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El-Ghamrawy M, El-Gharbawi N, Shahin G, Abdelhady A, Sayed R, Diaa N, Bishai I. Combined tumor necrosis factor-α (-308 G/A) and tumor necrosis factor-β (+ 252 A/G) nucleotide polymorphisms and chronicity in Egyptian children with immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Hematol 2023; 117:856-862. [PMID: 36802017 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a common autoimmune disorder. Secretion of TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ plays a major role in the pathogenesis of ITP. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to detect TNF-α (-308 G/A) and TNF-β (+ 252 A/G) gene polymorphism in a cohort of Egyptian children with chronic ITP (cITP) to clarify their possible association with progression to chronic disease. METHODS The study included 80 Egyptian cITP patients and 100 unrelated age- and sex-matched controls. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS Patients with TNF-α homozygous (A/A) genotype had significantly higher mean age, longer disease duration and lower platelet counts (p values 0.005, 0.024 and 0.008, respectively). TNF-α wild (G/G) genotype was significantly more frequent among responders (p = 0.049). Complete response was more frequent among wild (A/A) TNF-β genotype patients (p = 0.011), and platelet count was significantly lower among homozygous (G/G) genotype (p = 0.018) patients. Combined polymorphisms were strongly associated with susceptibility to chronic ITP. CONCLUSION Homozygosity in either gene might contribute to a worse course of disease, increased severity and poor response to therapy. Patients expressing combined polymorphisms are more prone to progression to chronic disease, severe thrombocytopenia and longer disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Ghamrawy
- Pediatric Hematology & BMT Unit, Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nesrine El-Gharbawi
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gehan Shahin
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Abdelhady
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Sayed
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Diaa
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Irene Bishai
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Lopes-Pires ME, Frade-Guanaes JO, Quinlan GJ. Clotting Dysfunction in Sepsis: A Role for ROS and Potential for Therapeutic Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 35052592 PMCID: PMC8773140 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is regarded as one of the main causes of death among the critically ill. Pathogen infection results in a host-mediated pro-inflammatory response to fight infection; as part of this response, significant endogenous reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS) production occurs, instigated by a variety of sources, including activated inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils, platelets, and cells from the vascular endothelium. Inflammation can become an inappropriate self-sustaining and expansive process, resulting in sepsis. Patients with sepsis often exhibit loss of aspects of normal vascular homeostatic control, resulting in abnormal coagulation events and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Diagnosis and treatment of sepsis remain a significant challenge for healthcare providers globally. Targeting the drivers of excessive oxidative/nitrosative stress using antioxidant treatments might be a therapeutic option. This review focuses on the association between excessive oxidative/nitrosative stress, a common feature in sepsis, and loss of homeostatic control at the level of the vasculature. The literature relating to potential antioxidants is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Lopes-Pires
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | | | - Gregory J. Quinlan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
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Increased proportion of Th17/Treg cells at the new diagnosed stage of chronic immune thrombocytopenia in pediatrics: the pilot study from a multi-center. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:3411-3417. [PMID: 34046719 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04121-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) is an autoimmune disease with many immune dysfunctions, including T helper type 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Tregs) imbalance. Low quality of life and side effects of drugs are severe, especially in pediatrics. This study aimed to determine Th17/Treg polarization in pediatric CITP when first diagnosing ITP and evaluate its use as a predictive marker for pediatric CITP. This was a pilot study from a multi-center. Setting the effective data size to 100 patients, data entry ended in the 142nd patient who had completed a 1-year follow-up. The percentages of Treg cells and Th17 cells were quantified by flow cytometry when new diagnosed ITP patients first arrived. The association between the Th17/Treg ratio and CITP was analyzed statistically. The percentages of Treg cells and Th17 cells were lower (P = 0.0008) and higher (P = 0.0001), respectively, in the CITP-outcome group compared with the remission group. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of Treg and Th17 cells was 0.811 and 0.834, respectively. The ratio of Th17/Treg exhibited the largest AUC of 0.897 (cutoff value 0.076).Conclusions: Thus, the percentage of Th17 /Treg ratio of pediatric CITP is elevated at new diagnosed ITP stage. It is a promising predictive marker for the development of CITP to some extent.Trial registration: ChiCTR1900022419 (10th April 2019) What is Known: • The percentage of Th17 /Treg ratio of pediatric CITP is elevated. What is New: • This study shows that the percentage of Th17 /Treg ratio of pediatric CITP is elevated at new diagnosed ITP stage. This work may provide a new point for pediatric CITP's prediction. The imbalanced ratio of Th17/Treg was obvious when first diagnose ITP in pediatric CITP patients, rendering them as potential predictive tools for discriminating CITP to facilitate with the management of pediatric patient care. In addition, the combination of them may serve as a predictive marker in pediatric CITP.
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Increased Proportion of Dual-Positive Th2-Th17 Cells Promotes a More Severe Subtype of Asthma. Can Respir J 2021; 2021:9999122. [PMID: 34394777 PMCID: PMC8363460 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9999122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease, and abnormal activation of T cells is the driving link of asthma's pathophysiological changes. Dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells, as newly discovered T-helper cells, have the functions of Th2 and Th17 cells and can coproduce Th2 and Th17 cytokines. Previous studies have shown that dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells increase the chances of asthma and correlate with asthma severity. However, the exact role of dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells in asthma is not known. Since there is no mature differentiation method for dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells, the present study aimed to clarify the strict differentiation conditions and reveal how dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells regulate asthma phenotypes. In this study, we confirmed that IL-1β, IL-6, anti-IFN-γ, and IL-21 promoted biphenotypic cell differentiation. Moreover, more proportion of dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells can be obtained by conditioned differentiation of mouse CD4+ T cells after classical allergic asthma modeling. Before asthma modeling, adoptive dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells promoted T cells to differentiate into the same biphenotype cells and exacerbated the severity of asthma. Together, our results clarify the differentiation conditions of dual-positive Th2–Th17 cells and further confirm that it stimulates asthma T cells to differentiate into the same biphenotype cells, leading to exacerbation of asthma.
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Krieger MS, Moreau JM, Zhang H, Chien M, Zehnder JL, Craig M. A Blueprint for Identifying Phenotypes and Drug Targets in Complex Disorders with Empirical Dynamics. PATTERNS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 1:100138. [PMID: 33336196 PMCID: PMC7733879 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A central challenge in medicine is translating from observational understanding to mechanistic understanding, where some observations are recognized as causes for the others. This can lead not only to new treatments and understanding, but also to recognition of novel phenotypes. Here, we apply a collection of mathematical techniques (empirical dynamics), which infer mechanistic networks in a model-free manner from longitudinal data, to hematopoiesis. Our study consists of three subjects with markers for cyclic thrombocytopenia, in which multiple cells and proteins undergo abnormal oscillations. One subject has atypical markers and may represent a rare phenotype. Our analyses support this contention, and also lend new evidence to a theory for the cause of this disorder. Simulations of an intervention yield encouraging results, even when applied to patient data outside our three subjects. These successes suggest that this blueprint has broader applicability in understanding and treating complex disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S. Krieger
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua M. Moreau
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - May Chien
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James L. Zehnder
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Morgan Craig
- Département de Mathématiques et de Statistique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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Liu WB, Li S, Yu XL, Dai TY, Gao RL. Research Progress on Chinese Medicine Immunomodulatory Intervention for Chronic Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: Targeting Cellular Immunity. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:483-489. [PMID: 31278626 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic primary immune thrombocytopenia (CITP) is the most common acquired autoimmune disease that seriously threaten the physical and mental health of patients. Compared with Western medicine treatment, the intervention and treatment of Chinese medicine (CM) has shown certain therapeutic advantages. This paper reviewed the new pathogenesis progress on T cell immune abnormality in CITP, and CM studies on interferes effects of cellular immune regulation of CITP in recent years. Qi deficiency failing to control blood and internal obstruction of blood stasis are the two common types of CM syndromes in CITP patients, the corresponding treatments include invigorating Pi (Spleen), supplementing qi, activating blood, as well as tonifying qi and activating yang, regulating Gan (Liver) to invigorate Pi. The authors also mentioned the problems in the research field of CM for CTIP treatment, and put forward new ideas for the research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Sai Li
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Yu
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tie-Ying Dai
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Rui-Lan Gao
- Institute of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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