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Rothammer B, Wolf A, Winkler A, Schulte-Hubbert F, Bartz M, Wartzack S, Miehling J, Marian M. Subject-specific tribo-contact conditions in total knee replacements: a simulation framework across scales. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023:10.1007/s10237-023-01726-1. [PMID: 37210464 PMCID: PMC10366315 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental knowledge about in vivo kinematics and contact conditions at the articulating interfaces of total knee replacements are essential for predicting and optimizing their behavior and durability. However, the prevailing motions and contact stresses in total knee replacements cannot be precisely determined using conventional in vivo measurement methods. In silico modeling, in turn, allows for a prediction of the loads, velocities, deformations, stress, and lubrication conditions across the scales during gait. Within the scope of this paper, we therefore combine musculoskeletal modeling with tribo-contact modeling. In the first step, we compute contact forces and sliding velocities by means of inverse dynamics approach and force-dependent kinematic solver based upon experimental gait data, revealing contact forces during healthy/physiological gait of young subjects. In a second step, the derived data are employed as input data for an elastohydrodynamic model based upon the finite element method full-system approach taking into account elastic deformation, the synovial fluid's hydrodynamics as well as mixed lubrication to predict and discuss the subject-specific pressure and lubrication conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Rothammer
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Wolf
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkler
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Schulte-Hubbert
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcel Bartz
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sandro Wartzack
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Miehling
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Marian
- Department of Mechanical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Butt H, Nissim L, Gao L, Myant C, Boer G, Hewson R. Transient mixed lubrication model of the human knee implant. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Butt
- Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London London UK
| | - Lee Nissim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Leiming Gao
- Department of Engineering Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
| | - Connor Myant
- Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College London London UK
| | - Greg Boer
- School of Mechanical Engineering University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Robert Hewson
- Department of Aeronautics Imperial College London London UK
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Rothammer B, Marian M, Neusser K, Bartz M, Böhm T, Krauß S, Schroeder S, Uhler M, Thiele S, Merle B, Kretzer JP, Wartzack S. Amorphous Carbon Coatings for Total Knee Replacements-Part II: Tribological Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1880. [PMID: 34198895 PMCID: PMC8201056 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond-like carbon coatings may decrease implant wear, therefore, they are helping to reduce aseptic loosening and increase service life of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). This two-part study addresses the development of such coatings for ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) tibial inlays as well as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCr) and titanium (Ti64) alloy femoral components. While the deposition of a pure (a-C:H) and tungsten-doped hydrogen-containing amorphous carbon coating (a-C:H:W) as well as the detailed characterization of mechanical and adhesion properties were the subject of Part I, the tribological behavior is studied in Part II. Pin-on-disk tests are performed under artificial synovial fluid lubrication. Numerical elastohydrodynamic lubrication modeling is used to show the representability of contact conditions for TKAs and to assess the influence of coatings on lubrication conditions. The wear behavior is characterized by means of light and laser scanning microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and particle analyses. Although the coating leads to an increase in friction due to the considerably higher roughness, especially the UHMWPE wear is significantly reduced up to a factor of 49% (CoCr) and 77% (Ti64). Thereby, the coating shows continuous wear and no sudden failure or spallation of larger wear particles. This demonstrated the great potential of amorphous carbon coatings for knee replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Rothammer
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.N.); (M.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Max Marian
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.N.); (M.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Kevin Neusser
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.N.); (M.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Marcel Bartz
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.N.); (M.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Thomas Böhm
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (T.B.); (S.T.)
| | - Sebastian Krauß
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF) Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Stefan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.U.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Maximilian Uhler
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.U.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Simon Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy, Cauerstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (T.B.); (S.T.)
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benoit Merle
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Interdisciplinary Center for Nanostructured Films (IZNF) Institute I, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.); (B.M.)
| | - Jan Philippe Kretzer
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Implant Research, Clinic for Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstr. 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (S.S.); (M.U.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Sandro Wartzack
- Engineering Design, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 9, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (K.N.); (M.B.); (S.W.)
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Nečas D, Sadecká K, Vrbka M, Galandáková A, Wimmer MA, Gallo J, Hartl M. The effect of albumin and γ-globulin on synovial fluid lubrication: Implication for knee joint replacements. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 113:104117. [PMID: 33065468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty has become a routine procedure for patients suffering from joint diseases. Although the number of operations continuously increases, a limited service-life of implants represents a persisting challenge for scientists. Understanding of lubrication may help to suitably explain tribological processes on the way to replacements that become durable well into the third decade of service. The aim of the present study is to assess the formation of protein lubricating film in the knee implant. A developed knee simulator was used to observe the contact of real femoral and transparent polymer tibial component using fluorescent microscopy. The contact was lubricated by various protein solutions with attention to the behaviour of albumin and γ-globulin. In order to suitably mimic a human synovial fluid, hyaluronic acid and phospholipids were subsequently added to the solutions. Further, the change in shape and the migration of the contact zone were studied. The results showed considerable appearance differences of the contact over the swing phase of the simplified gait cycle. Regarding film formation, a strong interaction of the various molecules of synovial fluid was observed. It was found that the thickness of the lubricating layer stabilizes within around 50 s. Throughout the contact zone, protein agglomerations were present and could be clearly visualised using the applied optical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nečas
- Dept of Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic.
| | - K Sadecká
- Dept of Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
| | - M Vrbka
- Dept of Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
| | - A Galandáková
- Dept of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M A Wimmer
- Dept of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Gallo
- Dept of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Hartl
- Dept of Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
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Weiss BA, Bou-Saïd B, Ubal S, Di Paolo J. The Phan-Thien and Tanner Model Applied to the Lubrication of Knee Prostheses. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2727823. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4043032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to provide a contribution to determine a proper model for the study of fluid film lubrication for the reduction of knee prostheses failure due to polyethylene wear. The Phan-Thien and Tanner (PTT) rheological law and the elastic deformation of the articular surfaces were considered in this modeling. The governing equations were solved numerically for different geometries and different Weissenberg numbers. The lubrication approximation applied to the PTT rheological law leads to an expression for the apparent viscosity similar to the Cross model. The results attest the importance of considering the non-Newtonian behavior of the synovial fluid, the elastic deformation, and the geometrical features of the prostheses to obtain quantitative information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda A. Weiss
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CONICET, GBC-FI, Ruta Prov. 11, km 10, Oro Verde C.P. 3100, Argentina e-mail:
| | - Benyebka Bou-Saïd
- Fellow ASME Université de Lyon, CNRS INSA-Lyon, LaMCoS, UMR5259, Lyon F-69621, France e-mail:
| | - Sebastián Ubal
- Grupo Biomecánica Computacional, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde 3100, Argentina and IBB, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CONICET, Ruta Prov. 11, km 10, Oro Verde C.P. 3100, Argentina e-mail:
| | - José Di Paolo
- Grupo Biomecánica Computacional, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta Prov. 11 km 10, Oro Verde C.P. 3100, Argentina e-mail:
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Nečas D, Sadecká K, Vrbka M, Gallo J, Galandáková A, Křupka I, Hartl M. Observation of lubrication mechanisms in knee replacement: A pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotri.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Garcia-Garcia AL, Alvarez-Vera M, Montoya-Santiyanes LA, Dominguez-Lopez I, Montes-Seguedo JL, Sosa-Savedra JC, Barceinas-Sanchez JDO. Regression models to predict the behavior of the coefficient of friction of AISI 316L on UHMWPE under ISO 14243-3 conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 82:248-256. [PMID: 29627736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Friction is the natural response of all tribosystems. In a total knee replacement (TKR) prosthetic device, its measurement is hindered by the complex geometry of its integrating parts and that of the testing simulation rig operating under the ISO 14243-3:2014 standard. To develop prediction models of the coefficient of friction (COF) between AISI 316L steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) lubricated with fetal bovine serum dilutions, the arthrokinematics and loading conditions prescribed by the ISO 142433: 2014 standard were translated to a simpler geometrical setup, via Hertz contact theory. Tribological testing proceeded by loading a stainless steel AISI 316L ball against the surface of a UHMWPE disk, with the test fluid at 37 °C. The method has been applied to study the behavior of the COF during a whole walking cycle. On the other hand, the role of protein aggregation phenomena as a lubrication mechanism has been extensively studied in hip joint replacements but little explored for the operating conditions of a TKR. Lubricant testing fluids were prepared with fetal bovine serum (FBS) dilutions having protein mass concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 36 g/L. The results were contrasted against deionized, sterilized water. The results indicate that even at protein concentration as low as 5 g/L, protein aggregation phenomena play an important role in the lubrication of the metal-on-polymer tribopair. The regression models of the COF developed herein are available for numerical simulations of the tribological behavior of the aforementioned tribosystem. In this case, surface stress rather than film thickness should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Garcia-Garcia
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - M Alvarez-Vera
- Corporación Mexicana de Investigación en Materiales, S.A. de C.V., Ciencia y Tecnología N° 709, Col. Saltillo 400, C.P. 25290 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - L A Montoya-Santiyanes
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - I Dominguez-Lopez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - J L Montes-Seguedo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - J C Sosa-Savedra
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - J D O Barceinas-Sanchez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Unidad Querétaro, Cerro Blanco No. 141, 76090 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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