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Kavurma MM, Bursill C, Stanley CP, Passam F, Cartland SP, Patel S, Loa J, Figtree GA, Golledge J, Aitken S, Robinson DA. Endothelial cell dysfunction: Implications for the pathogenesis of peripheral artery disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1054576. [PMID: 36465438 PMCID: PMC9709122 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1054576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by occluded or narrowed arteries that reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. The treatment focuses on lifestyle changes, management of modifiable risk factors and vascular surgery. In this review we focus on how Endothelial Cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to PAD pathophysiology and describe the largely untapped potential of correcting endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, we describe current treatments and clinical trials which improve EC dysfunction and offer insights into where future research efforts could be made. Endothelial dysfunction could represent a target for PAD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Bursill
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Freda Passam
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacky Loa
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- The Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Aitken
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Iftimie S, García-Heredia A, Pujol I, Ballester F, Fort-Gallifa I, Simó JM, Joven J, Camps J, Castro A. Preliminary study on serum paraoxonase-1 status and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 in hospitalized elderly patients with catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1417-24. [PMID: 27334497 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common among elderly patients in residential care facilities, as well as in the hospital setting. Identifying new biochemical markers of UTI is an active line of research since UTI management is resource intensive. Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) forms part of the patient's immune system, the response-to-injury and inflammation. Our study sought to evaluate alterations in inflammation-related paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in patients with an indwelling catheter to assess their potential usefulness as biomarkers of infection. Patients (n = 142) who had had the urinary catheter removed and 100 healthy volunteers were recruited. In all participants we measured serum PON1 activity, PON1 concentration, CCL2, procalcitonin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results indicated that patients had higher CCL2, CRP and procalcitonin concentrations than the control group, and lower paraoxonase activity. There were no significant differences in PON1 concentrations. When comparing the diagnostic accuracy of CRP, procalcitonin, CCL2 and the PON1-related variables in discriminating between patients with and those without UTI, we found a considerable degree of overlap between groups, i.e., a low diagnostic accuracy. However, there were significant inverse logarithmic correlations between serum paraoxonase activity and the number of days the urinary catheter had been in situ. Our results suggest that measurement of these biochemical variables may be useful in investigating complications of long-term use of these devices and help to improve the economic and clinical investment required in the management of the often-associated infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iftimie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Pujol
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Comerç 42, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Ballester
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Comerç 42, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - I Fort-Gallifa
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Comerç 42, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J M Simó
- Laboratori de Referència Sud, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Comerç 42, 43204, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Joven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Camps
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - A Castro
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan, s/n, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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Kaur H, Sidhu S, Sambyal V. MCP-1, dM2-PK and traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease among type II diabetes patients. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0235-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, Camps J. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11323-38. [PMID: 25993297 PMCID: PMC4463702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C–C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
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Ye Y, Yang X, Zhao X, Chen L, Xie H, Zeng Y, Shen Z, Fan Z, Liu Z, Zhang S. Serum chemokine CCL17/thymus activation and regulated chemokine is correlated with coronary artery diseases. Atherosclerosis 2015; 238:365-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rull A, Hernandez-Aguilera A, Fibla M, Sepulveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Riera-Borrull M, Sirvent JJ, Martín-Paredero V, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Understanding the role of circulating chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities. Vasc Med 2014; 19:442-51. [PMID: 25336430 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x14554034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in peripheral artery disease is unclear. We measured the difference between serum and plasma levels of CCL2 in patients with chronic ischemia threatening the lower extremities following the observation that atypical chemokine receptors in blood and tissue cells may prevent CCL2 from entering the circulation and consequently modulate its function of attracting monocytes to the site of lesion. To identify the influence of CCL2, we compared the patients' values to those in bio-banked samples from a control population. Further, we explored the association with the Asp42Gly polymorphism (rs12075) in Duffy antigen chemokine receptor; one of these atypical chemokine receptors. When possible, we evaluated in surgically excised normal and affected arteries the calcium burden as well as the expression of CCL2 and related receptors reflecting the inflammatory status. Our findings indicate that circulating CCL2 was significantly associated with the severity and presence of the disease (OR 0.966, 95% CI 0.944 to 0.988, p = 0.003). Circulating CCL2 was dependent on the rs12075 genotype (AA>AG>GG), which, probably, indicates a higher expression of chemokine receptor in the arteries of AA subjects. The associations with genetic variants and the over-expression of atypical chemokine receptors in diseased arteries may have potential implications and our data indicate that CCL2 may represent a previously unrecognized factor that needs to be considered in the screening of patients with risk factors for peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernandez-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fibla
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Sepulveda
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Riera-Borrull
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Juan J Sirvent
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Servei d'Angiologia, Cirurgia Vascular i Endovascular, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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Shaker O, Sadik N. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as prognostic markers of diabetic nephropathy. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 32:1089-96. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327112470274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to find the relationship between serum transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) throughout the course of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to assess the relationship between both levels and other parameters of renal injury such as albumin/creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum TGF-β1, urinary MCP-1, eGFR, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured in 60 patients with type II diabetes mellitus with different degrees of nephropathy (20 patients with normoalbuminuria, 20 patients with microalbuminuria, and 20 patients with macroalbuminuria) and compared with 20 matched healthy control subjects. Both the levels of serum TGF-β1 and urinary MCP-1 were significantly higher in patients with micro- and macroalbuminuria (137.8 ± 69.5 and 329.25 ± 41.46 ng/dl, respectively, for TGF-β1 and 167.41 ± 50.23 and 630.87 ± 318.10 ng/g creatinine, respectively, for MCP-1) compared with normoalbuminuric patients and healthy controls (33.25 ± 17.5 and 29.64 ± 10.57 ng/dl, respectively, for TGF-β1 and 63.85 ± 21.15 and 61.50 ± 24.81 ng/g creatinine, respectively, for MCP-1; p < 0.001). There was a positive significant correlation between the levels of serum TGF-β1 and those of urinary MCP-1 ( r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Also, serum TGF-β1 and urinary MCP-1 correlated positively with HbA1c ( r = 0.49 and 0.55, respectively, p < 0.05 for both) and inversely with eGFR ( r = −0.69 and −0.60, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). We can conclude that serum TGF-β1 and urinary MCP-1 can be used as the markers for detection of progression of DN. Antagonizing TGF-β1 and MCP-1 might be helpful in attenuating the progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- O.G. Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N.A.H. Sadik
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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HOU CUIFEN, SUI ZHIHUA. CCR2 Antagonists for the Treatment of Diseases Associated with Inflammation. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG DISCOVERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735346-00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The CCR2 and MCP-1 pathway has become one of the most-studied chemokine systems for therapeutic use in inflammatory diseases and conditions. It plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases, especially those that are characterized by monocyte-rich infiltration. This chapter reviews the biology of CCR2 and MCP-1, and their roles in diseases and conditions related to inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, nephropathy, cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and pain. Intense drug-discovery efforts over the past 15 years have generated a large number of CCR2 antagonists in diverse structural classes. Mutagenesis studies have elucidated important residues on CCR2 that interact with many classes of these CCR2 antagonists. To facilitate understanding of CCR2 antagonist SAR, a simple pharmacophore model is used to summarize the large number of diverse chemical structures. The majority of published compounds are classified based on their central core structures using this model. Key SAR points in the published literature are briefly discussed for most of the series. Lead compounds in each chemical series are highlighted where information is available. The challenges in drug discovery and development of CCR2 antagonists are briefly discussed. Clinical candidates in various diseases in the public domain are summarized with a brief discussion about the clinical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- CUIFEN HOU
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - ZHIHUA SUI
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development Welsh and McKean Roads, Spring House, PA 19477 USA
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Papatheodorou K, Papanas N, Papazoglou D, Gioka T, Antonoglou C, Glaros D, Maltezos E. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 is correlated with glycemic control and peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome. Angiology 2012; 64:223-9. [PMID: 22492254 DOI: 10.1177/0003319712440143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and their association with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in 199 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome ([MetS], group A) in comparison with 109 healthy controls (group B). In group A, MCP-1 levels were significantly (P < .001) higher than group B and exhibited a positive correlation with HbA1c (P < .001) and a negative correlation with ankle-brachial index (P < .001). In the same group, patients with PAD had significantly higher MCP-1 levels compared with those without PAD (P < .001). In conclusion, T2DM patients with MetS exhibit higher serum MCP-1 levels. The latter is associated with worse glycemic control and PAD. These results suggest a potential contributory role for MCP-1 in the pathogenesis of PAD in the presence of hyperglycemia and MetS in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Papatheodorou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis Greece.
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Satiroglu O, Uydu HA, Demir A, Bostan M, Atak M, Bozkurt E. Association between plasma monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and the extent of atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2011; 224:301-6. [PMID: 21799302 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.224.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease occurs at advanced ages and accounts for substantial cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a member of the cysteine-cysteine family of chemokines, is one of the cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is also known as cysteine-cysteine chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). The aim of the current study was to investigate the association between the extent of atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (PAD) and the increase in MCP-1 level. Eighty consecutive patients who had undergone peripheral angiography for suspected PAD were included. Of these patients, 48 (60%) had hypertension, 23 (28.8%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 39 (48.8%) had a family history of coronary artery disease, 23 (28.8%) were cigarette smokers, and 42 (52.5%) had hypercholesterolemia. Angiography revealed that the peripheral arteries of the lower extremity were normal in 41 (51.3%) patients, whereas 39 (48.7%) patients had varying degrees of PAD. The patients were queried regarding age, gender, and atherosclerotic risk factors. The plasma MCP-1 levels were significantly lower in the patients without PAD than those in the patients with PAD (172.27 ± 38.05 pg/mL vs. 200.87 ± 39.31 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Moreover, as the severity of PAD increases, MCP-1 levels also increase. Thus, the plasma MCP-1 level can be used in the diagnosis of PAD and in determining the extent of atherosclerotic PAD of the lower extremities, as in determining the extent of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Satiroglu
- Department of Cardiology, Rize University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey.
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11
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Chemokine MCP-1 and atherosclerosis. COR ET VASA 2011. [DOI: 10.33678/cor.2011.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Magri D, Vasilas P, Muto A, Fitzgerald TN, Fancher TT, Feinstein AJ, Nishibe T, Dardik A. Elevated monocytes in patients with critical limb ischemia diminish after bypass surgery. J Surg Res 2009; 167:140-50. [PMID: 19854451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mononuclear cells (MNC) increase neovascularization and ulcer healing after injection into an ischemic extremity. Circulating MNC are composed of lymphocytes (85%), monocytes (15%), and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC; 0.03%). We hypothesized that ischemic limbs secrete paracrine signals to recruit bone marrow-derived monocytes and EPC into the circulation, such that patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) have increased circulating monocytes compared with control patients. We also hypothesized that circulating monocytes and EPC recruitment decrease after resolution of ischemia with successful revascularization. METHODS We reviewed the records of all patients at the VA Connecticut Healthcare System undergoing primary, functionally successful, lower extremity peripheral bypass surgery between 2002 and 2007, but only including patients with both preoperative and postoperative (>4 mo) complete blood counts with differentials. RESULTS Patients with CLI (n = 24) had elevated preoperative monocyte counts compared with control patients (n = 8) (0.753 ± 0.04 versus 0.516 ± 0.05; P = 0.0046), whereas the preoperative lymphocyte counts were not significantly different. After revascularization, ischemic patients had decreased monocyte counts compared with control patients (-20% versus + 55%; P = 0.0003), although lymphocyte counts were unchanged in both groups. Diabetic patients also had reduced postoperative monocyte counts (-32% versus + 13%; P = 0.035). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the only factor that independently predicted reduced postoperative monocyte count was preoperative CLI (P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLI have increased numbers of circulating monocytes, and the monocyte number decreases with resolution of ischemia after successful revascularization. Circulating monocytes may be a clinically useful perioperative marker in patients with CLI undergoing vascular surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Magri
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Sommer G, Kralisch S, Stangl V, Vietzke A, Köhler U, Stepan H, Faber R, Schubert A, Lössner U, Bluher M, Stumvoll M, Fasshauer M. Secretory products from human adipocytes stimulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human endothelial cells. J Cell Biochem 2009; 106:729-37. [PMID: 19173302 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of fat cells can be found in obesity and increased adiposity is associated with endothelial dysfunction as an early event of atherosclerosis. However, it is unclear whether human adipocytes directly influence endothelial protein secretion. To study the crosstalk between fat and endothelial cells, human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in infranatants (Adipo) of primary differentiated human adipocytes. Interestingly, significantly increased secretion of 23 cytokines and chemokines from HUVECs was detected in four independent experiments after Adipo stimulation by protein array analysis detecting a total of 174 different proteins. Among those, time-dependent Adipo-induced upregulation of cytokine secretion in HUVECs was confirmed by ELISA for interleukin (IL)-8, monokine induced by gamma interferon, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1beta, MIP-3alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and IL-6. Factors besides adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha appear to mediate these stimulatory effects. Our findings suggest that endothelial cell secretion is significantly influenced towards a proinflammatory pattern by adipocyte-secreted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Sommer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Cleanthis M, Bhattacharya V, Smout J, Ashour H, Stansby G. Platelet Monocyte Aggregates and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 are not Inhibited by Aspirin in Critical Limb Ischaemia. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007; 33:725-30. [PMID: 17296320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Platelet monocyte aggregates (PMA) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play a significant role in atherosclerotic disease but the effect of aspirin and their role in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) requires further investigation. We have compared p-selectin, PMA and MCP-1 in patients with PAD treated with aspirin (75 mgs daily), with age matched controls not treated with aspirin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using flow cytometry and ELISA, P-selectin, PMA and MCP-1 were compared in 3 populations; healthy controls (n=12), intermittent claudication (n=19) and critical limb ischaemia (CLI), (n=10). RESULTS P-selectin was significantly higher in CLI patients (3.48% positive) compared to the claudicants (1. 36% positive) and the controls (1.76% positive). PMA levels were significantly higher for CLI population (44.5% positive) compared to the claudicants (20.48% positive) and the controls (28.33% positive). MCP-1 levels expression was significantly higher for the CLI patients (175.4 pg/mL) compared to the claudicants (76.1 pg/mL) and the controls (117.0 pg/mL). CONCLUSION Despite aspirin treatment CLI patients have higher platelet activation and MCP-1 expression than controls and claudicants. With increasing severity of disease aspirin is unable to suppress markers of platelet activation and pro-atherosclerotic chemokine expression which may represent another form of aspirin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cleanthis
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Vascular Surgery Department, Gateshead, UK
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Christodoulakos GE, Lambrinoudaki IV, Economou EV, Papadias C, Vitoratos N, Panoulis CP, Kouskouni EE, Vlachou SA, Creatsas GC. Circulating chemoattractants RANTES, negatively related to endogenous androgens, and MCP-1 are differentially suppressed by hormone therapy and raloxifene. Atherosclerosis 2006; 193:142-50. [PMID: 16842799 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardinal role of chronic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis is increasingly being recognized. Estrogens may prevent the evolution of atherosclerosis by suppressing immune response. Furthermore, the conflicting reports on the cardiovascular effects of hormone therapy between observational and clinical trials have triggered interest on the effect of alternative therapies on the cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effect of estrogen, estrogen-progestin, tibolone and raloxifene therapy on circulating markers of chemotaxis in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS Eighty-eight postmenopausal women aged 44-62 years were randomly allocated to daily: (1) conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg (CEE), (2) 17beta-estradiol 1mg plus norethisterone acetate 0.5mg (E(2)/NETA), (3) tibolone 2.5mg, (4) raloxifene HCl 60 mg or (5) no treatment. Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were measured at baseline and at 3 months. RESULTS Endogenous testosterone and free androgen index (FAI) correlated negatively, while SHBG correlated positively with serum RANTES (testosterone: r=-0.27, p=0.033; FAI: r=-0.43, p=0.004: SHBG: r=0.34, p=0.026). Serum MCP-1 decreased significantly in the CEE group (baseline 125.3+/-51 pg/ml, 3 months 84.5+/-36.1 pg/ml, p=0.043), while no difference was detected between baseline and post-treatment levels in the other groups. Furthermore, a significant decrease in serum RANTES was observed at the end of 3 months only in the E2/NETA and the raloxifene group (E2/NETA baseline 8690.6+/-3880.0 pg/ml, 3 months 6894.0+/-1720.0 pg/ml, p=0.007; raloxifene baseline 9042.4+/-3765.6 pg/ml, 3 months 6718.1+/-2366.2 pg/ml, p=0.011). CONCLUSION Endogenous androgens may suppress chemotactic response. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and raloxifene may inhibit the expression of chemoattractant molecules and thus attenuate inflammation. The relevance of these findings in terms of clinically established caridoprotection remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Christodoulakos
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, Athens, Greece
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16
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Arakelyan A, Petrkova J, Hermanova Z, Boyajyan A, Lukl J, Petrek M. Serum levels of the MCP-1 chemokine in patients with ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. Mediators Inflamm 2006; 2005:175-9. [PMID: 16106105 PMCID: PMC1526470 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine-driven migration of inflammatory cells has been
implicated in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis-associated
conditions such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. In
this study, a candidate chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant
protein (MCP)-1, was investigated in patients with both
aforementioned manifestations of atheroslerotic inflammation.
MCP-1 levels in serum were determined by ELISA in 40 healthy,
control subjects (C), 40 patients with ischemic stroke (IS), and
in 64 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Statistical
analysis utilised Mann-Whitney test, Fisher's exact test, and
Spearman's rank correlation (P < .05). In comparison to control
subjects (C; median/interquartile range: 239/126 pg/mL), MCP-1
serum levels were increased in both investigated patient cohorts
(IS: 384/370, P < .001; MI: 360/200, P < .002). There was a
substantial variability of MCP-1 serum levels, especially in the
IS group. No relationship was observed between chemokine levels
and atherosclerosis risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking,
and alcohol consumption), and MCP-1 was also not related to age or
gender. Elevation of MCP-1 in circulation of patients with
atherosclerosis-associated complications implicates this CC
chemokine ligand (CCL)2 in inflammatory processes, which
contribute to pathogenesis of myocardial infarction and ischemic
stroke. Further investigations, including patient stratification,
are however necessary to evaluate if MCP-1 can be utilised for
clinical management of patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Arakelyan
- Department of Immunology,
Palacký University Olomouc, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular
Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan,
Armenia
| | - J. Petrkova
- Department of Internal Medicine
I, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital Olomouc, 77520
Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Hermanova
- Department of Immunology,
Palacký University Olomouc, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - A. Boyajyan
- Institute of Molecular
Biology of the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan,
Armenia
| | - J. Lukl
- Department of Internal Medicine
I, Palacký University and Faculty Hospital Olomouc, 77520
Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Petrek
- Department of Immunology,
Palacký University Olomouc, 77520 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- * M. Petrek;
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Lee WJ, Sheu WHH, Chen YT, Liu TJ, Liang KW, Ting CT, Lee WL. Circulating CD40 ligand is elevated only in patients with more advanced symptomatic peripheral arterial diseases. Thromb Res 2006; 118:619-26. [PMID: 16356539 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD40 and its ligand participate in atherosclerosis formation, progression and destabilization. Increased soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) was observed in hypercholesterolemia, unstable angina and conditions with platelet activation. To date, there is no report on the association of sCD40L with angiographic peripheral artery disease (PAD) disease severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS From March 1999 to April 2004, consecutive patients having angiographically documented PAD and given consents for pre-procedural serum sample use were recruited into this study. The key PAD lesions should be > or = 70% diameter stenotic at the lower limbs and patients were dichotomized into two groups depending on total PAD lengths. Peer angiographic control subjects were those free of coronary disease, PAD and major medical diseases. The serum samples were thawed and analyzed for sCD40L, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and hs-CRP in a single batch. RESULTS A total of 63 well-defined lower-limb PAD patients and 30 control subjects were studied. Patients with PAD lengths >5 cm (N=38) presented higher sCD40L than those with lesions < or = 5 cm (N=25) (5430+/-459 vs. 3889+/-507 pg/ml, p=0.037) and control subjects (5430+/-459 vs. 3973+/-551 pg/ml, p=0.037). However, there was no significant difference in circulating MCP-1 (375+/-49 vs. 310+/-49 pg/ml and 297+/-24 pg/ml, respectively, p=0.371) or hs-CRP (0.64+/-0.16 vs. 0.51+/-0.15 mg/ml and 0.46+/-0.15 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.682) across three groups. PAD patients with associated coronary lesions did not differ in circulating CD40L, MCP-1 or hs-CRP from without and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Soluble CD40L was significantly elevated in patients with more advanced symptomatic PAD and might be an indicator for disease extent stratification. The distribution of sCD40L in PAD was not affected by coronary involvement or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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