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Jan T, Negi R, Sharma B, Kumar S, Singh S, Rai AK, Shreaz S, Rustagi S, Chaudhary N, Kaur T, Kour D, Sheikh MA, Kumar K, Yadav AN, Ahmed N. Next generation probiotics for human health: An emerging perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35980. [PMID: 39229543 PMCID: PMC11369468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Over recent years, the scientific community has acknowledged the crucial role of certain microbial strains inhabiting the intestinal ecosystem in promoting human health, and participating in various beneficial functions for the host. These microorganisms are now referred to as next-generation probiotics and are currently considered as biotherapeutic products and food or nutraceutical supplements. However, the majority of next-generation probiotic candidates pose nutritional demands and exhibit high sensitivity towards aerobic conditions, leading to numerous technological hurdles in large-scale production. This underscores the need for the development of suitable delivery systems capable of enhancing the viability and functionality of these probiotic strains. Currently, potential candidates for next generation probiotics (NGP) are being sought among gut bacteria linked to health, which include strains from the genera Bacteroids, Faecalibacterium, Akkermansia and Clostridium. In contrast to Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., NGP, particularly Bacteroids spp. and Clostridium spp., appear to exhibit greater ambiguity regarding their potential to induce infectious diseases. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of NGPs in terms of their health beneficial effects, regulation framework and risk assessment targeting relevant criteria for commercialization in food and pharmaceutical markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawseefa Jan
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwari Negi
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar Rai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Shreaz
- Desert Agriculture and Ecosystem Department, Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Depratment of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Depratment of Food Science and Technology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Science, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Aaqib Sheikh
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
- Chitkara Center for Research and Development, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharifi S, Rostami F, Babaei Khorzoughi K, Rahmati M. Effect of time-restricted eating and intermittent fasting on cognitive function and mental health in older adults: A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 42:102757. [PMID: 38774517 PMCID: PMC11107340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Emerging evidence suggests that dietary interventions hold promise for promoting cognitive function and mental well-being in aging populations. This systematic review aimed to examine the potential relationship between Time-Restricted Eating (TRE) and Intermittent Fasting (IFA) with cognitive function and mental health in older adults. Methods A thorough exploration was undertaken on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, up to October 2023, following PRISMA standards. The evaluation of the quality and potential bias in the incorporated articles involved the use of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). Results From a total of 539 articles initially identified, eight studies met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. Out of these eight studies, six focused on cognitive function, and 2 focused on mental health. The reviewed articles encompassed a wide range of population sizes, with the number of older adults studied varying from 10 to 1357, reflecting a diverse cohort of individuals. Conclusions.The findings suggest that TRE and IFA may have a positive impact on cognitive function and mental health in this population. However, additional research is needed to fully comprehend this relationship. Therefore, future research should specifically examine factors such as the duration and timing of the eating window in TRE, as well as the physical condition of older adults, to provide a more nuanced understanding of the cognitive and mental health benefits of TRE and IFA in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sharifi
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rostami
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kimia Babaei Khorzoughi
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Rahmati
- Department of Geriatric and Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
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Dahlquist-Axe G, Standeven FJ, Speller CF, Tedder A, Meehan CJ. Inferring diet, disease and antibiotic resistance from ancient human oral microbiomes. Microb Genom 2024; 10:001251. [PMID: 38739117 PMCID: PMC11165619 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between a host and its microbiome is an area of intense study. For the human host, it is known that the various body-site-associated microbiomes impact heavily on health and disease states. For instance, the oral microbiome is a source of various pathogens and potential antibiotic resistance gene pools. The effect of historical changes to the human host and environment to the associated microbiome, however, has been less well explored. In this review, we characterize several historical and prehistoric events which are considered to have impacted the oral environment and therefore the bacterial communities residing within it. The link between evolutionary changes to the oral microbiota and the significant societal and behavioural changes occurring during the pre-Neolithic, Agricultural Revolution, Industrial Revolution and Antibiotic Era is outlined. While previous studies suggest the functional profile of these communities may have shifted over the centuries, there is currently a gap in knowledge that needs to be filled. Biomolecular archaeological evidence of innate antimicrobial resistance within the oral microbiome shows an increase in the abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes since the advent and widespread use of antibiotics in the modern era. Nevertheless, a lack of research into the prevalence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance within the oral microbiome throughout history hinders our ability to combat antimicrobial resistance in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyn Dahlquist-Axe
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | | | - Camilla F. Speller
- Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew Tedder
- School of Chemistry and Biosciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Conor J. Meehan
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
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Clausen U, Vital ST, Lambertus P, Gehler M, Scheve S, Wöhlbrand L, Rabus R. Catabolic Network of the Fermentative Gut Bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus (Phylum Bacteroidota) from a Physiologic-Proteomic Perspective. Microb Physiol 2024; 34:88-107. [PMID: 38262373 DOI: 10.1159/000536327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus) is a prevalent member of human and animal guts, where it influences by its dietary-fiber-fueled, fermentative metabolism the microbial community as well as the host health. Moreover, the fermentative metabolism of P. vulgatus bears potential for a sustainable production of bulk chemicals. The aim of the present study was to refine the current understanding of the P. vulgatus physiology. METHODS P. vulgatus was adapted to anaerobic growth with 14 different carbohydrates, ranging from hexoses, pentoses, hemicellulose, via an uronic acid to deoxy sugars. These substrate-adapted cells formed the basis to define the growth stoichiometries by quantifying growth/fermentation parameters and to reconstruct the catabolic network by applying differential proteomics. RESULTS The determination of growth performance revealed, e.g., doubling times (h) from 1.39 (arabinose) to 14.26 (glucuronate), biomass yields (gCDW/mmolS) from 0.01 (fucose) to 0.27 (α-cyclodextrin), and ATP yields (mMATP/mMC) from 0.21 (rhamnose) to 0.60 (glucuronate/xylan). Furthermore, fermentation product spectra were determined, ranging from broad and balanced (with xylan: acetate, succinate, formate, and propanoate) to rather one sided (with rhamnose or fucose: mainly propane-1,2-diol). The fermentation network serving all tested compounds is composed of 56 proteins (all identified), with several peripheral reaction sequences formed with high substrate specificity (e.g., conversion of arabinose to d-xylulose-3-phosphate) implicating a fine-tuned regulation. By contrast, central modules (e.g., glycolysis or the reaction sequence from PEP to succinate) were constitutively formed. Extensive formation of propane-1,2-diol from rhamnose and fucose involves rhamnulokinase (RhaB), rhamnulose-1-phosphate kinase (RhaD), and lactaldehyde reductase (FucO). Furthermore, Sus-like systems are apparently the most relevant uptake systems and a complex array of transmembrane electron-transfer systems (e.g., Na+-pumping Rnf and Nqr complexes, fumarate reductase) as well as F- and V-type ATP-synthases were detected. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides insights into the potential contribution of P. vulgatus to the gut metabolome and into the strain's biotechnological potential for sustainable production of short-chain fatty acids and alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urte Clausen
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sören-Tobias Vital
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Pia Lambertus
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Martina Gehler
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Scheve
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lars Wöhlbrand
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Rabus
- General and Molecular Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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Abstract
The human microbiome plays an integral role in health. In particular, it is important for the development, differentiation, and maturation of the immune system, 70% of which resides in the intestinal mucosa. Microbiome studies conducted to date have revealed an association between disturbances in the microbiota (dysbiosis) and various pathological disorders, including changes in host immune status. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are one of the most common organ-specific autoimmune disorders, with a worldwide prevalence higher than 5%. The predominant autoimmune thyroid diseases are Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease. Several factors, such as genetic and environmental ones, have been studied. In accordance with recent studies, it is assumed that the gut microbiome might play a significant role in triggering autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland. However, the exact etiology has not yet been elucidated. The present review aims to describe the work carried out so far regarding the role of gut microflora in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases and its involvement in the appearance of benign nodules and papillary thyroid cancer. It appears that future work is needed to elucidate more precisely the mechanism for gut microbiota involvement in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Legakis
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Filippone A, Rossi C, Rossi MM, Di Micco A, Maggiore C, Forcina L, Natale M, Costantini L, Merendino N, Di Leone A, Franceschini G, Masetti R, Magno S. Endocrine Disruptors in Food, Estrobolome and Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12093158. [PMID: 37176599 PMCID: PMC10178963 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiota is now recognized as one of the major players in human health and diseases, including cancer. Regarding breast cancer (BC), a clear link between microbiota and oncogenesis still needs to be confirmed. Yet, part of the bacterial gene mass inside the gut, constituting the so called "estrobolome", influences sexual hormonal balance and, since the increased exposure to estrogens is associated with an increased risk, may impact on the onset, progression, and treatment of hormonal dependent cancers (which account for more than 70% of all BCs). The hormonal dependent BCs are also affected by environmental and dietary endocrine disruptors and phytoestrogens which interact with microbiota in a bidirectional way: on the one side disruptors can alter the composition and functions of the estrobolome, ad on the other the gut microbiota influences the metabolism of endocrine active food components. This review highlights the current evidence about the complex interplay between endocrine disruptors, phytoestrogens, microbiome, and BC, within the frames of a new "oncobiotic" perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Filippone
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Rossi
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Rossi
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Micco
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Maggiore
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Forcina
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Natale
- Breast Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alba Di Leone
- Breast Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Franceschini
- Breast Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Women's Health Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Breast Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Women's Health Department, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Magno
- Center for Integrative Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhang Z, Li J, Jiang S, Xu M, Ma T, Sun Z, Zhang J. Lactobacillus fermentum HNU312 alleviated oxidative damage and behavioural abnormalities during brain development in early life induced by chronic lead exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114543. [PMID: 36640575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lead exposure is a global public health safety issue that severely disrupts brain development and causes damage to the nervous system in early life. Probiotics and gut microbes have been highlighted for their critical roles in mitigating lead toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms by which they work yet to be fully explored. Here, we designed a two-stage experiment using the probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum HNU312 (Lf312) to uncover how probiotics alleviate lead toxicity to the brain during early life. First, we explored the tolerance and adsorption of Lf312 to lead in vitro. Second, the adsorption capacity of the strain was determined and confirmed in vivo. The shotgun metagenome sequencing showed lead exposure-induced imbalance and dysfunction of the gut microbiome. In contrast, Lf312 intake significantly modulated the structure of the microbiome, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, and upregulated function-related metabolic pathways such as antioxidants. Notably, Lf312 enhanced the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by increasing the levels of SCFAs in the gut, alleviated inflammation in the brain, and ultimately improved anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours induced by lead exposure in mice. Subsequently, the effective mechanism was confirmed, highlighting that Lf312 worked through integrated strategies, including ionic adsorption and microbiota-gut-brain axis regulation. Collectively, this work elucidated the mechanism by which the gut microbiota mitigates the toxic effects of lead in the brain and provides preventive measures and intervention measures for brain damage due to mass lead poisoning in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Jiahe Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Shuaiming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Meng Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C., Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education P. R. C., Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs China, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China; One Health Institute, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Yan T, Xu Y, Zhu Y, Jiang P, Zhang Z, Li L, Wu Q. Chromium exposure altered metabolome and microbiome-associated with neurotoxicity in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 36727205 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium exposure on the metabolome and microbiome that may contribute to neurotoxicity in juvenile zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 mg/L Cr (III) and 1 mg/L Cr (VI) for 7 days, respectively. Swimming distance and locomotor behavior was decreased, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in Cr-exposed groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased in Cr-exposed groups. The differential-expressed metabolites due to Cr exposure were mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, which indicated that Cr exposure may promote cholesterol conversion. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased and the abundance of Actinomycetes increased in Cr-exposed groups, as compared with that in the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Acinetobacter, Acidophorax, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Hydrophagophaga, and Brevundimonas increased, whereas Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Ancylobacter decreased in the Cr-exposed groups. Analysis of the correlation between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolites showed that changes of gut microbial community due to Cr exposure may be related to secondary bile acid metabolism. Collectively, chromium exposure may disturb cholesterol metabolism, including primary bile acid and microbiota-related secondary bile acid metabolism. This study provides potential mechanism of the effects of chromium on neurotoxicity based on modulation of metabolome and gut microbiota diversity, which needs further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education and Department of Health Inspection and Quarantine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Sarsangi P, Sasanfar B, Dehghani F, Nadjarzadeh A, Esmaillzadeh A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Mirzaei M. Substituting whole grains for refined grains and risk of developing psychological disorders in Iranian adults: YaHS and TAMYZ studies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Almeida C, Oliveira R, Baylina P, Fernandes R, Teixeira FG, Barata P. Current Trends and Challenges of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation-An Easy Method That Works for All? Biomedicines 2022; 10:2742. [PMID: 36359265 PMCID: PMC9687574 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota refers to bacteria lodges in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that interact through various complex mechanisms. The disturbance of this ecosystem has been correlated with several diseases, such as neurologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases and cancer. Therefore, the modulation of the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential therapeutic tool; of the various forms of gut microbiota modulation, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the most approached. This recent technique involves introducing fecal material from a healthy donor into the patient's gastrointestinal tract, aiming to restore the gut microbiota and lead to the resolution of symptoms. This procedure implies a careful donor choice, fine collection and handling of fecal material, and a balanced preparation of the recipient and consequent administration of the prepared content. Although FMT is considered a biological therapy with promising effects, side effects such as diarrhea and abdominal pain have also been claimed, making this a significant challenge in the application of FMT. Bearing this in mind, the present review aims to summarize the recent advances in understanding FMT mechanisms, their impact across different pathological conditions, and the associated side effects, emphasizing the most recent published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Almeida
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Oliveira
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pilar Baylina
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- ESS-IPP—Health School, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057/4805-107 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro Barata
- LaBMI—Laboratory of Medical & Industrial Biotechnology, Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- FP-i3ID, HEFP, FCS-UFP—Fernando Pessoa Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Barrea L, Salzano C, Pugliese G, Laudisio D, Frias-Toral E, Savastano S, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. The challenge of weight loss maintenance in obesity: a review of the evidence on the best strategies available. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1030-1046. [PMID: 36245260 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2130186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Long-term weight loss maintenance represents a big challenge for the management of obesity. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the main endocrine mechanisms involved in weight regain in subjects with obesity and to review the current evidence on the best lifestyle approaches, including diet and physical activity. Weight regain after weight loss occurs in about 50% of subjects with obesity in the absence of lifestyle changes. The primary endocrine mechanism responsible for weight regain involves the brain-gut axis, which encourages food intake and thus weight regain through the secretion and action of several gastrointestinal hormones, such as ghrelin, leptin and cholecystokinin. Several evidence reported changes of secretion of these hormones during weight loss and weight loss maintenance programs. Endurance training is the most effective physical activity to lose and keep weight loss; the association of endurance with resistance training is recommended for remodelling body shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy.,Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Salzano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pugliese
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Laudisio
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Evelyn Frias-Toral
- Clinical Research Associate Professor for Palliative Care Residency from Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Zhao S, Han T, Pei X, Song Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wang X, Hou W, Sun C. The association of diet carbohydrates consumption with cognitive function among US older adults modification by daily fasting duration. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:991007. [PMID: 36225887 PMCID: PMC9550221 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.991007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary carbohydrate consumption was related to cognitive function. Whereas, there was no study investigate the association of dietary carbohydrate consumption with cognitive function modification by daily fasting duration. This study aims to examine the association between dietary carbohydrate consumption and cognitive function among participants with different daily fasting duration. In this cross-sectional study, 2485 adults aged over 60 years from the nationally representative data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2014) were enrolled. Percentage energy from carbohydrates was present in both quartiles and continuous forms. Daily fasting duration = 24 – (timing for dinner – breakfast). Cognitive function was assessed by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word List Learning (CERAD-WL), CERAD Word List Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR), Animal Fluency (AF), and Digit Symbol Substitution (DSST) Test. Multiple logistic regression and linear regression models were developed to examine the association of dietary carbohydrates with cognitive function among participants with different daily fasting duration. Restricted cubic spline models were also applied. Compared with the lowest quartile of percentage energy from carbohydrates, the highest quartile had higher ORs of poor cognitive performance among total participants [(ORCERAD-WL 1.84 95% CI 1.25–2.71); (ORCERAD-DR 1.45 95% CI 1.10–1.91)] and participants with daily fasting duration fewer than 16 h [(ORCERAD-WL 2.14 95% CI 1.29–3.55); (ORCERAD-DR 1.51 95% CI 1.05–2.17)] but not in participants with daily fasting duration of more than 16 h. Further, the negative associations between percentage energy from carbohydrates and CERAD-WL score were still significant in addition to participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h. Additionally, dose-response associations were detected between dietary carbohydrates and cognitive decline, while “U” curves were observed among participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h. This study indicated that dietary carbohydrates consumption was associated with poor cognitive performance, but not in participants whose daily fasting duration was more than 16 h among US older adults. The current analysis provides evidence that a longer daily fasting duration may improve the harmful effect of dietary carbohydrates on cognitive function.
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13
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Jones RP, Ponomarenko A. Roles for Pathogen Interference in Influenza Vaccination, with Implications to Vaccine Effectiveness (VE) and Attribution of Influenza Deaths. Infect Dis Rep 2022; 14:710-758. [PMID: 36286197 PMCID: PMC9602062 DOI: 10.3390/idr14050076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen interference is the ability of one pathogen to alter the course and clinical outcomes of infection by another. With up to 3000 species of human pathogens the potential combinations are vast. These combinations operate within further immune complexity induced by infection with multiple persistent pathogens, and by the role which the human microbiome plays in maintaining health, immune function, and resistance to infection. All the above are further complicated by malnutrition in children and the elderly. Influenza vaccination offers a measure of protection for elderly individuals subsequently infected with influenza. However, all vaccines induce both specific and non-specific effects. The specific effects involve stimulation of humoral and cellular immunity, while the nonspecific effects are far more nuanced including changes in gene expression patterns and production of small RNAs which contribute to pathogen interference. Little is known about the outcomes of vaccinated elderly not subsequently infected with influenza but infected with multiple other non-influenza winter pathogens. In this review we propose that in certain years the specific antigen mix in the seasonal influenza vaccine inadvertently increases the risk of infection from other non-influenza pathogens. The possibility that vaccination could upset the pathogen balance, and that the timing of vaccination relative to the pathogen balance was critical to success, was proposed in 2010 but was seemingly ignored. Persons vaccinated early in the winter are more likely to experience higher pathogen interference. Implications to the estimation of vaccine effectiveness and influenza deaths are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney P Jones
- Healthcare Analysis and Forecasting, Wantage OX12 0NE, UK
| | - Andrey Ponomarenko
- Department of Biophysics, Informatics and Medical Instrumentation, Odessa National Medical University, Valikhovsky Lane 2, 65082 Odessa, Ukraine
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14
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Cope H, Willis CR, MacKay MJ, Rutter LA, Toh LS, Williams PM, Herranz R, Borg J, Bezdan D, Giacomello S, Muratani M, Mason CE, Etheridge T, Szewczyk NJ. Routine omics collection is a golden opportunity for European human research in space and analog environments. PATTERNS 2022; 3:100550. [PMID: 36277820 PMCID: PMC9583032 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Shestopalov AV, Gaponov AM, Zabolotneva AA, Appolonova SA, Markin PA, Borisenko OV, Tutelyan AV, Rumyantsev AG, Teplyakova ED, Shin VF, Savchuk DV, Volkova NI, Ganenko LA, Makarov VV, Yudin SM, Rumyantsev SA. Alkylresorcinols: New Potential Bioregulators in the Superorganism System (Human–Microbiota). BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359022030153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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17
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Ianiro G, Iorio A, Porcari S, Masucci L, Sanguinetti M, Perno CF, Gasbarrini A, Putignani L, Cammarota G. How the gut parasitome affects human health. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221091524. [PMID: 35509426 PMCID: PMC9058362 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome (GM) is a complex ecosystem that includes numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic inhabitants. The composition of GM can influence an array of host physiological functions including immune development. Accumulating evidence suggest that several members of non-bacterial microbiota, including protozoa and helminths, that were earlier considered as pathogens, could have a commensal or beneficial relationship with the host. Here we examine the most recent data from omics studies on prokaryota-meiofauna-host interaction as well as the impact of gut parasitome on gut bacterial ecology and its role as 'immunological driver' in health and disease to glimpse new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Iorio
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Masucci
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ‘A. Gemelli’ IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Parasitology and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Gastroenterology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
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18
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Luo W, Guo S, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang M, Sang L, Chang B, Wang B. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: How the Gut Microbiota Contributes to Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:873160. [PMID: 35572649 PMCID: PMC9092458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.873160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is gaining increasing attention, and the concept of the "gut-liver axis" is gradually being recognized. Leaky gut resulting from injury and/or inflammation can cause the translocation of flora to the liver. Microbiota-associated metabolites and components mediate the activation of a series of signalling pathways, thereby playing an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For this reason, targeting the gut microbiota in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of HCC holds great promise. In this review, we summarize the gut microbiota and the mechanisms by which it mediates HCC development, and the characteristic alterations in the gut microbiota during HCC pathogenesis. Furthermore, we propose several strategies to target the gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of HCC, including antibiotics, probiotics, faecal microbiota transplantation, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lixuan Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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20
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Grosso G, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F. Total, red and processed meat consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:726-737. [PMID: 35291893 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption has represented an important evolutionary step for humans. However, modern patterns of consumption, including excess intake, type of meat and cooking method have been the focus of attention as a potential cause of rise in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total, red and processed meat with health outcomes and to assess the level of evidence by performing a systematic search of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Convincing evidence of the association between increased risk of (i) colorectal adenoma, lung cancer, CHD and stroke, (ii) colorectal adenoma, ovarian, prostate, renal and stomach cancers, CHD and stroke and (iii) colon and bladder cancer was found for excess intake of total, red and processed meat, respectively. Possible negative associations with other health outcomes have been reported. Excess meat consumption may be detrimental to health, with a major impact on cardiometabolic and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione De Marchi, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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21
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Lu Y, Cai X, Zheng Y, Lyv Q, Wu J. Dominant bacteria and influencing factors of early intestinal colonization in very low birth weight infants: A prospective cohort study. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24290. [PMID: 35148012 PMCID: PMC8906041 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intestine of newborns is colonized by bacteria immediately after birth. This study explored dominant bacteria and influencing factors of early intestinal colonization in the early life of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). Methods We enrolled 81 VLBWI and collected anal swabs at 24 h, 7th, 14th and 21st day after birth. We conducted bacterial culture for anal swabs, then selected the colony with obvious growth advantages in the plate for further culture and identification. Afterward, we analyzed the distribution and influencing factors of intestinal dominant microbiota combined with clinical data. Results A total of 300 specimens were collected, of which 62.67% (188/300) had obvious dominant bacteria, including 29.26% (55/188) Gram‐positive bacteria and 70.74% (133/188) Gram‐negative bacteria. The top five bacteria with the highest detection rates were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens. Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and chorioamnionitis were correlated with intestinal bacterial colonization within 24 h of birth. Mechanical ventilation and antibiotics were independent risk factors affecting colonization. Nosocomial infection of K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens were associated with intestinal colonization. The colonization rates of K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. faecium, and E. faecalis increased with the birth time. Conclusions The colonization rate in the early life of VLBWI increased over time and the predominant bacteria were Gram‐negative bacteria. Meconium‐stained amniotic fluid and chorioamnionitis affect intestinal colonization in early life. Mechanical ventilation and antibiotics were independent risk factors for intestinal bacterial colonization. The nosocomial infection of some bacteria was significantly related to intestinal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Lu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qin Lyv
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
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22
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Cui K, Luo J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Feng Z, Zhang D. The association between urinary phytoestrogens and depressive symptoms. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:657-668. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2031913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Tianhao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, PR China
| | | | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, PR China
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23
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Alharthi A, Alhazmi S, Alburae N, Bahieldin A. The Human Gut Microbiome as a Potential Factor in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031363. [PMID: 35163286 PMCID: PMC8835713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients has prompted scientists to look into the gut microbiota as a putative trigger in ASD pathogenesis. Thus, many studies have linked the gut microbial dysbiosis that is frequently observed in ASD patients with the modulation of brain function and social behavior, but little is known about this connection and its contribution to the etiology of ASD. This present review highlights the potential role of the microbiota–gut–brain axis in autism. In particular, it focuses on how gut microbiota dysbiosis may impact gut permeability, immune function, and the microbial metabolites in autistic people. We further discuss recent findings supporting the possible role of the gut microbiome in initiating epigenetic modifications and consider the potential role of this pathway in influencing the severity of ASD. Lastly, we summarize recent updates in microbiota-targeted therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary supplements, fecal microbiota transplantation, and microbiota transfer therapy. The findings of this paper reveal new insights into possible therapeutic interventions that may be used to reduce and cure ASD-related symptoms. However, well-designed research studies using large sample sizes are still required in this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Alharthi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University, Al Zulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Safiah Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Najla Alburae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (N.A.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (A.B.)
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24
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Kumar S, Kumar A. Microbial pathogenesis in inflammatory bowel diseases. Microb Pathog 2021; 163:105383. [PMID: 34974120 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal system. Previously, it is considered the disease of the western world but now the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally with urbanization and modernization. Additionally, the major problem is the highest incidence of IBD among children and adolescents. The precise etiology of IBD is unknown and there is no cure for IBD, which is also the reason for increasing the number of cases worldwide. The IBD is a complex interplay of environment, immune system, and microbiota in a genetically susceptible host. Among these factors, the alteration in intestinal microbiota has been detected in IBD patients. The bacterial species associated with IBD include Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC), Helicobacter pylori, and Campylobacter concisus. Moreover, the efficacy of antibiotics and probiotics further suggests the role of microbes in IBD. However, no study confirmed the bacterial species as a cause of IBD as per Koch's postulates. Thus, still controversies exist regarding the role of microbes in IBD. Therefore, this paper aims to review the current literature to evaluate the role of microbes in IBD that would be a useful inventory of researchers working in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
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Polyphenols-Gut Microbiota Interrelationship: A Transition to a New Generation of Prebiotics. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010137. [PMID: 35011012 PMCID: PMC8747136 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the studies carried out on this topic in the last five years. According to the new definitions, among all the compounds included in the group of prebiotics, polyphenols are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by the plant kingdom. Many of these types of polyphenols have low bioavailability, therefore reaching the colon in unaltered form. Once in the colon, these compounds interact with the intestinal microbes bidirectionally by modulating them and, consequently, releasing metabolites. Despite much research on various metabolites, little is known about the chemistry of the metabolic routes used by different bacteria species. In this context, this review aims to investigate the prebiotic effect of polyphenols in preclinical and clinical studies, highlighting that the consumption of polyphenols leads to an increase in beneficial bacteria, as well as an increase in the production of valuable metabolites. In conclusion, there is much evidence in preclinical studies supporting the prebiotic effect of polyphenols, but further clinical studies are needed to investigate this effect in humans.
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26
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Dey P, Chaudhuri SR, Efferth T, Pal S. The intestinal 3M (microbiota, metabolism, metabolome) zeitgeist - from fundamentals to future challenges. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:265-285. [PMID: 34610364 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intestine in human health and disease has historically been neglected and was mostly attributed to digestive and absorptive functions. In the past two decades, however, discoveries related to human nutrition and intestinal host-microbe reciprocal interaction have established the essential role of intestinal health in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases and the overall wellbeing. That transfer of gut microbiota could be a means of disease phenotype transfer has revolutionized our understanding of chronic disease pathogenesis. This narrative review highlights the major concepts related to intestinal microbiota, metabolism, and metabolome (3M) that have facilitated our fundamental understanding of the association between the intestine, and human health and disease. In line with increased interest of microbiota-dependent modulation of human health by dietary phytochemicals, we have also discussed the emerging concepts beyond the phytochemical bioactivities which emphasizes the integral role of microbial metabolites of parent phytochemicals at extraintestinal tissues. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and future prospects in defining the 3M interactions and has emphasized the fact that, it takes 'guts' to stay healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyankar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India.
| | - Saumya Ray Chaudhuri
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sirshendu Pal
- Mukherjee Hospital, Mitra's Clinic and Nursing Home, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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Caruso G, Torrisi SA, Mogavero MP, Currenti W, Castellano S, Godos J, Ferri R, Galvano F, Leggio GM, Grosso G, Caraci F. Polyphenols and neuroprotection: Therapeutic implications for cognitive decline. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108013. [PMID: 34624428 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols have been the focus of major interest for their potential benefits on human health. Several preclinical studies have been conducted to provide a rationale for their potential use as therapeutic agents in preventing or ameliorating cognitive decline. However, results from human studies are scarce and poorly documented. The aim of this review was to discuss the potential mechanisms involved in age-related cognitive decline or early stage cognitive impairment and current evidence from clinical human studies conducted on polyphenols and the aforementioned outcomes. The evidence published so far is encouraging but contrasting findings are to be taken into account. Most studies on anthocyanins showed a consistent positive effect on various cognitive aspects related to aging or early stages of cognitive impairment. Studies on cocoa flavanols, resveratrol, and isoflavones provided substantial contrasting results and further research is needed to clarify the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Results from other studies on quercetin, green tea flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids (such as chlorogenic acid), curcumin, and olive oil tyrosol and derivatives are rather promising but still too few to provide any real conclusions. Future translational studies are needed to address issues related to dosage, optimal formulations to improve bioavailability, as well as better control for the overall diet, and correct target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano A Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Mogavero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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Abstract
Anthropogenic environmental pollutants affect many physiological, biochemical, and endocrine actions as reproduction, metabolism, immunity, behavior and as such can interfere with any aspect of hormone action. Microbiota and their genes, microbiome, a large body of microorganisms, first of all bacteria and co-existing in the host´s gut, are now believed to be autonomous endocrine organ, participating at overall endocrine, neuroendocrine and immunoendocrine regulations. While an extensive literature is available on the physiological and pathological aspects of both players, information about their mutual relationships is scarce. In the review we attempted to show various examples where both, endocrine disruptors and microbiota are meeting and can act cooperatively or in opposition and to show the mechanism, if known, staying behind these actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hampl
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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29
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Jones BDM, Farooqui S, Kloiber S, Husain MO, Mulsant BH, Husain MI. Targeting Metabolic Dysfunction for the Treatment of Mood Disorders: Review of the Evidence. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:819. [PMID: 34440563 PMCID: PMC8401631 DOI: 10.3390/life11080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often chronic with many patients not responding to available treatments. As these mood disorders are frequently associated with metabolic dysfunction, there has been increased interest in novel treatments that would target metabolic pathways. The objectives of this scoping review were to synthesize evidence on the impact on mood symptoms of lipid lowering agents and anti-diabetics drugs, while also reviewing current knowledge on the association between mood disorders and dyslipidemia or hyperglycemia. We propose that metabolic dysfunction is prevalent in both MDD and BD and it may contribute to the development of these disorders through a variety of pathophysiological processes including inflammation, brain structural changes, hormonal alterations, neurotransmitter disruptions, alteration on brain cholesterol, central insulin resistance, and changes in gut microbiota. Current evidence is conflicting on the use of statins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, thiazolidinediones, glucagon-like peptide agonists, metformin, or insulin for the treatment of MDD and BD. Given the paucity of high-quality randomized controlled trials, additional studies are needed before any of these medications can be repurposed in routine clinical practice. Future trials need to enrich patient recruitment, include evaluations of mechanism of action, and explore differential effects on specific symptom domains such as anhedonia, suicidality, and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett D. M. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (B.D.M.J.); (S.K.); (M.O.H.); (B.H.M.)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Salman Farooqui
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (B.D.M.J.); (S.K.); (M.O.H.); (B.H.M.)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Omair Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (B.D.M.J.); (S.K.); (M.O.H.); (B.H.M.)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Benoit H. Mulsant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (B.D.M.J.); (S.K.); (M.O.H.); (B.H.M.)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ishrat Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; (B.D.M.J.); (S.K.); (M.O.H.); (B.H.M.)
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
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30
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Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in psychiatric disorders: Current evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110258. [PMID: 33497754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract, namely gut microbiota, form a dynamic population proper of each individual, mostly composed by bacteria which co-evolved symbiotically with human species. The advances of culture-independent techniques allowed the understanding of the multiple functions of the gut microbiota in human physiology and disease, the latter often recognising a predisposing condition in an imbalanced intestinal microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis). A complex mutual interconnection between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and the gut microbiota, known as "microbiota-gut-brain axis", has been hypothesized to play a pivotal role in maintaining central and peripheral functions, as well as mental health. Thus, dysbiosis with specific microbiota imbalances seems to be strongly associated with the onset psychiatric disorders by altering neurodevelopment, enhancing neurodegeneration, affecting behaviour and mood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) consists of transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient, and it is used to quickly modulate the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the uses of FMT in psychiatric disorders. FMT has been used to induce dysbiosis and to study the disease development, or to heal dysbiosis-related mental disorders. Overall, FMT of impaired microbiota resulted effective in enhancing psychiatric-like disturbances (mainly depression and anxiety) in recipient animals, plausibly by impairing immune system, inflammatory and metabolic pathways, neurochemical processes and neuro-transmission. On the other side, preclinical and clinical data suggest that reversing or mitigating dysbiosis seems a promising strategy to restore behavioural impairments or to obtain psychiatric symptom relief. However, current evidence is limited by the lack of procedural standardization, the paucity of human studies in the vastity of psychiatric conditions and the need of a microbiota-targeted donor-recipient matching.
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D’Amico E, Grosso G, Nieves JW, Zanghì A, Factor-Litvak P, Mitsumoto H. Metabolic Abnormalities, Dietary Risk Factors and Nutritional Management in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072273. [PMID: 34209133 PMCID: PMC8308334 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons, leading to a relentless paralysis of skeletal muscles and eventual respiratory failure. Although a small percentage of patients may have a longer survival time (up to 10 years), in most cases, the median survival time is from 20 to 48 months. The pathogenesis and risk factors for ALS are still unclear: among the various aspects taken into consideration, metabolic abnormalities and nutritional factors have been the focus of recent interests. Although there are no consistent findings regarding prior type-2 diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and ALS incidence, abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism may be linked to disease progression, leading to a relatively longer survival (probably as a result of counteract malnutrition and cachexia in the advanced stages of the disease). Among potential dietary risk factors, a higher risk of ALS has been associated with an increased intake of glutamate, while the consumption of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as vitamin E, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, has been related to lower incidence. Poor nutritional status and weight loss in ALS resulting from poor oral intake, progressive muscle atrophy, and the potential hypermetabolic state have been associated with rapid disease progression. It seems important to routinely perform a nutritional assessment of ALS patients at the earliest referral: weight maintenance (if adequate) or gain (if underweight) is suggested from the scientific literature; evidence of improved diet quality (in terms of nutrients and limits for pro-inflammatory dietary factors) and glucose and lipid control is yet to be confirmed, but it is advised. Further research is warranted to better understand the role of nutrition and the underlying metabolic abnormalities in ALS, and their contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms leading to ALS initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele D’Amico
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954-781-187
| | - Jeri W. Nieves
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Aurora Zanghì
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (E.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Mailman School of Public Health and Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (J.W.N.); (P.F.-L.)
| | - Hiroshi Mitsumoto
- Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center, The Neurological Institute of New York Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
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Settanni CR, Bibbò S, Ianiro G, Rinninella E, Cintoni M, Mele MC, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A. Gastrointestinal involvement of autism spectrum disorder: focus on gut microbiota. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:599-622. [PMID: 33356668 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1869938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder typical of early age, characterized by impaired communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. ASD patients frequently suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Neuro-psychological functions, intestinal homeostasis, and functional GI disturbances are modulated by the gut microbiota through the so-called 'microbiota-gut-brain axis'. AREAS COVERED Literature regarding GI symptoms among the ASD community as well as the involvement and modulation of the gut microbiota in GI disturbances of ASD patients was searched. Constipation, diarrhea, reflux, abdominal bloating, pain, and discomfort are reported with variable prevalence. ASD is characterized by a reduction of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes, of the abundance of Bacteroidetes and other imbalances. ASD patients with GI symptoms present microbial changes with plausible relation with deficiency of digestive enzymes, carbohydrate malabsorption, selective eating, bacterial toxins, serotonin metabolism, and inflammation. The strategies to mitigate the GI distress through the gut microbiota modulation comprise antimicrobials, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary intervention. EXPERT OPINION The modulation of the gut microbiota in ASD individuals with GI disturbances seems a promising target for the future medicine. A standardization of the research strategies for large-scale studies together with a focus on poorly explored fields is necessary to strengthen this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Romano Settanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Marco Cintoni
- Scuola Di Specializzazione in Scienza dell'Alimentazione, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC Di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento Di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche E Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze mediche e chirurgiche, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,Istituto Di Patologia Speciale Medica, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Italy
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Currenti W, Buscemi S, Cincione RI, Cernigliaro A, Godos J, Grosso G, Galvano F. Time-Restricted Feeding and Metabolic Outcomes in a Cohort of Italian Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:1651. [PMID: 34068302 PMCID: PMC8153259 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND research exploring the effects of food timing and frequency on health and disease is currently ongoing. While there is an increasing body of scientific literature showing the potential health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) in laboratory settings and in animals, studies regarding IF on humans are limited. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the relationship between the feeding/fasting time window and metabolic outcomes among adult individuals. METHODS dietary and demographic data of 1936 adult subjects living in the south of Italy were examined. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were administered to determine the period of time between the first and the last meal of a typical day. Subjects were then divided into those with a time feeding window lasting more than 10 h, within 8 h (TRF-8) and within 10 h. RESULTS after adjustment for potential confounding factors related to eating habits (such as adherence to the Mediterranean diet, having breakfast/dinner), TRF-10 was inversely associated with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07), hypertension (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.13, 0.45), and dyslipidemias (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.63), while TRF-8 only with being overweight/obese (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.15) and hypertension (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.60). No associations were found with type-2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS individuals with a restricted feeding time window were less likely to be overweight, obese and hypertensive. Further studies are needed to clearly validate the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (J.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ivan Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Achille Cernigliaro
- Department of Health Service and Epidemiological Observatory, Health Authority Sicily Region, 90145 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (J.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (J.G.); (F.G.)
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (J.G.); (F.G.)
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34
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Grosso G. Are there any concerns about dairy food consumption and cardiovascular health? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:429-431. [PMID: 33980125 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1921128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania 95123, Italy
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35
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Cui L, Guo Q, Wang X, Duffy KJ, Dai X. Midgut bacterial diversity of a leaf-mining beetle, Dactylispa xanthospila (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e62843. [PMID: 34012315 PMCID: PMC8128845 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e62843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play an essential role in the growth and development of numerous insect species. In this study, the total DNA from the midgut of adults of Dactylispaxanthospila were isolated and bacterial 16S rRNA sequenced using the high-throughput Illumina MiSeq platform. Then, the composition and diversity of the midgut bacterial community were analysed with QIIME2. The results showed the midgut bacteria of D.xanthospila belong to 30 phyla, 64 classes, 135 orders, 207 families and 369 genera. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria, accounting for 91.95%, 3.44% and 2.53%, respectively. The top five families are Enterobacteriaceae (69.51%), Caulobacteraceae (5.24%), Rhizobiaceae (4.61%), Sphingomonadaceae (4.23%) and Comamonadaceae (2.67%). The bacterial community's primary functions are carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism and cofactor and vitamin metabolism, which are important for the nutritional requirements of plant-feeding insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Cui
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Xuexiong Wang
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China
| | - Kevin Jan Duffy
- Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology Durban South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Dai
- Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, China Leafminer Group, School of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University Ganzhou China.,National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, China National Navel-Orange Engineering Research Center Ganzhou China
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36
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Zhu R, Lang T, Yan W, Zhu X, Huang X, Yin Q, Li Y. Gut Microbiota: Influence on Carcinogenesis and Modulation Strategies by Drug Delivery Systems to Improve Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003542. [PMID: 34026439 PMCID: PMC8132165 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota have close interactions with the host. It can affect cancer progression and the outcomes of cancer therapy, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Therefore, approaches toward the modulation of gut microbiota will enhance cancer prevention and treatment. Modern drug delivery systems (DDS) are emerging as rational and promising tools for microbiota intervention. These delivery systems have compensated for the obstacles associated with traditional treatments. In this review, the essential roles of gut microbiota in carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and various cancer therapies are first introduced. Next, advances in DDS that are aimed at enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy by modulating or engineering gut microbiota are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with the application of DDS targeting gut microbiota for cancer prevention and treatment are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tianqun Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced PreparationsYantai Institute of Materia MedicaYantai264000China
| | - Wenlu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced PreparationsYantai Institute of Materia MedicaYantai264000China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Center of PharmaceuticsShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Sciences501 Haike RoadShanghai201203China
- School of PharmacyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Advanced PreparationsYantai Institute of Materia MedicaYantai264000China
- School of PharmacyYantai UniversityYantai264005China
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37
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Dietary Phenolic Acids and Their Major Food Sources Are Associated with Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050700. [PMID: 33946636 PMCID: PMC8145289 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy is increasing along with the rising prevalence of cognitive disorders. Among the factors that may contribute to their prevalence, modifiable risk factors such as diet may be of primary importance. Unarguably, plant-based diets rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, showed their potential in decreasing risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate whether exposure to components of plant-based diets, namely phenolic acids, may affect cognitive status in older Italian adults. METHODS The demographic, lifestyle and dietary habits of a sample of individuals living in southern Italy were analyzed. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Data on the phenolic acids content in foods were estimated using the Phenol-Explorer database. Cognitive status was evaluated using The Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations. RESULTS The mean intake of phenolic acids was 346.6 mg/d. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of total phenolic acid intake were less likely to have impaired cognitive status (OR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.92)); similarly, the analysis for subclasses of phenolic acids showed the beneficial effect toward cognitive status of greater intake of hydroxycinnamic acids (OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.91)). Among individual compounds, only higher intake of caffeic acid was inversely associated with impaired cognitive status (OR = 0.32 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.93)); notably, the association with ferulic acid intake was significant only when adjusting for background characteristics, and not for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that greater intakes of dietary phenolic acids were significantly inversely associated with impaired cognition, emphasizing the possible role of phenolic acids in the prevention of cognitive disorders.
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38
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Grosso G. Nutritional Psychiatry: How Diet Affects Brain through Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041282. [PMID: 33919680 PMCID: PMC8070365 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional sciences have been recognized as being of paramount importance for the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Among others, mental health disorders have been hypothesized to be influenced by dietary risk through a variety of molecular mechanisms. The improvements in the technology and implementation of-omics sciences in terms of nutrition have created the possibility of studying the relation between diet, gut microbiota and mental health. The gut–brain–axis represents the core rationale setting the stage for a relatively new discipline of study defined as “nutritional psychiatry”. Research on this matter will help to better understand the relation between food and mood, sleep quality, cognition, and mental health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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39
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González‐Sánchez P, DeNicola GM. The microbiome(s) and cancer: know thy neighbor(s). J Pathol 2021; 254:332-343. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma González‐Sánchez
- Department of Cancer Physiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa FL USA
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa FL USA
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40
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Lin YT, Lin TY, Hung SC, Liu PY, Hung WC, Tsai WC, Tsai YC, Delicano RA, Chuang YS, Kuo MC, Chiu YW, Wu PH. Differences in the Microbial Composition of Hemodialysis Patients Treated with and without β-Blockers. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030198. [PMID: 33809103 PMCID: PMC8002078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-blockers are commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Beyond the pharmacological effects, β-blockers have potential impacts on gut microbiota, but no study has investigated the effect in hemodialysis patients. Hence, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota composition difference between β-blocker users and nonusers in hemodialysis patients. Fecal samples collected from hemodialysis patients (83 β-blocker users and 110 nonusers) were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification sequencing. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed to control confounders. The microbial composition differences were analyzed by the linear discriminant analysis effect size, random forest, and zero-inflated Gaussian fit model. The α-diversity (Simpson index) was greater in β-blocker users with a distinct β-diversity (Bray-Curtis Index) compared to nonusers in both full and PS-matched cohorts. There was a significant enrichment in the genus Flavonifractor in β-blocker users compared to nonusers in full and PS-matched cohorts. A similar finding was demonstrated in random forest analysis. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients using β-blockers had a different gut microbiota composition compared to nonusers. In particular, the Flavonifractor genus was increased with β-blocker treatment. Our findings highlight the impact of β-blockers on the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (S.-C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (S.-C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Yun-Shiuan Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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41
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Micek A, Godos J, Del Rio D, Galvano F, Grosso G. Dietary Flavonoids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001019. [PMID: 33559970 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary flavonoids have shown potential in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. The aim of the present study is to conduct a dose-response meta-analysis on the association between dietary intake of total, subclasses and individual flavonoids and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS AND RESULTS Electronic databases are searched. A total of 39 prospective cohort studies are included, comprising 1 501 645 individuals and a total of 33 637 cases of CVD, 23 664 of coronary heart disease (CHD), and 11 860 of stroke. Increasing dietary intake of total flavonoids is linearly associated with a lower risk of CVD. Among the main classes of flavonoids, increasing intake of anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols is inversely associated with risk of CVD, while flavonols and flavones with CHD. Only increasing flavanones showed a linear inverse association with stroke risk. Catechins showed a favorable effect toward all cardiovascular outcomes. Among individual compounds, intake of quercetin and kaempferol is linearly associated with lower risk of CHD and CVD, respectively. However, higher intake of all the aforementioned compounds is associated, with a various extent, with a lower risk of CVD when considering comparison of extreme categories of consumption. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide evidence of potential cardiovascular benefits of a flavonoid-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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42
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Total Nut, Tree Nut, and Peanut Consumption and Metabolic Status in Southern Italian Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041847. [PMID: 33672852 PMCID: PMC7918537 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Nut consumption has been associated with cardio-metabolic health benefits. However, studies conducted in the Southern Italian population, where adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been reported being relatively high, are rather scarce. The aim of this study was to test the association between consumption of total and specific types of nuts and metabolic status among adults living in Sicily, Southern Italy. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 2044 adults living in Southern Italy were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between nut consumption and metabolic status adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results: The energy-adjusted model revealed that higher nut intake was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, the association did not remain significant for the latter after adjusting for the main background characteristics, while an inverse association was stably confirmed for hypertension (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46–0.80 and OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26–0.74, respectively) even after adjusting for adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Among individual nut types, most of the associations were null except for higher almond intake, which was inversely associated with occurrence of hypertension (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.49–0.99). Conclusions: Higher nut consumption is associated with overall better metabolic status in individuals living in the Mediterranean area.
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43
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Yang KL, Lejeune A, Chang G, Scher JU, Koralov SB. Microbial-derived antigens and metabolites in spondyloarthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:163-172. [PMID: 33569635 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00844-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory diseases affecting the bone, synovium, and enthesis. Microbiome, the community of microorganisms that has co-evolved with human hosts, plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. This invisible "essential organ" supplies the host with a myriad of chemicals and molecules. In turn, microbial metabolites can serve as messengers for microbes to communicate with each other and in the cross-talk with host cells. Gut dysbiosis in SpA is associated with altered microbial metabolites, and an accumulated body of research has contributed to the understanding that changes in intestinal microbiota can modulate disease pathogenesis. We review the novel findings from human and animal studies to provide an overview of the contribution of individual microbial metabolites and antigens to SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Lu Yang
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 522 First Ave. Smilow Research Bldg 511, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alannah Lejeune
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 522 First Ave. Smilow Research Bldg 511, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Gregory Chang
- Department of Radiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jose U Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology and Psoriatic Arthritis Center, 301 East 17th St, Room 1608, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Sergei B Koralov
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 522 First Ave. Smilow Research Bldg 511, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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44
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Micek A, Godos J, Cernigliaro A, Cincione RI, Buscemi S, Libra M, Galvano F, Grosso G. Polyphenol-Rich and Alcoholic Beverages and Metabolic Status in Adults Living in Sicily, Southern Italy. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020383. [PMID: 33572478 PMCID: PMC7916404 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol-rich beverage consumption is not univocally accepted as a risk modulator for cardio-metabolic risk factors, despite mechanistic and epidemiological evidence suggesting otherwise. The aim of this study was to assess whether an association between polyphenol-rich beverage consumption and metabolic status could be observed in a Mediterranean cohort with relatively low intake of tea, coffee, red and white wine, beer, and fresh citrus juice. Demographic and dietary characteristics of 2044 adults living in southern Italy were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between polyphenol-rich and alcoholic beverage consumption and metabolic status adjusted for potential confounding factors. Specific polyphenol-rich beverages were associated, to a various extent, with metabolic outcomes. Individuals with a higher total polyphenol-rich beverages had higher polyphenols intake and were less likely to have hypertension, type-2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.44–0.73; OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.26–0.66; and OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29–0.57, respectively). However, when adjusted for potential confounding factors, only the association with hypertension remained significant (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50–0.94). Current scientific evidence suggests that such beverages may play a role on cardio-metabolic risk factors, especially when consumed within the context of a dietary pattern characterized by an intake of a plurality of them. However, these associations might be mediated by an overall healthier lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Achille Cernigliaro
- Department of Health Service and Epidemiological Observatory, Health Authority Sicily Region, 90145 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ivan Cincione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (J.G.); (M.L.); (F.G.); (G.G.)
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45
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Martini D, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Trigueiro H, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Grosso G. Nut and legume consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 72:871-878. [PMID: 33541169 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1880554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of nuts and legumes has been associated with several health benefits. The aim of this study was to systematically review existing meta-analyses of observational studies on nut and legume intake and non-communicable diseases, and assess the level of evidence. Out of the six meta-analyses focussed on legume and 15 on nut intake, a possible association with decreased risk of colorectal adenoma and coronary heart disease was found for higher legume consumption, and a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cancer mortality, colon cancer, hypertension and ischaemic stroke for higher nut consumption. The association between legume consumption and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as nut consumption and risk of cancer, CVD incidence and all-cause mortality, was deemed as "limited" due to heterogeneity between results and/or potential confounding factors. General benefit towards better health can be observed for nut and legume consumption. Further studies are needed to better elucidate potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental, and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- Fondazione De Marchi-Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucilla Titta
- SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Helena Trigueiro
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Unit, Medical Research Council (MRC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
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Zhao Y, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Wang H, Zhou M, Sun N, Xin J, Khalique A, Rajput DS, Pan K, Shu G, Jing B, Ni X. Probiotics and MicroRNA: Their Roles in the Host-Microbe Interactions. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:604462. [PMID: 33603718 PMCID: PMC7885260 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.604462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are widely accepted to be beneficial for the maintenance of the gut homeostasis - the dynamic and healthy interactions between host and gut microorganisms. In addition, emerging as a key molecule of inter-domain communication, microRNAs (miRNAs) can also mediate the host-microbe interactions. However, a comprehensive description and summary of the association between miRNAs and probiotics have not been reported yet. In this review, we have discussed the roles of probiotics and miRNAs in host-microbe interactions and proposed the association of probiotics with altered miRNAs in various intestinal diseases and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the action of probiotics. Furthermore, we provided a perspective of probiotics-miRNA-host/gut microbiota axis applied in search of disease management highly associated with the gut microbiome, which will potentially prove to be beneficial for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Zhou
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danish Sharafat Rajput
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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47
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Currenti W, Godos J, Castellano S, Caruso G, Ferri R, Caraci F, Grosso G, Galvano F. Association between Time Restricted Feeding and Cognitive Status in Older Italian Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010191. [PMID: 33435416 PMCID: PMC7827225 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the increased life expectancy, the prevalence of aging-related health conditions, such as cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer’s disease is increasing. Among the modifiable risk factors, dietary factors have proved to be of primary importance in preserving and improving mental health and cognitive status in older adults, possibly through the modulation of adult neurogenesis, neuronal plasticity and brain signaling. Feeding/fasting timing manipulation has emerged as an innovative strategy to counteract and treat cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the timing of the feeding period and cognitive status in a cross-sectional cohort of adults living in the Mediterranean area. Methods: Demographic and dietary characteristics of 883 adults living in Southern Italy (Sicily) were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate the time window between the first and the last meal of an average day. Participants with an eating time window duration of more than 10 h were then identified, as well as those with eating time restricted to less than 10 h (TRF). Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals adherent to TRF were less likely to have cognitive impairment, compared to those with no eating time restrictions [odds ratio (OR) = 0.28; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.07–0.90]; a similar association was found for individuals having breakfast (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.16–0.89), but not for those having dinner. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that time restricted eating may be positively associated with cognitive status, and thus exert plausible effects on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
| | - Justyna Godos
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (J.G.); (R.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0954-781-187
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (W.C.); (F.G.)
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Battistini C, Ballan R, Herkenhoff ME, Saad SMI, Sun J. Vitamin D Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E362. [PMID: 33396382 PMCID: PMC7795229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which differ in the location and lesion extensions. Both diseases are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, with a reduced population of butyrate-producing species, abnormal inflammatory response, and micronutrient deficiency (e.g., vitamin D hypovitaminosis). Vitamin D (VitD) is involved in immune cell differentiation, gut microbiota modulation, gene transcription, and barrier integrity. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the biological actions of the active VitD (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), and is involved in the genetic, environmental, immune, and microbial aspects of IBD. VitD deficiency is correlated with disease activity and its administration targeting a concentration of 30 ng/mL may have the potential to reduce disease activity. Moreover, VDR regulates functions of T cells and Paneth cells and modulates release of antimicrobial peptides in gut microbiota-host interactions. Meanwhile, beneficial microbial metabolites, e.g., butyrate, upregulate the VDR signaling. In this review, we summarize the clinical progress and mechanism studies on VitD/VDR related to gut microbiota modulation in IBD. We also discuss epigenetics in IBD and the probiotic regulation of VDR. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions. There is a lack of well-designed clinical trials exploring the appropriate dose and the influence of gender, age, ethnicity, genetics, microbiome, and metabolic disorders in IBD subtypes. To move forward, we need well-designed therapeutic studies to examine whether enhanced vitamin D will restore functions of VDR and microbiome in inhibiting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Battistini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.E.H.)
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Rafael Ballan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.E.H.)
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.E.H.)
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Susana Marta Isay Saad
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; (C.B.); (R.B.); (M.E.H.)
- Food Research Center, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 250, São Paulo, SP 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Cognitive and Neurochemical Changes Following Polyphenol-Enriched Diet in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010059. [PMID: 33375450 PMCID: PMC7824548 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary recommendations are frequently developed based on nutrient deficiency or prevention of disease, but less attention has been paid to the dietary guidelines to promote brain health. Active and healthy aging is a prerequisite for improving quality of life as people age, and evidence is establishing a relationship between diet and brain health. This work studied the effect of a diet based on foods rich in antioxidants, especially polyphenols, in rats, three days a week for 20 months starting at 14 months. Behavioral analysis testing working memory, spatial and episodic memory, as well as brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters involved in these processes but also in general brain health were analyzed. In addition, hippocampal SIRT1 protein which has an important role in regulating normal brain function was evaluated. The results show that long-term intake of polyphenol-enriched diet improves memory and learning, correlating with restoration of brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters and hippocampal SIRT1 levels in aged rats. These results agree with reports revealing a neuroprotective effect of different polyphenolic compounds on age-related brain decline, based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; and demonstrate that consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, a few days a week, gives good long-term results in terms of brain health.
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Currenti W, Godos J, Castellano S, Mogavero MP, Ferri R, Caraci F, Grosso G, Galvano F. Time restricted feeding and mental health: a review of possible mechanisms on affective and cognitive disorders. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:723-733. [PMID: 33356688 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1866504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, a high increase in life expectancy not adequately balanced by an improvement in the quality of life has been observed, leading possibly to an increase in the prevalence of affective and cognitive disorders related to aging, such as depression, cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease. As mental illnesses have multifactorial aetiologies, many modifiable factors including lifestyle and nutrition play an essential role. Among nutritional factors, intermittent fasting has emerged as an innovative strategy to prevent and treat mental health disorders, sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. Among all types of intermittent fasting regimens, the time restricted feeding appears to be the most promising protocol as it allows to induce benefits of a total fasting without reducing global calories and nutrients intake. This review summarises the evidence on the effect of time restricted feeding towards brain health, emphasising its role on brain signalling, neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Currenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
| | | | - Sabrina Castellano
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria P Mogavero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Caraci
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy.,Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Itaely
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