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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Potue P, Chiangsaen P, Maneesai P, Khamseekaew J, Pakdeechote P, Chankitisakul V, Boonkum W, Duanghaklang N, Duangjinda M. Effects of Thai native chicken breast meat consumption on serum uric acid level, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14056. [PMID: 35982129 PMCID: PMC9388516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a high protein diet comprising breast meat from commercial broiler (BR), Thai native (PD), and commercial broiler × Thai native crossbred (KKU-ONE) chicken on serum uric acid, biochemical parameters, and antioxidant activities in rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The control group received a standard chow diet, and the other three groups were fed a high protein diet (70% standard diet + 30% BR, PD, or KKU-ONE chicken breast) for five weeks. The PD- and KKU-ONE-fed rats had lower plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control rats. A decrease in HDL-c was also observed in rats fed a diet containing BR. Liver weight, liver enzyme, plasma ALP, xanthine oxidase activity, serum uric acid, creatinine, superoxide production, and plasma malondialdehyde levels increased in BR-fed rats. The findings of this study might provide evidence to support the use of Thai native and Thai native crossbred chicken breast meat as functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Vibuntita Chankitisakul
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wuttigrai Boonkum
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Natthaya Duanghaklang
- Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Network Center for Animal Breeding and Omics Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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The Effects of Different Degrees of Carbohydrate Restriction and Carbohydrate Replacement on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Humans-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040991. [PMID: 32252374 PMCID: PMC7230871 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) often differ in their diet composition, which may lead to conflicting results between randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of different degrees of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on cardiometabolic risk markers in humans. The experimental LCDs of 37 human trials were classified as (1) moderate-low CHO diets (<45–40 E%, n = 13), (2) low CHO diets (<40–30 E%, n = 16), and (3) very-low CHO diets (<30–3 E%; n = 8). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in selected risk markers were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Differences between the LCD groups were assessed with univariate meta-regression analyses. Overall, the LCDs resulted in significant weight loss, reduced diastolic blood pressure BP, and increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), without significant differences between the three LCD groups. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were found with the very-low CHO diets compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Decreases in triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were more pronounced with the low and very-low CHO diets, compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Substitution of CHO by mainly saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C concentrations. Except for LDL-C and TAGs, effects were not related to the degree of CHO restriction. Potential effects of nutrient exchanges should be considered when following LCDs.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Cuervo M, Goni L, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Modeling of an integrative prototype based on genetic, phenotypic, and environmental information for personalized prescription of energy-restricted diets in overweight/obese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:459-470. [PMID: 31751449 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interindividual variability in weight loss and metabolic responses depends upon interactions between genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. OBJECTIVE We aimed to model an integrative (nutri) prototype based on genetic, phenotypic, and environmental information for the personalized prescription of energy-restricted diets with different macronutrient distribution. METHODS A 4-mo nutritional intervention was conducted in 305 overweight/obese volunteers involving 2 energy-restricted diets (30% restriction) with different macronutrient distribution: a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet (30% proteins, 30% lipids, and 40% carbohydrates) and a low-fat (LF) diet (22% lipids, 18% proteins, and 60% carbohydrates). A total of 201 subjects with good dietary adherence were genotyped for 95 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to energy homeostasis. Genotyping was performed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Two weighted genetic risk scores for the MHP (wGRS1) and LF (wGRS2) diets were computed using statistically relevant SNPs. Multiple linear regression models were performed to estimate percentage BMI decrease depending on the dietary macronutrient composition. RESULTS After energy restriction, both the MHP and LF diets induced similar significant decreases in adiposity, body composition, and blood pressure, and improved the lipid profile. Furthermore, statistically relevant differences in anthropometric and biochemical markers depending on sex and age were found. BMI decrease in the MHP diet was best predicted at ∼28% (optimism-corrected adjusted R2 = 0.279) by wGRS1 and age, whereas wGRS2 and baseline energy intake explained ∼29% (optimism-corrected adjusted R2 = 0.287) of BMI decrease variability in the LF diet. The incorporation of these predictive models into a decision algorithm allowed the personalized prescription of the MHP and LF diets. CONCLUSIONS Different genetic, phenotypic, and exogenous factors predict BMI decreases depending on the administration of a hypocaloric MHP diet or an LF diet. This holistic approach may help to personalize dietary advice for the management of excessive body weight using precision nutrition variables.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02737267.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Mexico
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology, and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Center Network in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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de Luis DA, Izaola O, Primo D, Ovalle HF, Lopez JJ, Gomez E, Ortola A, Aller R. Biochemical, Anthropometric and Lifestyle Factors Related with Weight Maintenance after Weight Loss Secondary to a Hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2017; 71:217-223. [PMID: 29136612 DOI: 10.1159/000484446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of lifestyle factors and molecular biomarkers on the maintenance of the weight lost after a hypocaloric Mediterranean diet. DESIGN After 3 months on a diet, patients (n = 335) remained with no controlled diet during 3 years and they were revaluated. RESULTS Using linear regression, in the group of responders, we detected that a positive weight loss at 3 months, serum levels of leptin at 3 months, and each 30 min per week of physical activity were associated with weight loss maintenance. In the model with reduced weight (RW) as dependent variable, a positive weight loss at 3 months was associated with 2.4% RW (95% CI 1.31-8.11; p = 0.015), each unit of serum leptin levels at 3 months with -0.44% RW (95% CI -0.59 to -0.020; p = 0.007), each basal unit homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) level with -2.32% (95% CI -13.01 to -0.17; p = 0.040), and each 30 min per week of physical activity with 1.58% RW (95% CI 1.08-2.94; p = 0.020). CONCLUSION Obese subjects who are on maintenance weight loss after a dietary intervention appear to have a better initial response during the 3 months intervention, more physical activity at 3 years, and lower basal HOMA-IR and leptin after weight loss than those who regain weight.
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Turck D, Bresson J, Burlingame B, Dean T, Fairweather‐Tait S, Heinonen M, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Nowicka G, Pentieva K, Sanz Y, Sjödin A, Stern M, Tomé D, Van Loveren H, Vinceti M, Willatts P, Martin A, Strain JJ, Siani A. A fixed carbohydrate:protein ratio ≤ 1.8 on an energy basis consumed in the context of an energy‐restricted diet and reduction of body weight: evaluation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04839. [PMID: 32625511 PMCID: PMC7009966 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Following an application from Marks and Spencer PLC, submitted for authorisation of a health claim pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 via the Competent Authority of the United Kingdom, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to a CHO:P ratio ≤ 1.8 on an energy basis in the context of an energy‐restricted diet and body weight. The Panel considers that the food/constituent that is the subject of the health claim is sufficiently characterised. The Panel also considers that reduction of body weight in the context of an energy‐restricted diet is a beneficial physiological effect. The target population proposed by the applicant is ‘adults between the ages of 18 and 70 years with excess body weight’. No conclusions could be drawn from two unpublished studies investigating the effect of ready‐to‐eat meals with a CHO:P ratio ≤ 1.8 on body weight. The remaining 14 human intervention studies investigated the effect of diets targeting a CHO:P ratio ≤ 1.8 as compared to diets targeting a CHO:P ratio ≥ 3.0 on overweight and obese adults in the context of energy restriction. Four out of seven studies lasting < 12 weeks reported an effect of a CHO:P ratio ≤ 1.8 on body weight in overweight/obese subjects, whereas no significant effect was observed in six out of the seven studies lasting 12 weeks or more. The Panel considers that these studies do not provide evidence for a sustained effect of the food/constituent on body weight. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of a fixed CHO:P ratio ≤ 1.8 on an energy basis consumed in the context of an energy‐restricted diet and reduction of body weight.
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Impact of intermittent hypoxia and exercise on blood pressure and metabolic features from obese subjects suffering sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome. J Physiol Biochem 2015; 71:589-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-015-0410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Navas-Carretero S, Holst C, Saris WH, van Baak MA, Jebb SA, Kafatos A, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, Handjieva-Darlenska T, Hlavaty P, Stender S, Larsen TM, Astrup A, Martinez JA. The Impact of Gender and Protein Intake on the Success of Weight Maintenance and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Benefits, Independent of the Mode of Food Provision: The DiOGenes Randomized Trial. J Am Coll Nutr 2015; 35:20-30. [PMID: 25826291 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2014.948642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maintenance of weight loss and associated cardiovascular benefits after following energy-restricted diets is still a challenging field, and thorough investigation is needed. The present research aimed to determine the role of protein and gender in relation to two different intervention models related to food supply, in a weight maintenance trial. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The DiOGenes trial was a long-term, multicenter, randomized, dietary intervention study, conducted in eight European countries (Clinical Trials.gov, NCT00390637), focusing on assessing the effectiveness of weight maintenance over 6 months. This secondary analysis intended to evaluate the different benefits for weight maintenance and cardiometabolic markers of two dietary advice delivery models: "shop + instruction intervention" vs "instruction-alone intervention," which were further categorized for gender and macronutrient intake. RESULTS The weight maintenance intervention based on different macronutrient intake showed, independently of the advice delivery model, in both sexes that higher protein consumption was more effective for weight stability, showing better results in obese women (low protein: 1.65 kg in males and 0.73 Kg in females vs high protein: 1.45 kg in males and -0.93 Kg in females) . Measurements concerning cardiovascular risk markers from subjects on both structured models produced similar trends in the subsequent follow-up period, with a lower rebound in women for most of the markers analyzed. CONCLUSION The reported dietary benefits for weight sustainability should be ascribed to the macronutrient distribution (higher protein diets) rather than to the structured mode of delivery. Higher weight regain in males was noted, as well as a metabolic divergence attributable to the sex, with a better biochemical outcome in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navas-Carretero
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Pamplona , SPAIN.,b CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition , Madrid , SPAIN
| | - Claus Holst
- e University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DENMARK.,f Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , DENMARK
| | - Wim H Saris
- g NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Marleen A van Baak
- g NUTRIM, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , THE NETHERLANDS
| | - Susan A Jebb
- h The Medical Research Council, Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory , Cambridge , UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- i Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Nutrition Clinic , University of Crete , Heraklion , Crete , GREECE
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- i Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine, and Nutrition Clinic , University of Crete , Heraklion , Crete , GREECE.,j Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol , Bristol , UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- k Department of Clinical Nutrition , German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke , Nuthetal , GERMANY.,l Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition , Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , GERMANY
| | - Teodora Handjieva-Darlenska
- m Department of Human Nutrition, Dietetics and Metabolic Diseases , National Transport Hospital , Sofia , BULGARIA
| | - Petr Hlavaty
- n Obesity Management Center, Institute of Endocrinology , Prague , CZECH REPUBLIC
| | - Steen Stender
- d Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Gentofte Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DENMARK
| | - Thomas M Larsen
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Pamplona , SPAIN.,c Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DENMARK
| | - Arne Astrup
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Pamplona , SPAIN.,c Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , DENMARK
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- a Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology , University of Navarra , Pamplona , SPAIN.,b CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition , Madrid , SPAIN
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Li CJ, Norstedt G, Hu ZG, Yu P, Li DQ, Li J, Yu Q, Sederholm M, Yu DM. Effects of a Macro-Nutrient Preload on Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:139. [PMID: 26441829 PMCID: PMC4584965 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Macro-nutrient preloads given 30 min before regular meals may improve metabolism. The aim was to investigate how type 2 diabetic patients react to a preload consisting of a blend of macro-nutrients with a low-glycemic index (Inzone Preload(®)). METHODS In a before-after study design, 30 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were enrolled in a 12-week program. All subjects were given Inzone Preload (43% proteins, 29% carbohydrates, 10% lipids, and 9% fibers, 71 kcal), 30 min before each meal during 12 weeks. Fasting glucose and postprandial 2 h glucose were monitored every second week. Body weight (BW) and waist circumference were measured each month. Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipids, fasting insulin, C-reactive protein, and homeostasis model assessment were evaluated before and after the intervention. Subjective appetite was monitored using visual analogue scales after the Inzone Preload. RESULTS The dietary intervention significantly influenced several metabolic parameters compared to base line. Inzone Preload treatment reduced mean postprandial plasma glucose levels (12.2 ± 1.2 vs. 10.5 ± 2.0 mmol/L), HbA1c (7.4 ± 0.3 vs. 7.1 ± 0.2%), mean total cholesterol (4.8 ± 0.9 vs. 4.3 ± 0.8 mmol/L), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.8 ± 0.6 vs. 2.5 ± 0.4 mmol/L), and CRP (1.5 ± 1.4 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7 mg/L). BW loss of more than 3% was seen in 13 participants (43%). Feelings of satiety were significantly higher after Inzone Preload than after habitual breakfast (p < 0.05). No significant changes in fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein and total triacylglycerol, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-β were observed. CONCLUSION A macro-nutrient preload treatment reduces postprandial glucose, inflammatory markers, and serum lipids in patients with T2DM. Approximately half of the study group also displayed reduced BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gunnar Norstedt
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhao-Gian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dai-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Magnus Sederholm
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - De-Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Department of Endocrinology, 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: De-Min Yu, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Disease Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,
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Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Avellaneda A, Planes J, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. Benefits on body fat composition of isocalorically controlled diets including functionally optimized meat products: Role of alpha-linolenic acid. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Frugé AD, Byrd SH, Fountain BJ, Cossman JS, Schilling MW, Gerard P. Race and gender disparities in nutrient intake are not related to metabolic syndrome in 20- to 59-year-old US adults. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2014; 12:430-6. [PMID: 25045798 DOI: 10.1089/met.2014.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between macronutrient and micronutrient intake and metabolic syndrome within race and gender cohorts of young US adults. METHODS The 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for adults (n=2440) aged 20-59 were analyzed. Two 24-hr dietary recalls were used to measure intake of total calories, macronutrients, and 20 vitamins and minerals. Metabolic syndrome and its components were defined by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute criteria. Differences in statistical tests were noted when significant at P<0.05. RESULTS Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 20- to 59-year-old adults was 30.4% [95% confidence interval 27.6-33.2]. Among cohorts, metabolic syndrome was highest in black women and white men, and lowest in black men and white women. Regression analysis indicated that no macronutrients were associated with greater risk of metabolic syndrome. For relative macronutrient intake, men with metabolic syndrome consumed more polyunsaturated fats, whereas women with metabolic syndrome consumed more total, saturated and monounsaturated fats and less fiber and starch than women without metabolic syndrome. Among races, white men and women consumed greater absolute quantities of all macronutrients except carbohydrates and sugar. Micronutrient intake was greatest for white men and women; women without metabolic syndrome had greater micronutrient adequacy than women with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION Nutrient intake varied between race/gender cohorts; however, there were few clinically significant differences in nutrient intake between those with and without metabolic syndrome. Diet may be marginally related to diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Frugé
- 1 Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University , Mississippi State, Mississippi
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Naude CE, Schoonees A, Senekal M, Young T, Garner P, Volmink J. Low carbohydrate versus isoenergetic balanced diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100652. [PMID: 25007189 PMCID: PMC4090010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some popular weight loss diets restricting carbohydrates (CHO) claim to be more effective, and have additional health benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease compared to balanced weight loss diets. METHODS AND FINDINGS We compared the effects of low CHO and isoenergetic balanced weight loss diets in overweight and obese adults assessed in randomised controlled trials (minimum follow-up of 12 weeks), and summarised the effects on weight, as well as cardiovascular and diabetes risk. Dietary criteria were derived from existing macronutrient recommendations. We searched Medline, EMBASE and CENTRAL (19 March 2014). Analysis was stratified by outcomes at 3-6 months and 1-2 years, and participants with diabetes were analysed separately. We evaluated dietary adherence and used GRADE to assess the quality of evidence. We calculated mean differences (MD) and performed random-effects meta-analysis. Nineteen trials were included (n = 3209); 3 had adequate allocation concealment. In non-diabetic participants, our analysis showed little or no difference in mean weight loss in the two groups at 3-6 months (MD 0.74 kg, 95%CI -1.49 to 0.01 kg; I2 = 53%; n = 1745, 14 trials; moderate quality evidence) and 1-2 years (MD 0.48 kg, 95%CI -1.44 kg to 0.49 kg; I2 = 12%; n = 1025; 7 trials, moderate quality evidence). Furthermore, little or no difference was detected at 3-6 months and 1-2 years for blood pressure, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose (>914 participants). In diabetic participants, findings showed a similar pattern. CONCLUSIONS Trials show weight loss in the short-term irrespective of whether the diet is low CHO or balanced. There is probably little or no difference in weight loss and changes in cardiovascular risk factors up to two years of follow-up when overweight and obese adults, with or without type 2 diabetes, are randomised to low CHO diets and isoenergetic balanced weight loss diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste E. Naude
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anel Schoonees
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marjanne Senekal
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Taryn Young
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul Garner
- Effective Health Care Research Consortium, Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jimmy Volmink
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Cochrane Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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González-Muniesa P, Quintero P, De Andrés J, Martínez JA. Hypoxia: a consequence of obesity and also a tool to treat excessive weight loss. Sleep Breath 2014; 19:7-8. [PMID: 24807116 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-014-0972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro González-Muniesa
- Centre for Nutrition Research/Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
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A new dietary strategy for long-term treatment of the metabolic syndrome is compared with the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines: the MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in NAvarra (RESMENA) project. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:643-52. [PMID: 23968597 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects of dietary strategies designed to combat the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a new dietary strategy based on macronutrient distribution, antioxidant capacity and meal frequency (MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in NAvarra (RESMENA) diet) for the treatment of the MetS when compared with the American Heart Association guidelines, used as Control. Subjects with the MetS (fifty-two men and forty-one women, age 49 (se 1) years, BMI 36·11 (se 0·5) kg/m²) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary groups. After a 2-month nutritional-learning intervention period, during which a nutritional assessment was made for the participants every 15 d, a 4-month self-control period began. No significant differences were found between the groups concerning anthropometry, but only the RESMENA group exhibited a significant decrease in body weight ( - 1·7%; P= 0·018), BMI ( - 1·7%; P= 0·019), waist circumference ( - 1·8%; P= 0·021), waist:hip ratio ( - 1·4%; P= 0·035) and android fat mass ( - 6·9%; P= 0·008). The RESMENA group exhibited a significant decrease in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations ( - 26·8%; P= 0·008 and - 14·0%; P= 0·018, respectively), while the Control group exhibited a significant increase in glucose (7·9%; P= 0·011), AST (11·3%; P= 0·045) and uric acid (9·0%; P< 0·001) concentrations. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were increased (Control group: 34·4%; P< 0·001 and RESMENA group: 33·8%; P< 0·001), but interestingly so were the LDL-C:apoB ratio (Control group: 28·7%; P< 0·001, RESMENA group: 17·1%; P= 0·009) and HDL-cholesterol concentrations (Control group: 21·1%; P< 0·001, RESMENA group: 8·7; P= 0·001). Fibre was the dietary component that most contributed to the improvement of anthropometry, while body-weight loss explained changes in some biochemical markers. In conclusion, the RESMENA diet is a good long-term dietary treatment for the MetS.
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Beneficial effects of the RESMENA dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:6903-19. [PMID: 23535332 PMCID: PMC3645670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14046903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are conditions directly related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new weight-loss dietary pattern on improving the oxidative stress status on patients suffering MetS with hyperglycemia. Seventy-nine volunteers were randomly assigned to two low-calorie diets (−30% Energy): the control diet based on the American Health Association criteria and the RESMENA diet based on a different macronutrient distribution (30% proteins, 30% lipids, 40% carbohydrates), which was characterized by an increase of the meal frequency (seven-times/day), low glycemic load, high antioxidant capacity (TAC) and high n-3 fatty acids content. Dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed before and after the six-month-long study. The RESMENA (Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra) diet specifically reduced the android fat mass and demonstrated more effectiveness on improving general oxidative stress through a greater decrease of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) values and protection against arylesterase depletion. Interestingly, oxLDL values were associated with dietary TAC and fruit consumption and with changes on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and triacilglyceride (TG) levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of the RESMENA diet provide further benefits to those attributable to weight loss on patients suffering Mets with hyperglycemia.
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Schwarz J, Tomé D, Baars A, Hooiveld GJEJ, Müller M. Dietary protein affects gene expression and prevents lipid accumulation in the liver in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47303. [PMID: 23110065 PMCID: PMC3479095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims High protein (HP) diets are suggested to positively modulate obesity and associated increased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) disease in humans and rodents. The aim of our study was to detect mechanisms by which a HP diet affects hepatic lipid accumulation. Methods To investigate the acute and long term effect of high protein ingestion on hepatic lipid accumulation under both low and high fat (HF) conditions, mice were fed combinations of high (35 energy%) or low (10 energy%) fat and high (50 energy%) or normal (15 energy%) protein diets for 1 or 12 weeks. Effects on body composition, liver fat, VLDL production rate and the hepatic transcriptome were investigated. Results Mice fed the HP diets displayed a lower body weight, developed less adiposity and decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, which could be attributed to a combination of several processes. Next to an increased hepatic VLDL production rate, increased energy utilisation due to enhanced protein catabolic processes, such as transamination, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation was found upon high protein ingestion. Conclusion Feeding a HP diet prevented the development of NAFLD by enhancing lipid secretion into VLDL particles and a less efficient use of ingested calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schwarz
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics of Caloric Restriction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:323-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Navas-Carretero S, Cuervo M, Abete I, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. Frequent consumption of selenium-enriched chicken meat by adults causes weight loss and maintains their antioxidant status. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 143:8-19. [PMID: 20809267 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To assess the effects of a moderately high-protein intake on the body composition, biochemical, and antioxidant status parameters in young adults depending on either selenium- (Se) or non-enriched chicken consumption. The volunteers (n = 24) that completed the 10-week nutritional intervention were distributed in two parallel groups and randomly assigned to follow an isocaloric diet with moderately high content in protein (30% energy), either with the consumption of four 200 g portions/week of Se- or non-enriched chicken breasts. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of the study and body composition was monitored during the trial. There was a significant reduction in weight, accompanying a decrease on fat mass in both groups, while fat-free mass remained unchanged during the 10 weeks of intervention, without differences between both dietary groups. Selenium blood levels and plasma glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as lipid, glucose, and selected inflammation biomarkers remained stable during the intervention period in both dietary groups. Frequent chicken consumption, within a controlled diet with a moderately high content in protein, produced a slight but statistically significant weight reduction mainly due to the loss of fat mass. An extra Se supplementation (22 μg/day) in the Se-enriched chicken breast did not affect tachyphylactic antioxidant status of the participants neither inflammatory-related markers after weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Navas-Carretero S, Abete I, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. Chronologically scheduled snacking with high-protein products within the habitual diet in type-2 diabetes patients leads to a fat mass loss: a longitudinal study. Nutr J 2011; 10:74. [PMID: 21756320 PMCID: PMC3155966 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is the most relevant overnutrition disease worldwide and is associated to different metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Low glycemic load foods and diets and moderately high protein intake have been shown to reduce body weight and fat mass, exerting also beneficial effects on LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, postprandial glucose curve and HDL-cholesterol levels. The present study aimed at studying the potential functionality of a series of low glycemic index products with moderately high protein content, as possible coadjuvants in the control of type-2 diabetes and weight management following a chronologically planned snacking offer (morning and afternoon). METHODS The current trial followed a single group, sequential, longitudinal design, with two consecutive periods of 4 weeks each. A total of 17 volunteers participated in the study. The first period was a free living period, with volunteers' habitual ad libitum dietary pattern, while the second period was a free-living period with structured meal replacements at breakfast, morning snack and afternoon snack, which were exchanged by specific products with moderately high protein content and controlled low glycemic index, following a scheduled temporal consumption. Blood extractions were performed at the beginning and at the end of each period (free-living and intervention). Parameters analysed were: fasting glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, C - reactive protein and Homocysteine concentrations. Postprandial glucose and insulin were also measured. Anthropometrical parameters were monitored each 2 weeks during the whole study. RESULTS A modest but significant (p = 0.002) reduction on body weight (1 kg) was observed during the intervention period, mainly due to the fat mass loss (0.8 kg, p = 0.02). This weight reduction was observed without apparently associated changes in total energy intake. None of the biochemical biomarkers measured was altered throughout the whole study. CONCLUSIONS Small changes in the habitual dietary recommendations in type-2 diabetes patients by the inclusion of specific low-glycemic, moderately high-protein products in breakfast, morning and afternoon snacks may promote body weight and fat-mass loss, without apparently altering biochemical parameters and cardiovascular risk-related factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT01264523.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Crujeiras AB, Goyenechea E, Abete I, Lage M, Carreira MC, Martínez JA, Casanueva FF. Weight regain after a diet-induced loss is predicted by higher baseline leptin and lower ghrelin plasma levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:5037-44. [PMID: 20719836 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Appetite-related hormones may play an important role in weight regain after obesity therapy. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to investigate the potential involvement of ghrelin, leptin, and insulin plasma levels in weight regain after a therapeutic hypocaloric diet. DESIGN A group of obese/overweight volunteers (49 women and 55 men; 35 ± 7 yr; 30.7 ± 2.4 kg/m(2)) followed an 8-wk hypocaloric diet (-30% energy expenditure) and were evaluated again 32 wk after treatment. Body weight as well as plasma fasting ghrelin, leptin, and insulin concentrations were measured at three points (wk 0, 8, and 32). RESULTS After the 8-wk hypocaloric diet, the average weight loss was -5.0 ± 2.2% (P < 0.001). Plasma leptin and insulin concentrations decreased significantly, whereas ghrelin levels did not markedly change. In the group regaining more than 10% of the weight loss, leptin levels were higher (P < 0.01), whereas ghrelin levels were lower (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in insulin levels. Weight regain at wk 32 was negatively correlated with ghrelin and positively associated with leptin levels at baseline (wk 0) and endpoint (wk 8). These outcomes showed a gender-specific influence, being statistically significant among men for ghrelin and between women for leptin. Moreover, a decrease in ghrelin after an 8-wk hypocaloric diet was related to an increased risk for weight regain (odds ratio = 3.109; P = 0.008) whereas a greater reduction in leptin (odds ratio = 0.141; P = 0.001) was related to weight-loss maintenance. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with higher plasma leptin and lower ghrelin levels at baseline could be more prone to regain lost weight, and hormones levels could be proposed as biomarkers for predicting obesity-treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigació n Sanitaria, Complejo Hospitalario de Santiago and Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Abete I, Astrup A, Martínez JA, Thorsdottir I, Zulet MA. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome: role of different dietary macronutrient distribution patterns and specific nutritional components on weight loss and maintenance. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:214-31. [PMID: 20416018 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00280.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Weight loss and subsequent body weight maintenance are difficult for obese individuals despite the wide variety of dietary regimens and approaches. A substantial body of scientific evidence has shown that by simply varying the macronutrient distribution and composition of dietary factors, weight losses of varying amounts, longer-term body weight maintenance periods, better appetite regulation, and changes in features of the metabolic syndrome can be achieved. At present, renewed efforts are underway to increase the protein content of weight-loss diets, simultaneously restrict fat consumption to no more than 30%, favor polyunsaturated fat, have carbohydrates account for between 40 and 50% of total energy intake, and promote the consumption of low-glycemic foods. The present article reviews the scientific evidence for the effects of several dietary manipulations and sustainable strategies for weight loss and body weight stability as well as for treating specific features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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Hermsdorff HHM, Zulet MÁ, Abete I, Martínez JA. A legume-based hypocaloric diet reduces proinflammatory status and improves metabolic features in overweight/obese subjects. Eur J Nutr 2010; 50:61-9. [PMID: 20499072 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nutritional composition of the dietary intake could produce specific effects on metabolic variables and inflammatory marker concentrations. This study assessed the effects of two hypocaloric diets (legume-restricted- vs. legume-based diet) on metabolic and inflammatory changes, accompanying weight loss. METHODS Thirty obese subjects (17 M/13F; BMI: 32.5 ± 4.5 kg/m(2); 36 ± 8 years) were randomly assigned to one of the following hypocaloric treatments (8 weeks): Calorie-restricted legume-free diet (Control: C-diet) or calorie-restricted legume-based diet (L-diet), prescribing 4 weekly different cooked-servings (160-235 g) of lentils, chickpeas, peas or beans. Body composition, blood pressure (BP), blood biochemical and inflammatory marker concentrations as well as dietary intake were measured at baseline and after the nutritional intervention. RESULTS The L-diet achieved a greater body weight loss, when compared to the C-diet (-7.8 ± 2.9% vs. -5.3 ± 2.7%; p = 0.024). Total and LDL cholesterol levels and systolic BP were improved only when consuming the L-diet (p < 0.05). L-diet also resulted in a significant higher reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement C3 (C3) concentrations (p < 0.05), compared to baseline and C-diet values. Interestingly, the reduction in the concentrations of CRP and C3 remained significantly higher to L-diet group, after adjusting by weight loss (p < 0.05). In addition, the reduction (%) in CRP concentrations was positively associated with decreases (%) in systolic BP and total cholesterol concentration specifically in the L-diet group, independent from weight loss (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The consumption of legumes (4 servings/week) within a hypocaloric diet resulted in a specific reduction in proinflammatory markers, such as CRP and C3 and a clinically significant improvement of some metabolic features (lipid profile and BP) in overweight/ obese subjects, which were in some cases independent from weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hermana M Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, Physiology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, C/ Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Hermsdorff HHM, Zulet MÁ, Abete I, Martínez JA. Discriminated benefits of a Mediterranean dietary pattern within a hypocaloric diet program on plasma RBP4 concentrations and other inflammatory markers in obese subjects. Endocrine 2009; 36:445-51. [PMID: 19816812 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Personalized nutritional strategies to treat obesity may specifically influence inflammatory markers, in addition to reduce body weight. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of a hypocaloric diet based on a Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) on nutritional status as well as on plasma concentrations of retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) and other proinflammatory markers. Fourty-one subjects (24F/17M; age: 37 ± 7 years; BMI: 32.2 ± 3.9 kg/m²) were assigned to follow a MDP within a caloric-restricted diet over an 8-week period. Anthropometrical, clinical, and biochemical variables were measured at baseline and endpoint after the nutritional program. Dietary intervention resulted in a mean weight loss of -4.4 ± 2.5 kg (P < 0.001) and marked reductions (P < 0.05) in plasma concentrations of RBP4, leptin, C-reactive protein, complement C3, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Individuals with a higher adherence to the MDP during the nutritional intervention presented differentially higher reductions (P < 0.05) in plasma RBP4, IL6, and TNFα. In addition, the increase in the Mediterranean diet score from baseline was a significant and independent predictor factor for the decrease in plasma RBP4 concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings suggest that following a hypocaloric diet accompanying a high adherence to a MDP resulted in specific reductions on proinflammatory markers, in addition to a significant improvement in some metabolic syndrome features induced by weight loss, which could be a good combined strategy to treat obesity as well as related metabolic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea, 1, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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