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Luijten SCM, Te Loo LM, Nauta J, Janssen TWJ, Holla JFM, Otten RHJ, Vriend I, Verhagen E. Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment. Sports Health 2024; 16:551-564. [PMID: 37337621 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231178534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention. DATA SOURCES A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was performed up to December 8, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. STUDY SELECTION The search yielded 3006 articles, of which 64 met all inclusion criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review with quality assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent researchers carried out the screening process and quality assessment. One researcher extracted data, and the Sequence of Prevention categorized evidence. RESULTS A total of 64 studies were included, of which 61 reported on the magnitude and risk factors of sports-related health problems, while only 3 reported on the effectiveness of preventive measures. Of these, 30 studies were of high quality. Most studies (84%) included elite-level athletes. The reported injury incidence varied widely between sports (0-91 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (1-50 per 1000 athlete days). The same applies to illness incidence with regard to different sports (3-49 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (6-14 per 1000 athlete days). CONCLUSION This review shows the current vast range of reported sport-related health problems in para-sports. There is limited evidence concerning the severity of these sports-related health problems and inconclusive evidence on the risk factors. Lastly, the evidence regarding the development and effectiveness of preventive measures for para-athletes is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C M Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie M Te Loo
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F M Holla
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René H J Otten
- Medical Information Specialist, Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
| | - Ingrid Vriend
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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de Groot S, Kouwijzer I, Valent L, van der Woude L. Handbike configurations and the prevalence of experienced sitting and riding-related problems in recreational handcyclists training for the HandbikeBattle. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38372244 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2024.2315466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Implications for rehabilitationA large variety in handbike configurations is seen in recreationally-active handcyclists.Although the majority of the recreationally-active handcyclists seemed to be satisfied with their handbike configurations, 31-50% of them thought that their handbike configuration could be improved.Evidence-based guidelines for handbike fitting should be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center | Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Kouwijzer
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center | Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Valent
- Research & Development, Rehabilitation Center Heliomare, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Adaptive Sports in Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review. CURRENT PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION REPORTS 2022; 10:145-153. [PMID: 35821797 PMCID: PMC9261885 DOI: 10.1007/s40141-022-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Recent Findings Summary
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Low drop-out rates in the HandbikeBattle free-living training study: understanding the reasons for dropping out. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2022; 8:20. [PMID: 35132066 PMCID: PMC8821557 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-022-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Longitudinal observational study. OBJECTIVES During the five-month free-living training period for the HandbikeBattle event several participants dropped out. The aim of this study was to clarify the numbers and reasons for drop out, and to characterize the differences between study participants who did (dropouts) and did not (competitors) drop out during the training period for the HandbikeBattle event. SETTING Former participants of the HandbikeBattle, a handcycling race on an Austrian mountain. METHODS Participants (N = 313 (N = 209 (67%) with spinal cord injury or spina bifida)) enrolled between 2013-2018. Drop out and reasons for drop out were registered. Competitors and dropouts were compared regarding personal, disability, physical, and psychological factors, which were measured at the start of the training period. RESULTS Forty-five participants (14%) dropped out during the training period with medical complications (49%) and motivational problems (29%) as main reasons. The only differences were that competitors participated more in sports before the study (p = 0.01) and achieved a higher peak power output (p = 0.04) compared to dropouts. CONCLUSIONS The drop-out rate of the HandbikeBattle study was low compared to previous exercise intervention studies, which might be related to the less strictly imposed free-living training. Persons with less experience in sport and a lower fitness level might need more attention during a training intervention to prevent them from dropping out.
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Kouwijzer I, Valent LJ, Post MW, Wilders LM, Grootoonk A, van der Woude LH, de Groot S. The Course of Physical Capacity in Wheelchair Users During Training for the HandbikeBattle and at 1-Yr Follow-up. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 100:858-865. [PMID: 33278130 PMCID: PMC8360672 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were (1) to compare physical capacity at 1-yr follow-up with physical capacity before and after the training period for the HandbikeBattle event and (2) to identify determinants of the course of physical capacity during follow-up. DESIGN This was a prospective observational study. Former rehabilitation patients (N = 33) with health conditions such as spinal cord injury or amputation were included. A handcycling/arm crank graded exercise test was performed before (January, T1) and after the training period (June, T2) and at 1-yr follow-up (June, T4). Outcomes were peak power output (W) and peak oxygen uptake (L/min). Determinants were sex (male/female); age (years); classification; physical capacity, musculoskeletal pain, exercise stage of change, and exercise self-efficacy at T1; and HandbikeBattle participation at T4. RESULTS Multilevel regression analyses showed that peak power output and peak oxygen uptake increased during the training period and did not significantly change during follow-up (T1: 112 ± 37 W, 1.70 ± 0.48 L/min; T2: 130 ± 40 W, 2.07 ± 0.59 L/min; T4: 126 ± 42 W, 2.00 ± 0.57 L/min). Participants who competed again in the HandbikeBattle showed slight improvement in physical capacity during follow-up, whereas participants who did not compete again showed a decrease. CONCLUSION Physical capacity showed an increase during the training period and remained stable after 1-yr follow-up. Being (repeatedly) committed to a challenge might facilitate long-term exercise maintenance.
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The Effectiveness of Active Rehabilitation Camp on Physical Performance of Disabled People Moving in Wheelchairs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147572. [PMID: 34300023 PMCID: PMC8306593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Regular participation in physical activity (PA) prevents many medical complications and improves the physical fitness of people with spinal cord injury, and in turn improves the functional independence, psychosocial status and quality of life. The goal of Active Rehabilitation Camps (ARCs) is to use various forms of PA in order for the participants to obtain the greatest efficiency and independence in everyday life. (2) Purpose: To evaluate the improvement in physical performance of people with chronic spinal cord disabilities moving in wheelchairs taking part in the Active Rehabilitation Camp depending on (a) sex, (b) type of disability, (c) the level of injury and (d) the type of wheelchair. (3) Methods: The study included 42 wheelchair users: 28 men and 14 women aged 18-65 years (34.7 ± 14.9 years) taking part in the Active Rehabilitation Camp. Finally, the study involved 27 paraplegics, 9 tetraplegics and 6 individuals with myelomeningocele. The participants took part in four fitness tests: (1) sprint test (SP)-individual time to cover a distance of 15 m in the wheelchair; (2) slalom test (SL)-time to ride between four cones front and back; (3) basketball ball throw at a distance (BT), (4) zig-zag test (ZZ)-riding continuously for 6 min on the designated track. The tests were performed at the beginning and at the end of the ACR. Active wheelchairs were used by 32 participants, and 10 participants used the classic wheelchairs. (4) Results: Paraplegics achieved the best average results in all the tests and the best improvement in physical performance in comparison to individuals with myelomeningocele and tetraplegics. People in active wheelchairs achieved a statistically significant improvement in the results of SL and ZZ (p < 0.001). People with injury above Th-9 level of the spinal cord achieved a statistically significant improvement in the results of SP (p < 0.01), SL and ZZ (p < 0.01). People with injury below Th6 achieved a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in SP, SL and ZZ. (5) Conclusions: Regular PA during the Active Rehabilitation Camp improves the physical performance of disabled people in wheelchairs, but the scale of improvement of physical performance fitness depends on the type of wheelchair used and the level and the type of injury.
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Abonie US, Monden P, van der Woude L, Hettinga FJ. Effect of a 7-week low intensity synchronous handcycling training programme on physical capacity in abled-bodied women. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1472-1480. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1880171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulric S. Abonie
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Paul Monden
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands
- School of Sport, Exercise & Health Sciences, Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Florentina J. Hettinga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kouwijzer I, Valent LJM, van Bennekom CAM, Post MWM, van der Woude LHV, de Groot S. Training for the HandbikeBattle: an explorative analysis of training load and handcycling physical capacity in recreationally active wheelchair users. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:2723-2732. [PMID: 33147423 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1839974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) to analyze training characteristics of recreationally active wheelchair users during handcycle training, and (2) to examine the associations between training load and change in physical capacity. METHODS Former rehabilitation patients (N = 60) with health conditions such as spinal cord injury or amputation were included. Participants trained for five months. A handcycling/arm crank graded exercise test was performed before and after the training period. Outcomes: peak power output per kg (POpeak/kg) and peak oxygen uptake per kg (VO2peak/kg). Training load was defined as Training Impulse (TRIMP), which is rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) multiplied by duration of the session, in arbitrary units (AU). Training intensity distribution (TID) was also determined (time in zone 1, RPE ≤4; zone 2, RPE 5-6; zone 3, RPE ≥7). RESULTS Multilevel regression analyses showed that TRIMPsRPE was not significantly associated with change in physical capacity. Time in zone 2 (RPE 5-6) was significantly associated with ΔVO2peak, %ΔVO2peak, ΔVO2peak/kg and %ΔVO2peak/kg. CONCLUSION Training at RPE 5-6 was the only determinant that was significantly associated with improvement in physical capacity. Additional controlled studies are necessary to demonstrate causality and gather more information about its usefulness, and optimal handcycle training regimes for recreationally active wheelchair users.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMonitoring of handcycle training load is important to structure the training effort and intensity over time and to eventually optimize performance capacity. This is especially important for relatively untrained wheelchair users, who have a low physical capacity and a high risk of overuse injuries and shoulder pain.Training load can be easily calculated by multiplying the intensity of the training (RPE 0-10) with the duration of the training in minutes.Results on handcycle training at RPE 5-6 intensity in recreationally active wheelchair users suggests to be promising and should be further investigated with controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kouwijzer
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J M Valent
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
| | - Coen A M van Bennekom
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel W M Post
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMCU Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kraaijenbrink C, Vegter R, de Groot S, Arnet U, Valent L, Verellen J, van Breukelen K, Hettinga F, Perret C, Abel T, Goosey-Tolfrey V, van der Woude L. Biophysical aspects of handcycling performance in rehabilitation, daily life and recreational sports; a narrative review. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3461-3475. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1815872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Kraaijenbrink
- Center for Human Movement Sciences Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Movement Science, Institute for Sport Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Riemer Vegter
- Center for Human Movement Sciences Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Center for Human Movement Sciences Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Linda Valent
- Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
| | | | - Kees van Breukelen
- Handcycling Ergonomic Advisor (Sport)Wheelchair and Handbike Shop RD Mobility, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
- International Classifier for Handcycling, Wheelchairrugby, Wheelchairbasketball, Wheelchairhandball and PowerChair Hockey
| | | | - Claudio Perret
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
- Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Institute of Sports Medicine, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Abel
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
- Sports Sciences Center, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Victoria Goosey-Tolfrey
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
- School of Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences, Peter Harrison Center for Disability Sports, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Lucas van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- European Research Group in Disability Sport (ERGiDS)
- Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, The Netherlands
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van der Woude LHV, Houdijk HJP, Janssen TWJ, Seves B, Schelhaas R, Plaggenmarsch C, Mouton NLJ, Dekker R, van Keeken H, de Groot S, Vegter RJK. Rehabilitation: mobility, exercise & sports; a critical position stand on current and future research perspectives. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 43:3476-3491. [PMID: 32805152 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1806365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human movement, rehabilitation, and allied sciences have embraced their ambitions within the cycle of "RehabMove" congresses over the past 30 years. This combination of disciplines and collaborations in the Netherlands has tried to provide answers to questions in the fields of rehabilitation and adapted sports, while simultaneously generating new questions and challenges. These research questions help us to further deepen our understanding of (impaired) human movement and functioning, with and without supportive technologies, and stress the importance of continued multidisciplinary (inter)national collaboration. METHODS This position stand provides answers that were conceived by the authors in a creative process underlining the preparation of the 6th RehabMove Congress. RESULTS The take-home message of the RehabMove2018 Congress is a plea for continued multidisciplinary research in the fields of rehabilitation and adapted sports. This should be aimed at more individualized notions of human functioning, practice, and training, but also of performance, improved supportive technology, and appropriate "human and technology asset management" at both individual and organization levels and over the lifespan. CONCLUSIONS With this, we anticipate to support the development of rehabilitation sciences and technology and to stimulate the use of rehabilitation notions in general health care. We also hope to help ensure a stronger embodiment of preventive and lifestyle medicine in rehabilitation practice. Indeed, general health care and rehabilitation practice require a healthy and active lifestyle management and research agenda in the context of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONContinued multidisciplinary (international) collaboration will stimulate the development of rehabilitation and human movement sciences.Notions from "human and technology asset management and ergonomics" are fundamental to rehabilitation practice and research.The rehabilitation concept will further merge into general health care and the quality there-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H V van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han J P Houdijk
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Research & Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bregje Seves
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Reslin Schelhaas
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corien Plaggenmarsch
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noor L J Mouton
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Dekker
- Center for Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helco van Keeken
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer J K Vegter
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sport participation after the HandbikeBattle: benefits, barriers, facilitators from the event-a follow-up survey. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2020; 6:54. [PMID: 32601299 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-020-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate sports participation among individuals in the HandbikeBattle project 1.5-5.5 years after the event, the barriers and facilitators to sport participation and benefits of participating in the event. SETTING Former participants of the HandbikeBattle, a handcycling race on an Austrian mountain. METHODS Handcyclists who took part in one or more HandbikeBattle events in 2013-2017 were invited to complete a survey in December 2018. Questions were asked on benefits of participating in this event, current sport participation, and experienced barriers and facilitators regarding current sport participation. RESULTS Respondents (N = 96 (N = 59 with spinal cord injury (SCI) or Spina Bifida (SB)), response rate = 47%) reported benefits from this event regarding their fitness level (90%), personal development (81%), daily life activities (66%), and health (64%). Median current sport participation was 5 h/week (IQR: 3-8). Most frequently indicated personal barriers for sports participation were: lack of time (31%), disability (17%), and pain (15%). Most frequently mentioned environmental barriers were: transportation time to sport accommodation (19%), and lack of peers to do sports with (16%). Most important facilitators were motivation to improve health and/or fitness (92%), fun and/or relaxation (85%). The results for the subgroup with SCI were comparable with the results of the total group. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the role sports challenges can have in establishing a sustainable active life lifestyle among people with disabilities.
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Changes in Quality of Life During Training for the HandbikeBattle and Associations With Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2020; 101:1017-1024. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Declerck L, Kaux JF, Vanderthommen M, Lejeune T, Stoquart G. The Effect of Adaptive Sports on Individuals with Acquired Neurological Disabilities and Its Role in Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:458-473. [PMID: 31834178 DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this systematic review were to report on the feasibility of adaptive sports for individuals with acquired central neurological lesion; to analyze the effects of this approach according to the domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Health and Disability (ICF); and to emit guiding points for future research. Two authors searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Pedro, and SPORTdiscus for eligible trials. Data concerning demographics, outcome measures, results, and conclusions were extracted, and a qualitative synthesis was performed. Adaptive sports seem to be a feasible, efficient, and cost-effective complement to conventional rehabilitation. Significant effects were found on all domains of the ICF, except "environmental factors." Key factors, such as intervention volume, intensity, and type, play a determining role. This review is the first to expose the beneficial effects of adaptive sports practice among individuals with neurological lesions by relying on prospective evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Declerck
- Neuromusculoskeletal Laboratory, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Brussels, BELGIUM
| | - Jean-François Kaux
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, BELGIUMSportS, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Clinical Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BELGIUM.,SportS, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Clinical Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BELGIUM
| | - Marc Vanderthommen
- Department of Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, BELGIUMSportS, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, IOC Research Centre for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health, FIMS Clinical Centre of Sports Medicine, University and University Hospital of Liège, Liège, BELGIUM
| | - Thierry Lejeune
- Neuromusculoskeletal Laboratory, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Brussels, BELGIUM.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinic of Saint-Luc, Brussels, BELGIUM.,Louvain Bionics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, BELGIUM
| | - Gaëtan Stoquart
- Neuromusculoskeletal Laboratory, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Brussels, BELGIUM.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Clinic of Saint-Luc, Brussels, BELGIUM.,Louvain Bionics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, BELGIUM
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Kouwijzer I, Valize M, Valent LJM, Grandjean Perrenod Comtesse P, van der Woude LHV, de Groot S. The influence of protocol design on the identification of ventilatory thresholds and the attainment of peak physiological responses during synchronous arm crank ergometry in able-bodied participants. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2275-2286. [PMID: 31435767 PMCID: PMC6763408 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the effects of stage duration on power output (PO), oxygen uptake (VO2), and heart rate (HR) at peak level and ventilatory thresholds during synchronous arm crank ergometry. Methods Nineteen healthy participants completed a ramp, 1-min stepwise, and 3-min stepwise graded arm crank exercise test. PO, VO2, and HR at the first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1, VT2) and peak level were compared among the protocols: a repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to test for systematic differences, while intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were calculated to determine relative and absolute agreement. Results Systematic differences among the protocols were found for PO at VT1, VT2, and peak level. At peak level, PO differed significantly among all protocols (ramp: 115 ± 37 W; 1-min stepwise: 108 ± 34 W; 3-min stepwise: 94 ± 31 W, p ≤ 0.01). No systematic differences for HR or VO2 were found among the protocols. VT1 and VT2 were identified at 52% and 74% of VO2peak, respectively. The relative agreement among protocols varied (ICC 0.02–0.97), while absolute agreement was low with small-to-large systematic error and large random error. Conclusions PO at VTs and peak level was significantly higher in short-stage protocols compared with the 3-min stepwise protocol, whereas HR and VO2 showed no differences. Therefore, training zones based on PO determined in short-stage protocols might give an overestimation. Moreover, due to large random error in HR at VTs between the protocols, it is recommended that different protocols should not be used interchangeably within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kouwijzer
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands. .,Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mitch Valize
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda J M Valent
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Center for Rehabilitation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Lobo-Prat J, Dong Y, Moreso G, Lew C, Sharifrazi N, Radom-Aizik S, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Development and Evaluation of MOVit: An Exercise-Enabling Interface for Driving a Powered Wheelchair. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1770-1779. [PMID: 31380764 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2932121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Powered wheelchair users can experience negative health effects from reduced physical activity. If a user could exercise by driving the chair, it might improve fitness. This paper presents the development of MOVit, an exercise-enabling, wheelchair driving interface. The design goal of MOVit was that users cyclically move their arms to drive the chair, thereby providing a light level of exercise while driving. MOVit supports this arm movement with custom mobile arm supports that also serve as the sensors that provide controller inputs. Here, we first quantified how increasing the frequency and amplitude of arm movement increase oxygen consumption and heart rate. Then, we evaluated two novel control methods for driving by moving the arm supports. Participants without impairment ( N = 24 ) were randomized to one of the two methods, or conventional joystick control, and performed driving tests over two days on a simulator and test course. Our results indicate that driving speed and accuracy were significantly lowered with the exercise-enabling methods compared to joystick control (ANOVA, ), but the decreases were small (speed was ~0.1 m/s less and course tracking error ~1 cm greater). These results show, for the first time, the feasibility of exercising while driving a powered wheelchair.
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16
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Kouwijzer I, Cowan RE, Maher JL, Groot FP, Riedstra F, Valent LJM, van der Woude LHV, de Groot S. Interrater and intrarater reliability of ventilatory thresholds determined in individuals with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2019; 57:669-678. [PMID: 30820032 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. OBJECTIVES Individualized training regimes are often based on ventilatory thresholds (VTs). The objectives were to study: (1) whether VTs during arm ergometry could be determined in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI), (2) the intrarater and interrater reliability of VT determination. SETTING University research laboratory. METHODS Thirty graded arm crank ergometry exercise tests with 1-min increments of recreationally active individuals (tetraplegia (N = 11), paraplegia (N = 19)) were assessed. Two sports physicians assessed all tests blinded, randomly, in two sessions, for VT1 and VT2, resulting in 240 possible VTs. Power output (PO), heart rate (HR), and oxygen uptake (VO2) at each VT were compared between sessions or raters using paired samples t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC, relative agreement), and Bland-Altman plots (random error, absolute agreement). RESULTS Of the 240 VTs, 217 (90%) could be determined. Of the 23 undetermined VTs, 2 (9%) were VT1 and 21 (91%) were VT2; 7 (30%) among individuals with paraplegia, and 16 (70%) among individuals with tetraplegia. For the successfully determined VTs, there were no systematic differences between sessions or raters. Intrarater and interrater ICCs for PO, HR, and VO2 at each VT were high to very high (0.82-1.00). Random error was small to large within raters, and large between raters. CONCLUSIONS For VTs that could be determined, relative agreement was high to very high, absolute agreement varied. For some individuals, often with tetraplegia, VT determination was not possible, thus other methods should be considered to prescribe exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kouwijzer
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands. .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Rachel E Cowan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine & The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Maher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine & The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Floor P Groot
- Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.,Sport- en Beweegkliniek, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Feikje Riedstra
- Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.,Sport- en Beweegkliniek, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Linda J M Valent
- Research and Development, Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands
| | - Lucas H V van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja de Groot
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Maijers MC, Verschuren O, Stolwijk-Swüste JM, van Koppenhagen CF, de Groot S, Post MWM. Is Fitbit Charge 2 a feasible instrument to monitor daily physical activity and handbike training in persons with spinal cord injury? A pilot study. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:84. [PMID: 30245852 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Study design It is a longitudinal pilot study. Objectives To investigate the feasibility of a low-cost and widely used fitness tracker with step count and heart rate data to monitor daily physical activity in wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting Dutch community. Methods Six participants with SCI who were in training for a handbike event were recruited. They were asked to wear a Fitbit Charge 2® 24 h a day for at least 2 weeks and were questioned about the utility and user-friendliness of this device. Results Five out of six participants managed to wear the device nonstop for 2 weeks, and continued to wear the device after this initial period. Most participants were enthusiastic about the direct feedback provided by the tracker and reported the data to be accurate. Data collected during more than 2 months of three participants and during 8 months on one of them showed the possibility of detecting training days and observing interpersonal and intrapersonal variation in daily physical activity level. Conclusions A commercially available, low-cost, self-monitoring multi-sensor wrist device or a fitness tracker like the Fitbit Charge 2® can be a promising instrument to monitor daily activity levels among wheelchair users with SCI. The free commercial dashboard and log data clearly show trends of variations in physical activity and increases in heart rate, which are of value to both researchers and clinicians interested in identifying training schedules of wheelchair athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Maijers
- 1Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - O Verschuren
- 1Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J M Stolwijk-Swüste
- 1Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C F van Koppenhagen
- 2Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S de Groot
- Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,4Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M W M Post
- 1Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University
- De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,5Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Effect of self-guided training for the HandbikeBattle on body composition in people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2018; 4:79. [PMID: 30155275 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Study design Single-group pre-test post-test study. Objectives Examine the change in (1) fitness and body composition due to self-guided training in preparation for the HandbikeBattle in people with spinal cord injury (SCI); and (2) whether these possible body composition changes are associated with changes in fitness. Setting Handcycling teams of Dutch rehabilitation centers training for the HandbikeBattle, a handcycling race on an Austrian mountain. Methods Fitness (peak power output (POpeak) determined during a graded handcycling exercise test) and body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), %fat determined with skinfolds and fat and fat free mass (% and kg) assessed by bio-impedance analysis (BIA)) of 18 persons with SCI were evaluated before and after 4 months of training for the HandbikeBattle. The effects of training were evaluated with repeated measures ANOVA. Associations among changes in POpeak and changes in body composition were calculated with Pearson correlation coefficients. Results Training for the HandbikeBattle led to significant improvements in POpeak, fat mass measured by BIA (19.6 ± 9.6 kg to 18.5 ± 8.3 kg, p = 0.02), %fat measured by skinfolds (28.4 ± 7.8% to 27.2 ± 7.2%, p = 0.02), while body mass and WC approached significance (p = 0.06). Association among changes in body composition and changes in POpeak ranged from trivial (e.g., for %fat BIA r = -0.023) to moderate (e.g., for WC, r = -0.32). Conclusions Self-guided training for the HandbikeBattle led to a large increase in fitness but had a small effect on body composition, e.g., nutrition may play a more important role than exercise.
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Wang YS, Liu B, Jiang Y, Liu ZH, Yao H. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members in Urumqi, China. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2017; 3:129-134. [PMID: 29063066 PMCID: PMC5627688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability, and is closely related to a lack of exercise. Currently, most Chinese medical staff members lack exercise and may be at risk for stroke. We sought to determine the risk factors for stroke and study the significance of health-related physical fitness testing in stroke prevention among Chinese medical staff members. Methods A total of 627 subjects from Urumqi, Xinjiang, China, were included in the study and a survey was conducted from 1st January 2016 to 1st February 2016. Stroke screening and health-related physical fitness testing were completed according to the standard protocol, and the related data were analyzed. Results Based on the screening, 27.6% (n = 173) of the subjects were at high risk for stroke. The top risk factors for stroke in these subjects were dyslipidemia, lack of exercise or mild physical activity, being overweight or obese, and high blood pressure. Body weight, body mass index, body fat, visceral fat area, body fat percentage, and basal metabolic rate were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Lung capacity, step index, grip test, vertical jump, and sit-up/push-up index were significantly lower (P < 0.01) in subjects at high risk for stroke than in subjects who were not at high risk. Conclusions A large proportion of China's on-the-job medical personnel is at high risk for stroke. This may be related to the nature of the profession and warrants more attention from the society. The health-related physical fitness measurement parameters in subjects at high risk for stroke were significantly different from those in subjects who were not at high risk. Screening and health-related physical fitness testing in medical staff members may contribute to stroke prevention. More rigorous controlled clinical trials will be needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Wang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hua Yao
- Center of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830054, China
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