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Fernandes Martins Molina NP, Pereira Júnior ADC, Di Donato G, Pillon SC, Giacchero Vedana KG, de Medeiros Alves V, Miasso AI. Factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DEATH STUDIES 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38019646 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2285936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Though pandemic-related suicides are a concern, little is known about factors potentially linking graduate student life and suicide risk. This study identified factors associated with suicide risk among Brazilian graduate students (N = 5,344) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, this study revealed that 31.5% of participants presented some risk for suicide: 16.6% "low risk," 4.7% "moderate risk," and 10.2% "high risk." Higher income and religious affiliation were identified as protective factors. Identified risk factors encompass non-heterosexual orientation, a history of depression or posttraumatic stress or common mental disorders diagnoses, the use of medications-both general and psychopharmaceuticals-without medical prescription, antipsychotics use, alcohol consumption, lack of health insurance, and dissatisfaction with life as a result of accessing social media networks. The high vulnerability of graduate students to suicide risk highlights the need for institutional suicide prevention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriela Di Donato
- Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing, University of São Paulo - EERP-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Binsaeed RH, Grigorescu A, Patru CL, Yousaf Z, Nassani AA, Patru Grigorie L. Mental Well-Being of Nursing Staff and Destructive Role of COVID-19 Fear and Perceived Stress. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1047. [PMID: 37508979 PMCID: PMC10377100 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Health crises across the globe bring dramatic changes to the lives of individuals and organizations. These crises have some psychological effects on society. The COVID-19 pandemic also caused some serious problems for individual and organizational life. Globally, the COVID-19 situation precipitated various economic and psychological issues that are far-reaching and exceptional. Health crises are increasing following the occurrence of COVID-19 due to its psychological effects on individuals worldwide. The current study highlighted the impact of COVID-19 fear on mental well-being (MWB). Most studies have examined the MWB of nursing staff and related their MWB to psychological factors. Few studies have considered the health crisis factors that are important in terms of bringing about variation in the MWB of nursing staff. Nursing staff MWB is impacted by various health crises (including COVID-19) at the global level and it has been ignored by researchers. In this study, a list of 1940 healthcare units with 6758 nursing staff was obtained. A total of 822 nurses were selected with the help of random sampling. The collected data were analyzed using correlation analysis, SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 23, and SEM. Thus, in this study we examined the effect of a health crisis (i.e., COVID-19) fear on the MWB of nurses. Moreover, we also examined the extent to which perceived stress (PS) influences the link between COVID-19 fear and MWB. The study's findings confirmed that COVID-19 fear shown negative effect on MWB, while PS mediated the link between COVID-19 fear and MWB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima H Binsaeed
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adriana Grigorescu
- Department of Public Management, Faculty of Public Administration, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Expozitiei Boulevard, 30A, 012104 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov Street 3, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Laurentiu Patru
- Department 8 Mother and Chid, University of Medicine and Pharmacy from Craiova, Petru Rares Street, 2, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Zahid Yousaf
- Higher Education Department, Government College of Management Sciences, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Abdelmohsen A Nassani
- Department of Management, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, P.O. Box 71115, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Larisa Patru Grigorie
- Institute of National Economy, Romanian Academy, 13 Septembrie Street, 13, Sector 5, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
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Paucsik M, Leys C, Marais G, Baeyens C, Shankland R. Self‐compassion and savouring buffer the impact of the first year of the COVID‐19 on PhD students' mental health. Stress Health 2022; 38:891-901. [PMID: 35286765 PMCID: PMC9111133 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Doctoral students face many challenges that were reinforced by COVID-19-related lockdowns. We assessed this impact over 1 year on doctoral students' depression, anxiety, stress, well-being, and doctoral engagement. We also investigated the potential protective role of self-compassion and savouring on mental health, well-being, and doctoral engagement. A total of 134 PhD students from several French universities responded to the three-time points of this longitudinal study. The results showed a significant increase in depression, anxiety and stress and a significant decrease in well-being and doctoral engagement during the first year of the pandemic. Self-compassion and savouring predicted lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, and higher levels of well-being over time. Savouring alone predicted higher doctoral engagement over time. This study reveals the significant impact of the pandemic year on the mental health of doctoral students, and the relevance of self-compassion and savouring as psychological resources to cope with adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Paucsik
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2SGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Gabriel Marais
- Univ. Lyon 1CNRSLaboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie EvolutiveVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Céline Baeyens
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, LIP/PC2SGrenobleFrance
| | - Rebecca Shankland
- Grenoble Ecole de ManagementGrenobleFrance,Univ. Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratory DIPHE (Development, Individual, Processes, Handicap, Education)BronFrance
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Li C, Yang M, Zhang Y, Lai KW. An Intelligent Mental Health Identification Method for College Students: A Mixed-Method Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14976. [PMID: 36429697 PMCID: PMC9690277 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental health assessments that combine patients' facial expressions and behaviors have been proven effective, but screening large-scale student populations for mental health problems is time-consuming and labor-intensive. This study aims to provide an efficient and accurate intelligent method for further psychological diagnosis and treatment, which combines artificial intelligence technologies to assist in evaluating the mental health problems of college students. MATERIALS AND METHODS We propose a mixed-method study of mental health assessment that combines psychological questionnaires with facial emotion analysis to comprehensively evaluate the mental health of students on a large scale. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) is used for the psychological questionnaire. The facial emotion recognition model is implemented by transfer learning based on neural networks, and the model is pre-trained using FER2013 and CFEE datasets. Among them, the FER2013 dataset consists of 48 × 48-pixel face gray images, a total of 35,887 face images. The CFEE dataset contains 950,000 facial images with annotated action units (au). Using a random sampling strategy, we sent online questionnaires to 400 college students and received 374 responses, and the response rate was 93.5%. After pre-processing, 350 results were available, including 187 male and 153 female students. First, the facial emotion data of students were collected in an online questionnaire test. Then, a pre-trained model was used for emotion recognition. Finally, the online psychological questionnaire scores and the facial emotion recognition model scores were collated to give a comprehensive psychological evaluation score. RESULTS The experimental results of the facial emotion recognition model proposed to show that its classification results are broadly consistent with the mental health survey results. This model can be used to improve efficiency. In particular, the accuracy of the facial emotion recognition model proposed in this paper is higher than that of the general mental health model, which only uses the traditional single questionnaire. Furthermore, the absolute errors of this study in the three symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress are lower than other mental health survey results and are only 0.8%, 8.1%, 3.5%, and 1.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION The mixed method combining intelligent methods and scales for mental health assessment has high recognition accuracy. Therefore, it can support efficient large-scale screening of students' psychological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mingzhao Yang
- Institute of Medical Information Security, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- Institute of Medical Information Security, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Khin Wee Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Zhang F, Litson K, Feldon DF. Social predictors of doctoral student mental health and well-being. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274273. [PMID: 36084102 PMCID: PMC9462740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Graduate students’ mental health and well-being is a prominent concern across various disciplines. However, early predictors of mental health and well-being in graduate education, specifically doctoral education, have rarely been studied. The present study evaluated both the underlying latent classification of individuals’ mental well-being and predictors of those classifications. Results estimated two latent classes of students’ mental health and well-being: one class with generally high levels of mental well-being and one with lower levels of mental well-being. Regression analyses showed that mentoring in the second year of doctoral study, certainty of choice in the third year, and both academic development and sense of belonging in the fourth year were positive predictors of membership in the higher mental well-being class. In contrast to some prior studies, demographic variables were not related to the identified well-being classifications. Regression analyses further showed that mental well-being was negatively related to participants’ number of publications and research self-efficacy, indicating a problematic relationship between scholarly productivity and confidence and well-being. These findings may be used to identify and provide targeted support for students who are at-risk for having or developing lower levels of mental well-being in their graduate programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- School of International Studies, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
- Department of Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaylee Litson
- Department of Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
| | - David F. Feldon
- Department of Instructional Technology and Learning Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, United States of America
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Huang S, Wang D, Zhao J, Chen H, Ma Z, Pan Y, Liu X, Fan F. Changes in suicidal ideation and related influential factors in college students during the COVID-19 lockdown in China. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114653. [PMID: 35671561 PMCID: PMC9404404 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the patterns and predictors of suicidal ideation (SI) trajectories among college students during extended lockdowns in China. A three-wave survey was conducted during the outbreak period, remission period, and prevention period of COVID-19. Distinct patterns of SI trajectories were established by grouping respondents based on temporal changes in SI. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed to examine predictors for delay-occurrence and persistent SI. From a total of 35,516 college students included in the study, rates of SI increased significantly from T1 to T2 (7.3% v. 9.4%) and from T2 to T3 (9.4% v. 12.6%). Five SI trajectories were observed: resilient (80.5% of the sample), recovery (3.6%), relapsing/remitting (4.8%), persistent dysfunction (2.3%) and delayed dysfunction (8.7%). Further, junior-year undergraduates, postgraduates, only-child families, mental health history, confirmed cases in the community of residence, depressive symptoms, and negative coping strategies were significant predictors of distinct SI trajectories, whereas greater social support, more positive coping strategies, and better family functioning were associated with a lower probability of developing delayed or persistent dysfunction during the lockdown period. These findings suggest that continuous preventive and intervening measures for college students during COVID-19 lockdowns are of global importance, particularly among vulnerable groups who experience the most distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Huang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, UK
| | - Zijuan Ma
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Pan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, Centre for Studies of Psychological Applications, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Educational Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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Determinants of wellbeing in university students: The role of residential status, stress, loneliness, resilience, and sense of coherence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMaintaining wellbeing in university students is a government priority, but robust evidence has been lacking. Higher wellbeing is associated with better mental and physical health, higher self-esteem, self-efficacy, and effective coping strategies. This study aimed to identify, through an online survey in 2018, key determinants of wellbeing amongst a sample of 574 (65.5% female) students across all levels of study at a university in the UK. Most respondents (526 (91.8%)) reported feeling unusually stressed or overwhelmed at university. Residential students reported higher loneliness and number of stressors than commuter students, and postgraduate students reported higher wellbeing, resilience, and sense of coherence, and lower perceived stress and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that 71.8% of the variance in wellbeing was predicted by a model containing demographics (age/gender, level of study, number of stressors), psychosocial variables, and perceived stress, with perceived stress, sense of coherence, loneliness, and resilience the strongest predictors. The findings suggest that interventions designed to improve resilience and sense of coherence, and reduce loneliness and perceived stress are likely to be effective in enhancing wellbeing in a student population.
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8
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Jackman PC, Sanderson R, Haughey TJ, Brett CE, White N, Zile A, Tyrrell K, Byrom NC. The impact of the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK for doctoral and early career researchers. HIGHER EDUCATION 2021; 84:705-722. [PMID: 34924592 PMCID: PMC8669662 DOI: 10.1007/s10734-021-00795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Doctoral researchers and early career researchers (ECRs) are crucial to producing scientific advancements and represent the future of academic leadership. Their research endeavours were changed radically by lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the perceived benefits and challenges of the national lockdown in the UK from the perspective of doctoral researchers and ECRs. We present analysis of qualitative survey data from 1,142 doctoral researchers and ECRs on their experiences of the first UK lockdown collected from April 16, 2020-May 14, 2020. Our findings suggest considerable heterogeneity in how the pandemic impacted this key group of academic workers. Challenges arising from the lockdown largely cohered around a poor work environment, limited access to resources, perceptions of pressure, and negative psychological outcomes. Conversely, respondents also highlighted several benefits in the early stages of the pandemic, with the change to working from home creating more time, resulting in greater productivity and a better work-life balance. Collectively, findings indicate the importance of considering the personal circumstances and needs of individual researchers. We discuss the implications for support these researchers require to rebuild their careers in the wake of the initial disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Sanderson
- Lincoln Higher Education Research Institute, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Tandy J. Haughey
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Caroline E. Brett
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Naomi White
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amy Zile
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Katie Tyrrell
- Research Directorate, University of Suffolk, Suffolk, UK
| | - Nicola C. Byrom
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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9
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Winter T, Riordan BC, Hunter JA, Tustin K, Gollop M, Taylor N, Kokaua J, Poulton R, Scarf D. A Longitudinal Study of Mental Wellbeing in Students in Aotearoa New Zealand Who Transitioned Into PhD Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:659163. [PMID: 34093350 PMCID: PMC8172967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Journal editorials, career features, and the popular press commonly talk of a graduate student mental health crisis. To date, studies on graduate student mental health have employed cross-sectional designs, limiting any causal conclusions regarding the relationship between entry into graduate study and mental health. Here, we draw on data from a longitudinal study of undergraduate students in Aotearoa New Zealand, allowing us to compare participants who did, and did not, transition into PhD study following the completion of their undergraduate degree. Using multilevel Bayesian regression, we identified a difference in mental wellbeing between those who entered PhD study and those who did not. This difference, however, was largely due to those not entering PhD study displaying an increase in mental wellbeing. Participants that entered PhD study displayed a small decrease in mental wellbeing, with the posterior distribution of the simple effect heavily overlapping zero. This latter finding was orders of magnitude smaller than one might expect based on previous cross-sectional research and provides an important message; that a marked drop in mental health is not an inevitable consequence of entering graduate study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Winter
- Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin C Riordan
- Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Karen Tustin
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Megan Gollop
- Children's Issues Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Taylor
- Children's Issues Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Kokaua
- Pacific Development Office, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,National Centre for Lifecourse Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Office of Student Success, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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