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Liang Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Liu Z. How Maternal Trauma Exposure Contributed to Children's Depressive Symptoms following the Wenchuan Earthquake: A Multiple Mediation Model Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16881. [PMID: 36554761 PMCID: PMC9779171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although well-established literature has indicated the burden of mental health among victims after the Wenchuan earthquake, no research has focused on the mental health of mothers and their children who experienced the earthquake and were pregnant during or shortly after it. This study investigates the relationship between maternal trauma exposure (TE) and children's depressive symptoms after the Wenchuan earthquake and explores the risk and protective factors underlying this relationship. A sample of 547 mother-child dyads, in which the mother experienced the Wenchuan earthquake, was used to assess maternal depressive symptoms, maternal TE, children's depressive symptoms, children's perceived impact of the earthquake and maternal posttraumatic growth (PTG). The results showed that maternal TE had two significant one-step indirect associations with children's depressive symptoms (through children's perceived impact of the earthquake and maternal PTG) and one two-step indirect association with children's depressive symptoms (through maternal depressive symptoms via children's perceived impact of the earthquake). The results indicated that maternal depressive symptoms, children's perceived impact of the earthquake and maternal PTG mediated the association between maternal TE and children's depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the importance of mothers in supporting the mental health of these children. Maternal depressive symptoms and PTG, two posttraumatic outcomes, played positive and negative roles in the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Thus, post-disaster interventions should reduce the maternal transmission of trauma-related information and improve maternal PTG to support children's mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yueyue Zhou
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zhengkui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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2
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Zheng Z, Sun N, Chen Y, Chen H. Social media use and mental health of urban residents during China's second COVID-19 outbreak. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1016849. [PMID: 36568741 PMCID: PMC9773205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1016849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A multitude of literature has shown that during the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak, people's reliance on social media has been closely related with serious psychological problems. The "information epidemic" has sparked each country's attention. These countries including China have tried to find the solution and taken a series of measures. In January 2021, the COVID-19 broke out again in Shijiazhuang, China. Has the impact of social media on mental health changed? Methods Our data are based on an online survey of Chinese in January 2021, with 904 valid samples from 18 different provinces in China. We applied the methods of structural equation model analysis and the tendency value matching to conduct systematic analysis. Results Our research found that 38.9% of the population suffered from depression and 12.61% of the population suffered from anxiety. Chinese urban residents are more dependent on social media, with up to 80.1% of participants using social media frequently. Our research found that the relationship between social media use and residents' mental health has dramatically changed. More use of social media has been significantly associated with less depression and anxiety, especially among young people and women. Our findings are the first to reveal the relation's change between social media and mental health. Conclusions These findings implied that changes in the social media environment probably lead to changes in relationship between social media use and mental health since the outbreak began in 2019. Truthful and comprehensive social media information and a healthy positive social media environment can contribute to residents' mental health improvement and the fight against "information epidemic."
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zheng
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Economics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Hong Chen
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Zheng Z, Liu W, Yang L, Sun N, Lu Y, Chen H. Group Differences: The Relationship between Social Media Use and Depression during the Outbreak of COVID-19 in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13941. [PMID: 36360821 PMCID: PMC9655374 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019 triggered more psychological problems than usual among the public. During this epidemic, the use of social media was very high, and several studies confirmed a positive correlation between social media use and people's psychological problems. The Chinese government has subsequently implemented a series of policies concerning the social media environment to tackle this "infodemic". After the containment of the first COVID-19 outbreak, China saw a new wave of COVID-19 cases in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province in January 2021. How the optimized social media could have impacted public mental health remained to be revealed. Our research data come from an online survey of Chinese residents during the regional epidemic in Shijiazhuang, with a total of 904 valid samples from 18 different provinces in China. The results showed that this new round of outbreaks caused a high incidence of depression (38.9%) among the public. Compared with relatively advantaged groups, disadvantaged groups have a higher depression. Attributed to the optimization of the social media environment, the prevalence of social media use during the epidemic helped to markedly mitigate anxieties from depression. This is particularly demonstrated in vulnerable groups. We found, for the first time, a change in the relationship between social media use and resident depression, and more importantly, a stronger correlation between social media use and depression in relatively disadvantaged groups. Therefore, during the epidemic, actively optimizing the social media environment has a significant and positive effect on the mental health of residents, especially vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zheng
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Wanting Liu
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Local Governance, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yingchen Lu
- College of Communication and Art Design, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, No. 516, Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Architecture & Environment, Sichuan University, No. 24 First South Section First Ring Road, Chengdu 610065, China
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Liu F, Dai L, Cai Y, Chen X, Li J, Shi L. Psychological state and its correlates of local college students in Wuhan during COVID-19 pandemic. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022; 60:PITS22699. [PMID: 35572182 PMCID: PMC9088483 DOI: 10.1002/pits.22699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the lockdown of Wuhan due to the outbreak of COVID-19 impacted various aspects of local college students' life and may further negatively affect their psychological state. This study was conducted among 652 Wuhan local college students during the quarantine of this city. We assessed their psychological state using Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale 21 and evaluated their living condition including diet, schedule, recreational activities, social contact, academic life, and attention paid to pandemic news. Results showed that 16.87% of the students reported stress, 28.68% with anxiety, and 35.12% had depression. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, having a medical background was associated with higher stress levels; students who had an irregular diet and schedule were more likely to develop stress, anxiety, and depression; students with their academic life affected had a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression. By studying local students in the hardest-hit area during the pandemic, our findings can provide references for the improvement of college students' mental health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghuixue Liu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Luojia Dai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuyang Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jiaqing Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lili Shi
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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ESCAP CovCAP survey of heads of academic departments to assess the perceived initial (April/May 2020) impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent psychiatry services. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:795-804. [PMID: 33474653 PMCID: PMC7816838 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In April 2020, the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP) Research Academy and the ESCAP Board launched the first of three scheduled surveys to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) services in Europe and to assess the abilities of CAP centers to meet the new challenges brought on by the crisis. The survey was a self-report questionnaire, using a multistage process, which was sent to 168 heads of academic CAP services in 24 European countries. Eighty-two responses (56 complete) from 20 countries, representing the subjective judgement of heads of CAP centers, were received between mid-April and mid-May 2020. Most respondents judged the impact of the crisis on the mental health of their patients as medium (52%) or strong (33%). A large majority of CAP services reported no COVID-19 positive cases among their inpatients and most respondents declared no or limited sick leaves in their team due to COVID-19. Outpatient, daycare, and inpatient units experienced closures or reductions in the number of treated patients throughout Europe. In addition, a lower referral rate was observed in most countries. Respondents considered that they were well equipped to handle COVID-19 patients despite a lack of protective equipment. Telemedicine was adopted by almost every team despite its sparse use prior to the crisis. Overall, these first results were surprisingly homogeneous, showing a substantially reduced patient load and a moderate effect of the COVID-19 crisis on psychopathology. The effect on the organization of CAP services appears profound. COVID-19 crisis has accelerated the adoption of new technologies, including telepsychiatry.
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Agyapong B, Shalaby R, Eboreime E, Obuobi-Donkor G, Owusu E, Adu MK, Mao W, Oluwasina F, Agyapong VIO. Cumulative trauma from multiple natural disasters increases mental health burden on residents of Fort McMurray. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2059999. [PMID: 35599978 PMCID: PMC9116266 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2059999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fort McMurray, a city in northern Alberta, Canada, has experienced multiple traumatic events in the last five years, including the 2016 wildfire, the 2020 floods, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Traumatic events often lead to increased mental health burdens in affected communities. OBJECTIVE To assess if the number of traumatic events experienced by residents of Fort McMurray correlates with the prevalence and severity of mental health issues experienced. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional study using an online survey questionnaire was used to gather demographic, trauma (wildfire, flooding, and COVID-19), and clinical information from the resident of Fort McMurray between April 24 to June 2 2021. Likely Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and low resilience were measured using standardised rating scales. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 26 using Chi-Square tests and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Respondents who experienced COVID-19 and either flood or wildfire traumas (N = 101) were eleven times more likely to have GAD symptoms (OR: 11.39; 95% CI: 1.43-91.04), four times more likely to have likely MDD, (OR: 3.85; 95% CI: .995-14.90), ten times more likely to have likely PTSD (OR: 10.47; 95% CI: 1.28-85.67), and low resilience (OR: 10.56; 95% CI: 1.21-92.17). Respondents who experienced COVID-19, flooding, and wildfire traumas (N = 47) were eighteen times more likely to express GAD symptoms (OR: 18.30; 95% CI: 2.20-152.45) and more than eleven times likely to have likely PTSD (OR: 11.41; 95% CI: 1.34-97.37) in comparison to the respondents who experienced COVID-19 only trauma (N = 19). CONCLUSION Measures to reduce climate change and associated natural disasters could reduce the impact of cumulative trauma and associated mental health burden in vulnerable populations. It is essential that more mental health resources are mobilised to support communities impacted by multiple natural disasters. HIGHLIGHTS The number of traumatic disasters experienced in residents of Fort McMurray five years after the 2016 wildfires, a year after the 2020 flooding, and during the COVID-19 pandemic correlates with the prevalence and severity of the mental health conditions reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Reham Shalaby
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ejemai Eboreime
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Ernest Owusu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Medard K Adu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wanying Mao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Vincent I O Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Global Psychological E-Health Foundation, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Post-earthquake Self-Reported Depressive Symptoms and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and their Correlates among College-Youths in Kathmandu, Nepal. Psychiatr Q 2021; 92:1595-1609. [PMID: 34109493 PMCID: PMC8189706 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-021-09928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to earthquake has previously been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, however, evidence is limited among youth in resource-limited settings. This study explored the association of retrospective extent of exposure on current day depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among 125 youth attending a college in Kathmandu, Nepal. A self-administered survey including socio-demographic variables, scale for earthquake exposure and Nepali language validated standardized scales for depressive and PTSD symptoms was used. Prevalence estimates for depressive symptoms was 43.2% and PTSD symptoms was 19.2%. For each increasing unit of the extent of earthquake exposure, the odds of having depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.001) and PTSD symptoms increased by a factor of 1.26 (p = 0.002). Being in a complicated romantic relationship increased the odds of both depressive symptoms and PTSD symptoms. Exposure to earthquake is an important factor to consider while assessing depressive and PTSD symptoms among youth earthquake survivors in Kathmandu. It is important that programs or policies aimed at youth mental health concurrently address disaster exposures.
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Gao R, Chan SKW, Zhang BZ, Lin JX, Peng SR, Yang CG, Tian GJ, Bai JZ, Xu LX, Li YH, Zheng ZJ, Pu DS, Chan CLW, Ran MS. An epidemiological survey of mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1263-1272. [PMID: 33146858 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to (1) explore the prevalence and relevant influencing factors of different mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. METHODS An epidemiological mental health survey was conducted to identify the prevalence of mental disorders in general population in Ya'an. A multi-stage, group-matching random sampling method was adopted. Face-to-face interviews were done with a two-stage design by trained interviewers and psychiatrists. The 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) was used for the diagnosis. RESULTS There were 8876 participants who were interviewed in this study. The total 12-month and lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders were 12.5% and 14.7%, respectively. There was a significant difference between males and females in the prevalence patterns of several mental disorders. Han ethnic group had higher prevalence of anxiety disorders (2.7%), and the Tibetan group had higher prevalence of alcohol-related disorders (5.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the areas severely affected by the earthquake had significantly higher prevalence of depressive disorders, and the extremely severe affected areas had significantly higher prevalence of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the prevalence of a range of mental disorders 5 years after the earthquake in Ya'an are high, and the prevalence of depressive and trauma- and stressor-related disorders may be influenced differently by the various severity of earthquake impact. This study may be crucial for the health policy-making, cultural-specific mental health services and long-term mental recovery after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gao
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Bing-Zhi Zhang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Xia Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Rong Peng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan-Gang Yang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Jiao Tian
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Zhen Bai
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu-Xiu Xu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zai-Jiang Zheng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dao-Sheng Pu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Sun F, Zhu J, Tao H, Ma Y, Jin W. A systematic review involving 11,187 participants evaluating the impact of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression in pregnant women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 42:91-99. [PMID: 33327827 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2020.1857360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has started to spread within China since the end of December 2019. As a special population, the pregnant and delivery women maybe influenced both in physical and psychological aspects. The meta-analysis was conducted about mental health in pregnant and delivery women. METHODS We searched both MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library in English and CBM, CNKI, WANFANG and CSSCI in Chinese to find literature from December 2019 to 31 July 2020 related to COVID-19 and mental health in patient with pregnancy and delivery, among which results such as comments, letters, reviews and case reports were excluded. The prevalence of anxiety and depression in the population was synthesized and discussed. RESULTS A total of 11,187 subjects were included in 15 studies. Random effect model is used to account for the data by Revman 5.2. The results showed that the prevalence of depression was 30% (95% CI: 0.23-0.37), the prevalence of anxiety was 34% (95% CI: 0.26-0.43) and prevalence of both anxiety and depression was 18% (95% CI: 0.09-0.29). The prevalence of anxiety (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.39-3.31, Z = 3.47, p=.0005), depression (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.07-3.56, Z = 2.19, p=.03) were higher than that of controls. Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these prevalence estimates. Subgroup analysis was taken according to assessment tools, and sensitivity analysis was done to explore the sources of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS The higher prevalence of depression, anxiety, both depression and anxiety in women with pregnancy and delivery during COVID-19 pandemic although the significant heterogeneity detected in studies. We must interpret the results with caution and also put attention to this result. As the epidemic is ongoing, it is vital to set up a comprehensive crisis prevention system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Sun
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Hejian Tao
- The Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Ma
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Zhejiang Province Mental Health Center, Zhejiang Province Tongde Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The Second Clinical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Tongde Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Nie XD, Wang Q, Wang MN, Zhao S, Liu L, Zhu YL, Chen H. Anxiety and depression and its correlates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2021; 25:109-114. [PMID: 32662692 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2020.1791345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first broke-out in Wuhan China in December 2019, and spread throughout the entire country within a short time. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of depression and anxiety and associated risk factors were analysed in patients with COVID-19. METHODS This single-center cross-sectional study focussed on measuring depression and anxiety using self-report scales. Linear regression was used to determine independent predictors for depression and anxiety. RESULTS A total of 78 patients who were confirmed to have COVID-19 were enrolled in the study. Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms were diagnosed in 35.9% and 38.5% of the patients, respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis found female gender was an independent predictor for higher depression severity index. Having family members who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and family members who died from COVID-19 were independently associated with higher depression severity index and anxiety score. CONCLUSIONS Patients with COVID-19 especially those who had family members diagnosed with COVID-19 or died from COVID-19 were more susceptible to depression and anxiety than were other patients. Effective strategies should be pursued to improve the mental health of this patient population.Key pointsPatients with COVID-19 showed a significantly high prevalence of depression and anxiety.Female patients were associated with higher risk of depression.Patients with family members diagnosed as COVID-19 or died from this disease were associated with higher risk of depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Dan Nie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Min-Nan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Cadre's Ward, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu-Lan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Geronikolou S, Chrousos G. COVID-19-Induced Fear in Infoveillance Studies: Pilot Meta-analysis Study of Preliminary Results. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e21156. [PMID: 33400681 PMCID: PMC7860927 DOI: 10.2196/21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The World Health Organization named the phenomenon of misinformation spread through social media as an “infodemic” and recognized the need to curb it. Misinformation infodemics undermine not only population safety but also compliance to the suggestions and prophylactic measures recommended during pandemics. Objective The aim of this pilot study is to review the impact of social media on general population fear in “infoveillance” studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was followed, and 6 out of 20 studies were retrieved, meta-analyzed, and had their findings presented in the form of a forest plot. Results The summary random and significant event rate was 0.298 (95% CI 0.213-0.400), suggesting that social media–circulated misinformation related to COVID-19 triggered public fear and other psychological manifestations. These findings merit special attention by public health authorities. Conclusions Infodemiology and infoveillance are valid tools in the hands of epidemiologists to help prevent dissemination of false information, which has potentially damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Geronikolou
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Hou F, Bi F, Jiao R, Luo D, Song K. Gender differences of depression and anxiety among social media users during the COVID-19 outbreak in China:a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1648. [PMID: 33148202 PMCID: PMC7609822 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09738-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have shown that the outbreak of infectious diseases would result in mental health problems. Females are in greater risk for psychological problems than males. The present study investigated gender differences of depression and anxiety and explored associated factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among Chinese social media users. Methods We recruited 3088 participants through social media cross China. Participants completed sociodemographic and the COVID-19 epidemic related questions, the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2), and the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-2), the Chinese version of the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. We applied Chi-square test and ANOVA for data description and linear regression analysis for exploring factors associated with depression and anxiety. Results Of 3063 participants eligible for analysis, the total prevalence of depression and anxiety was 14.14 and 13.25%. Females were experiencing more severe stress and anxiety symptoms, while males showed better resilience to stress. The severity of depression symptoms would decrease with the increase of age resilience, and it would increase if being unemployed, feeling less adapted, being more stressed. The severity of anxiety symptoms would decrease with higher education and better resilience, and it would increase if being female, spending over 60 min on COVID-19 related information, less adapted, and being more stressed. Conclusion The findings show the increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in Chinese population during the COVID-19 epidemic, and females are experiencing more severe anxiety symptoms than males. As social media is the current main resource of information related to COVID-19, interventions should be implemented to help users to limit the time they spend on social media and to get key information related to the epidemic from authoritative and authentic resource to avoid infodemic and prevent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsu Hou
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, No.1080 Cuizhu Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengying Bi
- Department of Social Medicine, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.110 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- The First Clinical College, Hainan Medical University, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Longhua District, Haikou, 570100, Hainan, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Social Medicine, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.110 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Kangxing Song
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.51, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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13
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Sharma N, Vaish H. Impact of COVID - 19 on mental health and physical load on women professionals: an online cross-sectional survey. Health Care Women Int 2020; 41:1255-1272. [PMID: 33021925 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1825441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In December, 2019, a pathogen was identified and named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). To prevent its spread, lockdowns were announced and working women had to perform dual roles: work from home and work for home. In the present study researchers aimed to assess mental and physical load on Indian women professionals during lockdown due to COVID-19. An online cross-sectional survey was carried out using a Google form. The questionnaire consisted of queries based on following domains: demographic details, awareness of COVID-19 pandemic, analysis of mental health of participants during lockdown, estimate of physical load for work from home, physical load due to house hold chores and overall effect on health. The sample was collected from 28th April to 12th May 2020 and 537 responses were recorded from women working from home as well as working for home through snowball sampling technique. Mental health was moderately and severely affected in 27.5% and 27% of participants respectively. 34.3% experienced great increase in physical load due to house hold chores during lockdown. 45.81% reported pain in neck and back region with 36.31% participants reported strain in their eyes sometimes. 15.08% and 8.37% had a tendency to over react in the present situation often and always respectively. The women performing work from home and work for home during the lock down are going through moderately increased physical and mental load. Their health is also affected by development of musculoskeletal problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Neurological Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Hina Vaish
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India
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Gao J, Zheng P, Jia Y, Chen H, Mao Y, Chen S, Wang Y, Fu H, Dai J. Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231924. [PMID: 32298385 PMCID: PMC7162477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1234] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huge citizens expose to social media during a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China. We assess the prevalence of mental health problems and examine their association with social media exposure. A cross-sectional study among Chinese citizens aged≥18 years old was conducted during Jan 31 to Feb 2, 2020. Online survey was used to do rapid assessment. Total of 4872 participants from 31 provinces and autonomous regions were involved in the current study. Besides demographics and social media exposure (SME), depression was assessed by The Chinese version of WHO-Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and anxiety was assessed by Chinese version of generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7). multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associations between social media exposure with mental health problems after controlling for covariates. The prevalence of depression, anxiety and combination of depression and anxiety (CDA) was 48.3% (95%CI: 46.9%-49.7%), 22.6% (95%CI: 21.4%-23.8%) and 19.4% (95%CI: 18.3%-20.6%) during COVID-19 outbroke in Wuhan, China. More than 80% (95%CI:80.9%-83.1%) of participants reported frequently exposed to social media. After controlling for covariates, frequently SME was positively associated with high odds of anxiety (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.31-2.26) and CDA (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.52-2.41) compared with less SME. Our findings show there are high prevalence of mental health problems, which positively associated with frequently SME during the COVID-19 outbreak. These findings implicated the government need pay more attention to mental health problems, especially depression and anxiety among general population and combating with "infodemic" while combating during public health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinpin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingnan Jia
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimeng Mao
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Suhong Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Fu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
| | - Junming Dai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Fudan Institute of Health communication, Shanghai, China
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15
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Liu S, Lu L, Bai ZZ, Su M, Qi ZQ, Zhang SY, Chen Y, Ao BY, Cui FZ, Lagarde E, Lii K. Post-Traumatic Stress and School Adaptation in Adolescent Survivors Five Years after the 2010 Yushu Earthquake in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214167. [PMID: 31671736 PMCID: PMC6861989 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The devastating Ms 7.1 earthquake struck Yushu city, China, in 2010, leading to serious consequences and damage in the central Tibetan Plateau. This study aimed to assess school adaptation and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms of adolescent survivors five years after the Yushu earthquake. (2) Methods: A large-scale, school-based mental health survey was conducted 5 years after the earthquake among Tibetan students in the city of Yushu using the Adolescent’s School Adaptation Scale (ASAS) and the PTSD Checklist. (3) Results: A total of 1976 questionnaires were collected. A total of 30.7% of Tibetan adolescents had poor school adaptation and 19.5% were estimated as having probable PTSD. Logistic regression showed that females (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.89), senior students (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39–0.59), and those who participated in post-disaster reconstruction (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.54–0.85) were less likely to have poor school adaptation, while a positive association was observed among those buried under a collapsed building (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.04–2.09) and those who experienced bereavement (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.27–2.45). Students who had experienced bereavement were also more likely to have PTSD (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12–2.28). (4) Conclusions: The post-traumatic effects of the Yushu earthquake on Tibetan adolescents were severe and long-lasting. Sustainable long-term mental health services to help adolescents to restructure their mental health are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, 337 Olmsted Hall, UCR, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Li Lu
- Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Zheng-Zhong Bai
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Min Su
- School of Public Administration, Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia 010021, China.
| | - Zheng-Qing Qi
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Shi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Bing-Yu Ao
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Feng-Zhen Cui
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Qinghai University, Qinghai 810001, China.
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Kehshin Lii
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Riverside, 337 Olmsted Hall, UCR, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Moosavi S, Nwaka B, Akinjise I, Corbett SE, Chue P, Greenshaw AJ, Silverstone PH, Li XM, Agyapong VIO. Mental Health Effects in Primary Care Patients 18 Months After a Major Wildfire in Fort McMurray: Risk Increased by Social Demographic Issues, Clinical Antecedents, and Degree of Fire Exposure. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:683. [PMID: 31620033 PMCID: PMC6760025 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess prevalence of likely posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in patients attending the only out-of-hours primary care clinic in Fort McMurray some 18 months following a major fire. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was used to collect data through self-administered paper-based questionnaires to determine likely PTSD, MDD, and GAD using the PTSD Checklists for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) 5, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) 9, and GAD-7, respectively, from residents of Fort McMurray who were impacted by the wildfires. This was carried out eighteen (18) months after a major wildfire, which required the rapid evacuation of the entire city population (approximately 90,000 individuals). Results: We achieved a response rate of 48% and results from the 290 respondents showed the 1 month prevalence rate for likely PTSD was 13.6%, likely MDD was 24.8%, and likely GAD was 18.0%. Compared to self-reported prevalence rates before the wildfire (0%, 15.2%, and 14.5% respectively), these were increased for all diagnoses. After controlling for other factors in a logistic regression model, there were statistically significant associations between individuals who had likely PTSD, MDD, and GAD diagnoses and multiple socio-demographic, clinical, and exposure-related variables as follows: PTSD: History of anxiety disorder and received counselling had odds ratios (ORs) of 5.80 and 7.14, respectively. MDD: Age, witnessed the burning of homes, history of depressive disorder, and receiving low level support from friends and family had ORs of 2.08, 2.29, 4.63, and 2.5, respectively. GAD: Fearful for their lives or the lives of friends/family, history of depressive disorder, and history of anxiety disorder had ORs of 3.52, 3.04, and 2.68, respectively. There were also associations between individuals with a likely psychiatric diagnosis and those who also had likely alcohol or drug abuse/dependence. Conclusion: Our study suggests there are high prevalence rates for mental health and addiction conditions in patients attending the out-of-hours clinic 18 months after the wildfires, with significant associations between multiple variables and likely PTSD, MDD, and GAD. Further studies are needed to explore the impact of population-based mental health interventions on the long-term mental health effects of the wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Moosavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bernard Nwaka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Idowu Akinjise
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra E. Corbett
- Department of Psychiatry, Northern Lights Regional Health Centre, Fort McMurray, AB, Canada
| | - Pierre Chue
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter H. Silverstone
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Vincent I. O. Agyapong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Sweeney A, Taggart D. (Mis)understanding trauma-informed approaches in mental health. J Ment Health 2018; 27:383-387. [PMID: 30345848 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1520973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sweeney
- a St George's, University of London, Population Health Research Institute , Cranmer Terrace , London , UK
| | - Danny Taggart
- b School of Health and Social Care , University of Essex , Essex , UK
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