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Cheung L, Chiang J, Kaiser A, Patterson KK, Musselman KE. Exploring the Experiences and Perceptions of Adults With Spinal Cord Injury or Disease Aged 50 Years or Older on Participation in Sports. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2023; 29:37-50. [PMID: 38076497 PMCID: PMC10704220 DOI: 10.46292/sci23-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Sports are physical activities that provide physical, psychological, and social benefits for individuals with spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D). However, most sports research has been completed on individuals with SCI/D who are aged >50 years, even though the majority of people with SCI/D are aged >50 years. Despite substantial evidence supporting sports for older adults not living with a disability, there is currently no research examining the impact of sports for adults with SCI/D aged ≥50 years. Objectives To explore the perceptions and experiences of individuals with SCI/D aged 50 years or older who participate in sports in the community. Methods Fifteen adults with SCI/D aged ≥50 years who participated in community-based sports were interviewed. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Conventional content analysis was applied to the data. Results The overarching theme identified was that sports are fun and adaptable physical activities that have the potential to optimize physical, psychological, and social health in all people with SCI/D, regardless of age. Within this overarching theme, six categories surfaced: (1) importance of participating in sports later in life, (2) prioritizing health over performance, (3) uncertainties about participating in sports later in life, (4) reflections on participating in sports later in life, (5) beliefs on alternative sports involvement, and (6) advice for other aging adults with SCI/D considering sports. Conclusion Sports are perceived to provide physical, psychological, and social benefits for individuals with SCI/D aged 50 years or older. Findings will inform the development of future adaptive sports programs for older individuals with SCI/D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovisa Cheung
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jessica Chiang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anita Kaiser
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kara K. Patterson
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristin E. Musselman
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- KITE-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Demers I, Corriveau G, Morneau-Vaillancourt G, Lamontagne ME, Camden C, Moffet H, Maltais DB. A Clinical Practice Guide to Enhance Physical Activity Participation for Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder in Canada. Physiother Can 2023; 75:293-307. [PMID: 37736410 PMCID: PMC10510533 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This clinical practice guide (CPG) aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for promoting and enhancing the participation and integration of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) into physical activities that take place in the home, school, community, or rehabilitation clinic contexts. Methods A panel of key stakeholders relevant to these contexts (parents, instructors, rehabilitation professionals) developed evidence-based recommendations using a consensus methodology after reviewing results from a recent systematic review of relevant literature. The quality of the evidence on which the recommendations were based was evaluated (2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence scale) as was the strength of the final CPG recommendations (American Society of Plastic Surgeons Grade Recommendation Scale). Results Recommendations (n = 50; 36% supported by robust, empirically derived evidence) for the different stakeholder groups fell into three categories: 1) Choose an appropriate activity for your child, 2) Harmonize the activity with the child's interests and abilities, and 3) Help the child learn new movements prior to the activity. Conclusions This comprehensive CPG provides concrete recommendations, based on the currently available evidence, that can be used by stakeholders to address the physical activity participation and integration needs of children with DCD in a variety of contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Demers
- From the:
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Corriveau
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Eve Lamontagne
- From the:
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Camden
- Medicine and Health Sciences Faculty, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Hélène Moffet
- From the:
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Désirée B. Maltais
- From the:
Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), CIUSSS de la Capitale Nationale, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Luijten SCM, Te Loo LM, Nauta J, Janssen TWJ, Holla JFM, Otten RHJ, Vriend I, Verhagen E. Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment. Sports Health 2023:19417381231178534. [PMID: 37337621 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231178534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention. DATA SOURCES A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was performed up to December 8, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. STUDY SELECTION The search yielded 3006 articles, of which 64 met all inclusion criteria. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review with quality assessment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent researchers carried out the screening process and quality assessment. One researcher extracted data, and the Sequence of Prevention categorized evidence. RESULTS A total of 64 studies were included, of which 61 reported on the magnitude and risk factors of sports-related health problems, while only 3 reported on the effectiveness of preventive measures. Of these, 30 studies were of high quality. Most studies (84%) included elite-level athletes. The reported injury incidence varied widely between sports (0-91 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (1-50 per 1000 athlete days). The same applies to illness incidence with regard to different sports (3-49 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (6-14 per 1000 athlete days). CONCLUSION This review shows the current vast range of reported sport-related health problems in para-sports. There is limited evidence concerning the severity of these sports-related health problems and inconclusive evidence on the risk factors. Lastly, the evidence regarding the development and effectiveness of preventive measures for para-athletes is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sietske C M Luijten
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie M Te Loo
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Joske Nauta
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas W J Janssen
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn F M Holla
- Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Rehabilitation Research Centre, Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Center for Adapted Sports Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute of Sport Science, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René H J Otten
- Medical Information Specialist, Medical Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands)
| | - Ingrid Vriend
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Henríquez M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Cristi-Montero C, Reina R, Alvarez C, Ferrari G, Aguilar-Farias N, Sadarangani KP. Alarming low physical activity levels in Chilean adults with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic: a representative national survey analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090050. [PMID: 37333554 PMCID: PMC10272572 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with disabilities usually face barriers to regularly engaging in physical activities. Estimating physical activity patterns are necessary to elaborate policies and strategies to facilitate active lifestyles, considering the particular access difficulties experienced by this population. Purpose This study aimed (i) to describe the prevalence of physical activity levels and (ii) to examine the associations of physical activity levels with socio-demographic variables and type of disability in the 2020 Chilean National Physical Activity and Sports Habits in Populations with Disabilities (CNPASHPwD) survey during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional data from 3,150 adults (18-99 years old), 59.8% female, were analyzed from November to December 2020. Self-reported age, gender, type of disability (i.e., physical, visual, hearing, intellectual, or mixed), socio-economic status, area and zone of residence, and physical activity levels (0 min/week, < 150 min/week, ≥ 150 min/week) were obtained. Results 11.9% of the participants were classified as active (≥ 150 min/week), and 62.6% declared no involvement in physical activity. A larger proportion of females (61.7%) did not meet the current guidelines (≥ 150 min/week of physical activity) in comparison with males (p < 0.001). Participants with visual and hearing disabilities were more likely to be active than those with other types of disabilities. Those living in the central and southern regions of Chile were more likely to be physically active than those from the northern region. Also, older participants, women, and those from lower socio-economic statuses were less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines. Conclusion Alarmingly, nine out of ten participants were categorized as physically inactive, particularly women, older adults, and those with a low socioeconomic status. If the pandemic context moderated, the considerable prevalence of reduced physical activity levels deserves future exploration. Health promotion initiatives should consider these aspects, emphasizing inclusive environments and increasing opportunities to favor healthy behaviors, countering the COVID-19 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Henríquez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Raul Reina
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Cristián Alvarez
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health and Dentistry, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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Stieler E, de Mello MT, Lôbo ILB, Gonçalves DA, Resende R, Andrade AG, Lourenço TF, Silva AAC, Andrade HA, Guerreiro R, Silva A. Current Technologies and Practices to Assess External Training Load in Paralympic Sport: A Systematic Review. J Sport Rehabil 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37156538 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2022-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Knowing the methods to assess the external load in Paralympic sports can help multidisciplinary teams rely on scientific evidence to better prescribe and monitor the athlete's development, improving sports performance and reducing the risk of injury/illness of Paralympic athletes. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to systematically explore the current practices of quantifying the external load in Paralympic sports and provide an overview of the methods and techniques used. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A search in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO was carried out until November 2022. The measures of interest were objective methods for quantifying the external load of training or competition. The inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows: (1) peer-reviewed article; (2) the population were Paralympic athletes; (3) evaluated during training or competition; (4) reported at least one external load measure; and (5) published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Of the 1961 articles found, 22 were included because they met the criteria, and 8 methods were identified to quantify the external load in training or competition in 8 Paralympic sports. The methods varied according to the characteristics of the Paralympic sports. To date, the devices used included an internal radiofrequency-based tracking system (wheelchair rugby) a miniaturized data logger (wheelchair tennis, basketball, and rugby); a linear position transducer (powerlifting and wheelchair basketball); a camera (swimming, goalball, and wheelchair rugby); a global positioning system (wheelchair tennis); heart rate monitors that assess external load variables in set (paracycling and swimming) and an electronic timer (swimming). CONCLUSIONS Different objective methods were identified to assess the external load in Paralympic sports. However, few studies showed the validity and reliability of these methods. Further studies are needed to compare different methods of external load quantification in other Paralympic sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Stieler
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Academia Paralímpica Brasileira, Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Marco T de Mello
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Academia Paralímpica Brasileira, Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Ingrid L B Lôbo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Ibirité, MG,Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Renan Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - André G Andrade
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Thiago F Lourenço
- Academia Paralímpica Brasileira, Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Anselmo A C Silva
- Academia Paralímpica Brasileira, Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA,Brazil
| | | | - Renato Guerreiro
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
- Academia Paralímpica Brasileira, Comitê Paralímpico Brasileiro, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
- Centro de Treinamento Esportivo da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG,Brazil
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Grade I, Andrade H, Guerreiro R, Stieler E, da Silva FR, da Silva HGV, Vital R, Resende RA, Gonçalves DAP, Andrade AG, de Mello MT, Silva A. The Sleep Parameters of Paralympic Athletes: Characteristics and Assessment Instruments. J Sport Rehabil 2023; 32:203-14. [PMID: 36150706 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sleep serves many important functions for athletes, particularly in the processes of learning, memory, recovery, and cognition. OBJECTIVES Define the sleep parameters of Paralympic athletes and identify the instruments used to assess and monitor sleep Paralympic athletes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION This systematic review was carried out based on the PRISMA guidelines. The survey was conducted in April 2020, the searches were carried out again in September 2021 to check whether there were new scientific publications in the area of sleep and Paralympic sport, searches were performed in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Virtual Health Library (BIREME), and SciELO. This systematic review has included studies that investigated at least one of the following sleep parameters: total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings, quality of sleep, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype; the participants were comprised of athletes with disabilities. Studies published at any time in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, were included. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Data extraction and study selection were performed by 2 researchers independently, and a third author was consulted as necessary. The search returned a total of 407 studies. Following the screening based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 13 studies were considered. Paralympic athletes have a low amount (7.06 h) of sleep with poor quality and sleep latency (28.05 min), and 57.2% have daytime sleepiness, with the majority belonging to the indifferent chronotype (53, 5%). Moreover, 11 studies assess sleep using subjective instruments (questionnaires), and 2 studies used an objective instrument (actigraphy). CONCLUSIONS Sleep disorders are common among Paralympic athletes, poor sleep quality and quantity, and high rates of daytime sleepiness. Subjective methods are most commonly used to assess sleep.
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Pineda RC, Krampe RT, Vanlandewijck Y, Van Biesen D. Athletes with intellectual disability: The effects of cognitive deficits and sports practice on bipedal standing balance. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2022; 36:96-105. [PMID: 36164803 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Athletes with intellectual disability represent a unique population who experiences the contrasting effects of cognitive deficits and benefits of sports on balance. This study investigated the combined impact of intellectual disability and sport practice on balance. METHOD Center-of-pressure excursion in bipedal stance of 2 disability (with and without intellectual disability) × 2 sport practice (athlete and novice) participant groups was measured in several balance conditions. RESULTS Sport practice exerted no significant effect on any of the center-of-pressure measures used. In contrast, intellectual disability's effects on balance, which were most apparent in challenging balance conditions, were significant (p < .05) and had large effect sizes (ηp 2 > 0.13). CONCLUSION The negative effects of cognitive deficits on the balance of young adults with intellectual disability underscore the need for effective interventions. Although findings did not support sports' balance-remediating potential, the value of sport participation for individuals with intellectual disability cannot be fully dismissed just yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Charles Pineda
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ralf Th Krampe
- Brain & Cognition Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yves Vanlandewijck
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Physiology, Nutrition and Biomechanics, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Debbie Van Biesen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Movement and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Stieler E, Costa VTD, Cruz AÂS, Rosa JPP, Lôbo ILB, Romão J, Esteves AM, de Mello MT, Silva A. Total Testosterone and Cortisol During Wheelchair Rugby Training in Athletes With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury. J Sport Rehabil 2022;:1-6. [PMID: 35580845 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2021-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hormonal assessment in the sport context is important to monitor the physiological adaptations of athletes. However, Paralympic athletes, especially with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI), may have different hormonal responses than nondisabled athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the blood concentrations of total testosterone (TT) and cortisol (C) during acute (one training session) and chronic (1 and 2 month) training of athletes with CSCI in wheelchair rugby (WCR). DESIGN Longitudinal and observational study. METHODS Eight high-performance athletes with CSCI (31 [3.9] y; 75.6 [15.8] kg; 22.9 [4.2] kg/m2 body mass index; 6.2 [2] y of experience in sport) were evaluated at 3 different intervals (evaluations 1, 2, and 3 [E1, E2, and E3]) over 2 months of training. TT and C blood were evaluated before (pre) and after (post) the training sessions at each training moment, as well as the training load through the ratings of perceived exertion. RESULTS Athletes with CSCI had low TT concentrations. In acute training sessions, at E3, C decreases after the training session, unlike the TT/C ratio, which increased after the session. Regarding hormonal changes during chronic training at the end of the training period, unlike C, which increased. The training load (arbitrary units) decreased in E3 when compared with the other evaluation moments. CONCLUSION It was concluded that in chronic training, TT concentrations decreased, while C increased at the end of the 2 months of training. These results may indicate that training volume was high throughout training and that a reduction in training volume could benefit athletes. On the other hand, in the acute training session with reduced training load, a decrease in C was observed after the training session. This indicates that athletes may be well recovered in this training session. Therefore, we suggest acute and long-term hormonal assessment for athletes with CSCI as a strategy to monitor anabolic/catabolic hormonal status during WCR training.
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Joaquim DP, Juzwiak CR, Winckler C. Diet Quality Profile of Track-and-Field Paralympic Athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;1-7. [PMID: 31034250 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diet quality of Brazilian Paralympic track-and-field team sprinters and its variation between days. All sprinters (n = 28) were invited, and 20 (13 men and seven women) accepted the invitation consisting of 13 athletes with visual impairment, four with cerebral palsy, and three with limb deficiency. The dietary intake was recorded by photographic register on four consecutive days, and diet quality was determined using a revised version of the Healthy Eating Index for the Brazilian population. Physical activity was assessed using an accelerometer, and metabolic unit information was used to classify exercise intensity. Variance Analysis Model and Bonferroni multiple comparisons were used to assess relationships between variables. The correlations between variables used Pearson linear correlation coefficient. The results show that revised version of the Healthy Eating Index score was classified as "needs to be modified" for all athletes. The maximum score for the components "Whole fruits," "Total vegetables," and "Dark green and orange vegetables and legumes" was achieved by 23.1% and 14.3%, 7.7% and 14.3%, and 46.2% and 57.8% of male and female athletes, respectively. Only 38.5% of the male athletes achieved the maximum score for the "Total cereal" component. Female athletes achieved higher scores than male athletes for the "Milk and dairy products" component (p = .03). Intake of whole grain cereals, dairy products, vegetables, and whole fruits needs modifications to improve adequate intake of vitamins and antioxidants, highlighting the need of continuous actions of nutrition education for this population.
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Lexell J, Lovén G, Fagher K. Incidence of sports-related concussion in elite para athletes - a 52-week prospective study. Brain Inj 2021; 35:971-977. [PMID: 34185611 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1942551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the 52-week incidence proportion and incidence rate of sports-related concussion (SRC) among elite Para athletes, and to analyze the injury mechanisms.Method: In total, 70 male and 37 female Swedish elite Para athletes (median age 29 years) with vision, physical and intellectual impairment, weekly self-reported sports-related injuries including concussion in an eHealth application adapted to Para athletes. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the incidence rate and incidence proportion. Chi-square statistics were used to analyze differences in the proportion of SRC.Results: A total of 13 SRC were reported: three athletes each sustained two SRC. The incidence proportion was 9.3% (95% CI 4.8-16.7), and the incidence rate 0.5 SRC/1000 hours (95% CI 0.3-0.9) of sports exposure. Athletes with vision impairment and female athletes reported a significantly higher proportion of SRC. A majority of the injuries (n = 9; 69%) occurred during sport-specific training. The injury mechanisms were collision with object (n = 7; 54%), collision with person (n = 4; 31%), and poor playing field conditions (n = 2; 16%).Conclusion: The incidence of concussion among elite Paralympic athletes is comparable to sports for able-bodied athletes. Athletes with vision impairment and female athletes reported a significantly higher incidence of SRC, and collisions were the most common injury mechanism. These results can form the basis for future preventive research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gustav Lovén
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Gomes Costa RR, Dorneles JR, Lopes GH, Gorla JI, Ribeiro Neto F. Medicine Ball Throw Responsiveness to Measure Wheelchair Basketball Mobility in Male Players. J Sport Rehabil 2021;:1-3. [PMID: 33883302 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Monitoring training loads and consequent fatigue responses are usually a result of personal trainers' experiences and an adaptation of methods used in sports for people without disabilities. Currently, there is little scientific evidence on the relationship between training load and fatigue resulting from training sessions in wheelchair sports. Analogous to the vertical jump, which has been associated with competitive performance and used to assess fatigue in Olympic sports, the medicine ball throw (MBT) is a fast, feasible, and accessible test that might be used to measure performance outcomes in Paralympic athletes. OBJECTIVE To test the MBT responsiveness to detect meaningful changes after training sessions in beginner wheelchair basketball players (WBP). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Paralympic Program. PARTICIPANTS Twelve male WBP. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES The participants performed 3 consecutive days of training sessions involving exercises of wheelchair basketball skills, strength, and power. The MBT test was performed pre and post training sessions. RESULTS The smallest worthwhile change for MBT was 0.10 cm, and the lower and upper limits were 3.54 and 3.75 m, respectively. On the first day, the MBT started below the smallest worthwhile change lower limit and increased above the upper limit (3.53 and 3.78 m, respectively). On the second day, the MBT pretraining and posttraining session results were near the sample mean (3.62 and 3.59 m, respectively). On the third day, the WBP started the MBT test training higher than the upper limit (3.78 m) and decreased to near the mean (3.58 m). CONCLUSIONS During 3 consecutive days of training sessions, the magnitude-based inference model presented meaningful changes in MBT test performance. The accurate association of the magnitude-based inference model with the MBT allows coaches and sports team staff to interpret the correct magnitude of change in WBP performance.
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Tabacof L, Dewil S, Herrera JE, Cortes M, Putrino D. Adaptive Esports for People With Spinal Cord Injury: New Frontiers for Inclusion in Mainstream Sports Performance. Front Psychol 2021; 12:612350. [PMID: 33935866 PMCID: PMC8082019 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: People with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are at risk of feeling socially disconnected. Competitive esports present an opportunity for people with SCI to remotely engage in a community. The aim of this study is to discuss barriers to esports participation for people with SCI, present adaptive solutions to these problems, and analyze self-reported changes in social connection. Materials and Methods: We presented a descriptive data collected in the process of a quality improvement initiative at Mount Sinai Hospital. In 2019, seven individuals with cervical SCI and quadriplegia participated in a special interest group on esports. Group scores were then analyzed for evidence of between subjects variability using a single sample t-test. A Pearson's correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between social connectedness and demographic data. Results: All players experienced functional limitations as a result of their injury but managed to design personalized gaming setups with adaptive equipment that allowed them to successfully compete in esports. All players reported a positive change in perceived social connectedness (p < 0.001) after participating in the special interest group. Score on Social Connectedness Scale negatively correlated with Time since injury (years). Discussion: It is feasible to create adaptive gaming setups that can be used by people with differing degrees and severity of SCI in a competitive esports environment. Technology and adaptive competitive esports have a potential to improve social connectedness and inclusion in people with quadriplegia. Further research on efficacy and effectiveness of these inclusive environments and their effects on quality of life, activity, and participation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tabacof
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sophie Dewil
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Joseph E Herrera
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mar Cortes
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Putrino
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Daly C, Moore CL, Johannes S, Middleton J, Kenyon LK. Pilot Evaluation of a School-Based Programme Focused on Activity, Fitness, and Function among Children with Cerebral Palsy at GMFCS Level IV: Single-Subject Research Design. Physiother Can 2020; 72:195-204. [PMID: 32494103 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2018-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) who function at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Level IV have difficulty achieving sufficient levels of physical activity to promote fitness. The purpose of this pilot evaluation was to investigate the practicability and impact of a school-based supported physical activity programme, using adaptive bicycles, on cardiorespiratory fitness and gross motor function among children with CP at GMFCS Level IV. Method: We used a single-subject, A-B-A-B research design replicated across three participants aged 8-14 years with CP at GMFCS Level IV who attended three different schools. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed weekly during all study phases using the energy expenditure index (EEI). Gross motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) and goal attainment scaling (GAS). During the intervention phases, an adaptive bicycle-riding programme was carried out daily at school for up to 30 minutes. Results: One participant demonstrated significant improvement on the EEI. All participants demonstrated improvement in gross motor function as determined by the GMFM-66 and GAS. Insights were garnered pertaining to the design for large-scale future studies. Conclusions: This pilot evaluation supports further investigation of school-based adaptive bicycle-riding programmes for children who have CP at GMFCS Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Daly
- Witwer Children's Therapy, St. Luke's Unity Point Hospital
| | - Connie L Moore
- Physical Therapy Department, Grant Wood Area Education Agency, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
| | - Suzanne Johannes
- Physical Therapy Department, Grant Wood Area Education Agency, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
| | | | - Lisa K Kenyon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Valley, Mich
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Fagher K, Jacobsson J, Dahlström Ö, Timpka T, Lexell J. An eHealth Application of Self-Reported Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport: Pilot Feasibility and Usability Study. JMIR Hum Factors 2017; 4:e30. [PMID: 29187343 PMCID: PMC5729228 DOI: 10.2196/humanfactors.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sport participation is associated with a risk of sports-related injuries and illnesses, and Paralympic athletes’ additional medical issues can be a challenge to health care providers and medical staff. However, few prospective studies have assessed sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport (SRIIPS) over time. Advances in mobile phone technology and networking systems offer novel opportunities to develop innovative eHealth applications for collection of athletes’ self-reports. Using eHealth applications for collection of self-reported SRIIPS is an unexplored area, and before initiation of full-scale research of SRIIPS, the feasibility and usability of such an approach needs to be ascertained. Objective The aim of this study was to perform a 4-week pilot study and (1) evaluate the monitoring feasibility and system usability of a novel eHealth application for self-reported SRIIPS and (2) report preliminary data on SRIIPS. Methods An eHealth application for routine collection of data from athletes was developed and adapted to Paralympic athletes. A 4-week pilot study was performed where Paralympic athletes (n=28) were asked to weekly self-report sport exposure, training load, general well-being, pain, sleep, anxiety, and possible SRIIPS. The data collection was followed by a poststudy use assessment survey. Quantitative data related to the system use (eg, completed self-reports, missing responses, and errors) were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The qualitative feasibility and usability data provided by the athletes were condensed and categorized using thematic analysis methods. Results The weekly response rate was 95%. The athletes were of the opinion that the eHealth application was usable and feasible but stated that it was not fully adapted to Paralympic athletes and their impairments. For example, it was difficult to understand how a new injury or illness should be identified when the impairment was involved. More survey items related to the impairments were requested, as the athletes perceived that injuries and illnesses often occurred because of the impairment. Options for description of multifactorial incidents including an injury, an illness, and the impairment were also insufficient. Few technical issues were encountered, but athletes with visual impairment reported usability difficulties with the speech synthesizer. An incidence rate of 1.8 injuries and 1.7 illnesses per 100 hours of athlete exposure were recorded. The weekly pain prevalence was 56% and the impairment contributed to 20% of the reported incidents. Conclusions The novel eHealth-based application for self-reported SRIIPS developed and tested in this pilot study was generally feasible and usable. With some adaptation to accommodate Paralympic athletes’ prerequisites and improved technical support for athletes with visual impairment, this application can be recommended for use in prospective studies of SRIIPS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02788500; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02788500 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6v56OqTeP)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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