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Mohammadian A, Fateh ST, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Gholami F, Rasaei N, Bahari H, Rastgoo S, Bagheri R, Shiraseb F, Asbaghi O. The effect of acarbose on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:355-376. [PMID: 38170330 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01401-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a large number of trials have observed an anti-inflammatory property of acarbose, the currently available research remains controversial regarding its beneficial health effects. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acarbose on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in adults. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched until April 2023 using relevant keywords. The mean difference (MD) of any effect was calculated using a random-effects model. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via the random-effects model. RESULTS The current meta-analysis of data comprised a total of 19 RCTs. Meta-analysis showed that acarbose significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (weighted mean difference [WMD]) = - 4.16 pg/ml, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 6.58, - 1.74; P = 0.001) while increasing adiponectin (WMD = 0.79 ng/ml, 95% CI 0.02, 1.55; P = 0.044). However, the effects of acarbose on TNF-α concentrations were observed in studies with intervention doses ≥ 300 mg/d (WMD = - 4.09; 95% CI - 7.00, - 1.18; P = 0.006), and the adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher (WMD = 1.03 ng/ml, 95%CI 0.19, 1.87; P = 0.016) in studies in which the duration of intervention was less than 24 weeks. No significant effect was seen for C-reactive protein (CRP; P = 0.134), interleukin-6 (IL-6; P = 0.204), and leptin (P = 0.576). CONCLUSION Acarbose had beneficial effects on reducing inflammation and increasing adiponectin. In this way, it may prevent the development of chronic diseases related to inflammation. However, more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadian
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Rastgoo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Abdalla MMI. Therapeutic potential of adiponectin in prediabetes: strategies, challenges, and future directions. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188231222371. [PMID: 38250316 PMCID: PMC10798122 DOI: 10.1177/20420188231222371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipose-derived hormone, plays a pivotal role in glucose regulation and lipid metabolism, with a decrease in circulating adiponectin levels being linked to insulin resistance and prediabetes. This review examines the therapeutic potential of adiponectin in managing prediabetes, elucidating on multiple aspects including its role in glucose and lipid metabolism, influence on insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, the paper highlights the latest strategies to augment adiponectin levels, such as gene therapy, pharmacological interventions, dietary modifications, and lifestyle changes. It also addresses the challenges encountered in translating preclinical findings into clinical practice, primarily related to drug delivery, safety, and efficacy. Lastly, the review proposes future directions, underlining the need for large-scale human trials, novel adiponectin analogs, and personalized treatment strategies to harness adiponectin's full therapeutic potential in preventing the transition from prediabetes to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohamed Ibrahim Abdalla
- Human Biology Department, School of Medicine, International Medical University, 126, Jln Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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3
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Zhou H, Liu K, Liu W, Wu M, Wang Y, Lv Y, Meng H. Diets Enriched in Sugar, Refined, or Whole Grain Differentially Influence Plasma Cholesterol Concentrations and Cholesterol Metabolism Pathways with Concurrent Changes in Bile Acid Profile and Gut Microbiota Composition in ApoE -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37307383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of diets enriched in sugar, refined grain (RG), or whole grain (WG) on circulating cholesterol concentrations and established and emerging mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism. Forty-four male ApoE-/- mice aged 8 weeks were randomly fed an isocaloric sugar-, RG-, or WG-enriched diet for 12 weeks. Compared to WG-enriched diet, fasting plasma LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations were higher and the mRNA expression of intestinal LXR-α was lower in sugar- and RG-enriched diets; plasma TC, non-HDL-C, TG and VLDL-C concentrations, and cecal concentrations of lithocholic acid were higher and the mRNA expression of intestinal ABCG5 was lower in sugar-enriched diet, and the mRNA expression of hepatic IDOL and cecal concentrations of lithocholic and deoxycholic acids was higher in RG-enriched diet. The relative abundance of Akkermansia, Clostridia_UCG-014, Alistipes, and Alloprevotella, which were lower in sugar- and/or RG- than in WG-enriched diet, had inverse correlations with fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations or cecal concentrations of secondary bile acids and positive correlations with gene expressions in intestinal cholesterol efflux. Conversely, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Lachnoclostridium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Colidextribacter, and Helicobacter had reverse correlations. Both sugar- and RG-enriched diets had unfavorable effects on cholesterol concentrations; yet, their effects on the gene expressions of cholesterol efflux, uptake, bile acid synthesis, and bile acid concentrations were distinctive and could be partially attributable to the concurrent changes in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Man Wu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yiqian Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Nutrition Translation, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Ilyés T, Silaghi CN, Crăciun AM. Diet-Related Changes of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Blood and Feces in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1556. [PMID: 36358258 PMCID: PMC9687917 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related illnesses are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Metabolic syndrome has been associated with numerous health issues. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been shown to have multiple effects throughout the body, both directly as well as through specific G protein-coupled receptors. The main SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota are acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which are absorbed in varying degrees from the large intestine, with some acting mainly locally and others systemically. Diet has the potential to influence the gut microbial composition, as well as the type and amount of SCFAs produced. High fiber-containing foods and supplements increase the production of SCFAs and SCFA-producing bacteria in the gut and have been shown to have bodyweight-lowering effects. Dietary supplements, which increase SCFA production, could open the way for novel approaches to weight loss interventions. The aim of this review is to analyze the variations of fecal and blood SCFAs in obesity and metabolic syndrome through a systematic search and analysis of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ciprian N. Silaghi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hațieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Central and peripheral regulations mediated by short-chain fatty acids on energy homeostasis. Transl Res 2022; 248:128-150. [PMID: 35688319 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiota influences obesity, insulin resistance, and the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The gut microbiota digests and ferments nutrients resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which generate various beneficial metabolic effects on energy and glucose homeostasis. However, their roles in the central nervous system (CNS)-mediated outputs on the metabolism have only been minimally studied. Here, we explore what is known and future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area. Specifically, we searched studies or data in English by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Human Metabolome Database. Studies were filtered by time from 1978 to March 2022. As a result, 195 studies, 53 reviews, 1 website, and 1 book were included. One hundred and sixty-five of 195 studies describe the production and metabolism of SCFAs or the effects of SCFAs on energy homeostasis, glucose balance, and mental diseases through the gut-brain axis or directly by a central pathway. Thirty of 195 studies show that inappropriate metabolism and excessive of SCFAs are metabolically detrimental. Most studies suggest that SCFAs exert beneficial metabolic effects by acting as the energy substrate in the TCA cycle, regulating the hormones related to satiety regulation and insulin secretion, and modulating immune cells and microglia. These functions have been linked with AMPK signaling, GPCRs-dependent pathways, and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs). However, the studies focusing on the central effects of SCFAs are still limited. The mechanisms by which central SCFAs regulate appetite, energy expenditure, and blood glucose during different physiological conditions warrant further investigation.
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Bozzetto L, Polito R, Nigro E, Prinster A, Della Pepa G, Costabile G, Vetrani C, Vitale M, Daniele A, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. Dietary influence on adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13548. [PMID: 33797089 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we evaluate the effects of a diet rich in low-glycaemic index carbohydrates and fibre (CHO/Fibre diet) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA diet), on fasting and postprandial adiponectin concentrations and their relationship with the beneficial effects of the experimental diets on postprandial glucose metabolism and liver fat in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Fasting and postprandial adiponectin plasma concentrations were measured before and after dietary interventions in the participants to a randomized controlled trial (NCT01025856), wherein 37 men and 8 women with T2D, aged 35-70 years, followed a CHO/Fibre diet or a MUFA diet for an 8-week period. Hepatic fat content by 1 H NMR and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin measurements were also available. RESULTS Fasting adiponectin plasma levels did not change after both diets. Postprandial adiponectin significantly increased after the CHO/fibre diet (9.9 ± 1.6 μg/mL vs. 10.8 ± 2.3 μg/mL; P = .033) but not after the MUFA diet (10.6 ± 1.8 μg/mL vs. 10.6 ± 1.6 μg/mL; P = .935) with a significant difference between changes (P = .035). In the combined CHO/Fibre and MUFA groups, fasting and postprandial adiponectin significantly and inversely correlated with postprandial insulin iAUC at baseline and after intervention, and with liver fat content after intervention. CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in CHO/Fibre increased postprandial plasma adiponectin significantly more than a MUFA diet in patients with T2D. Independently of diet, adiponectin levels associated with postprandial insulin concentrations. The dietary interventions modulated the relationship between adiponectin and liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Prinster
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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7
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Bai Y, Chen Z, Wen Z, Long X, Mo Z, Xu J. Adiponectin affects estimated glomerular filtration rate: A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 26:227-233. [PMID: 33484075 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between adiponectin (ADPN) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is unclear. This study adopts a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causal relationship between ADPN and eGFR. METHODS Using eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of ADPN and 26 SNP of eGFR as instrumental variables, the study performs a two-sample bidirectional MR study using MR inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger and weighted median approach to evaluate the causal relationship between ADPN and eGFR. Using the genetic risk score (GRS) of ADPN and eGFR as instrumental variables, the study performs a second MR analysis to assess the association between ADPN and eGFR. RESULTS In ADPN to eGFR MR analysis, the IVW, weighted median and GRS analysis all showed that ADPN had a causal effect on eGFR after removing potential confounders of the ADPN-eGFR relation (IVW: β = .016, P = .002; weighted median: β = .012, P = .022; GRS: β = .016, P = 1.48E-05). As both ADPN and eGFR were natural log-transformed in the corresponding GWAS, eGFR increased by 0.15% for any 10% increase in ADPN. In eGFR to ADPN MR analysis, eGFR had no causal effect on ADPN after removing potential confounders of the eGFR-ADPN relation (All P values > 0.05). The heterogeneity test and sensitivity analysis indicated some heterogeneity, but no directional pleiotropy. CONCLUSION Adiponectin has a causal effect on eGFR, while eGFR has no causal effect on ADPN. ADPN may be a clinical target for improving eGFR and treating chronic kidney disease caused by decreased eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Bai
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zefeng Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xinyang Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities, Nanning, China.,School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Program for Personalized Cancer Care, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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8
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Tullio V, Gasperi V, Catani MV, Savini I. The Impact of Whole Grain Intake on Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Focus on Colorectal, Gastric, and Esophageal Cancers. Nutrients 2020; 13:E81. [PMID: 33383776 PMCID: PMC7824588 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereals are one of staple foods in human diet, mainly consumed as refined grains. Nonetheless, epidemiological data indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several cancer types, as well as to all-cause mortality. Particularly responsive to WG positive action is the gastrointestinal tract, daily exposed to bioactive food components. Herein, we shall provide an up-to-date overview on relationship between WG intake and prevention of gastrointestinal tumors, with a particular focus on colorectal, stomach, and esophagus cancers. Unlike refined counterparts, WG consumption is inversely associated with risk of these gastrointestinal cancers, most consistently with the risk of colorectal tumor. Some WG effects may be mediated by beneficial constituents (such as fiber and polyphenols) that are reduced/lost during milling process. Beside health-promoting action, WGs are still under-consumed in most countries; therefore, World Health Organization and other public/private stakeholders should cooperate to implement WG consumption in the whole population, in order to reach nutritionally effective intakes.
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Polito R, Di Meo I, Barbieri M, Daniele A, Paolisso G, Rizzo MR. Adiponectin Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Focus on Nutrition Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239255. [PMID: 33291597 PMCID: PMC7729837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine produced by adipose tissue. It has numerous beneficial effects. In particular, it improves metabolic effects and glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and is involved in the regulation of cytokine profile and immune cell production, having anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory effects. Adiponectin’s role is already known in immune diseases and also in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are a set of diseases of the central nervous system, characterized by a chronic and selective process of neuron cell death, which occurs mainly in relation to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Lifestyle is able to influence the development of these diseases. In particular, unhealthy nutrition on gut microbiota, influences its composition and predisposition to develop many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, given the importance of the “gut-brain” axis. There is a strong interplay between Adiponectin, gut microbiota, and brain-gut axis. For these reasons, a healthy diet composed of healthy nutrients such as probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols, can prevent many metabolic and inflammatory diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases and obesity. The special Adiponectin role should be taken into account also, in order to be able to use this component as a therapeutic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Polito
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Di Meo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Michelangela Barbieri
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Department of Environmental Biological Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via G. Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnologies Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolisso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Rizzo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy; (R.P.); (I.D.M.); (M.B.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-566-5135; Fax: +39-081-566-5303
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Dietary patterns and their associations with the metabolic syndrome and predicted 10-year risk of CVD in northwest Chinese adults. Br J Nutr 2020; 126:913-922. [PMID: 33256885 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000478x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of diet on the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and CVD has been investigated widely, but few studies have investigated the association between dietary patterns (DP) and the predicted CVD, derived from reduced rank regression (RRR). The objectives of this study were to derive DP using RRR and principal component analysis (PCA) and investigate their associations with the MetS and estimated 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD). We used the baseline dataset from the Xinjiang multi-ethnic cohort study in China, collected from June 2018 to May 2019. A total of 14 982 subjects aged 35-74 years from Urumqi, Huo Cheng and Mo Yu were included in the analysis. The 10-year ASCVD risk was estimated using the Chinese ASCVD risk equations. The associations of DP with the MetS and 10-year ASCVD were determined using multivariable logistic regression models. In Urumqi and Mo Yu, the increased RRR DP score was associated with a higher OR of having the MetS and with a higher OR of elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. However, only the first DP determined by PCA in Urumqi was inversely associated with the MetS and elevated 10-year ASCVD risk. The prevalence of the MetS and elevated ASCVD risk in urban population is higher than that in rural areas. Our results may help nutritionists develop more targeted dietary strategies to prevent the MetS and ASCVD in different regions in China.
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11
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Short-Term Physiological Effects of a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: Effects on Adiponectin Levels and Inflammatory States. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093228. [PMID: 32370212 PMCID: PMC7246656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ involved in many physiological and metabolic processes through the production of adipokines and, in particular, adiponectin. Caloric restriction is one of the most important strategies against obesity today. The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) represents a type of caloric restriction with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. This study aimed to investigate the physiological effects of a VLCKD on anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as adiponectin levels, as well as analyzing oligomeric profiles and cytokine serum levels in obese subjects before and after a VLCKD. Twenty obese subjects were enrolled. At baseline and after eight weeks of intervention, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, such as adiponectin levels, were recorded. Our findings showed a significant change in the anthropometric and biochemical parameters of these obese subjects before and after a VLCKD. We found a negative correlation between adiponectin and lipid profile, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), C-reactive protein (CRP), and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which confirmed the important involvement of adiponectin in metabolic and inflammatory diseases. We demonstrated the beneficial short-term effects of a VLCKD not only in the treatment of obesity but also in the establishment of obesity-correlated diseases.
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