1
|
Thiagamani SMK, Yaswanth CV, Yashwanth C, Tran TMN, Krishnasamy S, Azhaguchamy M, Khan A, Hashem M, Fouad H. Characterization of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Jamun Seed) Particulate Fillers for Their Potential Use in Polymer Composites. Molecules 2024; 29:2618. [PMID: 38893494 PMCID: PMC11173751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Syzgium cumini (L.) Skeels powder (S. cumini powder), also known as Jamun, is well-known for its various medical and health benefits. It is especially recognized for its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. Thus, S. cumini powder is used in various industries, such as the food and cosmetic industries. In this work, the fruit of S. cumini was utilized; its seeds were extracted, dried, and ground into powder. The ground powders were subjected to various techniques such as physicochemical tests, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and antioxidant analysis. From the physicochemical tests, it was revealed that the jamun seed filler contained cellulose (43.28%), hemicellulose (19.88%), lignin (23.28%), pectin (12.58%), and wax (0.98%). The FTIR analysis supported these results. For instance, a peak at 2889 cm-1 was observed and associated with CH stretching, typically found in methyl and methylene groups, characteristic of cellulose and hemicellulose structures. The XRD results demonstrated that the crystallinity index of the jamun seed filler was 42.63%. The particle analysis indicated that the mean (average) particle size was 25.34 μm. This observation was ensured with SEM results. The EDX spectrum results showed the elemental composition of the fillers. Regarding thermal degradation, the jamun seed filler had the ability to withstand temperatures of up to 316.5 °C. Furthermore, endothermic and exothermic peaks were observed at 305 °C and 400 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of the powder displayed a peak scavenging activity of 91.4%. This comprehensive study not only underscores the viability of S. cumini powder as a sustainable and effective particulate filler in polymer composites but also demonstrates its potential to enhance the mechanical properties of composites, thereby offering significant implications for the development of eco-friendly materials in various industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chalasani Venkata Yaswanth
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaganti Yashwanth
- Department of Automobile Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanh Mai Nguyen Tran
- Department of Transportation Construction, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Nha Trang University, 02 Nguyen Dinh Chieu St., Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam;
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, Neelambur 641062, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Muthukumaran Azhaguchamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnankoil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Anish Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sathishkumar TP, Shah MA, Panchal H, Sharma K, Gopinath R, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, Rajesh Kumar L, Rampradheep GS. Characterization of new cellulose fiber extracted from second generation Bitter Albizia tree. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1693. [PMID: 38242914 PMCID: PMC10799074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work examines the physical, thermal tensile, and chemical properties of wood skin fibers obtained from second generation Bitter Albizia (BA) tree skin. Chemical characterization of BA fibers showed the presence of various chemical contents such as cellulose of 74.89 wt. %, hemicellulose of 14.50 wt. %, wax of 0.31 wt. %, lignin of 12.8 wt. %, moisture of 11.71 wt. %, and ash of 19.29 wt. %. The density of BA fibers (BAFs) was showed 1285 kg/m3. XRD analysis of BAFs showed a crystallinity index (CI) of 57.20% and size of crystallite of 1.68 nm. Tensile strength and strain to failure of BAFs examined through tensile test were 513-1226 MPa and 0.8-1.37% respectively. TGA portrayed the thermal steadiness of BAFs as 339 °C with 55.295 kJ/mol kinetic activation energy, its residual mass was 23.35% at 548 °C. BAFs with high CI, less wax content, and better tensile strength make more suitable for making polymer matrix composites. SEM images of the BAFs surface depicted that the fiber outer surface has more rough which shows that they can contribute to hige fiber-matrix adhesion during composites preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Sathishkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Mohd Asif Shah
- Bakhtar University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
- Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India.
| | - Hitesh Panchal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Engineering College patan, Katpur, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamal Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - R Gopinath
- Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering, Tindivanam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composite Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - L Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - G S Rampradheep
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Erode, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
da Cunha JDSC, Nascimento LFC, Costa UO, Bezerra WBA, Oliveira MS, Marques MDFV, Soares APS, Monteiro SN. Ballistic Behavior of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Amazon Titica Vine Fibers ( Heteropsis flexuosa) in Multilayered Armor System and as Stand-Alone Target. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3550. [PMID: 37688176 PMCID: PMC10490357 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeking to improve personal armor equipment by providing mobility and resistance to penetration, this research aimed to explore the potential of sustainable materials in order to assess their ability in ballistic applications. Titica vine fibers (TVFs) extracted from aerial roots of Heteropsis flexuosa from the Amazon region were incorporated at 10, 20, 30, and 40 vol% into an epoxy matrix for applications in ballistic multilayered armor systems (MASs) and stand-alone tests for personal protection against high-velocity 7.62 mm ammunition. The back-face signature (BFS) depth measured for composites with 20 and 40 vol% TVFs used as an intermediate layer in MASs was 25.6 and 32.5 mm, respectively, and below the maximum limit of 44 mm set by the international standard. Fracture mechanisms found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attested the relevance of increasing the fiber content for applications in MASs. The results of stand-alone tests showed that the control (0 vol%) and samples with 20 vol% TVFs absorbed the highest impact energy (Eabs) (212-176 J), and consequently displayed limit velocity (VL) values (213-194 m/s), when compared with 40 vol% fiber composites. However, the macroscopic evaluation found that, referring to the control samples, the plain epoxy shattered completely. In addition, for 10 and 20 vol% TVFs, the composites were fragmented or exhibited delamination fractures, which compromised their physical integrity. On the other hand, composites with 30 and 40 vol% TVFs, whose Eabs and VL varied between 166-130 J and 189-167 m/s, respectively, showed the best physical stability. The SEM images indicated that for composites with 10 and 20 vol% TVFs, the fracture mode was predominantly brittle due to the greater participation of the epoxy resin and the discrete action of the fibers, while for composites with 30 and 40 vol% TVFs, there was activation of more complex mechanisms such as pullout, shearing, and fiber rupture. These results indicate that the TVF composite has great potential for use in bulletproof vests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana dos Santos Carneiro da Cunha
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Lucio Fabio Cassiano Nascimento
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Ulisses Oliveira Costa
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Wendell Bruno Almeida Bezerra
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Michelle Souza Oliveira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| | - Maria de Fátima Vieira Marques
- Institute of Macromolecules Professor Eloisa Mano, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Horácio Macedo Av., 2.030, Bloco J, University City, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Senra Soares
- Department of Organic Processes, School of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, RJ, Brazil; (L.F.C.N.); (U.O.C.); (W.B.A.B.); (M.S.O.); (S.N.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma S, Asolekar SR, Thakur VK, Asokan P. Valorization of cellulosic fiber derived from waste biomass of constructed wetland as a potential reinforcement in polymeric composites: A technological approach to achieve circular economy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117850. [PMID: 37105106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study establishes the suitability of cellulosic fibers derived from Canna indica waste biomass for utilization as a reinforcement in natural fiber polymeric composites. The waste biomass was harvested from constructed wetlands engaged in the treatment of municipal wastewater from a gated community. The extracted Canna indica (CI) fibers were studied for their physicochemical, mechanical, structural, crystallographic, and thermal characteristics and proposed as a potential alternative to synthetic fiber. The CI fibers contained a relatively higher amount of cellulose (60 wt%) and a low wax fraction (0.5 wt%) - which is advantageous for its gainful utilization as a reinforcement. The CI fibers were thermally stable up to 237 °C and have an average fiber length, diameter, and density of 4.3 mm, 842 μm, and 0.75 g/cm3, respectively. The mean maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus were found to be 113 ± 6.82 MPa and 0.8 ± 7.91 GPa, respectively. The nano-indentation test displayed the nano hardness and modulus as 0.3 ± 0.6 GPa and 1.62 ± 0.2 GPa, respectively. The crystallographic properties of CI fibers consisted of an 87.45% crystallinity index and 3.2 nm crystallite size. The morphological attributes of CI fibers showed rough surfaces and shallow cavities on the surfaces of the fibers suggesting the suitability for its utilization as a reinforcement. It is argued that this technological approach can potentially achieve circular economy through valorization of Canna indica biomass harvested from natural wastewater treatment plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Sharma
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Shyam R Asolekar
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Centre, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - P Asokan
- Green Engineered Materials and Additive Manufacturing Department, CSIR-Advanced Materials and Processes, Research Institute (AMPRI), Bhopal, 462026, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elmoudnia H, Faria P, Jalal R, Waqif M, Saâdi L. Effectiveness of alkaline and hydrothermal treatments on cellulosic fibers extracted from the Moroccan Pennisetum Alopecuroides plant: Chemical and morphological characterization. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Sheeba KRJ, Priya RK, Arunachalam KP, Avudaiappan S, Maureira-Carsalade N, Roco-Videla Á. Characterisation of Sodium Acetate Treatment on Acacia pennata Natural Fibres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091996. [PMID: 37177144 PMCID: PMC10181136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study concerns the physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and thermal characterization of Acacia pennata, a natural and almost inexpensive fibre, as a potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The effect of treating the fibre with sodium acetate to increase its qualities has been seen through the use of thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical property tester, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to XRD analysis, the elimination of lignin and wax-like impurities resulted in an increase in the AP fibre's crystalline index (79.73%). The fibre's thermal stability was also discovered to be 365 °C. Tensile strength (557.58 MPa) and elongation at break both increased by 2.9% after treatment with sodium acetate. The surface nature and quality of AP fibres improved after sodium acetate treatment. It was confirmed by the reduction of chemical compositions (such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin). Given its density, the fibre can be suggested as a reinforcement in polymer composites for light-weight applications because its lightweight property will be more useful for composite manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kasirajan Rajam Jaya Sheeba
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Nagercoil 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Retnam Krishna Priya
- PG & Research Department of Physics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Nagercoil 627012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Prakash Arunachalam
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Nagercoil, Anna University, Kanyakumari 629004, India
| | - Siva Avudaiappan
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070409, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Excelencia para la Industria de la Madera (CENAMAD), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago 8330024, Chile
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai 600077, India
| | - Nelson Maureira-Carsalade
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
| | - Ángel Roco-Videla
- Facultad de Salud y Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de las Américas, Providencia, Santiago 7500975, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abebaw N, Baye B. Extraction and characterization of Hibiscus Macrantus bast fibers as a reinforcement material for composite application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Wu S, Zhang J, Li C, Wang F, Shi L, Tao M, Weng B, Yan B, Guo Y, Chen Y. Characterization of potential cellulose fiber from cattail fiber: A study on micro/nano structure and other properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:27-37. [PMID: 34687763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of the application prospects of cattail fibers (CFs) in natural composites, and other fields is important for the sustainable development of new, green, light-weight, functional biomass materials. In this study, the physical and chemical properties, micro/nano structure, and mechanical characteristics of CFs were investigated. The CFs have a low density (618.0 kg m-3). The results of transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing data indicated that the cattail trunk fiber (CTF) bundle is composed of parenchyma cells and solid stone cells, demonstrating high specific modulus (10.1 MPa∙m3·kg-1) and high elongation at break (3.9%). In turn, the cattail branch fiber (CBF) bundle is composed of parenchyma cells with specific "half-honeycomb" shape. The inner diaphragms divide these cells into the open cavities. This structural feature endows the CTF bundles with stable structure, good oil absorption and storage capacities. The chemical component and the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the CFs have higher lignin content (20.6%) and wax content (11.5%), which are conducive to the improvement of corrosion resistance, thermal stability and lipophilic-hydrophobic property of CF. Finally, the thermogravimetric analysis indicates that its final degradation temperature is 404.5 °C, which is beneficial to the increase in processability of CFs-reinforced composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wu
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chuangye Li
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuli Wang
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lanlan Shi
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengxue Tao
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Beibei Weng
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yong Guo
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Yuxia Chen
- College of Forest and Garden, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soma Sundaram Pillai R, Rajamoni R, Suyambulingam I, Rajamony Suthies Goldy I, Divakaran D. Synthesis and characterization of cost-effective industrial discarded natural ceramic particulates from Cymbopogon flexuosus plant shoot for potential polymer/metal matrix reinforcement. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
A Review on Green Composites Based on Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polybutylene Succinate (PBS). Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081200. [PMID: 33917740 PMCID: PMC8068185 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for utilization of environmentally friendly materials has emerged due to environmental pollution that is caused by non-biodegradable materials. The usage of non-biodegradable plastics has increased in the past decades in many industries, and, as a result, the generation of non-biodegradable plastic wastes has also increased. To solve the problem of non-biodegradable plastic wastes, there is need for fabrication of bio-based polymers to replace petroleum-based polymers and provide strategic plans to reduce the production cost of bioplastics. One of the emerging bioplastics in the market is poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and it has been the biopolymer of choice due to its biodegradability and environmental friendliness. However, there are some disadvantages associated with PBS such as high cost, low gas barrier properties, and softness. To lower the cost of PBS and enhance its properties, natural lignocellulosic fibers are incorporated into the PBS matrix, to form environmentally friendly composites. Natural fiber-based biocomposites have emerged as materials of interest in important industries such as packaging, automobile, and construction. The bonding between the PBS and natural fibers is weak, which is a major problem for advanced applications of this system. As a result, this review paper discusses various methods that are employed for surface modification of the Fibers The paper provides an in-depth discussion on the preparation, modification, and morphology of the natural fiber-reinforced polybutylene succinate biocomposites. Furthermore, because the preparation as well as the modification of the fiber-reinforced biocomposites have an influence on the mechanical properties of the biocomposites, mechanical properties of the biocomposites are also discussed. The applications of the natural fiber/PBS biocomposites for different systems are also reported.
Collapse
|
11
|
Characterization of a new natural fiber extracted from Corypha taliera fruit. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7622. [PMID: 33828142 PMCID: PMC8027030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study deals with the determination of new natural fibers extracted from the Corypha taliera fruit (CTF) and its characteristics were reported for the potential alternative of harmful synthetic fiber. The physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics were investigated for CTF fibers. X-ray diffraction and chemical composition characterization ensured a higher amount of cellulose (55.1 wt%) content and crystallinity (62.5%) in the CTF fiber. The FTIR analysis ensured the different functional groups of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin present in the fiber. The Scherrer's equation was used to determine crystallite size 1.45 nm. The mean diameter, specific density, and linear density of the CTF fiber were found (average) 131 μm, 0.86 g/cc, and 43 Tex, respectively. The maximum tensile strength was obtained 53.55 MPa for GL 20 mm and Young's modulus 572.21 MPa for GL 30 mm. The required energy at break was recorded during the tensile strength experiment from the tensile strength tester and the average values for GL 20 mm and GL 30 mm are 0.05381 J and 0.08968 J, respectively. The thermal analysis ensured the thermal sustainability of CTF fiber up to 230 °C. Entirely the aforementioned outcomes ensured that the new CTF fiber is the expected reinforcement to the fiber-reinforced composite materials.
Collapse
|
12
|
Characterization of potential cellulose fiber from Luffa vine: A study on physicochemical and structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2247-2257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Moshi AAM, Ravindran D, Bharathi SRS, Indran S, Saravanakumar SS, Liu Y. Characterization of a new cellulosic natural fiber extracted from the root of Ficus religiosa tree. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:212-221. [PMID: 31525413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Physical, chemical, thermal and crystalline properties of new natural fiber extracted from the root of Ficus Religiosa tree(FRRF) are reported in this study. The chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results ensured the presence of higher quantity of cellulose content (55.58 wt%) in the FRRF. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis is transported away to support the chemical groups present in the considered fibre. Thermal stability (325 °C), maximum degradation temperature (400 °C) and kinetic activation energy (68.02 kJ/mol.) of the FRRF areestablished by the thermo gravimetric analysis. The diameter (25.62 μm) and density (1246 kg/m3) of the FRRF have been found by the physical analysis. Scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) and Atomic force microscope analysis (AFM) outcomes revealed that FRRF has the relatively smoothest surface. Altogether the above outcomes proved that novel FRRF is the desirable reinforcement to fabricate the fiber reinforced composite materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Arul Marcel Moshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti 628 503, Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - D Ravindran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti 628 503, Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S R Sundara Bharathi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti 628 503, Tuticorin District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Indran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rohini College of Engineering & Technology, Palkulam, Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu 629 401, India
| | - S S Saravanakumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, PR China), Jilin University (Nanling Campus), Changchun 130022, PR China; Editorial Department of Journal of Bionic Engineering, Jilin University (Nanling Campus), Changchun 130022, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Characterization of raw and alkali treated new natural cellulosic fibres extracted from the aerial roots of banyan tree. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:573-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
15
|
Manikandan KM, Yelilarasi A, Senthamaraikannan P, Saravanakumar SS, Khan A, Asiri AM. A green-nanocomposite film based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/ Eleusine coracana: structural, thermal, and morphological properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2019.1567087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Manikandan
- Department of Physics, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Yelilarasi
- Department of Physics, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Senthamaraikannan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. S. Saravanakumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anish Khan
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manimaran P, Senthamaraikannan P, Sanjay M, Marichelvam M, Jawaid M. Study on characterization of Furcraea foetida new natural fiber as composite reinforcement for lightweight applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 181:650-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|