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Xu W, Zhang X, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Mu W. A review of fructosyl-transferases from catalytic characteristics and structural features to reaction mechanisms and product specificity. Food Chem 2024; 440:138250. [PMID: 38154282 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes are accountable for the synthesis and degradation of glycosidic bonds among diverse carbohydrates. Fructosyl-transferases represent a subclass of these enzymes, employing sucrose as a substrate to generate fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and fructan polymers. This category primarily includes levansucrase (LS, EC 2.4.1.10), inulosucrase (IS, EC 2.4.1.9), and β-fructofuranosidase (Ffase, EC 3.2.1.26). These three enzymes possess a similar five-bladed β-propeller fold and employ an anomer-retaining reaction mechanism mediated by nucleophiles, transition state stabilizers, and general acids/bases. However, they exhibit distinct product profiles, characterized by variations in linkage specificity and molecular mass distribution. Consequently, this article comprehensively explores recent advancements in the catalytic characteristics, structural features, reaction mechanisms, and product specificity of levansucrase, inulosucrase, and β-fructofuranosidase (abbreviated as LS, IS, and Ffase, respectively). Furthermore, it discusses the potential for modifying catalytic properties and product specificity through structure-based design, which enables the rational production of custom fructan and FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Ni D, Zhang S, Liu X, Zhu Y, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. Production, effects, and applications of fructans with various molecular weights. Food Chem 2024; 437:137895. [PMID: 37924765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Fructan, a widespread functional polysaccharide, has been used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and material production fields because of its versatile physicochemical properties and biological activities. Inulin from plants and levan from microorganisms are two of the most extensively studied fructans. Fructans from different plants or microorganisms have inconsistent molecular weights, and the molecular weight of fructan affects its properties, functions, and applications. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the production and application of fructans having various molecular weights, and biotechnological processes have been explored to produce tailor-made fructans from sucrose. This review encompasses the introduction of extraction, enzymatic transformation, and fermentation production processes for fructans with diverse molecular weights. Notably, it highlights the enzymes involved in fructan biosynthesis and underscores their physiological effects, with a special emphasis on their prebiotic properties. Moreover, the applications of fructans with varying molecular weights are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Weihai, Shandong 264333, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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3
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Sommanat N, Wangpaiboon K, Puangpathanachai M, Pongsawasdi P, Pichyangkura R. Improving the thermostability and modulating the inulin profile of inulosucrase through rational glycine-to-proline substitution. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2346-2353. [PMID: 38213970 PMCID: PMC10782431 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The flexibility of protein structure plays a crucial role in enzyme stability and catalysis. Among the amino acids, glycine is particularly important in conferring flexibility to proteins. In this study, the effects of flexible glycine residues in Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (LrInu) on stability and inulin profile were investigated through glycine-to-proline substitutions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to discover the flexible glycine residues, and eight glycine residues, including Gly217, Gly298, Gly330, Gly416, Gly450, Gly624, Gly627, Gly629, were selected for site-directed mutagenesis. The results demonstrated significant changes in both thermostability and inulin profiles of the variants. Particularly, the G624P and G627P variants showed reduced production of long-chain oligosaccharides compared to the WT. This can be ascribed to the increased rigidity of the active site, which is crucial for the induction-fit mechanism. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the role of flexible glycine residues in the activity, stability, and inulin synthesis of LrInu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawapat Sommanat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University Nakhon Pathom 73000 Thailand
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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4
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Astudillo-Melgar F, Hernández-Chávez G, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Bolívar F, Escalante A. Analysis of the Microbial Diversity and Population Dynamics during the Pulque Fermentation Process. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulque is the most-studied traditional Mexican alcoholic beverage prepared by fermentation of the fresh sap (aguamiel, AM) extracted from different Agave species (maguey) cultivated for pulque production. This beverage has been produced mainly in the Central Mexico Plateau since pre-Columbian times. In this contribution, we report the analysis of the bacterial and fungal diversity through 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 fragment amplicon and ITSR1 sequencing associated with the tissue of the walls (metzal) of the cavity or cajete, where the sap accumulates in producing plants for its daily extraction, in AM, and during four fermentation stages for pulque production. The results led to determining which microorganisms detected in the plant tissue are present in AM and maintained during the fermentation process. The results showed that eight bacterial OTUs (Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Weisella, Lactococcus, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, Zymomonas, and Obesumbacterium) and five fungal OTUs (Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, Saccharomyces, Hanseniaspora, and the OTU O_Saccharomycetales) were present from metzal to AM and during all the stages of the fermentation analyzed. The detected diversity was considered the microbial core for pulque fermentation, comprising up to ~84% of the total bacterial diversity and up to ~99.6% of the fungal diversity detected in the pulque produced from three plants of A. salmiana from the locality of Huitzilac, Morelos, Mexico. This study provides relevant information on the potential microorganisms responsible for pulque fermentation, demonstrating that the core of microorganisms is preserved throughout the elaboration process and their association with the AM and fermented beverage physiochemical profile.
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Beroigui O, El Ghadraoui L, Errachidi F. Production, purification, and characterization of inulinase from Streptomyces anulatus. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:427-438. [PMID: 36707409 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Inulinase is an enzyme that catalyzes inulin to d-fructose. This enzyme can be extracted from plants, but it is difficult to obtain it in large quantities, so its production cost is high. Therefore, microbial inulinase has great potential for industrial needs. In the last decade, there have been very few reports on actinobacterial inulinases, especially on purification and characterization of inulinase process extraction. This study aims to select actinomycetes that possess high inulinase activity from the soil. To screen inulinase-producing bacteria, modified Czapex-Dox agar supplemented with 1% inulin powder was used. The most effective isolate was Streptomyces sp. EFBO8, morphological and genotypic identification methods, confirmed that the strain is Streptomyces anulatus and that its nucleotide sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number OQ073700. To optimize inulinase production, kinetics were performed by using S. anulatus strain, which proved to be most productive with a value of 24,024 EU/mL. The enzyme was purified from the culture filtrate by precipitation with ammonium sulfate (NH4 )2 SO4 , followed by column chromatography Sephadex (G-50) separation. Purified protein has a molecular mass of 3331.83 Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumaima Beroigui
- Department of Biology, Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Lahsen El Ghadraoui
- Department of Biology, Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Department of Biology, Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
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Ni D, Zhang S, Kırtel O, Xu W, Chen Q, Öner ET, Mu W. Improving the Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of an Inulosucrase by Rational Engineering for the Biosynthesis of Microbial Inulin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13125-13134. [PMID: 34618455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermostability and enzymatic activity are two vital indexes determining the application of an enzyme on an industrial scale. A truncated inulosucrase, Laga-ISΔ138-702, from Lactobacillus gasseri showed high catalysis activity. To further enhance its thermostability and activity, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) and rational design based on the modeled structure were performed. Variants A446E, S482A, I614M, and A627S were identified with an improved denaturation temperature (Tm) of more than 1 °C. A combinational mutation method was further carried out to explore the synergistic promotion effects of single-point mutants. Additionally, 33 residues at the N-terminus were truncated to construct mutant M4N-33. The half-life of M4N-33 at 55 °C increased by 120 times compared to that of Laga-ISΔ138-702, and the relative activity of M4N-33 increased up to 152% at the optimal pH and temperature (pH 5.5 and 60 °C). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations illustrated the decreased b-factor of the surface loop of M4N-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Onur Kırtel
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- IBSB─Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group, Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Han J, Feng H, Wang X, Liu Z, Wu Z. Levan from Leuconostoc citreum BD1707: production optimization and changes in molecular weight distribution during cultivation. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:14. [PMID: 33541325 PMCID: PMC7863327 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-021-00673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levan is a well-known homopolymer of fructose composed predominantly of β-(2, 6) fructofuranosyl linkages in the backbone with occasional β-(2, 1) linkages in the branch chains with varied applications. However, high production cost due to low yield of microbial levan has become a bottleneck for its practical applications. Furthermore, factors affecting the molecular mass of the synthesized levan by Leuconostoc spp. during prolonged cultivation is not fully elucidated. Methods The cultivation condition for Leuconostoc citreum BD1707 to synthesize levan was optimized by single-factor experiments and subsequently with response surface methodology (RSM). The average molecular weight (Mw) of levan synthesized by the strain L.citreum BD1707 under the optimized cultivation conditions was monitored by high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Finally, the enzyme with levan-degrading activity was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results The levan yield of BD1707 reached 34.86 g/L with a corresponding productivity of 7.47 g/L/d under the optimal cultivation conditions deduced by RSM, i.e., cultivation at 26 °C and 200 rpm for 112 h in tomato juice supplemented with 172 g/L sucrose with an initial pH value of 6.12. The Mw of levan reached a peak value of 2.320 × 107 Da at 6 h of cultivation under the optimized cultivation conditions and then gradually decreased to 8.809 × 106 Da after 120 h of cultivation. Conclusion The levan yield of the strain L.citreum BD1707 could be sufficiently enhanced via cultivation condition optimization. The decrease in molecular mass of the synthesized levan was attributed predominantly to the hydrolytic activity of levansucrase secreted by L.citreum BD1707 during cultivation, with an estimated Mw of 130 KD by SDS-PAGE, while the effect of acid hydrolysis could be nearly neglected. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-021-00673-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Huafeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Research Institute of Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200436, China.
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8
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Peralta-García I, González-Muñoz F, Elena RAM, Sánchez-Flores A, López Munguía A. Evolution of Fructans in Aguamiel (Agave Sap) During the Plant Production Lifetime. Front Nutr 2020; 7:566950. [PMID: 33163505 PMCID: PMC7581979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.566950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aguamiel is the sap collected from agave, while pulque is the result of the natural fermentation of aguamiel. Despite its ancestral origin and numerous publications on pulque production, little is known about the evolution and concentration of sugars and fructo-oligosaccharides in aguamiel, either during its daily accumulation or through the agave production lifetime. In this study, we examined aguamiel composition in three agave plants during their productive lifetime (4 to 9 months). After each collection, the agave pine is scraped to induce aguamiel to flow into an internally created cavity (cajete), producing a residual bagasse (metzal). We found that the concentration of agave fructans and sucrose, as well as the fructan profile, change during the aguamiel production process. During the daily collection, a small amount of agave fructans released from the pine by scraping is drawn into the cajete with the first milliliters of sap where it is then diluted with the inflow of aguamiel. The main component of aguamiel is the sucrose produced in high concentration in the leaves through photosynthesis and then hydrolyzed in the cajete as aguamiel accumulates. We also describe how the fructan profile changes during the accumulation of aguamiel in the cajete. In addition to the varying amount of sucrose that is hydrolyzed in the aguamiel accumulated, we found that fructo-oligosaccharides are either diluted, consumed, or hydrolyzed, depending on the plant and its production stage, thus yielding different fructan profiles. New fructo-oligosaccharides are, in some cases, synthesized by bacteria present in aguamiel. These profiles were also observed in aguamiel collected from ten different plants in the same production region. We also found that a considerable amount of agave fructans is lost in metzal (bagasse), the agave material that is scraped and thrown away twice a day during the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Peralta-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Fernando González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Alegría María Elena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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9
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Punnatin P, Klaewkla M, Pramoj Na Ayutthaya P, Wangpaiboon K, Chunsrivirot S, Field RA, Pichyangkura R. Conserved Calcium-Binding Residues at the Ca-I Site Involved in Fructooligosaccharide Synthesis by Lactobacillus reuteri 121 Inulosucrase. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:28001-28011. [PMID: 33163783 PMCID: PMC7643167 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Inulosucrase is an enzyme that synthesizes inulin-type β-2,1-linked fructooligosaccharides (IFOS) from sucrose. Previous studies have shown that calcium is important for the activity and stability of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (LrInu). Here, mutational analyses of four conserved calcium-binding site I (Ca-I) residues of LrInu, Asp418, Gln449, Asn488, and Asp520 were performed. Alanine substitution for these residues not only reduced the stability and activity of LrInu, but also modulated the pattern of the IFOS produced. Circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that these mutations had limited impact on the overall conformation of the enzyme. One of Ca-I residues most critical for controlling LrInu-mediated polymerization of IFOS, Asp418, was also subjected to mutagenesis, generating D418E, D418H, D418L, D418N, D418S, and D418W. The activity of these mutants demonstrated that the IFOS chain length could be controlled by a single mutation at the Ca-I site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panachai Punnatin
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Methus Klaewkla
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Surasak Chunsrivirot
- Structural
and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Robert A. Field
- Department
of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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10
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Extracellular polysaccharides produced by bacteria of the Leuconostoc genus. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:161. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Vallejo-García LC, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, López Munguía A. Enzymatic Process Yielding a Diversity of Inulin-Type Microbial Fructooligosaccharides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10392-10400. [PMID: 31461615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The specificity of fructooligosaccharides as prebiotics depends on their size and structure, which in turn depend on their origin or the synthesis procedure. In this work we describe the application of an inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28 to produce high molecular weight inulin from sucrose alongside a commercial endoinulinase (Novozym 960) produced by Aspergillus niger for a simultaneous or sequential reaction to synthesize fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The simultaneous reaction resulted in a higher substrate conversion and a wide diversity of FOS when compared to the sequential reaction. A shotgun MS analysis of the commercial endoinulinase preparation surprisingly revealed an additional enzymatic activity: a fructosyltransferase, responsible for the synthesis of FOS from sucrose. Consequentially, the range of FOS obtained in reactions combining inulosucrase from Ln. citreum with the fructosyltransferase and endoinulinase from A. niger with sucrose as substrate may be extended and regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Cristina Vallejo-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería celular y Biocatálisis , Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa , 62420 Cuernavaca , México
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- Departamento de Ingeniería celular y Biocatálisis , Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa , 62420 Cuernavaca , México
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería celular y Biocatálisis , Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM , Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa , 62420 Cuernavaca , México
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12
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Preparation of Cross-Linked Enzyme Aggregates (CLEAs) of an Inulosucrase Mutant for the Enzymatic Synthesis of Inulin-Type Fructooligosaccharides. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9080641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides are well-known carbohydrate molecules that exhibit good probiotic activity and are widely used as sweeteners. Inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (IFOs) can be synthesized from sucrose using inulosucrase. In this study, cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 inulosucrase (R483A-LrInu) were prepared and used as a biocatalyst for IFOs production. Under optimum conditions, R483A-LrInu CLEAs retained 42% of original inulosucrase activity. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimum pH of inulosucrase changed from 5 to 4 after immobilization, while the optimum temperature was unchanged. Furthermore, the pH stability and thermostability of the R483A-LrInu CLEAs was significantly improved. IFOs product characterization indicated that the product specificity of the enzyme was impacted by CLEA generation, producing a narrower range of IFOs than the soluble enzyme. In addition, the R483A-LrInu CLEAs showed operational stability in the batch synthesis of IFOs.
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13
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Jiménez-Sánchez M, Pérez-Morales R, Goycoolea FM, Mueller M, Praznik W, Loeppert R, Bermúdez-Morales V, Zavala-Padilla G, Ayala M, Olvera C. Self-assembled high molecular weight inulin nanoparticles: Enzymatic synthesis, physicochemical and biological properties. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 215:160-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Ni D, Xu W, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Inulin and its enzymatic production by inulosucrase: Characteristics, structural features, molecular modifications and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:306-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Xu W, Ni D, Zhang W, Guang C, Zhang T, Mu W. Recent advances in Levansucrase and Inulosucrase: evolution, characteristics, and application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3630-3647. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1506421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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16
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Pickering emulsions co-stabilized by composite protein/ polysaccharide particle-particle interfaces: Impact on in vitro gastric stability. Food Hydrocoll 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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17
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Ni D, Zhu Y, Xu W, Bai Y, Zhang T, Mu W. Biosynthesis of inulin from sucrose using inulosucrase from Lactobacillus gasseri DSM 20604. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:1209-1218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Charoenwongpaiboon T, Wangpaiboon K, Pichyangkura R, Prousoontorn MH. Highly porous core–shell chitosan beads with superb immobilization efficiency forLactobacillus reuteri121 inulosucrase and production of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17008-17016. [PMID: 35540533 PMCID: PMC9080446 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inulosucrase immobilized on chitosan bead in core–shell format has proved to be an attractive biocatalyst for the synthesis of inulin-type fructooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
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Cuevas-Juárez E, Ávila-Fernández Á, López-Munguía A. Identification of enzymatic activities involved in agave fructan consumption by Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Ávila-Fernández Á, Cuevas-Juárez E, Rodríguez-Alegría M, Olvera C, López-Munguía A. Functional characterization of a novel β-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum
subsp. infantis
ATCC 15697 on structurally diverse fructans. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:263-76. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Á. Ávila-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación; DACS-Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; Tabasco México
| | - E. Cuevas-Juárez
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - M.E. Rodríguez-Alegría
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - C. Olvera
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
| | - A. López-Munguía
- Instituto de Biotecnología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Cuernavaca Morelos México
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21
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Han J, Xu X, Gao C, Liu Z, Wu Z. Levan-Producing Leuconostoc citreum Strain BD1707 and Its Growth in Tomato Juice Supplemented with Sucrose. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:1383-1390. [PMID: 26682858 PMCID: PMC4771333 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02944-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A levan-producing strain, BD1707, was isolated from Tibetan kefir and identified as Leuconostoc citreum. The effects of carbon sources on the growth of L. citreum BD1707 and levan production in tomato juice were measured. The changes in pH, viable cell count, sugar content, and levan yield in the cultured tomato juice supplemented with 15% (wt/vol) sucrose were also assayed. L. citreum BD1707 could synthesize more than 28 g/liter of levan in the tomato juice-sucrose medium when cultured at 30°C for 96 h. Based on the monosaccharide composition, molecular mass distribution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, the levan synthesized by L. citreum BD1707 was composed of a linear backbone consisting of consecutive β-(2→6) linked d-fructofuranosyl units, with an estimated average molecular mass of 4.3 × 10(6) Da.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
- Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Gao
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
- Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengjun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
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22
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Mensink MA, Frijlink HW, van der Voort Maarschalk K, Hinrichs WL. Inulin, a flexible oligosaccharide I: Review of its physicochemical characteristics. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:405-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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23
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Peña-Cardeña A, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Olvera C, Munguía AL. Synthesis of Fructooligosaccharides by IslA4, a truncated inulosucrase from Leuconostoc citreum. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:2. [PMID: 25887587 PMCID: PMC4331173 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IslA4 is a truncated single domain protein derived from the inulosucrase IslA, which is a multidomain fructosyltransferase produced by Leuconostoc citreum. IslA4 can synthesize high molecular weight inulin from sucrose, with a residual sucrose hydrolytic activity. IslA4 has been reported to retain the product specificity of the multidomain enzyme. Results Screening experiments to evaluate the influence of the reactions conditions, especially the sucrose and enzyme concentrations, on IslA4 product specificity revealed that high sucrose concentrations shifted the specificity of the reaction towards fructooligosaccharides (FOS) synthesis, which almost eliminated inulin synthesis and led to a considerable reduction in sucrose hydrolysis. Reactions with low IslA4 activity and a high sucrose activity allowed for high levels of FOS synthesis, where 70% sucrose was used for transfer reactions, with 65% corresponding to transfructosylation for the synthesis of FOS. Conclusions Domain truncation together with the selection of the appropriate reaction conditions resulted in the synthesis of various FOS, which were produced as the main transferase products of inulosucrase (IslA4). These results therefore demonstrate that bacterial fructosyltransferase could be used for the synthesis of inulin-type FOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlen Peña-Cardeña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México.
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México.
| | - Clarita Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México.
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, C.P. 62210, México.
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24
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Torres-Rodríguez I, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Miranda-Molina A, Giles-Gómez M, Conca Morales R, López-Munguía A, Bolívar F, Escalante A. Screening and characterization of extracellular polysaccharides produced by Leuconostoc kimchii isolated from traditional fermented pulque beverage. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:583. [PMID: 25332883 PMCID: PMC4194309 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We report the screening and characterization of EPS produced by LAB identified as Leuconostoc kimchii isolated from pulque, a traditional Mexican fermented, non-distilled alcoholic beverage produced by the fermentation of the sap extracted from several (Agave) maguey species. EPS-producing LAB constitutes an abundant bacterial group relative to total LAB present in sap and during fermentation, however, only two EPS-producing colony phenotypes (EPSA and EPSB, respectively) were detected and isolated concluding that despite the high number of polymer-producing LAB their phenotypic diversity is low. Scanning electron microcopy analysis during EPS-producing conditions revealed that both types of EPS form a uniform porous structure surrounding the bacterial cells. The structural characterization of the soluble and cell-associated EPS fractions of each polymer by enzymatic and acid hydrolysis, as by 1D- and 2D-NMR, showed that polymers produced by the soluble and cell-associated fractions of EPSA strain are dextrans consisting of a linear backbone of linked α-(1→6) Glcp in the main chain with α-(1→2) and α-(1→3)-linked branches. The polymer produced by the soluble fraction of EPSB strain was identified as a class 1 dextran with a linear backbone containing consecutive α-(1→6)-linked D-glucopyranosyl units with few α-(1→3)-linked branches, whereas the cell-associated EPS is a polymer mixture consisting of a levan composed of linear chains of (2→6)-linked β-D-fructofuranosyl residues with β-(2→6) connections, and a class 1 dextran. According to our knowledge this is the first report of dextrans and a levan including their structural characterization produced by L. kimchii isolated from a traditional fermented source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Torres-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
| | - María Elena Rodríguez-Alegría
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
| | - Alfonso Miranda-Molina
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
| | - Martha Giles-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F, Coyoacán, 04510 México
| | - Rodrigo Conca Morales
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F, Coyoacán, 04510 México
| | - Agustín López-Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
| | - Francisco Bolívar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
| | - Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Av. Universidad 2001. Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos, 62210 México
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25
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Anwar MA, Leemhuis H, Pijning T, Kralj S, Dijkstra BW, Dijkhuizen L. The role of conserved inulosucrase residues in the reaction and product specificity ofLactobacillus reuteriinulosucrase. FEBS J 2012; 279:3612-3621. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Olvera C, Centeno-Leija S, Ruiz-Leyva P, López-Munguía A. Design of chimeric levansucrases with improved transglycosylation activity. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:1820-5. [PMID: 22247149 PMCID: PMC3298123 DOI: 10.1128/aem.07222-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructansucrases (FSs), including levansucrases and inulosucrases, are enzymes that synthesize fructose polymers from sucrose by the direct transfer of the fructosyl moiety to a growing polymer chain. These enzymes, particularly the single domain fructansucrases, also possess an important hydrolytic activity, which may account for as much as 70 to 80% of substrate conversion, depending on reaction conditions. Here, we report the construction of four chimeric levansucrases from SacB, a single domain levansucrase produced by Bacillus subtilis. Based on observations derived from the effect of domain deletion in both multidomain fructansucrases and glucansucrases, we attached different extensions to SacB. These extensions included the transitional domain and complete C-terminal domain of Leuconostoc citreum inulosucrase (IslA), Leuconostoc mesenteroides levansucrase (LevC), and a L. mesenteroides glucansucrase (DsrP). It was found that in some cases the hydrolytic activity was reduced to less than 10% of substrate conversion; however, all of the constructs were as stable as SacB. This shift in enzyme specificity was observed even when the SacB catalytic domain was extended only with the transitional region found in multidomain FSs. Specific kinetic analysis revealed that this change in specificity of the SacB chimeric constructs was derived from a 5-fold increase in the transfructosylation k(cat) and not from a reduction of the hydrolytic k(cat), which remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarita Olvera
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Mena-Arizmendi A, Alderete J, Águila S, Marty A, Miranda-Molina A, López-Munguía A, Castillo E. Enzymatic fructosylation of aromatic and aliphatic alcohols by Bacillus subtilis levansucrase: Reactivity of acceptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rodríguez-Alegría ME, Enciso-Rodríguez A, Ortiz-Soto ME, Cassani J, Olvera C, Munguía AL. Fructooligosaccharide production by a truncatedLeuconostoc citreuminulosucrase mutant. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10242420903388819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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29
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Muñoz-Gutiérrez I, Rodríguez-Alegría ME, López Munguía A. Kinetic behaviour and specificity of β-fructosidases in the hydrolysis of plant and microbial fructans. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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The probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 produces high-molecular-mass inulin from sucrose by using an inulosucrase enzyme. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:3426-33. [PMID: 18408060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00377-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructansucrase enzymes polymerize the fructose moiety of sucrose into levan or inulin fructans, with beta(2-6) and beta(2-1) linkages, respectively. The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus johnsonii strain NCC 533 possesses a single fructansucrase gene (open reading frame AAS08734) annotated as a putative levansucrase precursor. However, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of the fructan product synthesized in situ revealed that this is of the inulin type. The ftf gene of L. johnsonii was cloned and expressed to elucidate its exact identity. The purified L. johnsonii protein was characterized as an inulosucrase enzyme, producing inulin from sucrose, as identified by (13)C NMR analysis. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the reaction products showed that InuJ synthesized, besides the inulin polymer, a broad range of fructose oligosaccharides. Maximum InuJ enzyme activity was observed in a pH range of 4.5 to 7.0, decreasing sharply at pH 7.5. InuJ exhibited the highest enzyme activity at 55 degrees C, with a drastic decrease at 60 degrees C. Calcium ions were found to have an important effect on enzyme activity and stability. Kinetic analysis showed that the transfructosylation reaction of the InuJ enzyme does not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The non-Michaelian behavior of InuJ may be attributed to the oligosaccharides that were initially formed in the reaction and which may act as better acceptors than the growing polymer chain. This is only the second example of the isolation and characterization of an inulosucrase enzyme and its inulin (oligosaccharide) product from a Lactobacillus strain. Furthermore, this is the first Lactobacillus strain shown to produce inulin polymer in situ.
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Del Moral S, Olvera C, Rodriguez ME, Munguia AL. Functional role of the additional domains in inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2008; 9:6. [PMID: 18237396 PMCID: PMC2270844 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-9-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28 belongs to a new subfamily of multidomain fructosyltransferases (FTFs), containing additional domains from glucosyltransferases. It is not known what the function of the additional domains in this subfamily is. Results Through construction of truncated versions we demonstrate that the acquired regions are involved in anchoring IslA to the cell wall; they also confer stability to the enzyme, generating a larger structure that affects its kinetic properties and reaction specificity, particularly the hydrolysis and transglycosylase ratio. The accessibility of larger molecules such as EDTA to the catalytic domain (where a Ca2+ binding site is located) is also affected as demonstrated by the requirement of 100 times higher EDTA concentrations to inactivate IslA with respect to the smallest truncated form. Conclusion The C-terminal domain may have been acquired to anchor inulosucrase to the cell surface. Furthermore, the acquired domains in IslA interact with the catalytic core resulting in a new conformation that renders the enzyme more stable and switch the specificity from a hydrolytic to a transglycosylase mechanism. Based on these results, chimeric constructions may become a strategy to stabilize and modulate biocatalysts based on FTF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Del Moral
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado postal 510-3, C, P, 62250, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Olvera C, Centeno-Leija S, López-Munguía A. Structural and functional features of fructansucrases present in Leuconostoc mesenteroides ATCC 8293. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2006; 92:11-20. [PMID: 17109058 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-006-9128-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 (equivalent to NRRL B-1118) were identified. Two glucansucrases and one fructansucrases were observed in batch culture while levC and levL genes, corresponding to two fructansucrases, were isolated from information obtained from the released draft sequence of this Leuconostoc strain genome and cloned in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were shown to be fructansucrases producing a polymer identified by NMR as levan, confirming our recent report stating that these are also mosaic levansucrases bearing structural features of glucansucrases in the amino and carboxy terminal regions, as is also the case of inulosucrase (IslA) from Leuconostoc citreum CW28 and levansucrase (LevS) from L. mesenteroides NRRL B-512F. The recombinant levansucrase LevC was purified and characterized in terms of pH, temperature, and kinetic properties. The enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties with a K(m) = 27.3 mM and a k(cat) = 282.9 s(-1). This levansucrase behaves mainly as a transferase as only 30% of the substrate is hydrolyzed in a wide range of sucrose concentrations, with higher hydrolytic activities at low substrate concentrations. With this report we experimentally confirm the unusual structural pattern displayed by fructansucrases present in Leuconostoc species that group as a novel sub family of fructansucrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarita Olvera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001 Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62250, Mexico
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