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Liao L, Chen X, Huang H, Li Y, Huang Q, Song Z, Luo J, Yuan T, Deng S. Long non-coding RNA CASC7 is a promising serum biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:324. [PMID: 37735632 PMCID: PMC10514991 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, a large number of studies have found that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 7 (CASC7) in HCC has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to explore the expression of CASC7 and its correlation with clinical features, and to further analyze its diagnostic value in HCC. METHODS Serum samples were collected from 80 patients with HCC, 80 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and 80 healthy people. The expression level of serum CASC7 was detected by droplet digital PCR. Appropriate parametric and nonparametric tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of CASC7 in serum of patients with HCC was significantly higher than that of patients with CHB (median: 8.8 versus 2.2 copies/µl, p < 0.001) and healthy controls (median: 8.8 versus 3.8 copies/µl, p < 0.001). High expression of serum CASC7 was significantly correlated with tumor number (p = 0.005), intrahepatic metastasis (IM) (p < 0.001), tumor size (p = 0.007) and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (p = 0.008). The area under the curve (AUC) of CASC7 to distinguish HCC patients from CHB patients and healthy controls was 0.808 (95% CI: 0.742-0.874) at the cut-off value of 7.24 copies/µl with 63.8% sensitivity and 95.2% specificity. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that CASC7 was significantly up-regulated in serum of patients with HCC and closely related to tumor number, IM, tumor size and TNM stage, which may serve as a promising diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hengliu Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhen Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 954th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 80, Naidong Road, Naidong District, Shannan, 856000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 954th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No. 80, Naidong Road, Naidong District, Shannan, 856000, China.
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Shaoli Deng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, No. 10, Changjiang Zhilu, DaPing, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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Omar MA, Omran MM, Farid K, Tabll AA, Shahein YE, Emran TM, Petrovic A, Lucic NR, Smolic R, Kovac T, Smolic M. Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Origin to Clinical Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1852. [PMID: 37509493 PMCID: PMC10377276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCC-related deaths has increased over the last few decades. There are several risk factors of HCC such as viral hepatitis (B, C), cirrhosis, tobacco and alcohol use, aflatoxin-contaminated food, pesticides, diabetes, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic and genetic diseases. Diagnosis of HCC is based on different methods such as imaging ultrasonography (US), multiphasic enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and several diagnostic biomarkers. In this review, we examine the epidemiology of HCC worldwide and in Egypt as well as risk factors associated with the development of HCC and, finally, provide the updated diagnostic biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC, particularly in the early stages of HCC. Several biomarkers are considered to diagnose HCC, including downregulated or upregulated protein markers secreted during HCC development, circulating nucleic acids or cells, metabolites, and the promising, recently identified biomarkers based on quantitative proteomics through the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). In addition, a diagnostic model used to improve the sensitivity of combined biomarkers for the diagnosis of early HCC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Omar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed M. Omran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Khaled Farid
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35524, Egypt;
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Immunology Department, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Yasser E. Shahein
- Molecular Biology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Tarek M. Emran
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt;
| | - Ana Petrovic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.P.); (N.R.L.); (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Nikola R. Lucic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.P.); (N.R.L.); (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Robert Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.P.); (N.R.L.); (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tanja Kovac
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.P.); (N.R.L.); (R.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Martina Smolic
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (A.P.); (N.R.L.); (R.S.); (T.K.)
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Redwan EM, Aljadawi AA, Uversky VN. Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Intrinsic Disorder in the Signaling Pathways Induced by Toll-Like Receptors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1091. [PMID: 36101469 PMCID: PMC9312352 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the interplay between protein intrinsic disorder, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and signaling pathways induced by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). To this end, 10 HCV proteins, 10 human TLRs, and 41 proteins from the TLR-induced downstream pathways were considered from the prevalence of intrinsic disorder. Mapping of the intrinsic disorder to the HCV-TLR interactome and to the TLR-based pathways of human innate immune response to the HCV infection demonstrates that substantial levels of intrinsic disorder are characteristic for proteins involved in the regulation and execution of these innate immunity pathways and in HCV-TLR interaction. Disordered regions, being commonly enriched in sites of various posttranslational modifications, may play important functional roles by promoting protein-protein interactions and support the binding of the analyzed proteins to other partners such as nucleic acids. It seems that this system represents an important illustration of the role of intrinsic disorder in virus-host warfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Aljadawi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (E.M.R.); (A.A.A.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Orchard G, Rhodes A, Brown NW. British Journal of Biomedical Science in 2021. What have we learned? Br J Biomed Sci 2021; 78:159-166. [PMID: 34850663 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2021.1982279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Orchard
- St John's Dermatopathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Rhodes
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Dept of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N W Brown
- Toxicology, Wansbeck General Hospital, Northumberland, UK
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Gao Y, Nepal N, Jin SZ. Toll-like receptors and hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2021; 20:521-529. [PMID: 34419367 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide issue. However, the current treatment for hepatitis C has many shortcomings. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors involved in HCV infection, and an increasing number of studies are focusing on the role of TLRs in the progression of hepatitis C. DATA SOURCES We performed a PubMed search up to January 2021 with the following keywords: hepatitis C, toll-like receptors, interferons, inflammation, and immune evasion. We also used terms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), susceptibility, fibrosis, cirrhosis, direct-acting antiviral agents, agonists, and antagonists to supplement the query results. We reviewed relevant publications analyzing the correlation between hepatitis C and TLRs and the role of TLRs in HCV infection. RESULTS TLRs 1-4 and 6-9 are involved in the process of HCV infection. When the host is exposed to the HCV, TLRs, as important participants in HCV immune evasion, trigger innate immunity to remove the virus and also promote inflammation and liver fibrosis. TLR gene SNPs affect hepatitis C susceptibility, treatment, and prognosis. The contribution of each TLR to HCV is different. Drugs targeting various TLRs are developed and validated, and TLRs can synergize with classic hepatitis C drugs, including interferon and direct-acting antiviral agents, constituting a new direction for the treatment of hepatitis C. CONCLUSIONS TLRs are important receptors in HCV infection. Different TLRs induce different mechanisms of virus clearance and inflammatory response. Although TLR-related antiviral therapy strategies exist, more studies are needed to explore the clinical application of TLR-related drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Narayan Nepal
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shi-Zhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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