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Abdeltawab MS, Abdel-Shafi IR, Aboulhoda BE, Mahfoz AM, Hamed AM. The neuroprotective potential of curcumin on T. Spiralis infected mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:99. [PMID: 38388410 PMCID: PMC10882799 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04399-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichinella spiralis can affect the brain by inducing inflammatory and vascular changes. Drug management with the antiparasitic drug albendazole can be enhanced by natural compounds such as curcumin. The potential benefit of curcumin as an adjuvant to albendazole in the management of cerebral affection during experimental T. spiralis infection was evaluated. Animals received either curcumin 150 mg/Kg, albendazole 50 mg/Kg or a combination of both drugs. Animal groups receiving treatment were compared with infected and non-infected control groups. Blood levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and dopamine were measured, and brain tissue expression of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) and CD34 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS T. spiralis infection resulted in a state of oxidative stress, which was improved by albendazole and curcumin. Also, both drugs restored the peripheral dopamine level, which was decreased in infected non-treated mice. Curcumin was also found to be efficient in improving brain pathology and reducing local COX-2 and CD 34 expression. CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory and pathological changes during neurotrichinosis can be improved by the addition of curcumin to conventional anti-parasitic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Sa Abdeltawab
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman R Abdel-Shafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal M Mahfoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alshaimaa Mr Hamed
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Rashmi H, Negi P. Utilization of over matured fruit waste of Spine gourd (Momordica dioca Roxb.) as a source of anthelmintic bioactive constituents. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Poudel S, Tabler GT, Lin J, Zhai W, Zhang L. Riboflavin and Bacillus subtilis effects on growth performance and
woody-breast of Ross 708 broilers with or without Eimeria spp.
challenge. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:443-461. [PMID: 35709099 PMCID: PMC9184709 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplementation of
riboflavin (as a bile salt hydrolase [BSH] inhibitor) and Bacillus
subtilis on growth performance and woody breast of male broilers
challenged with Eimeria spp. Intestinal bacteria, including
supplemented probiotics, can produce BSH enzymes that deconjugate conjugated
bile salts and reduce fat digestion. A 3 × 2 × 2 (riboflavin
× Bacillus subtilis × Eimeria
spp. challenge) factorial arrangement of treatments in randomized complete block
design was used. On d 14, birds were gavaged with 20× doses of commercial
cocci vaccine (CoccivacR-B52, Merck Animal Health, Omaha, NE).
Dietary treatment of riboflavin and B. subtilis did not affect
body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) d 0 to 14
and overall d 0 to 41. Eimeria spp challenge reduced BWG, feed
intake (FI), and increased FCR between d 14 to 28, but increased BWG and lowered
FCR between d 28 to 35. There were no effects of the Eimeria
spp. challenge on the overall d 0 to 41 FCR and FI, but BWG was reduced.
Eimeria spp. challenge increased the abdominal fat pad
weight and slight woody breast incidences on processed birds on d 42. Dietary
inclusion of B. subtilis and riboflavin at tested levels did
not help birds to mitigate the negative impact of Eimeria spp.
challenge to enhance the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Poudel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi
State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - George T. Tabler
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi
State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Animal Science, University
of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi
State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi
State University, MS 39762, USA
- Corresponding author: Li Zhang, Department of
Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA. Tel:
+1-662-325-3416, E-mail:
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Investigation of the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress, local inflammatory response, COX-2 expression, and microvessel density in Trichinella spiralis induced enteritis, myositis and myocarditis in mice. Helminthologia 2022; 59:18-36. [PMID: 35601760 PMCID: PMC9075878 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Curcumin exerts anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have proven to be of value in the management of several parasitic infections. Objective Investigation of the value of curcumin in the management of trichinosis either alone or as an adjuvant to albendazole. Methods Animals received either curcumin 150 mg/kg, curcumin 300 mg/kg, albendazole 50 mg/ kg or combined curcumin 150mg/kg and albendazole 50 mg/kg and were compared with control infected and non-infected mice. Estimation of intestinal and muscular parasitic load and blood malondialdehyde level, in addition to the histopathological examination of small intestine, skeletal muscle tissue and heart was performed. Also, assessment of the local expression of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) and CD34 in these samples was done by immunohistochemistry. Results Curcumin was found efficient in reducing parasitic load. It also lowered serum MDA level, local COX-2 and CD34 expression. An evident anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin was observed in intestinal, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle histopathological sections. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-angiogenic effects of curcumin can help to improve trichinellosis-induced pathology. Curcumin can therefore be of value as an adjuvant therapy to conventional antiparasitic agents and can also produce promising results when used alone at higher doses.
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Motavallihaghi S, Khodadadi I, Goudarzi F, Afshar S, Shahbazi AE, Maghsood AH. The role of Acanthamoeba castellanii (T4 genotype) antioxidant enzymes in parasite survival under H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress. Parasitol Int 2021; 87:102523. [PMID: 34929407 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba castellanii (A. castellanii) is an important opportunistic parasite. Induction of oxidative stress by the host immune system is one of the most important defense strategies against parasites. Hence, parasites partly deal with oxidative stress by different mechanisms. Identifying resistance mechanisms of A. castellanii parasites against oxidative stress is important to achieve a new therapeutic approach. Thus, this study aimed to understand the resistance mechanisms of A. castellanii, against oxidative stress. Trophozoites of A. castellanii were treated with different concentrations of H2O2. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of H2O2 was determined using the MTT assay. The induction of oxidative stress was confirmed by flow cytometer. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined. The gene expression levels of CAT and SOD were measured by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, 3-amino-1:2:4-triazole (3-AT) and potassium cyanide (KCN) were used as specific inhibitors of CAT and SOD, respectively. Cell cycle assay and the apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometer. The activities of SOD, CAT, GR, and GPx, showed an increase in oxidative stress. The cell cycle analysis revealed that most of the cellular population was in G0 and G1 phases. The apoptosis increased in oxidative stress conditions. Moreover, the apoptosis significantly increased after the specific inhibition of CAT and SOD under oxidative stress. The gene expression levels of CAT and SOD significantly increased under oxidative stress. A. castellanii can resist the host immune system through various mechanisms, including evoking its antioxidant enzymes. Therefore, by reducing or inhibiting the activity of the parasite's antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, it is possible to cope with A. castellanii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Farjam Goudarzi
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saied Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsan Shahbazi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Schmidt EMDS, Fachiolli DF, de Oliveira RM, Almeida FA, Pariz CM, de Lima Meirelles PR, Costa C, Tvarijonaviciute A, Erel O, Neselioglu S, Ceron JJ, Rubio CP. Changes in Serum Thiol-Disulphide Homeostasis in Sheep with Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102856. [PMID: 34679878 PMCID: PMC8532846 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Parasitism with gastrointestinal nematodes represents a significant risk to the health of livestock populations. Besides the local oxidative damage caused by the parasite, the host reacts by increasing the production of oxidants. The study of thiol-disulphide homeostasis can be of help in the evaluation of the oxidative status of sheep during this type of parasitism. In this study, the thiol-disulphide homeostasis, together with other biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, were assessed in the serum of lambs infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and were evaluated after 70 days of integrated crop-livestock system and anthelmintic treatment. This study showed that the thiol-disulphide balance was impaired in the infected lambs and the changes were correlated with the parasite load, which therefore could indicate their potential use as a tool to evaluate and monitor the disease in sheep. Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the thiol-disulphide homeostasis in serum of lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes presenting different levels of parasite load indirectly indicated by faecal worm egg counts (EPG). Furthermore, the possible changes in the thiol-disulphide dynamic after different procedures to reduce the parasitic charge, such as the integrated crop-livestock system or anthelmintic treatment, were assessed. The results were compared with a panel of various oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The lambs were divided into three groups: animals highly infected (EPG higher than 5000) and packed cell volume (PCV) lower than 24% (G1); animals highly infected (EPG higher than 5000) and normal PCV (>24%) (G2); and animals presenting EPG lower than 5000 and normal PCV (>24%) (G3). The highly infected lambs (G1 and G2) showed lower total thiol (TT) and native thiol (SH) (p ≤ 0.01) than those from G3. After treatment, TT and SH increased significantly in all groups (p ≤ 0.01), and the disulphide (SS)/TT and SS/SH ratios decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in G1 and G2. These results show that the thiol-disulphide balance was impaired in lambs infected by gastrointestinal nematodes and that it could be potentially used as a biomarker to monitor this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.S.); (R.M.d.O.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Center of the Federal District-UDF, Brasilia 70390-030, Brazil
| | - Daniele Floriano Fachiolli
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (D.F.F.); (C.M.P.); (P.R.d.L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Raphaela Moreira de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.S.); (R.M.d.O.)
| | - Fabiana Alves Almeida
- Department of Parasitology, Biosciences Institute, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil;
| | - Cristiano Magalhães Pariz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (D.F.F.); (C.M.P.); (P.R.d.L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (D.F.F.); (C.M.P.); (P.R.d.L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Ciniro Costa
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Breeding, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (D.F.F.); (C.M.P.); (P.R.d.L.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (O.E.); (S.N.)
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara 06800, Turkey; (O.E.); (S.N.)
| | - Jose Joaquin Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis of the University of Murcia (Interlab-UMU), Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Campus of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (FMVZ-UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil; (E.M.d.S.S.); (R.M.d.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-8-6888-9762
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Zakeri A, Whitehead BJ, Stensballe A, de Korne C, Williams AR, Everts B, Nejsum P. Parasite worm antigens instruct macrophages to release immunoregulatory extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12131. [PMID: 34429858 PMCID: PMC8365858 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immune cells not only communicate with each other through cytokines, chemokines, and cell surface receptors, but also by releasing small membranous structures known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs carry a variety of different molecules that can be taken up by recipient cells. Parasitic worms are well known for their immunomodulatory properties, but whether they can affect immune responses by altering EV-driven communication between host immune cells remains unclear. Here we provide evidence that stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with soluble products of Trichuris suis (TSPs), leads to the release of EVs with anti-inflammatory properties. Specifically, we found that EVs from TSP-pulsed BMDMs, but not those from unstimulated BMDMs can suppress TNFα and IL-6 release in LPS-stimulated BMDMs and BMDCs. However, no polarization toward M1 or M2 was observed in macrophages exposed to EVs. Moreover, EVs enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the exposed BMDMs, which was associated with a deregulated redox homeostasis as revealed by pathway analysis of transcriptomic data. Proteomic analysis identified cytochrome p450 (CYP450) as a potential source of ROS in EVs from TSP-pulsed BMDMs. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of CYP450 activity could suppress ROS production in those BMDMs. In summary, we find that TSPs can modulate immune responses not only via direct interactions but also indirectly by eliciting the release of EVs from BMDMs that exert anti-inflammatory effects on recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Zakeri
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Medicine and Health TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Clarize de Korne
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
- Interventional Molecular Imaging laboratoryDepartment of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksbergDenmark
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenNetherlands
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
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Agina OA, Cheah KT, Sayuti NSA, Shaari MR, Isa NMM, Ajat M, Zamri-Saad M, Mazlan M, Hamzah H. High Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor to Interleukin 10 Ratio and Marked Antioxidant Enzyme Activities Predominate in Symptomatic Cattle Naturally Infected with Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos, Theileria orientalis, Theileria sinensis and Trypanosoma evansi. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082235. [PMID: 34438696 PMCID: PMC8388426 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the serum proinflammatory (IL-12, GM-CSF & IFN-γ) to anti-inflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) cytokine ratio, oxidant (MDA) level and antioxidant enzyme (SOD; GPx) activities after blood parasite infections. The blood and serum samples were obtained from 130 cattle and screened for identity of the infecting blood parasites by conventional PCR. The following blood parasite species were detected: Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos (70/130); Theileria orientalis (65/130); Theileria sinensis (32/130); Anaplasma marginale (49/130); Anaplasma platys (7/130); and Trypanosoma evansi (4/130). The GM-CSF/IL-10 ratio showed significantly higher values in all the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle groups except for symptomatic A. platys infected cattle groups. Anti-inflammatory cytokine immune responses were notable findings in symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle infected with C. M. haemobos and T. orientalis characterized by low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 (p < 0.05). Therefore, high serum GM-CSF:IL:10 in the symptomatic blood parasite infected cattle, low serum IL-12:IL-10, IFN-γ:IL-10, IL-12:IL-4 and IFN-γ:IL-4 ratios in asymptomatic cattle, high MDA level, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities could be useful predictive tools for outcome of natural blood parasite infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyinyechukwu Ada Agina
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
| | - Kim Tho Cheah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Nurul Syahirah Ahmad Sayuti
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mohd Rosly Shaari
- Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Mokrish Ajat
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Zamri-Saad
- Centre for Ruminant Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mazlina Mazlan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Hazilawati Hamzah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.T.C.); (N.S.A.S.); (N.M.M.I.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (O.A.A.); (H.H.); Tel.: +234-70-3901-0464 (O.A.A.); +60-19-2846-897 (H.H.)
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Host-Parasite Interaction in Sarcoptes scabiei Infestation in Porcine Model with a Preliminary Note on Its Genetic Lineage from India. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122312. [PMID: 33297315 PMCID: PMC7762329 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Scabies or mange caused by Sarcoptess cabiei is the latest addition of WHO’s list oftropical neglected diseases. It causes severe itching to the host. It has a wide host range including humans, farm animals, companion animals, and wild animals. It is anemerging/re-emerging disease with high prevalence in underdeveloped and developing countries. The disease has zoonotic importance and is of significant public health concern as cross-transmission or species jumping is very common. To date, fifteen Sarcoptes varieties have been reported as per host origin. Differential diagnosis at variety level is very crucial for epidemiological study and scratching future eradication program of the disease. As morphotaxonomy fails to differentiate varieties, use of molecular markers is crucial. Moreover, it is very important to understand the host-parasite interaction at the systemic level for a better understanding on the pathogenicity of the disease. Here, we report the genetic characterization of S. scabiei from India and host-parasite interaction in a porcine model. Abstract The burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes scabies in humans or mange in animals. It infests a wide range of mammalian species including livestock, companion animals, wild animals, and humans. Differential diagnosis of Sarcoptes varieties is key for epidemiological studies and for formulation of an eradication program. Host-parasite interaction at the systemic level is very important to understand the pathogenicity of the mite. This communication deals with the preliminary report on the genetic characterization of S. scabiei from India. Moreover, the effect of S. scabiei infestation on host physiology with special emphasis on serum biochemical parameters, lipid profile, oxidant/antioxidant balance, stress parameters, and immune responses were evaluated in a porcine model. Cytochrome C oxidase 1 and voltage-sensitive sodium channel based phylogenetic study could distinguish human and animals isolates but could not distinguish host or geographical specific isolates belonging to animal origin. An absence of host-specific cluster among animal isolates argues against the hypothesis of delineating S. scabiei as per host origin. Elevated levels of markers of liver function such as albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH in infested animals indicated impaired liver function in infested animals. S. scabiei infestation induced atherogenic dyslipidemia indicated by elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, and a decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Oxidative stress in infested animals was indicated by a high level of nitric oxide and serum MDA as oxidative stress markers and low antioxidant capacity. S. scabiei triggered stress response and elevated levels of serum cortisol and heat shock proteins were recorded in infested animals. S. scabiei infestation increased the serum concentration of immunoglobulins and was associated with up-regulation of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 indicating both Th1 and Th2 response. The results of the study will be helpful for a better understanding of host-parasite interaction at the systemic level in crusted scabies in pigs.
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Al-Hosary AAT, Ellah MRA, Ahmed LSED. Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Sheep Infested with Ticks and Concurrent Diagnosis of Theileriosis. ASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND VETERINARY ADVANCES 2018; 13:263-268. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.263.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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11
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A deeper insight on the radical scavenger activity of two simple coumarins toward OOH radical. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Hooper KJ, Bobe G, Vorachek WR, Bishop-Stewart JK, Mosher WD, Pirelli GJ, Kent ML, Hall JA. Effect of selenium yeast supplementation on naturally acquired parasitic infection in ewes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:308-17. [PMID: 25256922 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites cause substantial economic losses in pasture-based sheep production systems. Supranutritional organic selenium (Se) supplementation may be beneficial because it improves immune responses to pathogens. To evaluate the effect of Se-yeast supplementation on gastrointestinal parasite load, 30 ewes per treatment group were drenched weekly with no Se, 4.9 mg Se/week as Se yeast (maximum FDA-allowed concentration), or supranutritional concentrations of Se yeast (14.7 and 24.5 mg Se/week) starting early fall for 85 weeks. Fecal samples were collected at weeks 63, 66, 78, and 84 and counted for total trichostrongyle-type eggs and Haemonchus contortus eggs (in samples with ≥200 trichostrongyle eggs/g feces). During breeding season (fall), ewes were kept on pasture; ewes receiving 24.5 mg Se/week had lower fecal trichostrongyle egg counts (93 ± 40 eggs/g feces) compared with ewes receiving no Se (537 ± 257 eggs/g feces; P = 0.007) or ewes receiving 4.9 mg Se/week as Se yeast (398 ± 208 eggs/g feces; P = 0.03). In winter, fecal trichostrongyle egg counts decreased, and group differences were not apparent. During lambing season (spring), ewes were kept in the barn and fecal trichostrongyle egg counts increased, although no group differences were observed. However, none of the ewes receiving supranutritional Se yeast, and with trichostrongyle egg counts ≥200 eggs/g of feces, but four of the ewes receiving lower Se dosages had H. contortus egg counts ≥1,000 eggs/g feces (P = 0.04). Our results suggest that supranutritional Se-yeast supplementation may enhance resistance to naturally occurring H. contortus gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Hooper
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Dryden Hall 206, Corvallis, OR, 97331-4802, USA
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