. Current review-based analysis was undertaken based on the filtered 395 papers published for science mapping and to evaluate the qualitative studies in the area of pre-treatment of Landfill Leachate till 2022. A three-step process was employed to conduct bibliometric analysis, qualitative valuation, and identification of influential and productive journals, countries, researchers and articles, emerging technology, and outlining some of the major research gaps in the research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Kundu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | | | - Ratnesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajay S Kalamdhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Devos P, Filali A, Grau P, Gillot S. Sidestream characteristics in water resource recovery facilities: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119620. [PMID: 36780748 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review compiles information on sidestream characteristics that result from anaerobic digestion dewatering (conventional and preceded by a thermal hydrolysis process), biological and primary sludge thickening. The objective is to define a range of concentrations for the different characteristics found in literature and to confront them with the optimal operating conditions of sidestream processes for nutrient treatment or recovery. Each characteristic of sidestream (TSS, VSS, COD, N, P, Al3+, Ca2+, Cl-, Fe2+/3+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, SO42-, heavy metals, micro-pollutants and pathogens) is discussed according to the water resource recovery facility configuration, wastewater characteristics and implications for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus based on current published knowledge on the processes implemented at full-scale. The thorough analysis of sidestream characteristics shows that anaerobic digestion sidestreams have the highest ammonium content compared to biological and primary sludge sidestreams. Phosphate content in anaerobic digestion sidestreams depends on the type of applied phosphorus treatment but is also highly dependent on precipitation reactions within the digester. Thermal Hydrolysis Process (THP) mainly impacts COD, N and alkalinity content in anaerobic digestion sidestreams. Surprisingly, the concentration of phosphate is not higher compared to conventional anaerobic digestion, thus offering more attractive recovery possibilities upstream of the digester rather than in sidestreams. All sidestream processes investigated in the present study (struvite, partial nitrification/anammox, ammonia stripping, membranes, bioelectrochemical system, electrodialysis, ion exchange system and algae production) suffer from residual TSS in sidestreams. Above a certain threshold, residual COD and ions can also deteriorate the performance of the process or the purity of the final nutrient-based product. This article also provides a list of characteristics to measure to help in the choice of a specific process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahlem Filali
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, UR PROSE, F-92761, Antony, France
| | - Paloma Grau
- Ceit and Tecnun, Manuel de Lardizabal 15, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain
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Li M, Zhang H, Sun H, Mohammed A, Liu Y, Lu Q. Effect of phosphate and ammonium concentrations, total suspended solids and alkalinity on lignin-induced struvite precipitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2901. [PMID: 35190636 PMCID: PMC8861142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve the problems of eutrophication and resource crisis, the recovery of phosphorus by struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) precipitation has become a focus of recent research. The feasibility of using Kraft lignin powder as a seed to promote struvite precipitation has been demonstrated in the previous study. In this study, the effect of lignin in promoting struvite precipitation in synthetic wastewater with different characteristics was investigated. Lignin-induced struvite crystallization was tested under various initial concentrations of PO4–P and NH4–N, total suspended solids (TSS) and alkalinity. At pH 7.9, the enhancement of PO4–P recovery remains around 45% under different PO4–P and NH4–N concentrations. Moreover, lignin is more effective under relatively lower alkalinity and still workable to reduce co-precipitates potential under higher alkalinity. Also, the effect of TSS on PO4–P recovery is not significant. Overall, the effect of lignin in promoting phosphorus recovery is relatively stable and can be used in synthetic wastewater with different characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhu Li
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Huixin Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Huijuan Sun
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Abdul Mohammed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Qingye Lu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Kwon G, Kang J, Nam JH, Kim YO, Jahng D. Struvite production from anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater using ferronickel slag as a magnesium source. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:429-443. [PMID: 31230556 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1631390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to fully recover ammonia contained at a high concentration in anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater (ADPW) by forming struvite. As magnesium and phosphorus sources, ferronickel slag (FNS) and K2HPO4 were used, respectively. By leaching 200 g L-1 of FNS with 3.0 M H2SO4, 10,309 mg L-1 of magnesium ions were extracted, and this acid-leachate of FNS (FNSL) also contained 5965 mg L-1 of total iron. In order to simultaneously remove both high concentrations of organic matters in ADPW and iron in FNSL which were known to hinder struvite formation, the mixture of ADPW and FNSL was added with H2O2 at the H2O2/Fe molar ratio of 0.75 and pH 4.0. After Fenton reaction, removal efficiencies of COD and total iron reached 77.36% and 99.89%, respectively. Then COD and an iron-reduced mixture of ADPW and FNSL were added with K2HPO4 satisfying Mg:N:P molar ratio of 1.2:1:1.15 at pH 9.5 to produce struvite for 1 h. From 1 L of ADPW (2.21 g NH3-N), 0.65 L of FNSL (4.65 g Mg2+), and 5.63 g of PO4 3-P, 46.7 g of precipitates were obtained. Overall removal efficiencies of magnesium, NH3-N, and phosphorus were 98.59%, 94.25%, and 99.97%, respectively. Obtained precipitates were analysed by using XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX and found to be struvite with impurities of potassium and metals. Additionally, the economic feasibility of FNS was assessed by estimating chemical costs of various magnesium sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyutae Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Nam
- Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-O Kim
- Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd., Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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New progress of ammonia recovery during ammonia nitrogen removal from various wastewaters. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:144. [PMID: 32856187 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of ammonia-nitrogen during wastewater treatment and water purification is increasingly critical in energy and economic development. The concentration of ammonia-nitrogen in wastewater is different depending on the type of wastewater, making it challenging to select ammonia-nitrogen recovery technology. Meanwhile, the conventional nitrogen removal method wastes ammonia-nitrogen resources. Based on the circular economy, this review comprehensively introduces the characteristics of several main ammonia-nitrogen source wastewater plants and their respective challenges in treatment, including municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, livestock and poultry wastewater and landfill leachate. Furthermore, we introduce the main methods currently adopted in the ammonia-nitrogen removal process of wastewater from physical (air stripping, ion exchange and adsorption, membrane and capacitive deionization), chemical (chlorination, struvite precipitation, electrochemical oxidation and photocatalysis) and biological (classical and typical activated sludge, novel methods based on activated sludge, microalgae and photosynthetic bacteria) classification based on the ammonia recovery concept. We discuss the applicable methods of recovering ammonia nitrogen in several main wastewater plants. Finally, we prospect the research direction of ammonia removal and recovery in wastewater based on sustainable development.
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Kwon G, Kang J, Nam JH, Kim YO, Jahng D. Recovery of ammonia through struvite production using anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater and leachate of sewage sludge ash. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:831-842. [PMID: 28355496 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1312550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestate of piggery wastewater (ADPW) contains high concentrations of ammonia and phosphorus with unbalanced molar ratio. Thus, ammonia remains at a high level even after phosphorus is completely removed through struvite formation. In this study, both ammonia and phosphorus were recovered by adding leachate of sewage sludge ash (SSA) into ADPW. It was demonstrated that 11,600 mg L-1 of total phosphorus and 7266.7 mg L-1 of [Formula: see text]-P were extracted from SSA by using sulfuric acid at the H2SO4/SSA mass ratio of 0.35. ADPW and the leachate of SSA were mixed at the volumetric ratio of 1:1.29, and then struvite was formed at the molar ratio of 1.2 (Mg2+):1.0 ([Formula: see text]-P):1.0 (NH3-N). Removal efficiencies of ammonia and phosphorus were 91.95% and 99.65%, respectively. The obtained struvite was analyzed by various methods and was found to meet the Korean fertilizer standards, except for copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyutae Kwon
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy , Myongji University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kang
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy , Myongji University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Nam
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy , Myongji University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Young-O Kim
- b Hyundai Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd. , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- a Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy , Myongji University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
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7
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Ping Q, Li Y, Wu X, Yang L, Wang L. Characterization of morphology and component of struvite pellets crystallized from sludge dewatering liquor: Effects of total suspended solid and phosphate concentrations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 310:261-269. [PMID: 26947188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale struvite pellet crystallization system was used to study phosphorus (P) removal and recovery from sludge dewatering liquor (SDL). Influences of total suspended solids (TSS) and phosphate concentrations on P removal as well as the size, morphology, purity, and components of struvite pellets were investigated. The increase in TSS concentration resulted in not only the decreases in phosphate removal efficiency and struvite purity but also the irregular pellet morphology and broken struvite crystals. Increasing inlet PO4-P concentration enhanced PO4-P removal, average struvite pellet diameter, purity and crystal volume growth rate. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), calcite, brucite and magnesium phosphate were formed as co-precipitates with struvite. However, species and quantity of co-precipitates could be variable. More calcium precipitates were easily formed at lower PO4-P concentration (48mg/L), while brucite was the main co-precipitate at higher PO4-P concentration (151mg/L). Organic compounds were involved in struvite pellets along with suspended solids during the formation of struvite. Higher TSS concentration resulted in both more species and higher contents of organic compounds in struvite pellets. Therefore, it is essential to remove suspended solids in advance so as to obtain high P-removal and harvest high-quality struvite pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xinghai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Darwish M, Aris A, Puteh MH, Abideen MZ, Othman MN. Ammonium-Nitrogen Recovery from Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization Technology. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2015.1119699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Wu D, Wang C, Dolfing J, Xie B. Short tests to couple N₂O emission mitigation and nitrogen removal strategies for landfill leachate recirculation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 512-513:19-25. [PMID: 25613766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Landfills implemented with onsite leachate recirculation can efficiently remove pollutants, but currently they are reckoned as N2O emission hot spots. In this project, we evaluated the relationship between N2O emission and nitrogen (N) removal efficiency with different types of leachate recirculated. Nitrate supplemented leachate showed low N2O emission rates with the highest N removal efficiency (~70%), which was equivalent to ~1% nitrogen emitted as N2O. Although in nitrite containing leachates' N removal efficiencies also reached to ~60%, their emitted N2O comprised ~40% of total removed nitrogen. Increasing nitrogen load promoted N2O emission and N removal efficiency, except in ammonia type leachate. When the ratio of BOD to total nitrogen increased from 0.2 to 0.4, the N2O emission flux from nitrate supplemented leachate decreased from ~25 to <0.5 μg N/kg-soil·h. We argue prior to leachate in situ recirculation, sufficient pre-aeration is critical to mitigate N2O surges and simultaneously enhance nitrogen removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wu
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Bing Xie
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Science, East China Normal University, 500 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai 200062, PR China.
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10
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He R, Tian BH, Zhang QQ, Zhang HT. Effect of Fenton oxidation on biodegradability, biotoxicity and dissolved organic matter distribution of concentrated landfill leachate derived from a membrane process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 38:232-239. [PMID: 25660905 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of concentrated landfill leachate from membrane process is a troublesome issue due to high concentrations of biorecalcitrant pollutants. In this study, the effect of Fenton process on dissolved organic matter (DOM) distribution (i.e. humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA) and hydrophilic fraction (HyI)), chemical forms of toxic organic compounds and metals, and their biotoxicity were investigated. In the concentrated leachate, toluene, ethylbenzene and chlorobenzene predominated in the HyI fraction, while phthalate esters (PAEs) were mainly absorbed on the HA and FA fractions. PAEs were more readily removed from the HA and FA fractions than that from the HyI fraction in the Fenton process. The complexing abilities of DOM varied with types of metal in the concentrated leachate. The biotoxicities of the DOM fractions to luminescent bacteria (Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 mutation) were HA > FA > - HyI. The biotoxicities of the hydrophobic organic contaminants to luminescent bacteria were not obvious in the concentrated leachate due to their low concentrations. Metals might be the main contributor to the biotoxicity to luminous bacteria in the concentrated leachate. These results indicated that Fenton process could influence the pollutants distribution in DOM and their biotoxicities through the breakdown of HA and FA in the concentrated leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Bao-Hu Tian
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Galleguillos M, Keffala C, Vasel JL. Simulation of a membrane bioreactor pilot treating old landfill leachates with activated sludge model no. 1 and no. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 33:1955-1965. [PMID: 22439584 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.561878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge model No. 1 (ASM1) and activated sludge model No. 3 (ASM3) can simulate correctly the behaviour of a pilot membrane bioreactor treating old landfill leachates. Both models show similar results, which are consistent with measured data. In this work, a simplified calibration procedure is applied including hydrodynamic and oxygen transfer characterization. The wastewater characterisation was based on a physical-chemical method combined with a BOD analysis for the COD fractions and on standard analysis for nitrogen forms. Default parameters were used for both models; despite this, good simulations were obtained showing the flexibility and accuracy of the well-achieved ASM family models. The sensibility analysis performed allows identification of the most important kinetic, stoichiometric and operational parameters that should be measured to confirm or replace default values. In this specific case, the simulation is most sensitive to heterotrophic yield, particularly under anoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Galleguillos
- Department of Science and Environmental Management, University of Liège, Arlon, Belgium.
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Galleguillos M, Vasel JL. Landfill leachate characterization for simulation of biological treatment with Activated Sludge Model No. 1 and Activated Sludge Model No. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1259-1267. [PMID: 21970168 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.534822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates can be characterized correctly in terms of Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) variables. The wastewater characterization of leachate from a Luxembourg landfill was based on a physical-chemical method combined with a BOD analysis for the COD fractions and on standard analysis for forms of nitrogen. The results show important differences compared with municipal wastewater. High amounts of organic matter with low biodegradability were found, as well as a high concentration of ammonium nitrogen. Based on average values, a generic ASM characterization is proposed for landfill leachates. It can be directly employed in the early stages of the simulation of landfill leachate treatment with activated sludge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Galleguillos
- Department of Science and Environmental Management, University of Liège, Arlon, Belgium.
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Yilmaz T, Aygün A, Berktay A, Nas B. Removal of COD and colour from young municipal landfill leachate by Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:1635-1640. [PMID: 21275259 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.494692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Landfill is a common solution for the final disposal of municipal solid waste in Turkey. In recent years, studies of landfill leachate treatment by Fenton process have indicated that these methods can effectively reduce concentrations of organic contaminants and colour. The aim of this study is to investigate the removal efficiencies of colour and organic matter as COD from young municipal landfill leachate and the effect of operating conditions such as initial pH and Fenton's reagent dosage. Leachate was collected from municipal sanitary landfill located in city of Konya, Turkey. The main characteristics of the leachate were: pH = 7.25, colour = 3510 ptCo, COD = 38200 mgL(-1), BOD5 = 22000 mgL(-1), ratio of BOD5/COD was 0.58 and alkalinity as CaCO3 = 10250 mgL(-1). It is observed that presenting a high value of COD and BOD5 and the rate of BOD5/COD values indicate that the leachate can be defined as young. The treatment of the leachate by Fenton process was carried out in a batch reactor. Under the optimal operation conditions (initial pH = 3, 2000 mgL(-1) Fe2+ and 5000 mgL(-1) H2O2), 55.9% of the initial COD and 89.4% colour were removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Yilmaz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
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Uysal A, Yilmazel YD, Demirer GN. The determination of fertilizer quality of the formed struvite from effluent of a sewage sludge anaerobic digester. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 181:248-254. [PMID: 20605682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The formation of struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4).6H(2)O) in wastewater treatment plants can lead to scaling and thus operational problems reducing the treatment efficiency. However, struvite has significant commercial value as an agricultural fertilizer. Therefore, controlled struvite formation in wastewater treatment plants not only presents an opportunity to recover nutrients but also corresponds to the valorization of wastes. NH(4)-N and PO(4)-P removal and recovery from the effluent of a full-scale sewage sludge anaerobic digester via controlled struvite precipitation were investigated in this study. The effect of the residual heavy metal and micropollutant content of the formed struvite on fertilizer quality was also evaluated. Removal efficiencies of NH(4)-N, PO(4)-P and COD were 89.35%, 95% and 39.78% when Mg:N:P molar ratio was 1.5:1:1 and pH was 9.0. Mercury, nickel, zinc and chrome concentrations derived from struvite precipitation were below the regulatory limit for fertilizer usage in Turkey. The precipitate did not contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis conducted on the precipitate indicated a struvite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Uysal
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Gunay A, Karadag D, Tosun I, Ozturk M. Use of magnesit as a magnesium source for ammonium removal from leachate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2008; 156:619-623. [PMID: 18243541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Revised: 12/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using magnesit (MgCO(3)) as a low cost source of magnesium ions in the struvite precipitation for the removal of high ammonium content of leachate was evaluated. Optimum molar concentration and pH conditions were analyzed to minimize the struvite solubility. Since solubility of magnesit in water is low, HCl was used to obtain soluble Mg. Maximum soluble Mg was obtained for the addition of 2 M HCl to the 1 M MgCO(3). Struvite precipitation with magnesit was effective for the removal of ammonium, suspended solid, phosphate and turbidity. Economical evaluation was made comparing the costs of two magnesium sources, MgCl(2) and MgCO(3). The economical analysis has shown that operation cost of struvite precipitation can be reduced about 18% by using MgCO(3) instead of MgCl(2). High salt concentration after struvite precipitation has no inhibitory effect on the anaerobic reactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gunay
- Balikesir University, Environmental Engineering Department, Cagis, Balikesir, Turkey.
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