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Birgül A, Kurt-Karakuş PB. Air monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in Bursa Türkiye: Levels, temporal trends and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169397. [PMID: 38128657 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring concentration levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is required to evaluate the effectiveness of international regulations to minimize the emissions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) into the environment. In this manner, we evaluated the spatial and temporal variations of 22 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) using polyurethane foam passive air samplers at ten stations in Bursa in 2017 and 2018. The highest concentration value for Σ22OCPs was detected in Ağaköy (775 pg/m3) and Demirtaş (678 pg/m3) sampling sites, while the lowest value was observed in Uludağ University Campus (UUC, 284 pg/m3) site. HCB, γ-HCH, Endo I, and Mirex were the most frequently detected OCPs, which shows their persistence. Diagnostic ratios of β-/(α + γ)-HCH have pointed to historical and possible illegal OCP usage in the study area. The seasonality of air concentrations (with spring and summer concentrations higher than winter and autumn concentrations) was well exhibited by α-HCH, β-HCH, ɣ-HCH, HCB, Endo I, and Mirex but not aldrin, dieldrin, and α-chlordane (CC). Levels of OCPs detected in ambient air in the current study were relatively similar to or lower than those reported in previous studies conducted in Türkiye. Back trajectory analysis was applied to identify the possible sources of OCPs detected in the sampling regions. The Clausius-Clapeyron approach was used to investigate the temperature dependence of OCP gas-phase atmospheric concentrations. The data showed that long-range atmospheric transport affects ambient air OCP concentrations in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aşkın Birgül
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Mimar Sinan Mahallesi Mimar Sinan Bulvarı Eflak Caddesi No:177, 16310 Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Perihan Binnur Kurt-Karakuş
- Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering, Mimar Sinan Mahallesi Mimar Sinan Bulvarı Eflak Caddesi No:177, 16310 Yıldırım/Bursa, Turkey
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Agus S, Akkaya H, Daglioglu N, Eyuboglu S, Atasayan O, Mete F, Colak C, Sandal S, Yilmaz B. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in breast milk samples and their correlation with dietary and reproductive factors in lactating mothers in Istanbul. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3463-3473. [PMID: 34386925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) continue to threaten the environment and human health. We have investigated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorinated pesticides (OCPs) in breast milk samples. A questionnaire was also obtained from the study participants. A total of 48 healthy lactating mothers (mean age: 29.5±0.8 years) living in Istanbul volunteered to participate in this study. High-resolution analyses of several OCPs and PCB congeners were done by gas chromatography. The levels of seven major PCB congeners (28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) and eight OCPs (α-benzenehexachloride, β-benzenehexachloride, δ-benzenehexachloride, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (2,4DDE), 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (4,4DDE), 2,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2,4DDT), and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4DDT)) were determined. The analysis showed that the highest levels of PCBs were observed in PCB 52 (22.99±8.78 ng/g lipid), PCB 101 (12.22±7.8 ng/g lipid), PCB 28 (11.44±5.16 ng/g lipid), and PCB 153 (1.70±0.74 ng/g lipid). The highest OCPs detected were 4,4DDT (3.33±2.05 ng/g lipid) and 4,4DDE (0.86 ± 0.39 ng/g lipid), and the lowest was observed in HCB (0.016 ± 0.01 ng/g lipid). Our findings show that traces of PCBs and OCPs are still present in breast milk of lactating women living in Istanbul, and these pollutants decline in multipara women compared to primipara mothers. We also suggest that breast milk is a useful and representative biological tool for human biomonitoring of POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Agus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Akkaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry , University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nebile Daglioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Signem Eyuboglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozge Atasayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mete
- Department of Pediatrics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemil Colak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sandal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Yeditepe University, 34755, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Mermer S, Yalcin M, Turgut C. The uptake modeling of DDT and its degradation products (o,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDE) from soil. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Uskun E, Şahin G, Ay R, Nayir T. Bazı Sık Kullanılan Organofosfatlı Pestisitlerin Anne Sütünde Kalıntılarının Belirlenmesi. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.304660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Ulutaş OK, Çok I, Darendeliler F, Aydin B, Çoban A, Henkelmann B, Schramm KW. Blood levels of polychlorinated biphenlys and organochlorinated pesticides in women from Istanbul, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:132. [PMID: 25701473 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The human body is not a chemically uncontaminated system. Every simple action that humans undertake, such as drinking water, eating, nursing, and even breathing air, puts the system under environmental xenobiotic exposure stress. Environmental chemicals have been shown to produce unwanted effects on health and remove the right to healthy living, starting from the first encounter in utero to geriatrics, throughout the lifespan. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels, important members of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have been detected before in human breast milk and also in the adipose tissue of women from different regions of Turkey; however, there was no information about the blood levels of these chemicals. This study generated the first information that evaluates OCP and PCB contamination levels in the blood of the women living in Turkey. The current study measured the blood concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in 58 healthy women (age 20-41 years; mean age 28 years) who were living in Istanbul, Turkey, in the years 2010-2012. Samples were analyzed for 29 OCPs and 18 PCB congeners using high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). PCB 153 was the predominant congener (643.2 pg/g lipid), followed by PCB 138 and PCB 180. 4,4'-DDE (24872.8 pg/g lipid) was the most common organochlorinated pesticide contaminant in studied blood samples. Results for analyzed chlorinated compounds were as follows: ∑PCB 2682 ± 3300 pg/g lipid; ∑DDT 25,938 ± 28,644 pg/g lipid; and ∑HCH 2930 ± 2222 pg/g lipid, respectively. The mean concentration of ∑WHOPCB-TEQ was 0.037 pg/g on a lipid basis. This information will be important base data during the assessment of the general health concerns of women, as well as for studies about how endocrine disruptors affect humans for forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Kenan Ulutaş
- Department of Toxicology, Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, 06330, Hipodrom, Ankara, Turkey,
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Bruggemann R, Scherb H, Schramm KW, Cok I, Voigt K. CombiSimilarity, an innovative method to compare environmental and health data sets with different attribute sizes example: eighteen Organochlorine Pesticides in soil and human breast milk samples. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 105:29-35. [PMID: 24780230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Human health and the health of the environment have entwined. In this paper we underpin this position by presenting a modeling approach named CombiSimilarity, which has been developed by the first author in the software tool PyHasse comprising a wide variety of partial ordering tools. A case study of 18 Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) detected in soil as well as in human breast milk samples in the Taurus Mountains in Turkey is carried out. Seven soil samples and 44 breast milk samples were measured. We seek to answer the question whether the contamination pattern in breast milk is associated with the contamination pattern in soil by studying the mutual quantitative relationships of the chemicals involved. We could demonstrate that there is a similarity with respect to the concentration profiles between the soil and breast milk pollution. Therefore the hypothesis may be formulated that the concentrations of chemicals in the milk samples are strongly related to the soil contamination. This supports the concept that soil could be a surrogate for human exposure at background locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Bruggemann
- Leibniz-Institute of Fresh Water Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hagen Scherb
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; TUM, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan fuer Ernaehrung und Landnutzung, Department fuer Biowissenschaften, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany
| | - Ismet Cok
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kristina Voigt
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Shen H, Xu W, Peng S, Scherb H, She J, Voigt K, Alamdar A, Schramm KW. Pooling samples for "top-down" molecular exposomics research: the methodology. Environ Health 2014; 13:8. [PMID: 24524244 PMCID: PMC3978125 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposomics is the cutting-edge concept of screening the environmental risk factors for disease. In the novel "top-down" approach, we estimate the molecular exposome by measuring all body fluid analytes in a case-controlled study. However, to detect diverse pollutants, a sufficient sample size and multiple analytical methods are required. This may lead to dramatically increased costs and research workload. METHODS To help reduce complexity, we suggest a sample pooling strategy along with a scheme for combining both general unknown or multi-targeted screening with targeted analysis. The sample pooling method was tested using computer simulations. RESULTS By comprehensively analysis of pooled samples, it is possible to identify environmental risk factors. Factors are initially screened in the pooled case and control population samples, then in the randomized grouped and pooled case and control subpopulation samples. In the sample grouping, five or more pools were suggested for groups having 30 individuals per pool. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sample pooling is a useful strategy for exposomics research, which provides a hypothesis-free method for pollutant risk screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Weipan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Siyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Hagen Scherb
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85765 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jianwen She
- Environmental Health Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Kristina Voigt
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Computational Biology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85765 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ambreen Alamdar
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Molecular EXposomics (MEX), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department für Biowissenschaftliche Grundlagen, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Steig 23, 85350 Freising, Germany
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