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Marques D, Moura-Louro D, Silva IP, Matos S, Santos CND, Figueira I. Unlocking the potential of low-molecular-weight (Poly)phenol metabolites: Protectors at the blood-brain barrier frontier. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105836. [PMID: 39151552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are an increasing group of chronic and progressive neurological disorders that ultimately lead to neuronal cell failure and death. Despite all efforts throughout decades, their burden on individuals and society still casts one of the most massive socioeconomic problems worldwide. The neuronal failure observed in NDDs results from an intricacy of events, mirroring disease complexity, ranging from protein aggregation, oxidative stress, (neuro)inflammation, and even blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, ultimately leading to cognitive and motor symptoms in patients. As a result of such complex pathobiology, to date, there are still no effective treatments to treat/halt NDDs progression. Fortunately, interest in the bioavailable low molecular weight (LMW) phenolic metabolites derived from the metabolism of dietary (poly)phenols has been rising due to their multitargeted potential in attenuating multiple NDDs hallmarks. Even if not highly BBB permeant, their relatively high concentrations in the bloodstream arising from the intake of (poly)phenol-rich diets make them ideal candidates to act within the vasculature and particularly at the level of BBB. In this review, we highlight the most recent - though still scarce - studies demonstrating LMW phenolic metabolites' ability to modulate BBB homeostasis, including the improvement of tight and adherens junctional proteins, as well as their power to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and oxidative stress levels in vitro and in vivo. Specific BBB-permeant LMW phenolic metabolites, such as simple phenolic sulfates, have been emerging as strong BBB properties boosters, pleiotropic compounds capable of improving cell fitness under oxidative and pro-inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, further studies should be pursued to obtain a holistic overview of the promising role of LMW phenolic metabolites in NDDs prevention and management to fully harness their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marques
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo Moura-Louro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês P Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Matos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Oeiras, Portugal; iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Avenida da República, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Seelarbokus BA, Menozzi E, Schapira AHV, Kalea AZ, Macnaughtan J. Mediterranean Diet Adherence, Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:2181. [PMID: 39064625 PMCID: PMC11280252 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence to suggest that high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may reduce the risk of age-related diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, evidence for the role of the MedDiet in the relief of motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with PD remains limited and inconclusive. We provide a systematic review of the effects of the MedDiet on the clinical features of PD using data from randomised controlled trials (RCT) and prospective observational studies. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMCare, EMBASE, Scopus and PubMed from inception until June 2023. Reference lists and the grey literature were also searched. Human studies with no restriction on language or publication date, examining associations between MedDiet adherence and the symptoms of PD, were included. We employed standard methodological procedures for data extraction and evidence synthesis and used the Quality Criteria Checklist for assessing the studies included. RESULTS Four studies from three unique cohorts, including two observational studies (n = 1213) and one RCT (n = 70), met the inclusion criteria. Despite the short study duration reported in all included reports, high MedDiet adherence was associated with changes in the gut microbiota (e.g., increased abundance of short-chain fatty acids producers). These outcomes correlated with a significant improvement in several non-motor symptoms including cognitive dysfunction, dyspepsia and constipation. However, there were no significant changes in diarrhoea, gastrointestinal reflux, abdominal pain and motor symptoms. CONCLUSION High MedDiet adherence may be associated with significant improvement in global cognition and several gastrointestinal symptoms, possibly associated to changes in gut microbiota composition. Further studies are warranted to clarify potential cause-and-effect relationships and to elucidate MedDiet impact on motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Aliya Seelarbokus
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK; (B.A.S.); (A.H.V.S.)
| | - Elisa Menozzi
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK; (B.A.S.); (A.H.V.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anthony H. V. Schapira
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK; (B.A.S.); (A.H.V.S.)
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6JF, UK; (B.A.S.); (A.H.V.S.)
| | - Jane Macnaughtan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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Yoon HJ, Kang W, Jo S, Hwang YS, Lee JH, Chung SJ, Park YK. Dietary quality and the gut microbiome in early-stage Parkinson's disease patients. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:761-769. [PMID: 37711026 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2253025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) has increased steadily with the increase of the elderly population. PD may influence dietary intake and quality, and the gut microbiome composition. The present study examined differences in dietary intake and quality between PD patients and controls according to sex. In addition, we assessed the gut microbiome composition. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at A Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. PD severity, swallowing function, olfactory function, and constipation status were examined by a skilled nurse. Dietary data were collected through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Stool samples were subjected to microbiome analysis. To examine dietary quality, the Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ), Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were used. An independent t-test was used to determine differences between patients and controls. A chi-square test was used to examine frequency differences. RESULTS Dietary intake did not differ between the PD patient and control groups. Regarding dietary quality, the patients consumed more saturated fat compared to controls. Overall, the dietary differences between the groups were minor. The composition of the gut microbiome differed between PD patients and controls. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genus were most abundant in PD patients. Prevotella VZCB and other Faecalibacterium were most abundant in controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that PD patients may experience gut microbiome change even in the early stage, while nutritional needs can be met when a balanced diet including various food groups are consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Yoon
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Woorim Kang
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Drug Development, Development center, CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungyang Jo
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Su Hwang
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je Hee Lee
- Department of Drug Development, Development center, CJ Bioscience Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- Department of Medical Nutrition (AgeTech-Service Convergence Major), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Shokri-Mashhadi N, Ghiasvand R, Feizi A, Ebrahimi-Monfared M, Vahid F, Banijamali A. Association between major dietary patterns and Parkinson's disease risk: a case-control study. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2003-2010. [PMID: 37993683 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been emerging attention to investigate the possible role of some dietary factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, evidence about the relationship between dietary components and the risk of PD is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the association between major dietary patterns and the risk of PD. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 105 patients with newly diagnosed PD and 215 healthy controls. Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease was made based on the UK Brain Bank criteria. Usual dietary intakes were collected by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were detected by principal component analysis. RESULTS Four dietary patterns, including traditional, healthy, western, and light dietary patterns, were identified. After considering all potential confounders, individuals with the highest tertile of traditional dietary pattern scores had a lower risk of PD than those with the lowest tertile (OR: 0.002; 95% CI: 0.000-0.016). A similar inverse association between the healthy pattern (OR: 0.314; 95% CI: 0.131-0.750) and light pattern (OR: 0.282; 95% CI: 0.121-0.654) and risk of PD was revealed. In contrast, adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with PD incidence (OR: 7.26; 95% CI: 2.76-19.09). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that adherence to western dietary pattern could increase the risk of PD by approximately seven times. However, the traditional, healthy, and light dietary patterns had an inverse relationship with PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Vahid
- Nutrition and Health Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Akram Banijamali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Flanagan R, Rusch C, Lithander FE, Subramanian I. The missing piece of the puzzle - The key role of the dietitian in the management of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:106021. [PMID: 38326170 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The current paradigm for the multidisciplinary management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) does not include regular nutritional assessment despite research showing that 90 % of people living with Parkinson's (PwP) lack access to basic dietetic services. Since many non-motor symptoms such as dysphagia, constipation and orthostatic hypotension and PD complications such as weight loss and sarcopenia can be improved through dietary intervention, dietitians are a critical missing piece of the PD management puzzle. This paper serves to review the role of dietitians and medical nutrition therapy in management of PD as well as a call to action for future studies to investigate improvement of nutritional status and quality of life for all PwP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carley Rusch
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Indu Subramanian
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ahern J, Boyle ME, Thompson WK, Fan CC, Loughnan R. Dietary and Lifestyle Factors of Brain Iron Accumulation and Parkinson's Disease Risk. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.13.24304253. [PMID: 38559115 PMCID: PMC10980125 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.24304253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Iron is an essential nutrient which can only be absorbed through an individual's diet. Excess iron accumulates in organs throughout the body including the brain. Iron dysregulation in the brain is commonly associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Our previous research has shown that a pattern of iron accumulation in motor regions of the brain related to a genetic iron-storage disorder called hemochromatosis is associated with an increased risk of PD. To understand how diet and lifestyle factors relate to this brain endophenotype and risk of PD we analyzed the relationship between these measures, estimates of nutrient intake, and diet and lifestyle preference using data from UK Biobank. Methods Using distinct imaging and non-imaging samples (20,477 to 28,388 and 132,023 to 150,603 participants, respectively), we performed linear and logistic regression analyses using estimated dietary nutrient intake and food preferences to predict a) brain iron accumulation score (derived from T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and b) PD risk. In addition, we performed a factor analysis of diet and lifestyle preferences to investigate if latent lifestyle factors explained significant associations. Finally, we performed an instrumental variable regression of our results related to iron accumulation and PD risk to identify if there were common dietary and lifestyle factors that were jointly associated with differences in brain iron accumulation and PD risk. Results We found multiple highly significant associations with measures of brain iron accumulation and preferences for alcohol (factor 7: t=4.02, pFDR=0.0003), exercise (factor 11: t=-4.31, pFDR=0.0001), and high-sugar foods (factor 2: t=-3.73, pFDR=0.0007). Preference for alcohol (factor 7: t=-5.83, pFDR<1×10-8), exercise (factor 11: t=-7.66, pFDR<1×10-13), and high sugar foods (factor 2: t=6.03, pFDR<1×10-8) were also associated with PD risk. Instrumental variable regression of individual preferences revealed a significant relationship in which dietary preferences associated with higher brain iron levels also appeared to be linked to a lower risk for PD (p=0.004). A similar relationship was observed for estimates of nutrient intake (p=0.0006). Voxel-wise analysis of i) high-sugar and ii) alcohol factors confirmed T2-weighted signal differences consistent with iron accumulation patterns in motor regions of the brain including the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Conclusion Dietary and lifestyle factors and preferences, especially those related to carbohydrates, alcohol, and exercise, are related to detectable differences in brain iron accumulation and alterations in risk of PD, suggesting a potential avenue for lifestyle interventions that could influence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ahern
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
| | - Mary Et Boyle
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wesley K Thompson
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
| | - Chun Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert Loughnan
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Human Development, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92161, USA
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK 74103, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9444 Medical Center Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Visser AE, de Vries NM, Richard E, Bloem BR. Tackling vascular risk factors as a possible disease modifying intervention in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:50. [PMID: 38431725 PMCID: PMC10908840 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Visser
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke M de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Edwards D, Krishnan B, Jalal M. A case report of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in a patient with Parkinson's disease: A coincidence or is there more to it than meets the eye? J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2024; 54:38-40. [PMID: 38396339 DOI: 10.1177/14782715241234078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is an under-diagnosed condition. Untreated PEI can result in developing gastrointestinal symptoms and long-term complications including weight loss, nutrient deficiencies, sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Current best practice recommends testing for PEI in certain disorders including chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer and post-pancreatic surgery. However, there is increasing evidence that PEI is associated with a number of conditions in addition to the aforementioned diseases. These 'at-risk' conditions are a heterogeneous group of diseases, for example, diabetes mellitus, people living with human immunodeficiency virus, high alcohol intake, and coeliac disease. The pathophysiology of some of 'at-risk' conditions is becoming increasingly recognised; therefore, the list of associated conditions are in evolving process. We present a case of a 60-year-old male with Parkinson's disease and persistent abdominal pain who was found to have low faecal elastase levels indicative of severe PEI. His past medical history included none of the known risk factors for PEI. After examining the literature, we report a similar pathophysiological process underlying the development of pancreatitis and Parkinson's disease which is dysfunction of the Unfolded Protein Response. We suggest further research to assess the prevalence of PEI in the population of patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Edwards
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Babu Krishnan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Mustafa Jalal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
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Chauhan P, Pandey P, Khan F, Maqsood R. Insights on the Correlation between Mitochondrial Dysfunction and the Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1007-1014. [PMID: 37867265 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303249690231006114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The aetiology of a progressive neuronal Parkinson's disease has been discussed in several studies. However, due to the multiple risk factors involved in its development, such as environmental toxicity, parental inheritance, misfolding of protein, ageing, generation of reactive oxygen species, degradation of dopaminergic neurons, formation of neurotoxins, mitochondria dysfunction, and genetic mutations, its mechanism of involvement is still discernible. Therefore, this study aimed to review the processes or systems that are crucially implicated in the conversion of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) into its lethal form, which directly blockades the performance of mitochondria, leading to the formation of oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and resulting in the progression of an incurable Parkinson's disease. This review also comprises an overview of the mutated genes that are frequently associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression of Parkinson's disease. Altogether, this review would help future researchers to develop an efficient therapeutic approach for the management of Parkinson's disease via identifying potent prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
| | - Ramish Maqsood
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Noida, India
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Okun MS. U.S. Tax Credits to Promote Practical Proactive Preventative Care for Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:221-226. [PMID: 38457153 PMCID: PMC10977447 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-240046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and society at large can profit from a strategic investment into a forward leaning, practical, preventative, and proactive multidisciplinary care policy. The American healthcare system is not easily bent to accommodate this type of care, and thus a tax benefit is an attractive option. An individual federal income tax benefit of $6200 each year for every person residing in the US with a diagnosis of PD, could among other offerings provide monthly access to a licensed clinical social worker and access to mental health services. The implementation of more coordinated care has the potential reduce the burden of depression, anxiety, and demoralization. Personal training would also be covered and directed by physical and occupational therapists. The combination of home-based and telemedicine services would have the added benefit of improving access. The tax benefit would also provide access to a dietician. This type of care strategy could be designed to proactively identify early signs of aspiration and urinary tract infections to 'head off' significant morbidity. A $6200/year individual tax benefit for those diagnosed with PD will thus translate into more fall prevention, more care in the home setting, less hospitalizations, less depression, less anxiety, less demoralization, better diets, and less persons placed in nursing facilities. Additionally, this tax benefit will provide the potential for billions of dollars in savings to the healthcare system. A tax benefit for PD is a practical preventative and proactive strategy which can serve to advantage both this generation and the next.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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van der Berg I, Schootemeijer S, Overbeek K, Bloem BR, de Vries NM. Dietary Interventions in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:1-16. [PMID: 38277304 PMCID: PMC10836553 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Several dietary patterns and nutritional supplements have been linked to the development, progression, and symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). Most of the evidence, at this point, is preliminary and based largely on observational studies. Interventional studies are scarce, so the evidence on effectiveness remains inconclusive. Dietary interventions could, analogous to exercise, potentially have a beneficial effect on disease symptoms as well as on the progression of the disease and should therefore be researched in high quality studies. Further work is also needed to study whether dietary interventions, when applied to an at-risk population, have any potential to postpone the onset of manifest PD. In this paper, we summarize all ongoing clinical trials on dietary interventions in PD. We found 10 ongoing studies, all aimed at a different intervention. These studies are mostly exploratory in nature or represent phase I or phase II trials focusing on safety, biological responses, and symptomatic effects. Taken together, we conclude that research on dietary interventions in persons with PD is still in its early days. The results of the various ongoing trials are expected to generate new hypotheses and will help to shape the agenda for future research on this important topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indy van der Berg
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Schootemeijer
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Overbeek
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R. Bloem
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke M. de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Grabska-Kobyłecka I, Szpakowski P, Król A, Książek-Winiarek D, Kobyłecki A, Głąbiński A, Nowak D. Polyphenols and Their Impact on the Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Development. Nutrients 2023; 15:3454. [PMID: 37571391 PMCID: PMC10420887 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that neurodegenerative diseases' development and progression are accelerated due to oxidative stress and inflammation, which result in impairment of mitochondrial function, cellular damage, and dysfunction of DNA repair systems. The increased consumption of antioxidants can postpone the development of these disorders and improve the quality of patients' lives who have already been diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases. Prolonging life span in developed countries contributes to an increase in the incidence ratio of chronic age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD (Parkinson's disease), AD (Alzheimer's disease), or numerous forms of age-related dementias. Dietary supplementation with neuroprotective plant-derived polyphenols might be considered an important element of healthy aging. Some polyphenols improve cognition, mood, visual functions, language, and verbal memory functions. Polyphenols bioavailability differs greatly from one compound to another and is determined by solubility, degree of polymerization, conjugation, or glycosylation resulting from chemical structure. It is still unclear which polyphenols are beneficial because their potential depends on efficient transport across the BBB (blood-brain barrier), bioavailability, and stability in the CNS (central nervous system). Polyphenols improve brain functions by having a direct impact on cells and processes in the CNS. For a direct effect, polyphenolic compounds must be able to overcome the BBB and accumulate in brain tissue. In this review, the latest achievements in studies (animal models and clinical trials) on the effect of polyphenols on brain activity and function are described. The beneficial impact of plant polyphenols on the brain may be summarized by their role in increasing brain plasticity and related cognition improvement. As reversible MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, polyphenols are mood modulators and improve neuronal self-being through an increase in dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline amounts in the brain tissue. After analyzing the prohealth effects of various eating patterns, it was postulated that their beneficial effects result from synergistic interactions between individual dietary components. Polyphenols act on the brain endothelial cells and improve the BBB's integrity and reduce inflammation, thus protecting the brain from additional injury during stroke or autoimmune diseases. Polyphenolic compounds are capable of lowering blood pressure and improving cerebral blood flow. Many studies have revealed that a nutritional model based on increased consumption of antioxidants has the potential to ameliorate the cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Randomized clinical trials have also shown that the improvement of cognitive functions resulting from the consumption of foods rich in flavonoids is independent of age and health conditions. For therapeutic use, sufficient quantities of polyphenols must cross the BBB and reach the brain tissue in active form. An important issue in the direct action of polyphenols on the CNS is not only their penetration through the BBB, but also their brain metabolism and localization. The bioavailability of polyphenols is low. The most usual oral administration also conflicts with bioavailability. The main factors that limit this process and have an effect on therapeutic efficacy are: selective permeability across BBB, gastrointestinal transformations, poor absorption, rapid hepatic and colonic metabolism, and systemic elimination. Thus, phenolic compounds have inadequate bioavailability for human applications to have any beneficial effects. In recent years, new strategies have been attempted in order to exert cognitive benefits and neuroprotective effects. Converting polyphenols into nanostructures is one of the theories proposed to enhance their bioavailability. The following nanoscale delivery systems can be used to encapsulate polyphenols: nanocapsules, nanospheres, micelles, cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, and liposomes. It results in great expectations for the wide-scale and effective use of polyphenols in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, only natural polyphenols have been studied as neuroprotectors. Perhaps some modification of the chemical structure of a given polyphenol may increase its neuroprotective activity and transportation through the BBB. However, numerous questions should be answered before developing neuroprotective medications based on plant polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Grabska-Kobyłecka
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Szpakowski
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksandra Król
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Dominika Książek-Winiarek
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrzej Kobyłecki
- Interventional Cardiology Lab, Copernicus Hospital, Pabianicka Str. 62, 93-513 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Głąbiński
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113 Street, 90-549 Łódź, Poland; (P.S.); (D.K.-W.); (A.G.)
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 Street, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
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Portugal B, Artaud F, Degaey I, Roze E, Fournier A, Severi G, Canonico M, Proust-Lima C, Elbaz A. Association of Physical Activity and Parkinson Disease in Women: Long-term Follow-up of the E3N Cohort Study. Neurology 2023; 101:e386-e398. [PMID: 37197993 PMCID: PMC10435054 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous cohort studies reported that a single measure of physical activity (PA) assessed at baseline was associated with lower Parkinson disease (PD) incidence, but a meta-analysis suggested that this association was restricted to men. Because of the long prodromal phase of the disease, reverse causation could not be excluded as a potential explanation. Our objective was to study the association between time-varying PA and PD in women using lagged analyses to address the potential for reverse causation and to compare PA trajectories in patients before diagnosis and matched controls. METHODS We used data from the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (1990-2018), a cohort study of women affiliated with a national health insurance plan for persons working in education. PA was self-reported in 6 questionnaires over the follow-up. As questions changed across questionnaires, we created a time-varying latent PA (LPA) variable using latent process mixed models. PD was ascertained using a multistep validation process based on medical records or a validated algorithm based on drug claims. We set up a nested case-control study to examine differences in LPA trajectories using multivariable linear mixed models with a retrospective timescale. Cox proportional hazards models with age as the timescale and adjusted for confounders were used to estimate the association between time-varying LPA and PD incidence. Our main analysis used a 10-year lag to account for reverse causation; sensitivity analyses used 5-, 15-, and 20-year lags. RESULTS Analyses of trajectories (1,196 cases and 23,879 controls) showed that LPA was significantly lower in cases than in controls throughout the follow-up, including 29 years before diagnosis; the difference between cases and controls started to increase ∼10 years before diagnosis (p interaction = 0.003). In our main survival analysis, of 95,354 women free of PD in 2000, 1,074 women developed PD over a mean follow-up of 17.2 years. PD incidence decreased with increasing LPA (p trend = 0.001), with 25% lower incidence in those in the highest quartile compared with the lowest (adjusted hazard ratio 0.75, 95% CI 0.63-0.89). Using longer lags yielded similar conclusions. DISCUSSION Higher PA level is associated with lower PD incidence in women, not explained by reverse causation. These results are important for planning interventions for PD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Portugal
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Fanny Artaud
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Isabelle Degaey
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Marianne Canonico
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Cécile Proust-Lima
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- From the Université Paris-Saclay (B.P., F.A., I.D., A.F., G.S., M.C., A.E.), UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Gustave Roussy, Inserm, U1018, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health," CESP, Villejuif; Neurology Department (E.R.), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP; Sorbonne Université (E.R.); INSERM U1127 (E.R.), CNRS 7225, Brain Institute, Paris, France; Department of Statistics (G.S.), Computer Science, Applications "G. Parenti" (DISIA), University of Florence, Italy; and Université Bordeaux (C.P.-L.), Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219, France.
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Li Q, Meng LB, Chen LJ, Shi X, Tu L, Zhou Q, Yu JL, Liao X, Zeng Y, Yuan QY. The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and intestinal microbiome dysregulation in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1185375. [PMID: 37305758 PMCID: PMC10249504 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1185375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with aging. Its main pathological feature is the degeneration and loss of dopaminergic neurons related to the misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein. The pathogenesis of PD has not yet been fully elucidated, and its occurrence and development process are closely related to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Dysregulation of intestinal microbiota may promote the damage of the intestinal epithelial barrier, intestinal inflammation, and the upward diffusion of phosphorylated α-synuclein from the enteric nervous system (ENS) to the brain in susceptible individuals and further lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) through the disordered microbiota-gut-brain axis. The present review aimed to summarize recent advancements in studies focusing on the role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of PD, especially the mechanism of intestinal microbiome dysregulation, intestinal inflammation, and gastrointestinal dysfunction in PD. Maintaining or restoring homeostasis in the gut microenvironment by targeting the gut microbiome may provide future direction for the development of new biomarkers for early diagnosis of PD and therapeutic strategies to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling-bing Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-jun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Shi
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-long Yu
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao-ying Yuan
- Department of Nutrition, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), The First Affiliated Hospital of PLA Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Hernández-Calderón P, Wiedemann L, Benítez-Páez A. The microbiota composition drives personalized nutrition: Gut microbes as predictive biomarkers for the success of weight loss diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006747. [PMID: 36211501 PMCID: PMC9537590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
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