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Araujo RHO, Werneck AO, Martins CL, Barboza LL, Tassitano RM, Aguilar-Farias N, Jesus GM, Ramírez-Vélez R, Tesler R, Oyeyemi AL, Silva ECM, Weaver RG, Tremblay MS, Brazo-Sayavera J, Mielke GI, Silva DRP. Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week: An analysis with 707,616 adolescents. J Sport Health Sci 2023:S2095-2546(23)00109-6. [PMID: 37923057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of 60 min per day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). However, using only this cut-off could hide important information. For instance, from a population-level point of view, increasing physical activity for those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benefits than increasing physical activity for those with intermediate levels. Also, including a more sensitive cut-point of ≥1 day per week could be an additional strategy for identifying those with low access/opportunities for physical activity practice. Thus, the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week among adolescents globally, and to describe any relevant gender inequalities. METHODS We used representative datasets from 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and 2019. MVPA was self-reported. Participants were grouped into younger (≤14 years old) and older (>14 years old) adolescents. Crude Poisson regression models were used to identify the relative differences in ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week between boys and girls, and random-effects meta-analysis models were used to identify the pooled estimates. Analyses were stratified by country and region. RESULTS Approximately 80% of both younger and older adolescents reported ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week. This prevalence was ≥94% in Europe and Central Asia and North America, while the estimates for the other regions were <77%. The prevalence of ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls, with the largest differences occurring among the oldest adolescents (PR≤14y: 1.04 (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.03‒1.04) vs. PR>14y: 1.09 (95%CI: 1.08‒1.10)). CONCLUSION Approximately 8 out of 10 adolescents reported accumulating ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 day per week, with notable differences between regions. Gender differences were observed in several countries, especially among the oldest adolescents. Priorities for physical activity promotion among adolescents should include increasing access/opportunities for physical activity among those who do not achieve ≥60 min of MVPA ≥1 days per week and reducing gender inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael H O Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP) 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Clarice L Martins
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil; Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), University of Porto, Porto 4500, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Tassitano
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801-3841, USA
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4680000, Chile
| | - Gilmar M Jesus
- Department of Health, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona 31006, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Tuluá, Valle del Cauca 763022, Colombia
| | - Riki Tesler
- Health Management Department, Faculty of Heath sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, 40700 Israel
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Ellen C M Silva
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Robert G Weaver
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville 41013, Spain; Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Grégore I Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4006, Australia
| | - Danilo R P Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão 490100-000, Brazil; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
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Festa RR, Jofré-Saldía E, Candia AA, Monsalves-Álvarez M, Flores-Opazo M, Peñailillo L, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Aguilar-Farias N, Fritz-Silva N, Cancino-Lopez J, Soto-Sánchez J, Sepulveda C, Huerta Ojeda Á, Núñez-Espinosa C, Valladares-Ide D, Jannas-Vela S. Next steps to advance general physical activity recommendations towards physical exercise prescription: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001749. [PMID: 37920278 PMCID: PMC10619125 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a major health concern, associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases and with an increased mortality rate. Therefore, promoting active lifestyles has become a crucial public health necessity for enhancing overall health and quality of life. The WHO guidelines for physical activity (PA) present valuable contributions in this respect; however, we believe that greater specificity should be added or complemented towards physical exercise (PE) testing, prescription and programming in future recommendations. In this review article, we suggest simple and practical tools accessible to the entire population to improve the specificity of this approach, highlighting aspects of PE programming used by trained subjects. By adopting these suggestions, exercise professionals, clinicians and physical trainers can optimise the current general PA recommendations towards PE prescription to improve fitness status and encourage PE adherence in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilio Jofré-Saldía
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro A Candia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Álvarez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Luis Peñailillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicole Fritz-Silva
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
- Health Department, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Cancino-Lopez
- Exercise Physiology and Metabolism Laboratory, Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Johana Soto-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Actividad Física, Ejercicio y Salud, Centro de Biomedicina Aplicada, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepulveda
- Laboratory of Exercise Science, Innovation Center, Clinica MEDS, Las Condes, Chile
- Laboratory of Research in Nutrition and Physical Activity, Institute of Nutrition and Technology of Food, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Álvaro Huerta Ojeda
- Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte ISAFYD, Universidad de Las Americas, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Cristian Núñez-Espinosa
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Centro Asistencial Docente y de Investigación, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Denisse Valladares-Ide
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian Jannas-Vela
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging RED21993, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Cristi-Montero C, Martínez-Flores R, Porras F, Sadarangani KP, Ferrari G, Aguilar-Farias N, Silva ICM, Reyes-Amigo T, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F. A comparative study between traditional and sports school uniforms on cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and waist-height-to-ratio in adolescents. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1213403. [PMID: 37457263 PMCID: PMC10349179 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1213403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Improving health of children and adolescents is crucial for their overall development. Therefore, it is essential to explore factors that may influence their health at both the public health and school system levels. Objective This study compares physical fitness components and waist-height-to-ratio (WHtR) in adolescents according to school uniforms, namely the traditional uniform (i.e., shirt and school necktie in boys and skirt and blouse in girls) and the sports uniform (i.e., polo shirts or t-shirts and sport or short trousers). Additionally, it seeks to investigate potential differences in these measures based on sex and school type (i.e., public, subsidized, and private). Methods This cross-sectional study used data from the Chilean national learning outcome assessment system (SIMCE)-2014 and involved 8,030 adolescents. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) were measured. WHtR was assessed as a health cardiovascular indicator. Mixed models and ANCOVA were performed to compare uniform types, adjusting for multiple covariates. value of p and effect size (ES) was used to establish significant results. Results Overall, sports uniforms (SU) were linked to higher CRF (p < 0.001) than the traditional uniform (TU). Boys from private schools wearing SU presented higher CRF (p = 0.016; ES = 0.37), and a positive trend was observed for MF (p = 0.645; ES = 0.21). In subsidized, a trend was found in CRF (p = 0.005; ES = 0.16). Girls wearing SU from private schools showed a positive trend in CRF (p = 0.167; ES = 0.28). Trends in WHtR were found in both sexes from private (p = 0.555; ES = 0.24; p = 0.444; ES = 0.25, respectively). Conclusion Wearing SU seems a promissory alternative to promote healthy physical fitness and body composition at the educational level. However, the relationship between higher physical activity and CRF, MF, and lower WHtR due to SU must be verified. Finally, when deciding to implement this measure, special attention must be paid to boys from public schools and girls from all types of schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Martínez-Flores
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Porras
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Inacio Crochemore M. Silva
- Escola Superiorde Educação Física, Programa de Pós Graduação emEducação Física, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tomas Reyes-Amigo
- Observatório de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Departamemto de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaiso, Chile
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Henríquez M, Ramirez-Campillo R, Cristi-Montero C, Reina R, Alvarez C, Ferrari G, Aguilar-Farias N, Sadarangani KP. Alarming low physical activity levels in Chilean adults with disabilities during COVID-19 pandemic: a representative national survey analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1090050. [PMID: 37333554 PMCID: PMC10272572 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1090050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background People with disabilities usually face barriers to regularly engaging in physical activities. Estimating physical activity patterns are necessary to elaborate policies and strategies to facilitate active lifestyles, considering the particular access difficulties experienced by this population. Purpose This study aimed (i) to describe the prevalence of physical activity levels and (ii) to examine the associations of physical activity levels with socio-demographic variables and type of disability in the 2020 Chilean National Physical Activity and Sports Habits in Populations with Disabilities (CNPASHPwD) survey during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Cross-sectional data from 3,150 adults (18-99 years old), 59.8% female, were analyzed from November to December 2020. Self-reported age, gender, type of disability (i.e., physical, visual, hearing, intellectual, or mixed), socio-economic status, area and zone of residence, and physical activity levels (0 min/week, < 150 min/week, ≥ 150 min/week) were obtained. Results 11.9% of the participants were classified as active (≥ 150 min/week), and 62.6% declared no involvement in physical activity. A larger proportion of females (61.7%) did not meet the current guidelines (≥ 150 min/week of physical activity) in comparison with males (p < 0.001). Participants with visual and hearing disabilities were more likely to be active than those with other types of disabilities. Those living in the central and southern regions of Chile were more likely to be physically active than those from the northern region. Also, older participants, women, and those from lower socio-economic statuses were less likely to meet the physical activity guidelines. Conclusion Alarmingly, nine out of ten participants were categorized as physically inactive, particularly women, older adults, and those with a low socioeconomic status. If the pandemic context moderated, the considerable prevalence of reduced physical activity levels deserves future exploration. Health promotion initiatives should consider these aspects, emphasizing inclusive environments and increasing opportunities to favor healthy behaviors, countering the COVID-19 effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Henríquez
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Raul Reina
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Spain
| | - Cristián Alvarez
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health and Dentistry, School of Kinesiology, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
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5
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Werneck AO, Araujo RHO, Anza-Ramírez C, Brazo-Sayavera J, García-Witulski C, Aguilar-Farias N, Baldew SS, Sadarangani KP, Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Ferrari G, Cañete F, Nieto-Martinez R, Silva DR. Physical Activity and Sitting Time Patterns and Sociodemographic Correlates Among 155,790 South American Adults. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37160287 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. METHODS Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18-64 y), were used. Data on leisure-time, transport, and occupational PA (all 3 domains as nonzero), total PA (≥150 min/wk), and ST (≥8 h/d) were assessed by specific questionnaires in each survey. Gender, age group (18-34, 35-49, and 50-64 y), and education (quintiles) were used as sociodemographic factors. Random effect meta-analysis of the association between sociodemographic factors and PA and ST were conducted. RESULTS The prevalence of PA guidelines compliance and elevated ST in South America was 70.3% and 14.1%, respectively. Women were less likely to achieve the recommended levels of total and domain-based PA. Participants in the highest quintile of education were more likely for elevated ST (2.80, 2.08-3.77), lower occupational PA (0.65, 0.44-0.95), but higher leisure-time PA (3.13, 2.31-4.27), in comparison with lowest quintile. Older adults were less likely to participate in total and leisure-time PA. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the urge to tackle the inequalities in PA practice in South America, especially gender and education inequalities, for leisure-time PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP,Brazil
| | - Raphael H O Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR,Brazil
| | - Cecilia Anza-Ramírez
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima,Peru
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera,Uruguay
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville,Spain
| | - Christian García-Witulski
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires,Argentina
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil,Ecuador
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco,Chile
| | - Se-Sergio Baldew
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo,Suriname
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago,Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago,Chile
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Tuluá,Colombia
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona,Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona,Spain
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago,Chile
| | - Felicia Cañete
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Cátedra de Salud Pública y Administración Hospitalaria, San Lorenzo,Paraguay
| | - Ramfis Nieto-Martinez
- Department of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA,USA
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas,Venezuela
- Precision Care Clinic Corp., Saint Cloud, FL,USA
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO), Seville,Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe-UFS, São Cristóvão, SE,Brazil
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Melo G, Aguilar-Farias N, López Barrera E, Chomalí L, Moz-Christofoletti MA, Salgado JC, Swensson LJ, Caro JC. Structural responses to the obesity epidemic in Latin America: what are the next steps for food and physical activity policies? Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 21:100486. [PMID: 37096192 PMCID: PMC10122054 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is among the most complex public health challenges, particularly in Latin America, where obesity rates have increased faster than in any other region. Many countries have proposed or enacted comprehensive policies to promote adequate diet and physical activity under a structural framework. We summarize articles discussing the scope and impact of recently implemented obesity-related interventions in the light of a structural response framework. Overall, we find that: (1) market-based food interventions, including taxes on junk food, nutrition labelling, and marketing restrictions, decrease the consumption of targeted foods, (2) programs directly providing healthy foods are effective in reducing obesity, and (3) the construction of public areas for recreation increases the average frequency of physical activity. Although obesity-related interventions in the region have somewhat improved health behaviours, obesity prevalence remains on an upward trend. We discuss some opportunities to continue tackling the obesity epidemic in LATAM under a structural framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Melo
- Accountability, Climate, Equity, and Scholarship (ACES), Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de la Frontera, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Juan Carlos Salgado
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health and National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico
| | - Luana Joppert Swensson
- Policy and Legal Specialist for Sustainable Public Procurement, Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Caro
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Concepción, Chile
- Corresponding author. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Concepción, Chile, Edmundo Larenas 219, Concepción, Chile.
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Ng K, Sit C, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Aubert S, Stanish H, Hutzler Y, Santos Silva DA, Kang MG, López-Gil JF, Lee EY, Asunta P, Pozeriene J, Urbański PK, Aguilar-Farias N, Reilly JJ. Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36963407 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2022-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This is an overview of the results from 14 countries or jurisdictions in a Global Matrix of Para Report Cards on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents with disabilities. The methodology was based on the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance's Global Matrix 4.0. Data were aligned with 10 indicators (Overall PA, Organized Sport, Active Play, Active Transport, Physical Fitness, Sedentary Behavior, Family & Peers, Schools, Community & Environment, and Government) to produce Para Report Cards. Subsequently, there were 139 grades; 45% were incomplete, particularly for Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Family & Peers. Collectively, Overall PA was graded the lowest (F), with Schools and Government the highest (C). Disability-specific surveillance and research gaps in PA were apparent in 14 countries or jurisdictions around the world. More coverage of PA data in Para Report Cards is needed to serve as an advocacy tool to promote PA among children and adolescents with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick,Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma,Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Cindy Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,China
| | | | - Salomé Aubert
- Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | - Heidi Stanish
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA,USA
| | | | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC,Brazil
| | - Mary-Grace Kang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Allied Medical Professions, University of the Philippines, Manila,Philippines
| | | | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology & Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON,Canada
| | - Piritta Asunta
- School of Health and Social Studies, LIKES, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Jyväskylä,Finland
| | - Jurate Pozeriene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas,Lithuania
| | | | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco,Chile
| | - John J Reilly
- School of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,Scotland
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8
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Kariippanon KE, Aguilar-Farias N, El Hamdouchi A, Hongyan G, Lubree H, Okely AD, Tremblay MS, Draper CE. The voices of children on movement behaviours: implications for promoting international guidelines to support obesity-prevention efforts. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11 Suppl 1:S17. [PMID: 36866474 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a key factor for the prevention of childhood obesity, WHO recommends a specific balance of movement behaviours (ie, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep) across the 24-h day for children younger than 5 years. Substantial evidence underpins our understanding of the benefits for healthy growth and development; however, little is known about young children's experiences and perceptions, and whether context-specific factors that might influence movement behaviours differ across the globe. METHODS Acknowledging children's agency as knowledgeable informants on matters affecting their lives, children aged 3-5 years from communities and preschools in urban and rural Australia, Chile, China, India, Morocco, and South Africa, were interviewed. Discussions were based on a socioecological framework of the multifactorial, complex influences on young children's movement behaviours. Prompts were adapted to ensure relevance across diverse study sites. Ethics approval and guardian consent were obtained, and the Framework Method used for analysis. FINDINGS 156 children (101 [65%] from urban areas, 55 [45%] from rural areas; 73 [47%] female, 83 [53%] male) shared their experiences, perceptions, and preferences related to movement behaviours and the barriers and enablers of outdoor play. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and to a lesser degree screen time occurred predominantly through play. Barriers to outdoor play included weather, air quality, and safety concerns. Sleep routines varied considerably and were influenced by room or bed sharing. Screen use was ubiquitous, presenting a challenge to meeting recommendations. The effect of daily structure, degree of autonomy, and interactions were consistent themes, and differences in how these factors influenced movement behaviours across study sites were evident. INTERPRETATION The findings highlight that although movement behaviour guidelines are universal, contextual realities need to be considered in how socialisation and promotion of the guidelines are enacted. How young children's sociocultural and physical environments are constructed and influenced can foster or disrupt healthy movement behaviours, which might have implications for childhood obesity. FUNDING Beijing High Level Talents Cultivation Project for Public Health Academic Leader; Beijing Medical Research Institute (Public service development and reform pilot project); British Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences; KEM Hospital Research Centre; Ministry of Education and Universidad de La Frontera (Innovation in Higher Education Program); and National Health and Medical Research Council (Investigator Grant Leadership Fellow, Level 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina E Kariippanon
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN (Université Ibn Tofail), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Guan Hongyan
- Nurturing Care Research Center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Himangi Lubree
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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9
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Jáuregui A, Salvo D, Aguilar-Farias N, Okely A. Movement behaviors during COVID-19 among Latin American/Latino toddlers and pre-schoolers in Chile, Mexico and the US. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19156. [PMID: 36351990 PMCID: PMC9646275 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. We report changes in and factors that influenced movement behaviors during COVID-19 among Latin American/Latino children aged 1 to 5 years in Chile, Mexico, and the USA. We conducted a cross-sectional study between April and August 2020. Caregivers of 4,136 children (mean age [SD], 3.1 [1.4] years; 51% boys) reported family and household characteristics and changes in their child's movement behaviors. The proportion of children who met the WHO Guidelines decreased significantly in all countries, with the largest declines in meeting the physical activity and screen time guidelines. Factors associated with negative changes in movement behaviors were being an older child, unable to attend an early childhood education and care service, higher parental education levels, not having the opportunity to play with someone, and not having access to spaces to play. The findings highlight the need to minimize disparities faced by families by providing access to early childhood education and care and safe places for children to play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Jáuregui
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Deborah Salvo
- grid.89336.370000 0004 1936 9924Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002 Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- grid.412163.30000 0001 2287 9552Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile ,grid.412163.30000 0001 2287 9552UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Anthony Okely
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XEarly Start and School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, Australia
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Cristi-Montero C, Solis-Urra P, Sanchez-Martinez J, Olivares-Arancibia J, Hernández-Jaña S, Gajardo-Araya G, Palma-Leal X, Sadarangani KP, Portela Estinto M, Encina Y, Alvarez C, Delgado-Floody P, Aguilar-Farias N, Ferrari G, Mahecha-Matsudo S, Zavala-Crichton JP, Ibarra-Mora J, Parra-Saldías M, Nanjarí-Miranda R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F. Which one? A comparative study of traditional and sports uniforms on academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents: The Cogni-Action Project. Front Public Health 2022; 10:917970. [PMID: 36033774 PMCID: PMC9411804 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.917970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods A total of 988 Chilean adolescents (52.6% boys) aged 10-14 years participated in this cross-sectional study. Academic achievement was evaluated by the average grade in maths, language, and science grades, while cognitive performance was assessed through eight cognitive tasks. TUs affecting physical activity, playtime, bullying, and discrimination were queried. Mixed model analyses were performed. Results No differences were observed in academic achievement (TU: 5.4 ± 0.1 vs. SU: 5.5 ± 0.2, p = 0.785) or in cognitive performance (TU: 99.6 ± 0.8 vs. SU: 98.9 ± 1.8, p= 0.754) according to the school uniformtype. Moreover, 64.1 % of participants declared that wearing TU affects their physical activity (traditional uniforms: + 8 min and sports uniforms: + 20 min), and those who believed so spent more time playing than those who answered negatively (14.5 min, p = 0.012). Finally, adolescents wearing SU displayed a lower feeling of bullying and discrimination; this finding depended mainly on the school's vulnerability. Conclusion It is concluded that wearing TU does not show an educational advantage at an academic and cognitive level that justifies its obligation. In addition, it could be suggested that schools consider adolescents' opinions in adopting a more comfortable uniform, such as the SU. This feasible and low-cost measure would help to increase adolescents' physical activity during the school day, and, contrary to belief, it would not be related to increased feelings of bullying and discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Nuclear Medicine Services, “Virgen de Las Nieves” University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jorge Olivares-Arancibia
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sam Hernández-Jaña
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Guillermo Gajardo-Araya
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Magíster en Educación, Mención Política y Gestión Educativa, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ximena Palma-Leal
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Providencia, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Portela Estinto
- Division of Healthy Public Policies and Promotion, Department of Health Promotion and Citizen Participation, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yonatan Encina
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Physical Therapy, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Mahecha-Matsudo
- Center of Studies on Physical Activity, Exercise and Health, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Academic Unit, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jessica Ibarra-Mora
- Dpto. de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rodrigo Nanjarí-Miranda
- Grupo AFySE, Investigación en Actividad Física y Salud Escolar, Escuela de Pedagogía en Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Werneck AO, Araujo RHO, Aguilar-Farias N, Ferrari G, Brazo-Sayavera J, García-Witulski C, Dourado VZ, Barboza LL, Silva ECM, Sadarangani KP, Nieto-Martinez R, García-Hermoso A, Ramírez-Vélez R, Silva DR. Time trends and inequalities of physical activity domains and sitting time in South America. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04027. [PMID: 35392582 PMCID: PMC8974534 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate time trends and inequalities of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST) in adults from South American countries. Methods We included cross-sectional data of nationally representative surveys on adults (n = 597 843) from nine South American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela), with data collection time frames ranging from 2005 to 2020. Data on different PA domains (leisure-time, transport, and occupational) and ST were assessed through questionnaires. Trends according to education level (quintiles), gender (m/w), and age group (18-34 years, 35-49 years, 50-64 years) were estimated for the harmonized indicators of nonzero PA in the different domains, ≥150 min/week of total PA and ≥8 hours/d of ST. Results Chile (2009/2010 = 78.9% vs 2016/2017 = 70.5%), and Peru (2009/2010 = 78.6% vs 2011 = 69.6%) reduced total PA, while Brazil (2013 = 57.3% vs 2019 = 67.0%) and Uruguay (2006 = 69.4% vs 2013 = 79.4%) increased, and Argentina and Venezuela maintained. There was an increasing trend for ST in Argentina, Peru, and Uruguay. Leisure-time PA increased in most countries (6/8 countries). Transport PA was relatively stable, while occupational PA presented mixed findings. Education inequalities increased over time for total and leisure-time PA, while age and gender inequalities were relatively constant. Conclusions Future South American countries' efforts may be warranted to promote PA and reduce ST in adults, while addressing inequalities when implementing actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- Center for Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Raphael HO Araujo
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Brazo-Sayavera
- Department of Sports and Computer Science, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- PDU EFISAL, Centro Universitario Regional Noreste, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | - Christian García-Witulski
- Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Espíritu Santo, Ecuador
| | - Victor Z Dourado
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement (EPIMOV), Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana L Barboza
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ellen CM Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Londrina State University, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Ramfis Nieto-Martinez
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Foundation for Clinic, Public Health, and Epidemiology Research of Venezuela (FISPEVEN INC), Caracas, Venezuela
- LifeDoc Health, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danilo R Silva
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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12
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Okely T, Reilly JJ, Tremblay MS, Kariippanon KE, Draper CE, El Hamdouchi A, Florindo AA, Green JP, Guan H, Katzmarzyk PT, Lubree H, Pham BN, Suesse T, Willumsen J, Basheer M, Calleia R, Chong KH, Cross PL, Nacher M, Smeets L, Taylor E, Abdeta C, Aguilar-Farias N, Baig A, Bayasgalan J, Chan CHS, Chathurangana PWP, Chia M, Ghofranipour F, Ha AS, Hossain MS, Janssen X, Jáuregui A, Katewongsa P, Kim DH, Kim TV, Koh D, Kontsevaya A, Leyna GH, Löf M, Munambah N, Mwase-Vuma T, Nusurupia J, Oluwayomi A, Del Pozo-Cruz B, Del Pozo-Cruz J, Roos E, Shirazi A, Singh P, Staiano A, Suherman A, Tanaka C, Tang HK, Teo WP, Tiongco MM, Tladi D, Turab A, Veldman SLC, Webster EK, Wickramasinghe P, Widyastari DA. Cross-sectional examination of 24-hour movement behaviours among 3- and 4-year-old children in urban and rural settings in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries: the SUNRISE study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e049267. [PMID: 34697112 PMCID: PMC8547512 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) during the early years are associated with health and developmental outcomes, prompting the WHO to develop Global guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Prevalence data on 24-hour movement behaviours is lacking, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper describes the development of the SUNRISE International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years protocol, designed to address this gap. METHODS AND ANALYSIS SUNRISE is the first international cross-sectional study that aims to determine the proportion of 3- and 4-year-old children who meet the WHO Global guidelines. The study will assess if proportions differ by gender, urban/rural location and/or socioeconomic status. Executive function, motor skills and adiposity will be assessed and potential correlates of 24-hour movement behaviours examined. Pilot research from 24 countries (14 LMICs) informed the study design and protocol. Data are collected locally by research staff from partnering institutions who are trained throughout the research process. Piloting of all measures to determine protocol acceptability and feasibility was interrupted by COVID-19 but is nearing completion. At the time of publication 41 countries are participating in the SUNRISE study. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The SUNRISE protocol has received ethics approved from the University of Wollongong, Australia, and in each country by the applicable ethics committees. Approval is also sought from any relevant government departments or organisations. The results will inform global efforts to prevent childhood obesity and ensure young children reach their health and developmental potential. Findings on the correlates of movement behaviours can guide future interventions to improve the movement behaviours in culturally specific ways. Study findings will be disseminated via publications, conference presentations and may contribute to the development of local guidelines and public health interventions.
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Grants
- 001 World Health Organization
- D43 TW010137 FIC NIH HHS
- U54 GM104940 NIGMS NIH HHS
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Frederick Banting and Charles Best Canada Graduate Scholarship
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Vietnam
- Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Australia
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Planning and Dissemination Grant
- The DST-NRF Centre for Excellence in Human Development at the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Australia
- Harry Crossley Foundation, South Africa
- Sasakawa Sports Research Grant, Sasakawa Sports Foundation, Japan
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases
- The University Research Coordination Office of the De La Salle University, Philippines
- Civilian Research Development Foundation (CRDF) Global
- Department of National Planning and Monitoring, PNG Government
- Stella de Silva Research grant from Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- The International Society of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, Pioneers Program
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Universidad de La Frontera Research Directorate, Chile
- Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the National Institutes of Health
- Beijing Health System High Level Talents Training Project, China
- Geran Universiti Penyelidikan (GUP), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- American Council on Exercise, USA
- National Institute of Education-Ministry of Education, Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Okely
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katharina E Kariippanon
- Early Start, School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine E Draper
- MRC-Wits DPHRU, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alex A Florindo
- Universidade de Sao Paulo Escola de Artes Ciencias e Humanidades, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janette P Green
- Faculty of Business and Law, Australian Health Services Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hongyan Guan
- Department of Early Childhood Development, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | | | - Himangi Lubree
- Vadu Rural Health Program, KEM Hospital Pune Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Bang Nguyen Pham
- Population Health and Demography Unit, PNG Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Papua New Guinea
| | - Thomas Suesse
- National Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia, School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juana Willumsen
- Department for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, WHO, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed Basheer
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Calleia
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Penny L Cross
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maria Nacher
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laura Smeets
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ellie Taylor
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aqsa Baig
- Precision Health Consultants (PHC Global), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jambaldori Bayasgalan
- National Centre for Public Health, Mongolia Ministry of Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Cecilia H S Chan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Michael Chia
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Xanne Janssen
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Piyawat Katewongsa
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Dong Hoon Kim
- Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Van Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Denise Koh
- Centre of Community Education and Well-being, Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Anna Kontsevaya
- National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - M Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine och Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nyaradzai Munambah
- Rehabilitation Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | | | - Aoko Oluwayomi
- Human Kinetics and Health Education, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Roos
- Folkhalsen Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asima Shirazi
- Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong, Dubai, UAE
| | - Pragya Singh
- School of Public Health and Primary Care, CMNHS, Fiji National University, Nasinu, Fiji
| | - Amanda Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Adang Suherman
- Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- College of Health and Welfare, J F Oberlin University, Machida, Japan
| | - Hong Kim Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Wei-Peng Teo
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | - Dawn Tladi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ali Turab
- Precision Health Consultants (PHC Global), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sanne L C Veldman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Kipling Webster
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Dyah Anantalia Widyastari
- Thailand Physical Activity Knowledge Development Centre, Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
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13
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. [El entorno construido en los programas diseñados para promover la actividad física entre las niñas, niños y jóvenes latinos que viven en Estados Unidos y América Latina]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13345. [PMID: 34708530 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Reino Unido
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU.,Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, EE. UU
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, EE. UU
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14
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Salvo D, Parra DC, Jáuregui A, Resendiz E, Garcia-Olvera A, Velazquez D, Aguilar-Farias N, Colón-Ramos U, Hino AA, Bill Kohl HW, Pratt M, Varela AR, Ramirez-Zea M, Rivera JA. [Capacidad de investigación en obesidad infantil en Latinoamérica y en las poblaciones latinas de Estados Unidos: estado de la investigación, problemas, oportunidades y líneas de trabajo para el futuro]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13346. [PMID: 34708537 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Eugen Resendiz
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Armando Garcia-Olvera
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Daniel Velazquez
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Grupo de investigación UFRO Actívate, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C., EE. UU
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologia em Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Harold W Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, Texas, EE. UU
| | - Michael Pratt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California, EE. UU
| | | | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- Centro de Investigación del INCAP para la Prevención de las Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
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15
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Hernández-Jaña S, Sanchez-Martinez J, Solis-Urra P, Esteban-Cornejo I, Castro-Piñero J, Sadarangani KP, Aguilar-Farias N, Ferrari G, Cristi-Montero C. Mediation Role of Physical Fitness and Its Components on the Association Between Distribution-Related Fat Indicators and Adolescents' Cognitive Performance: Exploring the Influence of School Vulnerability. The Cogni-Action Project. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:746197. [PMID: 34566598 PMCID: PMC8456005 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.746197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Physical fitness and fatness converge simultaneously modulating cognitive skills, which in turn, are associated with children and adolescents’ socioeconomic background. However, both fitness components and fat mass localization are crucial for understanding its implication at the cognitive level. Objective: This study aimed to determine the mediation role of a global physical fitness score and its components on the association between different fatness indicators related to fat distribution and adolescents’ cognitive performance, and simultaneously explore the influence of school vulnerability. Methods: In this study, 1,196 Chilean adolescents participated (aged 10–14; 50.7% boys). Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and speed-agility fitness (SAF) were evaluated, and a global fitness score (GFS) was computed adjusted for age and sex (CRF + MF + SAF z-scores). Body mass index z-score (BMIz), sum-of-4-skinfolds (4SKF), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used as non-specific, peripheral, and central adiposity indicators, respectively. A global cognitive score was computed based on eight tasks, and the school vulnerability index (SVI) was registered as high, mid or low. A total of 24 mediation analyses were performed according to two models, adjusted for sex and peak high velocity (Model 1), and adding the school vulnerability index (SVI) in Model 2. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The fitness mediation role was different concerning the fatness indicators related to fat distribution analyzed. Even after controlling for SVI, CRF (22%), and SAF (29%), but not MF, mediated the association between BMIz and cognitive performance. Likewise, CRF, SAF and GFS, but not MF, mediated the association between WHtR and cognitive performance (38.6%, 31.9%, and 54.8%, respectively). No mediations were observed for 4SKF. Conclusion: The negative association between fatness and cognitive performance is mitigated by the level of adolescents’ physical fitness, mainly CRF and SAF. This mediation role seems to be more consistent with a central fat indicator even in the presence of school vulnerability. Strategies promoting physical fitness would reduce the cognitive gap in children and adolescents related to obesity and school vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Hernández-Jaña
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Javier Sanchez-Martinez
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile.,Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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16
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Aguilar-Farias N, Toledo-Vargas M, Miranda-Marquez S, Cortinez-O'Ryan A, Martino-Fuentealba P, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Guarda-Saavedra P, Del Pozo Cruz B, Okely AD. Associations Between Movement Behaviors and Emotional Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:667362. [PMID: 34532302 PMCID: PMC8438402 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.667362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence about emotional and behavioral responses in toddlers and preschoolers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in Latin America. Objective: To assess associations between changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time and sleeping) and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers during early stages of the pandemic in Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from March 30th to April 27th, 2020. Main caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children living in Chile answered an online survey that included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, changes in the child's emotions and behaviors, movement behaviors and caregivers' stress during the pandemic. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association between different factors and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers. Results: In total, 1727 caregivers provided complete data on emotional changes for children aged 2.9 ± 1.36 years old, 47.9% girls. A large proportion of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile experienced emotional and behavioral changes. Most caregivers reported that children "were more affectionate" (78.9%), "more restless" (65.1%), and 'more frustrated' (54.1%) compared with pre-pandemic times. Apart from changes in movement behaviors, factors such as child age, caregivers' age and stress, and residential area (urban/rural) were consistently associated with changes in emotions and behaviors. Conclusion: The pandemic substantially affected the emotions and behaviors of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile. The findings suggest that supportive actions for caregivers may have a positive impact not only on adults but also on children. Mental health promotion programs should consider multilevel approaches in which the promotion of movement behaviors and support for caregivers should be essential pieces for future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcelo Toledo-Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda-Marquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Paula Guarda-Saavedra
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- School of Health and Society and Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Australia and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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17
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Lemes V, Gaya AR, Sadarangani KP, Aguilar-Farias N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Martins CMDL, Fochesatto C, Cristi-Montero C. Physical Fitness Plays a Crucial Mediator Role in Relationships Among Personal, Social, and Lifestyle Factors With Adolescents' Cognitive Performance in a Structural Equation Model. The Cogni-Action Project. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:656916. [PMID: 34195161 PMCID: PMC8236613 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.656916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beneficial relationship between physical fitness and cognitive performance is affected and modulated by a wide diversity of factors that seem to be more sensitive during the development stage, particularly during early adolescence. This study aimed to examine the role of physical fitness considering the multivariate association between age, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), school vulnerability index (SVI), body mass index z-score (BMIz), physical activity, and sleep problems with the cognitive performance in boys and girls. Method: Participants were 1,196 adolescents aged 10-14 years (50.7% of boys) from Chile. Three physical fitness components and eight cognitive tasks were measured. BMIz was determined using growth references by age and sex, whereas questionaries were used to assess sleep problems, physical activity, and HRQOL. SVI was established according to the score given by the Chilean Government to educational establishments. We performed a structural equation model (SEM) to test multivariate associations among study' variables by sex. Results: Fitness was positively associated with boys' and girls' cognitive performance (β = 0.23 and β = 0.17; p = 0.001, respectively). Moreover, fitness presented a significant mediator role in the relationships between BMIz, SVI, and physical activity with cognitive performance (indirect effect). Additionally, SVI showed a negative association both direct and indirect effect in all three fitness components and all cognitive tasks, being this relationship stronger in girls than in boys. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that physical fitness and all its components play a crucial mediator role in the associations between several factors associated with adolescents' cognitive performance. Thereby, educational and health strategies should prioritise improving physical fitness through physical activity. They also should address other factors such as school vulnerability, obesity, and the early gender gap in a comprehensive approach boosting cognitive performance among early adolescents. Trial registration: Research Registry (ID: researchregistry5791).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanilson Lemes
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Santa Catarina – SED-SC, EEB Gracinda Augusta Machado, Imbituba, Brazil
| | - Anelise R. Gaya
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kabir P. Sadarangani
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Chile
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud y Odontología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Clarice Maria de Lucena Martins
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure - CIAFEL, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Camila Fochesatto
- Projeto Esporte Brasil – PROESP-Br, Escola de Educação Física, Fisioterapia e Dança, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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18
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. Built environment in programs to promote physical activity among Latino children and youth living in the United States and in Latin America. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13236. [PMID: 33825294 PMCID: PMC8365655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To prevent obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America, it is necessary to understand the specific context and interplay of physical activity (PA) and the built environment (BE). This paper aims to advance the research agenda of BE and PA for obesity prevention in Latin America and among Latino youth in the United States by (1) identifying environmental indicators to inform the design of interventions and policy, (2) identifying interdisciplinary methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and (3) presenting case studies of PA-promoting BE programs. A group of U.S. and Latin American scientists collaboratively worked to propose innovative indicators of the BE, methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and review case studies of PA-promoting BE programs in both regions. The results identified gaps in knowledge, proposed environmental indicators (e.g., landscape, street design, mobility patterns, and crime and safety), reviewed methodological approaches (social network analysis, citizen science methods), and case studies illustrating PA-promoting BE programs (i.e., play streets, active school transport, and school setting interventions). The obesity prevention among Latino and Latin American youth requires advanced research on BE and PA addressing context-specific priorities and exchanging lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis Scholar Institute of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, USA
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19
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Salvo D, Parra DC, Jáuregui A, Reséndiz E, Garcia-Olvera A, Velazquez D, Aguilar-Farias N, Colón-Ramos U, Hino AA, Kohl HWB, Pratt M, Ramirez Varela A, Ramirez-Zea M, Rivera JA. Capacity for childhood obesity research in Latin American and US Latino populations: State of the field, challenges, opportunities, and future directions. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13244. [PMID: 33825321 PMCID: PMC8365746 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major problem in Latin America and among US Latinos. Effective public health policies require contextually relevant evidence to guide them, which demands sustained research capacity. The objectives of this study are to determine research productivity in Latin America and in the United States focused on Latino populations and examine domains of research capacity (research infrastructure, training programs, mentoring, funding, and networks). We conducted a scoping review of indexed childhood obesity-related articles published June 2015-December 2019. We collected data on perceptions of capacity for childhood obesity research among Latin American investigators through an online survey. We identified 612 childhood obesity-related articles (505 from Latin America, 124 from the United States, and 17 US-Latin America collaborations). Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Colombia, and the United States are the top publishing countries. There are similar numbers of obesity, nutrition, and physical activity articles, but physical activity research capacity lagged in other domains (research training, funding, and networking opportunities). Complementary research areas, including sedentary behavior, systems science, and policy studies, are uncommon in Latin America but more prevalent in the United States, whereas sleep research is nascent across settings. Realizing the promise of an effective cross-border collaborative childhood obesity prevention agenda will require committed investment in all domains of research capacity and across all relevant topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eugen Reséndiz
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Armando Garcia-Olvera
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniel Velazquez
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, UFRO Activate Research Group, University of the Frontier, Temuco, Chile
| | - Uriyoán Colón-Ramos
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adriano A Hino
- Health Technology Graduate Program, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Harold W Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Pratt
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
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20
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Balboa-Castillo T, Andrade-Mayorga O, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Morales Illanes G, Ortiz M, Schiferlli I, Aguilar-Farias N, Soto Á, Sapunar J. Pre-existing conditions in Latin America and factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19: A review. Medwave 2021; 21:e8181. [PMID: 34037583 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2021.04.8180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly throughout the world. Latin American and the Caribbean countries have been harshly affected by the pandemic mainly due to less prepared healthcare systems and fragmented social safety nets. In the region, health status population-based indicators are worse than compared to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Recent evidence suggests that the progression and severity of COVID-19 are associated with the prior health status of individuals, and studies have shown that the case fatality rate is highly stratified among different populations. This narrative review aims to describe factors associated with adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in the context of social determinants of health in Latin American and Caribbean countries. In this review, we state that genetic and biological factors interact in a sophisticated way with social determinants of health, impacting the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Behavioral factors, such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy diets, are related to chronic systemic inflammation. Also, air pollution can prolong inflammation and the hyper-activation of the immune system. Air pollutants could facilitate the spread of the virus. Finally, frailty and comorbidities can be associated with COVID-19 severity through increasing vulnerability to stressors and leading to more severe symptoms of COVID-19 disease, including a higher mortality risk. All these factors contribute to increasing the impact of COVID-19 in Latin American and Caribbean countries. We highlight the relevance of considering social determinants of health in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, not only in controlling the likelihood of getting the disease but also its progression and severity. All these social determinants can guide the design and implementation of tailored interventions promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, which should lower the spread of the disease, its severity, and lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Balboa-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN); Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. . Address: Avenida Alemania 458, Temuco, Chile. Postal code: 4810296. ORCID: 0000-0002-8568-7539
| | - Omar Andrade-Mayorga
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0003-3359-4100
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-4835-7821
| | - Gladys Morales Illanes
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0001-7194-8833
| | - Manuel Ortiz
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Psychology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-7749-0699
| | - Ingrid Schiferlli
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-1309-4339
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0002-6974-1312
| | - Álvaro Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0003-2583-7854
| | - Jorge Sapunar
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiometabólica y Nutricional (EPICYN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. ORCID: 0000-0001-9908-8054
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21
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Chandia-Poblete D, Hill RL, Aguilar-Farias N, Heesch KC. Individual and contextual factors associated with bicyclist injury severity in traffic incidents between bicyclists and motorists in Chile. Accid Anal Prev 2021; 154:106077. [PMID: 33721730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bicyclists are vulnerable road users who risk incurring severe injuries from traffic incidents involving motorists. However, the prevalence of severe bicycle injuries varies across countries and is not well-documented in Latin American countries. Studies from developed countries outside of Latin America have shown that individual and contextual factors are associated with severe injuries incurred by bicyclists in road traffic incidents with motorists, but it is not clear whether these factors are the same as those incurred by Latin American bicyclists. Moreover, most studies on bicyclist-motorist traffic incidents have treated injury severity as a binary variable for analysis although injuries range widely in severity. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of bicycle injuries from incidents between motorists and bicyclists in Chile and examine the associations between individual and contextual factors and bicyclist injury severity, treated as an ordinal outcome variable, in these incidents. Data on road traffic incidents between bicyclists and motorists from the 2016 Traffic Accident of Bicycle Riders and Consequences database of the Chilean Transport Ministry were analysed. Multilevel mixed-effects ordinal regression models were used to examine associations. In total, 81.2 % of 4093 traffic incidents between bicyclists and motorists resulted in nonfatal injuries to bicyclists and another 2.3 % resulted in fatalities. Most incidents involved collisions (84.3 %), and most were due to a motorist being distracted while driving (50.4 %). Severe bicyclist injuries were more likely when the incident involved a stationary cyclist who was struck, a collision between a moving bicycle and a moving motor vehicle, or an overturning motor vehicle striking a bicyclist (p < 0.001). Other factors included the motorist driving under the influence of alcohol (p = 0.05), the incident taking place in a mid-size community (p = 0.04), the incident occurring between 7:00 pm and 4:59 am (p < 0.01), and the injured bicyclist being under 18 years or 45+ years of age (p < 0.05). These findings suggest the need for educational programs that promote safe driving behaviour in the presence of bicyclists, better enforcement of laws and higher penalties for distracted or drunk driving, and provision of high-quality exclusive bicyclist infrastructure to address the vulnerability of the youngest and oldest bicyclists on shared roads, particularly in mid-size communities, and to provide better lighting on bikeways for evening bicycling, to reduce the high incidence of severe bicyclist injuries in motorist-bicyclist incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Chandia-Poblete
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000, Chile; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Public Health and Social Work, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
| | - Robert L Hill
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Public Health and Social Work, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, 4059, Australia.
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000, Chile; UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, 4780000, Chile.
| | - Kristiann C Heesch
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Public Health and Social Work, Victoria Park Road, Brisbane, 4059, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, 60 Musk Ave., Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia.
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22
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Aguilar-Farias N, Miranda-Marquez S, Toledo-Vargas M, Chandia-Poblete D. Comparison between self-reported and accelerometer-derived measurements for classifying children and adolescents as physically active in Chile. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00240620. [PMID: 33624698 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00240620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare self-reported with two accelerometer-derived methods to classify Chilean children and adolescents as physically active. In total, 247 students wore an accelerometer on their hips during 7 consecutive days to classify them as physically active based on (1) daily accumulation of ≥ 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on each of the seven days, and (2) average MVPA ≥ 60 minutes/day. Also, participants were classified as physically active if they reported being active for at least 60 minutes in all seven days. When using the accelerometer data, 0.8% were active in all seven days, while 10.5% recorded ≥ 60 minutes MVPA per day on average. Based on self-report, 7.2% were physically active. The agreement between self-reported and accelerometer estimations were poor. Important differences were observed between the self-reported and device-derived methods for classifying children and adolescents as physically active. When comparing them, some considerations should be taken. The findings suggest that these methods are not interchangeable. Therefore, if possible, they should be used as complementary measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Damian Chandia-Poblete
- Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Aguilar-Farias N, Martino-Fuentealba P, Chandia-Poblete D. Cultural adaptation, translation and validation of the Spanish version of Past-day Adults' Sedentary Time. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:182. [PMID: 33478463 PMCID: PMC7818730 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To better understand sedentary behaviour and favour international comparisons, more evidence from different countries are needed. However, there are a few tools available in Spanish to measure sedentary behaviour. This study aimed to culturally adapt, translate and validate the Past-day Adults’ Sedentary Time (PAST) questionnaire in Chilean adults compared with the ActivPAL. Method One hundred one workers wore an ActivPAL for 1 week and were asked to respond to the Spanish version of the PAST twice on different visits at a 7-day interval. The PAST assesses sedentary behaviour in several domains, including working time, during the previous day. Reliability was assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Correlations and Bland-Altman methods were used to determine accuracy properties of the PAST compared with the ActivPAL. Results Seventy-seven participants provided valid data (51.0% male; age = 39.0 ± 12.39 years). The PAST showed moderate reliability (ICC = 0.63). For the total time in sedentary behavior per day, the PAST showed no correlation (r = 0.21, p = 0.07) and a mean bias of 54.9 min/day (LoA 95%: − 484.3, 594.2 min/day) with the ActivPAL. For the total time in SB at work, the PAST showed moderate reliability (ICC = 0.40), weak correlation (r = 0.37, p < 0.002), and mean bias was 33.8 min/day (LoA 95%: − 285.7, 353.3 min/day). Conclusions The PAST performed better when estimating sedentary behaviour during working hours compared with the whole day. In this setting, accuracy properties were comparable with other self-report tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation. Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000, Temuco, Chile. .,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Pía Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation. Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Damian Chandia-Poblete
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation. Universidad de La Frontera, Av Francisco Salazar 01145, 4780000, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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24
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Aguilar-Farias N, Toledo-Vargas M, Miranda-Marquez S, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Martino-Fuentealba P, Okely AD, del Pozo Cruz B. Sociodemographic Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep among Toddlers and Preschoolers in Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:E176. [PMID: 33383721 PMCID: PMC7796176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the sociodemographic predictors associated with changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among toddlers and preschoolers during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Chile. Caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children completed an online survey between 30 March and 27 April 2020. Information about the child's movement behaviors before (retrospectively) and during the pandemic, as well as family characteristics were reported. In total, 3157 participants provided complete data (mean children age: 3.1 ± 1.38 years). During early stages of the pandemic, time spent in physical activity decreased, recreational screen time and sleep duration increased, and sleep quality declined. Toddlers and preschoolers with space to play at home and living in rural areas experienced an attenuated impact of the pandemic restrictions on their physical activity levels, screen time, and sleep quality. Older children, those whose caregivers were aged ≥35-<45 years and had a higher educational level, and those living in apartments had greater changes, mainly a decrease in total physical activity and increase in screen time. This study has shown the significant impact of the pandemic restrictions on movement behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Toledo-Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda-Marquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Borja del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia;
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Aguilar-Farias N, Miranda-Marquez S, Martino-Fuentealba P, Sadarangani KP, Chandia-Poblete D, Mella-Garcia C, Carcamo-Oyarzun J, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Delgado-Floody P, Von Oetinger A, Balboa-Castillo T, Peña S, Cuadrado C, Bedregal P, Celis-Morales C, Garcia-Hermoso A, Cortínez-O'Ryan A. 2018 Chilean Physical Activity Report Card for Children and Adolescents: Full Report and International Comparisons. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:807-815. [PMID: 32668409 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study summarizes the findings of the 2018 Chilean Report Card (RC) on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents and compares the results with the first Chilean RC and with other countries from the Global Matrix 3.0. METHODS A Research Work Group using a standardized methodology from the Global Matrix 3.0 awarded grades for 13 PA-related indicators based on the percentage of compliance for defined benchmarks. Different public data sets, government reports, and papers informed the indicators. RESULTS The grades assigned were for (1) "behaviors that contribute to overall PA levels": overall PA, D-; organized sport participation, D-; active play, INC; and active transportation, F; (2) "factors associated with cardiometabolic risk": sedentary behavior, C-; overweight and obesity, F; fitness, D; sleep, INC; and (3) "factors that influence PA": family and peers, F; school, D; inclusion, INC; community and built environment, B; government strategies and investments, B-. CONCLUSIONS Chile's grades remained low compared with the first RC. On the positive side, Chile is advancing in environmental and policy aspects. Our findings indicate that the implementation of new strategies should be developed through collaboration between different sectors to maximize effective investments for increasing PA and decreasing sedentary time among children and adolescents in Chile.
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Guan H, Okely AD, Aguilar-Farias N, Del Pozo Cruz B, Draper CE, El Hamdouchi A, Florindo AA, Jáuregui A, Katzmarzyk PT, Kontsevaya A, Löf M, Park W, Reilly JJ, Sharma D, Tremblay MS, Veldman SLC. Promoting healthy movement behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Child Adolesc Health 2020; 4:416-418. [PMID: 32458805 PMCID: PMC7190292 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Guan
- Department of Integrated Early Childhood Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start and Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine E Draper
- South African Medical Research Council and Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation CNESTEN-Ibn Tofail University (URAC39), Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alex A Florindo
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | - Anna Kontsevaya
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Wonsoon Park
- Korea Institute of Child Care and Education, Seoul, South Korea
| | - John J Reilly
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Sanne L C Veldman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Cristi-Montero C, Steell L, Petermann F, Garrido-Méndez A, Díaz-Martínez X, Salas-Bravo C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Rodriguez F, Aguilar-Farias N, Martinez MA, Leiva AM, Poblete-Valderrama F, Willis ND, Celis-Morales CA. Joint effect of physical activity and sedentary behaviour on cardiovascular risk factors in Chilean adults. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 40:485-492. [PMID: 29045709 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the associations between combined categories of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with markers of adiposity and cardiovascular risk in adults. Methods Overall, 5040 participants (mean age 46.4 years and 59.3% women) from the cross-sectional Chilean National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. MVPA and SB were measured using the Global Physical Activity questionnaire. Four categories were computed using MVPA- and SB-specific cut-offs ('High-SB & Active', 'Low-SB & Active', 'High-SB & Inactive' and 'Low-SB & Inactive'). Results Compared to the reference group ('High-SB & Inactive'), those in 'High-SB & Active' and 'Low-SB & Active' were less likely to have an obese BMI (OR: 0.67 [0.54; 0.85], P = 0.0001 and 0.74 [0.59; 0.92] P = 0.0007, respectively) and less likely to have metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.63 [0.49; 0.82], P < 0.0001 and 0.72 [0.57; 0.91], P = 0.007), central obesity (OR: 0.79 [0.65; 0.96], P = 0.016 and 0.71 [0.59; 0.84], P < 0.0001), diabetes (OR: 0.45 [0.35; 0.59], P < 0.0001 and 0.44 [0.34; 0.56], P < 0.0001) and hypertension (OR: 0.52 [0.43; 0.63], P < 0.0001 and 0.60 [0.50; 0.72], P < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusions Being physically active and spending less time in SBs was associated with lower adiposity and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Cristi-Montero
- Grupo IRyS, Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lewis Steell
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fanny Petermann
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Ximena Díaz-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación Calidad de Vida y Estilos de vida saludables, Facultades de Educación y Humanidades, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillan, Chile
| | - Carlos Salas-Bravo
- Departamento de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Núcleo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física y Deporte, Universidad de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Fernando Rodriguez
- Grupo IRyS, Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Maria A Martinez
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ana M Leiva
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Naomi D Willis
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carlos A Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Centro de Fisiología y Biomecánica, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Aguilar-Farias N, Chandia-Poblete D, Martino-Fuentealba P. Device Measured Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior In Chilean Older Adults: The Latin American Cities For Healthy Aging Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000562346.25511.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Aguilar-Farias N, Martino-Fuentealba P, Cortinez-O'Ryan A, Chandia-Poblete D, Celis-Morales CA, Bahamondes P, Leppe Zamora J, Brown WJ. The descriptive epidemiology of sitting in Chilean adults: Results from the National Health Survey 2009-2010. J Sport Health Sci 2019; 8:32-38. [PMID: 30719381 PMCID: PMC6349575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although evidence on the health effects of sedentary behavior (SB) has grown systematically in recent years, few developing countries have reported population levels of SB, especially in South America. Our objective was to describe time spent sitting in a representative sample from Chile categorized by age, gender, educational level, and body mass index (BMI). METHODS A national health survey was conducted in Chile in a nationally representative sample (n = 5411) in 2009-2010. Sitting time (ST) was measured with the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire Version 2. RESULTS Data were from 5031 participants (43.26 ± 0.41 years, mean ± SE; 40.3% male). Overall, there were no gender differences in mean ST (men: 158.10 ± 5.80 min/day, women 143.45 ± 4.77 min/day; p = 0.05). ST was lower in those who lived in rural areas compared with urban areas (99.4 min/day vs. 160.0 min/day; p = 0.001). ST increased significantly with increasing BMI, but only in men (p = 0.009), and was positively related to years of education in both men and women (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The findings were different from those reported in other countries and contexts, reinforcing the need for international surveillance and monitoring over time to inform policy makers. Differences in ST across different groups emphasize the need to develop tailored messages and interventions for reducing ST in different population subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Damian Chandia-Poblete
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, 4780000, Chile
| | - Carlos A. Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Paz Bahamondes
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7500000, Chile
| | - Jaime Leppe Zamora
- School of Physiotherapy, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7500000, Chile
| | - Wendy J. Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Aguilar-Farias N, Martino-Fuentealba P, Salom-Diaz N, Brown WJ. How many days are enough for measuring weekly activity behaviours with the ActivPAL in adults? J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:684-688. [PMID: 30579814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the number of monitoring days needed to reliably measure weekly activity behaviours with the ActivPAL (AP) monitor in adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Participants (90 adults (51.1% men); age=39.1±12.43 years) wore an AP for 7 consecutive days. Mean time spent sitting/lying, standing and stepping per day, and mean number of transitions from sitting to standing per day were calculated for each participant using 7 days of monitoring (reference). Estimates for these activities were also derived from a combination of randomly selected days (from 1 to 6 days), and randomly selected weekdays and weekend days, and compared with the reference using ANOVA, correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman methods Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula, based on Intraclass correlation of 0.8, was used to predict the minimum number of days needed to represent activity behaviours as measured with the AP. RESULTS At least five days of monitoring were necessary to achieve a reliability of 0.8 for all postures and transitions. Correlation coefficients between estimates derived from any combination of 5 days and the reference were high (rho=0.96-0.98). When using a combination of weekdays and weekend days, mean biases were comparable with those shown by any combination of days, but 95% limits of agreement were narrower. CONCLUSIONS When using the AP for a week, data from a combination of any 5 days provided reliable estimates of all activities and transitions per day, but more precise estimates were achieved if at least 1 weekend day was included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile.
| | - Pía Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - Nicolas Salom-Diaz
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
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Zieff SG, Musselman EA, Sarmiento OL, Gonzalez SA, Aguilar-Farias N, Winter SJ, Hipp JA, Quijano K, King AC. Talking the Walk: Perceptions of Neighborhood Characteristics from Users of Open Streets Programs in Latin America and the USA. J Urban Health 2018; 95:899-912. [PMID: 29948785 PMCID: PMC6286281 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is estimated to be the fourth leading cause of global mortality. Strategies to increase physical activity (PA) increasingly emphasize environmental and policy changes including the modification of neighborhood environments to promote walking and other forms of healthy activity. Open Streets (OS) initiatives, an important and growing strategy to modify neighborhood environments for PA, create temporary parks for recreational activity by closing streets to motor vehicle traffic, thereby offering health and community building benefits. We used the Stanford Neighborhood Discovery Tool (DT)-photo/voice software on a tablet-to train neighborhood residents to act as "citizen scientist" observers of the local built environment on a non-event day and during an OS initiative. The purposes of this project were as follows: (1) to assess adult residents' perceptions of neighborhood characteristics of the OS initiative in three socioeconomically diverse sites and (2) to test the DT for use in three international urban settings with OS initiatives; Bogota, Colombia; San Francisco, USA; and Temuco, Chile, among a multigenerational, multiethnic sample of adults including, for the first time, a vulnerable population of homeless adults (Bogota). Using the DT, participants walked an OS route taking photos and recording reasons for the photos, then completed a 25-item demographic/environmental observation survey and a 16-item Reflection Survey on perceived environmental changes. A total of 18 themes were reported by participants with areas of overlapping themes (e.g., Community and Social Connectedness) and areas where a single site reported a theme (e.g., Social Isolation in Older Adults). Ten of the 18 themes were identified by at least two sites including "Bike Resources" and "Services", indicating the value of programming at OS initiatives. The themes of "Festive Environment" and "Family Friendly Environment" reflect the quality of the overall environment for participants. Four themes (Community and Social Connectedness, Family Friendly Environment, PA, and Safety) were reported by all sites. Three of the four unifying themes were also ranked among the highest reported categories of "seemed better" on the Reflection Survey (Ease of Walking, Overall Safety of Neighborhood, and Friendliness of Environment), providing additional confirmation of the shared experience of social, health, and psychological benefits from OS initiatives. OS initiatives offer a global strategy for increasing neighborhood opportunities for PA and a potential site for training citizen scientists to document environmental influences on PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Zieff
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Silvia A Gonzalez
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - J Aaron Hipp
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Abby C King
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Zieff SG, Musselman EA, Sarmiento OL, Gonzalez SA, Aguilar-Farias N, Winter SJ, Aaron Hipp J, Quijano K, King AC. Correction to: Talking the Walk: Perceptions of Neighborhood Characteristics from Users of Open Streets Programs in Latin America and the USA. J Urban Health 2018; 95:913. [PMID: 30039302 PMCID: PMC6286278 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-018-0300-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There were two errors in this article as originally published: Coauthor Olga L. Sarmiento was listed with an affiliation-Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute-that does not apply to her (only "Universidad de los Andes Bogota, Colombia" is a correct affiliation for her).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G Zieff
- San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Silvia A Gonzalez
- Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - J Aaron Hipp
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Abby C King
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Heesch KC, Hill RL, Aguilar-Farias N, van Uffelen JGZ, Pavey T. Validity of objective methods for measuring sedentary behaviour in older adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:119. [PMID: 30477509 PMCID: PMC6260565 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The evidence showing the ill health effects of prolonged sedentary behaviour (SB) is growing. Most studies of SB in older adults have relied on self-report measures of SB. However, SB is difficult for older adults to recall and objective measures that combine accelerometry with inclinometry are now available for more accurately assessing SB. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the validity and reliability of these accelerometers for the assessment of SB in older adults. Methods EMBASE, PubMed and EBSCOhost databases were searched for articles published up to December 13, 2017. Articles were eligible if they: a) described reliability, calibration or validation studies of SB measurement in healthy, community-dwelling individuals, b) were published in English, Portuguese or Spanish, and c) were published or in press as journal articles in peer-reviewed journals. Results The review identified 15 studies in 17 papers. Of the included studies, 11 assessed the ActiGraph accelerometer. Of these, three examined reliability only, seven (in eight papers) examined validity only and one (in two papers) examined both. The strongest evidence from the studies reviewed is from studies that assessed the validity of the ActiGraph. These studies indicate that analysis of the data using 60-s epochs and a vertical magnitude cut-point < 200 cpm or using 30- or 60-s epochs with a machine learning algorithm provides the most valid estimates of SB. Non-wear algorithms of 90+ consecutive zeros is also suggested for the ActiGraph. Conclusions Few studies have examined the reliability and validity of accelerometers for measuring SB in older adults. Studies to date suggest that the criteria researchers use for classifying an epoch as sedentary instead of as non-wear time (e.g., the non-wear algorithm used) may need to be different for older adults than for younger adults. The required number of hours and days of wear for valid estimates of SB in older adults was not clear from studies to date. More older-adult-specific validation studies of accelerometers are needed, to inform future guidelines on the appropriate criteria to use for analysis of data from different accelerometer brands. Trial registration PROSPERO ID# CRD42017080754 registered December 12, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0749-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiann C Heesch
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Robert L Hill
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jannique G Z van Uffelen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Toby Pavey
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Accurate estimation of energy expenditure (EE) from accelerometer outputs remains a challenge in older adults. The aim of this study was to validate different ActiGraph (AG) equations for predicting EE in older adults. Forty older adults (age = 77.4 ± 8.1 yrs) completed a set of household/gardening activities in their residence, while wearing an AG at the hip (GT3X+) and a portable calorimeter (MetaMax 3B - criterion). Predicted EEs from AG were calculated using five equations (Freedson, refined Crouter, Sasaki and Santos-Lozano (vertical-axis, vectormagnitude)). Accuracy of equations was assessed using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and mean bias. The Sasaki equation showed the lowest RMSE for all activities (0.47 METs) and across physical activity intensities (PAIs) (range 0.18-0.48 METs). The Freedson and Santos-Lozano equations tended to overestimate EE for sedentary activities (range: 0.48 to 0.97 METs), while EEs for moderate-to-vigorous activities (MVPA) were underestimated (range: -1.02 to -0.64 METs). The refined Crouter and Sasaki equations showed no systematic bias, but they respectively overestimated and underestimated EE across PAIs. In conclusion, none of the equations was completely accurate for predicting EE across the range of PAIs. However, the refined Crouter and Sasaki equations showed better overall accuracy and precision when compared with the other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- a Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation ; Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile
| | - G M E E Geeske Peeters
- b Global Brain Health Institute , University of California San Francisco
- Trinity College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Robert J Brychta
- c Diabetes, Endocrine, and Obesity Branch of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- c Diabetes, Endocrine, and Obesity Branch of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Wendy J Brown
- d The School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Aguilar-Farias N, Martino-Fuentealba P, Carcamo-Oyarzun J, Cortinez-O'Ryan A, Cristi-Montero C, Von Oetinger A, Sadarangani KP. A regional vision of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and physical education in adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean: results from 26 countries. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:976-986. [PMID: 29554308 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries, have been historically under-represented due to the lack of surveillance of physical behaviours in young populations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare overall physical activity (PA), active transportation to and from school (i.e. walking or cycling), physical education (PE) participation, and sedentary behaviour (SB) in adolescents from 26 countries in LAC. METHODS Data were collected in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2007-13). Prevalences for each physical behaviour were compared by sex across the region. RESULTS In total, 64 034 adolescents provided complete data (age range: 11 to 18 years; 47.7% male). Only about 15% of adolescents in LAC countries were physically active (at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA) with most countries showing sex disparities. Overall, 41.9% reported being active for transportation to and from school at least 3 days per week. In 12 countries, at least 50% of the adolescents reported sitting ≥3 h per day outside school, and a third of adolescents reported participation in PE classes on 3 days or more per week. CONCLUSIONS The study sets a challenge for the LAC region, as physical inactivity and SB are highly prevalent across all countries. Gender inequity was shown in most countries, with boys reporting more active behaviours. Regional and national actions for implementing policies to revert this situation are urgent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jaime Carcamo-Oyarzun
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Astrid Von Oetinger
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Dentistry, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.,School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Movement, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Cortinez-O'Ryan A, Albagli A, Sadarangani KP, Aguilar-Farias N. Reclaiming streets for outdoor play: A process and impact evaluation of "Juega en tu Barrio" (Play in your Neighborhood), an intervention to increase physical activity and opportunities for play. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180172. [PMID: 28671984 PMCID: PMC5495338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background New strategies are required to create supportive physical and social environments for children and promote active free-play. Juega en tu Barrio (JETB; Play in your Neighborhood) was designed and implemented to explore the effectiveness of closing a street in a low-to-middle income neighborhood in order to increase children’s outside play and physical activity. Methods A pretest-posttest design with control group was employed to investigate the intervention effects in a subsample of 100 children, 51 from the intervention neighborhood and 49 from the control neighborhood. The children wore pedometers for one week, and their parents completed questionnaires at two time points: before the intervention began and during the last two weeks of the intervention. JETB was conducted in the intervention neighborhood from 17:30 to 20:30, twice a week, from September to December 2014. Stewards ensured that the children were safe. Children and adults were assessed using systematic observation. Results The intervention and control neighborhoods included 177 and 116 children respectively. The average attendance per event was 60 children (SD = 22, reach 34%). In the intervention neighborhood, a significant increase between baseline and final assessment was observed in after-school outdoor playtime (p = 0.02), steps during the 3-hour intervention (p = 0.004), and daily steps Monday to Sunday (p = 0.006). Meanwhile, no changes were observed in the control neighborhood for the same variables. The proportion of children who met recommended daily step counts increased from 27.5% to 53.0% in the intervention neighborhood (p = 0.007), while for control neighborhood no difference was observed (49.0% to 53.0% p = 0.804). Conclusions JETB showed high community engagement while offering opportunities for increased outdoor play in children. The intervention showed a significant effect on the number of children meeting the daily pedometer-derived physical activity recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Kabir P Sadarangani
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Aguilar-Farias N, Leppe Zamora J. Is a single question of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) valid for measuring sedentary behaviour in the Chilean population? J Sports Sci 2016; 35:1652-1657. [PMID: 27607078 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1229010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to assess the validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for measuring sedentary behaviour (SB) in the Chilean adult population. About 217 adults (93/124 male/female, 43.8 ± 15.75 years) who were randomly selected during National Health Survey 2009-2010 completed the protocol. The participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X (AG) for 7 consecutive days and then completed the GPAQ (single-item question for measuring time spent sitting in a usual day). Validity was examined using Spearman's correlation, mean bias and limits of agreement (LoA), with AG (vertical axis <100 counts · min-1) as the reference standard for estimates of SB in bouts of 1 (AG1), 5 (AG5) and 10 (AG10) min. Agreement between the GPAQ and AG for classifying data into quartiles and tertiles was assessed with kappa method. The GPAQ showed fair correlation with AG1, AG5 and AG10 (range = 0.23-0.26), with large mean biases (range = -293.9, -76.12 min · day-1). Agreement between the GPAQ and AG1, AG5 and AG10 was poor for categorising time spent in SB into tertiles and quartiles. The single question from the GPAQ has shown fair validity for measuring SB and poor ability for correctly classifying individuals into tertiles or quartiles of SB in a Chilean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- a Departamento de Educacion Fisica, Deportes y Recreacion , Universidad de La Frontera , Temuco , Chile.,b School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Jaime Leppe Zamora
- c Carrera de Kinesiologia, Facultad de Medicina Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
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Aguilar-Farias N, Martino-Fuentealba P, Espinoza-Silva M. OBJECTIVELY MEASURED PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOUR PATTERNS IN CHILEAN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN. NUTR HOSP 2015; 32:2606-12. [PMID: 26667711 DOI: 10.3305/nh.2015.32.6.9489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the negative effects of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour (SB) on children's health have been widely supported by evidence. However, evidence on how these behaviours are manifested in pre-school children is limited. The study aim was to evaluate objectively measured physical activity (PA) and SB patterns in Chilean pre-school children. METHODS twenty-five children (4.8 } 0.50 years, 48% male) completed ambulatory monitoring with an ActivPALTM micro accelerometer and inclinometer. Time spent while walking, standing and sitting/lying, as well as daily steps were measured and compared by day of the week (weekday/weekend) and time of day. RESULTS mean walking time was 147.2 } 52.23 minutes/ day. Mean time spent in SB was 468.3 } 92.22 min/day, with statistical differences between week and weekend days (484.8 minutes/day vs. 426.8 minutes/day, p = 0.03). 50% of total steps were accrued in accumulations of less than 100 steps/minute, while 50% of time spent in SB was accumulated in bouts of 35 seconds or less. DISCUSSION pre-school children have intermittent PA and SB patterns. On weekdays children spent sitting longer than at weekends, therefore an opportunity exists for changing this behaviour during class time. This report on PA and SB patterns presents valuable information for designing and implementing strategies to enhance PA levels and decrease time spent in SB among pre-school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia..
| | - Pía Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile..
| | - Miguel Espinoza-Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile..
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Aguilar-Farias N, Leppe JE. How Active And Sedentary Is The Chilean Population? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495836.33363.0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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