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Aguilar-Farias N, Toledo-Vargas M, Miranda-Marquez S, Cortinez-O'Ryan A, Martino-Fuentealba P, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Guarda-Saavedra P, Del Pozo Cruz B, Okely AD. Associations Between Movement Behaviors and Emotional Changes in Toddlers and Preschoolers During Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Chile. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:667362. [PMID: 34532302 PMCID: PMC8438402 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.667362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited evidence about emotional and behavioral responses in toddlers and preschoolers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in Latin America. Objective: To assess associations between changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time and sleeping) and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers during early stages of the pandemic in Chile. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted from March 30th to April 27th, 2020. Main caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children living in Chile answered an online survey that included questions about sociodemographic characteristics, changes in the child's emotions and behaviors, movement behaviors and caregivers' stress during the pandemic. Multiple linear regressions were used to assess the association between different factors and emotional changes in toddlers and preschoolers. Results: In total, 1727 caregivers provided complete data on emotional changes for children aged 2.9 ± 1.36 years old, 47.9% girls. A large proportion of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile experienced emotional and behavioral changes. Most caregivers reported that children "were more affectionate" (78.9%), "more restless" (65.1%), and 'more frustrated' (54.1%) compared with pre-pandemic times. Apart from changes in movement behaviors, factors such as child age, caregivers' age and stress, and residential area (urban/rural) were consistently associated with changes in emotions and behaviors. Conclusion: The pandemic substantially affected the emotions and behaviors of toddlers and preschoolers in Chile. The findings suggest that supportive actions for caregivers may have a positive impact not only on adults but also on children. Mental health promotion programs should consider multilevel approaches in which the promotion of movement behaviors and support for caregivers should be essential pieces for future responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Marcelo Toledo-Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda-Marquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Paula Guarda-Saavedra
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Centre for Active and Healthy Ageing, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- School of Health and Society and Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, Australia and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Aguilar-Farias N, Miranda-Marquez S, Toledo-Vargas M, Chandia-Poblete D. Comparison between self-reported and accelerometer-derived measurements for classifying children and adolescents as physically active in Chile. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00240620. [PMID: 33624698 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00240620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare self-reported with two accelerometer-derived methods to classify Chilean children and adolescents as physically active. In total, 247 students wore an accelerometer on their hips during 7 consecutive days to classify them as physically active based on (1) daily accumulation of ≥ 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on each of the seven days, and (2) average MVPA ≥ 60 minutes/day. Also, participants were classified as physically active if they reported being active for at least 60 minutes in all seven days. When using the accelerometer data, 0.8% were active in all seven days, while 10.5% recorded ≥ 60 minutes MVPA per day on average. Based on self-report, 7.2% were physically active. The agreement between self-reported and accelerometer estimations were poor. Important differences were observed between the self-reported and device-derived methods for classifying children and adolescents as physically active. When comparing them, some considerations should be taken. The findings suggest that these methods are not interchangeable. Therefore, if possible, they should be used as complementary measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Damian Chandia-Poblete
- Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Aguilar-Farias N, Toledo-Vargas M, Miranda-Marquez S, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Cristi-Montero C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez F, Martino-Fuentealba P, Okely AD, del Pozo Cruz B. Sociodemographic Predictors of Changes in Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep among Toddlers and Preschoolers in Chile during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 18:E176. [PMID: 33383721 PMCID: PMC7796176 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the sociodemographic predictors associated with changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) among toddlers and preschoolers during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Chile. Caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children completed an online survey between 30 March and 27 April 2020. Information about the child's movement behaviors before (retrospectively) and during the pandemic, as well as family characteristics were reported. In total, 3157 participants provided complete data (mean children age: 3.1 ± 1.38 years). During early stages of the pandemic, time spent in physical activity decreased, recreational screen time and sleep duration increased, and sleep quality declined. Toddlers and preschoolers with space to play at home and living in rural areas experienced an attenuated impact of the pandemic restrictions on their physical activity levels, screen time, and sleep quality. Older children, those whose caregivers were aged ≥35-<45 years and had a higher educational level, and those living in apartments had greater changes, mainly a decrease in total physical activity and increase in screen time. This study has shown the significant impact of the pandemic restrictions on movement behaviors in toddlers and preschoolers in Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Marcelo Toledo-Vargas
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Sebastian Miranda-Marquez
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2374631, Chile; (C.C.-M.); (F.R.-R.)
| | - Pia Martino-Fuentealba
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (M.T.-V.); (S.M.-M.); (A.C.-O.); (P.M.-F.)
- UFRO Activate Research Group, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Borja del Pozo Cruz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia;
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