1
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Rath RJ, Herrington JO, Adeel M, Güder F, Dehghani F, Farajikhah S. Ammonia detection: A pathway towards potential point-of-care diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 251:116100. [PMID: 38364327 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Invasive methods such as blood collection and biopsy are commonly used for testing liver and kidney function, which are painful, time-consuming, require trained personnel, and may not be easily accessible to people for their routine checkup. Early diagnosis of liver and kidney diseases can prevent severe symptoms and ensure better management of these patients. Emerging approaches such as breath and sweat analysis have shown potential as non-invasive methods for disease diagnosis. Among the many markers, ammonia is often used as a biomarker for the monitoring of liver and kidney functions. In this review we provide an insight into the production and expulsion of ammonia gas in the human body, the different diseases that could potentially use ammonia as biomarker and analytical devices such as chemiresistive gas sensors for non-invasive monitoring of this gas. The review also provides an understanding into the different materials, doping agents and substrates used to develop such multifunctional sensors. Finally, the current challenges and the possible future trends have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronil J Rath
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack O Herrington
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Fariba Dehghani
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Syamak Farajikhah
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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2
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Tomaszewska-Rolla D, Jaworski P, Wu D, Yu F, Foltynowicz A, Krzempek K, Soboń G. Mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectroscopy using an all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:10679-10689. [PMID: 38571273 DOI: 10.1364/oe.517012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We present the first mid-infrared optical frequency comb spectrometer employing an absorption cell based on self-fabricated, all-silica antiresonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF). The spectrometer is capable of measuring sub-mL sample volumes with 26 m interaction length and noise equivalent absorption sensitivity of 8.3 × 10-8 cm-1 Hz-1/2 per spectral element in the range of 2900 cm-1 to 3100 cm-1. Compared to a commercially available multipass cell, the ARHCF offers a similar interaction length in a 1000 times lower gas sample volume and a 2.8 dB lower transmission loss, resulting in better absorption sensitivity. The broad transmission windows of ARHCFs, in combination with a tunable optical frequency comb, make them ideal for multispecies detection, while the prospect of measuring samples in small volumes makes them a competitive technique to photoacoustic spectroscopy along with the robustness and prospect of coiling the ARHCFs open doors for miniaturization and out-of-laboratory applications.
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3
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Cao H, Shi H, Tang J, Xu Y, Ling Y, Lu X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Wang H. Ultrasensitive discrimination of volatile organic compounds using a microfluidic silicon SERS artificial intelligence chip. iScience 2023; 26:107821. [PMID: 37731613 PMCID: PMC10507157 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current gaseous sensors hardly discriminate trace volatile organic compounds at the ppt level. Herein, we present an integrated platform for simultaneously enabling rapid preconcentration, reliable surface-enhanced Raman scattering, (SERS) detection and automatic identification of trace aldehydes at the ppt level. For rapid preconcentration, we demonstrate that the nozzle-like microfluidic concentrator allows the enrichment of rare gaseous analytes by five-fold in only 0.01 ms. The enriched gas is subsequently captured and detected by an integrated silicon-based SERS chip, which is made of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 coated silver nanoparticles grown in situ on a silicon wafer. After SERS measurement, a fully connected deep neural network is built to extract faint features in the spectral dataset and discriminate volatile organic compound classes. We demonstrate that six kinds of gaseous aldehydes at 100 ppt could be detected and classified with an identification accuracy of ∼80.9% by using this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Cao
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huayi Shi
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yufan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xing Lu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Houyu Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Biomedicine, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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4
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Mondal D, Nair AM, Mukherji S. Volatile organic compound sensing in breath using conducting polymer coated chemi-resistive filter paper sensors. Med Biol Eng Comput 2023:10.1007/s11517-023-02861-8. [PMID: 37286862 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a disposable sensor array was designed based on the chemi-resistive behavior of the conducting polymers to detect three volatile organic compounds (VOCs), i.e., acetone, ethanol, and methanol in air and breath. Four disposable resistive sensors were designed by coating polypyrrole and polyaniline (in their doped and de-doped forms) on filter paper substrates and tested against VOCs in air. Change in conductivity of the polymer resulting from exposure to various VOC concentration was measured as percentage resistance change using a standard multimeter. The lowest concentration detected for acetone, ethanol, and methanol vapors was 400 ppb, 150 ppb, and 300 ppb, respectively within 2 min. These VOC-responsive sensors, housed in an indigenous inert chamber, showed good stability, repeatability, and reversibility while sensing, thus making it suitable for environmental pollutant detection at room temperature. Furthermore, the non-specific nature of these easy to fabricate sensors towards all VOCs is considered favorable and upon classifying with principal component analysis (PCA), the gases were qualitatively distinguished in separate clusters. These developed sensors were also tested and analyzed using VOC spiked real breath samples as proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Mondal
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | - Aswathy M Nair
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Soumyo Mukherji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Zhang Y, Xie Y, Lu J, Zhao J, Wu Y, Tong J, Shao J. Continuous real-time monitoring of carbon dioxide emitted from human skin by quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100488. [PMID: 37089823 PMCID: PMC10113869 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a skin gas detection system based on quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) with a constant temperature collection chamber and an automatic frequency adjustment function was used to collect and monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from human skin. The detection element of the system is an on-beam structure assembled by a 30.72 kHz quartz tuning fork (QTF). A laser with a wavelength of 4991.26 cm-1 is emitted (with a wavelength adjustment range of 10 cm-1) to excite the QTF. When the integration time is 365 s, the system can achieve a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 2.6 ppmv. The sensitivity of the system is 636.9 ppmv/V. The gas detection system is used to monitor the concentration of CO2 emissions from different parts of the skin and the same part covered by different cosmetics. The CO2 emission rate is defined as the ratio of the skin gas monitoring time of 25 min to the CO2 concentration variable in the gas chamber (volume of 8 mL). The results were collected from three healthy volunteers. Among the six different parts, the cheeks emitted the fastest rate (the average rate was 365.5 ppmv/min) of CO2, and the thighs emitted the slowest rate (the average rate was 56.4 ppmv/min) of CO2. Comparing the experimental results of the six sites at different times, the order of the CO2 emission rate is identical for all six sites. In the experiments with the three cosmetic products (experimental site: forearm), comparing the CO2 emission rate from clean skin with the CO2 emission rate from cosmetic-covered skin shows that sunscreen is the most breathable, followed by barrier cream, and foundation is the least breathable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, 325035, China
| | - Juncheng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Jinlin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, 325035, China
| | - Jie Shao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Corresponding author.
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Karas D, Bužga M, Stejskal D, Kocna P, Holéczy P, Novotná A, Švagera Z. Breath Tests Used in the Context of Bariatric Surgery. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123170. [PMID: 36553178 PMCID: PMC9777764 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the use of breath tests in the field of bariatrics and obesitology. The first part of the review is an introduction to breath test problematics with a focus on their use in bariatrics. The second part provides a brief history of breath testing. Part three describes how breath tests are used for monitoring certain processes in various organs and various substances in exhaled air and how the results are analyzed and evaluated. The last part covers studies that described the use of breath tests for monitoring patients that underwent bariatric treatments. Although the number of relevant studies is small, this review could promote the future use of breath testing in the context of bariatric treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Karas
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bužga
- Department of Human Movement Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Ostrava, Fráni Šrámka 3, 709 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - David Stejskal
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kocna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Holéczy
- Department of Surgery, Vítkovice Hospital, Zalužanského 1192/15, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Novotná
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Švagera
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 1790/5, 708 52 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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7
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Zhang JD, Le MN, Hill KJ, Cooper AA, Stuetz RM, Donald WA. Identifying robust and reliable volatile organic compounds in human sebum for biomarker discovery. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1233:340506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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8
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Xu F, Zhou J, Yang H, Chen L, Zhong J, Peng Y, Wu K, Wang Y, Fan H, Yang X, Zhao Y. Recent advances in exhaled breath sample preparation technologies for drug of abuse detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Barandun G, Gonzalez-Macia L, Lee HS, Dincer C, Güder F. Challenges and Opportunities for Printed Electrical Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2804-2822. [PMID: 36131601 PMCID: PMC9623589 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Printed electrical gas sensors are a low-cost, lightweight, low-power, and potentially disposable alternative to gas sensors manufactured using conventional methods such as photolithography, etching, and chemical vapor deposition. The growing interest in Internet-of-Things, smart homes, wearable devices, and point-of-need sensors has been the main driver fueling the development of new classes of printed electrical gas sensors. In this Perspective, we provide an insight into the current research related to printed electrical gas sensors including materials, methods of fabrication, and applications in monitoring food quality, air quality, diagnosis of diseases, and detection of hazardous gases. We further describe the challenges and future opportunities for this emerging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandrin Barandun
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
- BlakBear,
Ltd, 7-8 Child’s
Place, SW5 9RX London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Macia
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Seok Lee
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT
Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
- Department
of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University
of Freiburg, Freiburg 79110, Germany
| | - Firat Güder
- Imperial
College London, Department of Bioengineering,
Royal School of Mines, SW7
2AZ London, United Kingdom
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10
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11
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Rudie A, Schornack AM, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Wang D. Two-Dimensional Ti3C2 MXene-Based Novel Nanocomposites for Breath Sensors for Early Detection of Diabetes Mellitus. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050332. [PMID: 35624633 PMCID: PMC9139044 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The rates of diabetes throughout the world are rising rapidly, impacting nearly every country. New research is focused on better ways to monitor and treat this disease. Breath acetone levels have been defined as a biomarker for diabetes. The development of a method to monitor and diagnose diabetes utilizing breath acetone levels would provide a fast, easy, and non-invasive treatment option. An ideal material for point-of-care diabetes management would need to have a high response to acetone, high acetone selectivity, low interference from humidity, and be able to operate at room temperature. Chemiresistive gas sensors are a promising method for sensing breath acetone due to their simple fabrication and easy operation. Certain semiconductor materials in chemiresistive sensors can react to acetone in the air and produce changes in resistance that can be correlated with acetone levels. While these materials have been developed and show strong responses to acetone with good selectivity, most of them must operate at high temperatures (compared to RT), causing high power consumption, unstable device operation, and complex device design. In this paper, we systematically studied a series of 2-dimensional MXene-based nanocomposites as the sensing materials in chemiresistive sensors to detect 2.86 ppm of acetone at room temperature. Most of them showed great sensitivity and selectivity for acetone. In particular, the 1D/2D CrWO/Ti3C2 nanocomposite showed the best sensing response to acetone: nine times higher sensitivity than 1D KWO nanowires. To determine the sensing selectivity, a CrWO/Ti3C2 nanocomposite-based sensor was exposed to various common vapors in human breath. The result revealed that it has excellent selectivity for acetone, and far lower responses to other vapors. All these preliminary results indicate that this material is a promising candidate for the creation of a point-of-care diabetes management device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rudie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.R.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Anna Marie Schornack
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA;
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Physics, and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University, Newcastle NE1 8ST, UK;
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.R.); (Q.Z.)
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Danling Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA; (A.R.); (Q.Z.)
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-701-231-8396
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12
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Leong SX, Leong YX, Tan EX, Sim HYF, Koh CSL, Lee YH, Chong C, Ng LS, Chen JRT, Pang DWC, Nguyen LBT, Boong SK, Han X, Kao YC, Chua YH, Phan-Quang GC, Phang IY, Lee HK, Abdad MY, Tan NS, Ling XY. Noninvasive and Point-of-Care Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Breathalyzer for Mass Screening of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) under 5 min. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2629-2639. [PMID: 35040314 PMCID: PMC8791036 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Population-wide surveillance of COVID-19 requires tests to be quick and accurate to minimize community transmissions. The detection of breath volatile organic compounds presents a promising option for COVID-19 surveillance but is currently limited by bulky instrumentation and inflexible analysis protocol. Here, we design a hand-held surface-enhanced Raman scattering-based breathalyzer to identify COVID-19 infected individuals in under 5 min, achieving >95% sensitivity and specificity across 501 participants regardless of their displayed symptoms. Our SERS-based breathalyzer harnesses key variations in vibrational fingerprints arising from interactions between breath metabolites and multiple molecular receptors to establish a robust partial least-squares discriminant analysis model for high throughput classifications. Crucially, spectral regions influencing classification show strong corroboration with reported potential COVID-19 breath biomarkers, both through experiment and in silico. Our strategy strives to spur the development of next-generation, noninvasive human breath diagnostic toolkits tailored for mass screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Xuan Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yong Xiang Leong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Emily Xi Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Howard Yi Fan Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Charlynn Sher Lin Koh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yih Hong Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carice Chong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Li Shiuan Ng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Jaslyn Ru Ting Chen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Desmond Wei Cheng Pang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Lam Bang Thanh Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Siew Kheng Boong
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xuemei Han
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ya-Chuan Kao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Yi Heng Chua
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Gia Chuong Phan-Quang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Silver Factory Technology Pte.
Ltd., Singapore 169203, Singapore
| | - In Yee Phang
- Silver Factory Technology Pte.
Ltd., Singapore 169203, Singapore
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Yazid Abdad
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory,
National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore 308442,
Singapore
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health,
Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7LG, U.K.
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol
University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 308232,
Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore 637551,
Singapore
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School
of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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13
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A DNA-derived phage nose using machine learning and artificial neural processing for diagnosing lung cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 194:113567. [PMID: 34481239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in electronic nose-based diagnostic systems that are fast and portable. However, existing technologies are suitable only for operation in the laboratory, making them difficult to apply in a rapid, non-face-to-face, and field-suitable manner. Here, we demonstrate a DNA-derived phage nose (D2pNose) as a portable respiratory disease diagnosis system requiring no pretreatment. D2pNose was produced based on phage colour films implanted with DNA sequences from mammalian olfactory receptor cells, and as a result, it possesses the comprehensive reactivity of these cells. The manipulated surface chemistry of the genetically engineered phages was verified through a correlation analysis between the calculated and the experimentally measured reactivity. Breaths from 31 healthy subjects and 31 lung cancer patients were collected and exposed to D2pNose without pretreatment. With the help of deep learning and neural pattern separation, D2pNose has achieved a diagnostic success rate of over 75% and a classification success rate of over 86% for lung cancer based on raw human breath. Based on these results, D2pNose can be expected to be directly applicable to other respiratory diseases.
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14
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Zhang J, Lei C, Liang T, Liu R, Zhao Z, Qi L, Ghaffar A, Xiong J. Acetone Sensor Based on FAIMS-MEMS. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1531. [PMID: 34945383 PMCID: PMC8703384 DOI: 10.3390/mi12121531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, to address the problems of large blood draws, long testing times, and the inability to achieve dynamic detection of invasive testing for diabetes, stemming from the principle that type 1 diabetic patients exhale significantly higher levels of acetone than normal people, a FAIMS-MEMS gas sensor was designed to detect acetone, which utilizes the characteristics of high sensitivity, fast response, and non-invasive operation. It is prepared by MEMS processes, such as photolithography, etching, and sputtering, its specific dimensions are 4000 μm in length, 3000 μm in width and 800 μm in height and the related test system was built to detect acetone gas. The test results show that when acetone below 0.8 ppm is introduced, the voltage value detected by the sensor basically does not change, while when acetone gas exceeds 1.8 ppm, the voltage value detected by the sensor increases significantly. The detection accuracy of the sensor prepared by this method is about 0.02 ppm/mV, and the voltage change can reach 1 V with a response time of 3 s and a recovery time of 4 s when tested under 20 ppm acetone environment; this has good repeatability and stability, and has great prospects in the field of non-invasive detection of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Cheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Ting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Ruifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;
| | - Zhujie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Lei Qi
- North Automatic Control Technology Institute, Taiyuan 030006, China;
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jijun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (J.X.)
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15
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V A B, Subramoniam M, Mathew L. Detection of COPD and Lung Cancer with electronic nose using ensemble learning methods. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 523:231-238. [PMID: 34627826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The chemical gas sensor array based electronic-nose (e-nose) devices with machine learning algorithms can detect and differentiate expelled breath samples of patients with various respiratory ailments and controls. It is by the recognition of levels and variations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the exhaled air. Here, we aimed to differentiate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer from controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work presents the details of the developed e-nose system, selection of the study subjects, exhaled breath sampling method and detection, and the data analysis algorithms. The developed device is tested in 199 participants including 93 controls, 55 COPD patients, and 51 lung cancer patients. The main advantage of the device is robustness and portability and cost-effectiveness. RESULTS In the training phase and model validation phase, the ensemble learning method XGBoost outperformed the other two models. In the prediction of lung cancer, XGBoost method attained a classification accuracy of 79.31%. In COPD prediction also the same method had given the better results with 76.67% accuracy. CONCLUSION The e-nose system developed with TGS gas sensors was portable, low cost, and gave a rapid response. It has been demonstrated that the VOC profiles of patients with pulmonary diseases and healthy controls are different and hence the e-nose system can be used as a potential diagnostic device for patients with lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binson V A
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Electronics Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kerala, India.
| | - M Subramoniam
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Mathew
- Department of Pulmonology, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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16
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Noninvasive detection of COPD and Lung Cancer through breath analysis using MOS Sensor array based e-nose. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1223-1233. [PMID: 34415806 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1971079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This paper describes the research work done toward the development of a breath analyzing electronic nose (e-nose), and the results obtained from testing patients with lung cancer, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and healthy controls. Pulmonary diseases like COPD and lung cancer are detected with MOS sensor array-based e-noses. The e-nose device with the sensor array, data acquisition system, and pattern recognition can detect the variations of volatile organic compounds (VOC) present in the expelled breath of patients and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS This work presents the e-nose equipment design, study subjects selection, breath sampling procedures, and various data analysis tools. The developed e-nose system is tested in 40 patients with lung cancer, 48 patients with COPD, and 90 healthy controls. RESULTS In differentiating lung cancer and COPD from controls, support vector machine (SVM) with 3-fold cross-validation outperformed all other classifiers with an accuracy of 92.3% in cross-validation. In external validation, the same discrimination was achieved by k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) with 75.0% accuracy. CONCLUSION The reported results show that the VOC analysis with an e-nose system holds exceptional possibilities in noninvasive disease diagnosis applications.
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17
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Binson VA, Subramoniam M, Mathew L. Discrimination of COPD and lung cancer from controls through breath analysis using a self-developed e-nose. J Breath Res 2021; 15. [PMID: 34243176 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This work details the application of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor based electronic nose (e-nose) system in the discrimination of lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from healthy controls. The sensor array integrated with supervised classification algorithms was able to detect and classify exhaled breath samples from healthy controls, patients with COPD, and lung cancer by recognizing the amount of volatile organic compounds present in it. This paper details the e-nose design, participant selection, sampling methods, and data analysis. The clinical feasibility of the system was checked in 32 lung cancer patients, 38 COPD patients, and 72 healthy controls including smokers and non-smokers. One of the advantages of the equipment design was portability and robustness since the system was conditioned with elements that allowed its easy movement. In the discrimination of lung cancer from controls, the k-nearest neighbors gave an acceptable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 91.3%, 84.4%, and 94.4% respectively. The support vector machine gave better results for COPD discrimination from controls with 90.9% accuracy, 81.6% sensitivity, and 95.8% specificity. Even though the attained results were good, further examinations are essential to enhance the sensor array system, investigate the long-run reproducibility, repeatability, and enlarge its relevancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Binson
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Department of Electronics Engineering, Saintgits College of Engineering, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - M Subramoniam
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Mathew
- Department of Pulmonology, Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
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18
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Diana Zhang J, Baker MJ, Liu Z, Mohibul Kabir KM, Kolachalama VB, Yates DH, Donald WA. Medical diagnosis at the point-of-care by portable high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Breath Res 2021; 15:10.1088/1752-7163/ac135e. [PMID: 34252887 PMCID: PMC10422980 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac135e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive medical diagnosis by analysing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the point-of-care is becoming feasible owing to recent advances in portable instrumentation. A number of studies have assessed the performance of a state-of-the-art VOC analyser (micro-chip high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry, FAIMS) for medical diagnosis. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed to investigate the overall diagnostic performance of these novel methods across different medical conditions. An electronic search was performed using the CAplus and MEDLINE database through the SciFinder platform. The review identified a total of 23 studies and 2312 individuals. Eighteen studies were used for meta-analysis. A pooled analysis found an overall sensitivity of 80% (95% CI, 74%-85%,I2= 62%), and specificity of 78% (95% CI, 70%-84%,I2= 80%), which corresponds to the overall diagnostic performance of micro-chip FAIMS across many different medical conditions. The diagnostic accuracy was particularly high for coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease (sensitivity and specificity from 74% to 97%). The overall diagnostic performance was similar across breath, urine, and faecal matrices with sparse logistic regression and random forests algorithms resulting in higher diagnostic accuracy. Sources of variability likely arise from differences in sample storage, sampling protocol, method of data analysis, type of disease, sample matrix, and potentially to clinical and disease factors. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that micro-chip FAIMS is a promising candidate for disease screening at the point-of-care, particularly for gastroenterology diseases. This review provides recommendations that should improve the techniques relevant to diagnostic accuracy of future VOC and point-of-care studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diana Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Merryn J Baker
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Stats Central, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - K M Mohibul Kabir
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vijaya B Kolachalama
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing and Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Deborah H Yates
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent’s Hospital and St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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19
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Bindra P, Hazra A. Electroless deposition of Pd/Pt nanoparticles on electrochemically grown TiO 2 nanotubes for ppb level sensing of ethanol at room temperature. Analyst 2021; 146:1880-1891. [PMID: 33475622 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01757d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comparative sensing study of three sensors based on pristine TiO2 nanotubes, Pd loaded TiO2 nanotubes, and Pt loaded TiO2 nanotubes. Pristine TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using an electrochemical anodization method and an electroless plating method was used for the uniform deposition of noble metal nanoparticles of either Pd or Pt over the surface of TiO2 nanotubes. The samples were thoroughly characterized by XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM, and XPS techniques. The sensitivity of all three sensors was investigated at room temperature (300 K) for different volatile organic compounds like ethanol, methanol, 2-propanol, acetone, and benzene. The results revealed that loading of Pd and Pt nanoparticles improved the response magnitude of the sensor remarkably as these noble metals possess better oxygen dissociation capability than pristine TiO2. The Pd-TiO2 nanotube sensor exhibited a maximum response magnitude of 20-98% towards 100-1000 ppb of ethanol at room temperature. Notably, the formation of Pd/Pt-TiO2 discrete heterojunctions on the surface of TiO2 nanotubes was found to be responsible for enhanced sensitivity of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bindra
- Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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20
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Foo LH, Balan P, Pang LM, Laine ML, Seneviratne CJ. Role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways, and novel diagnostic tools in intra-oral halitosis: a comprehensive update. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:359-375. [PMID: 33653206 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1888867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Halitosis or oral malodor is one of the most common reasons for the patients' visit to the dental clinic, ranking behind only dental caries and periodontitis. In the present times, where social and professional communications are becoming unavoidable, halitosis has become a concern of growing importance. Oral malodor mostly develops due to the putrefaction of substrates by the indigenous bacterial populations. Although culture-based studies have provided adequate information on halitosis, the high throughput omics technologies have amplified the resolution at which oral microbial community can be examined and has led to the detection of a broader range of taxa associated with intra-oral halitosis (IOH). These microorganisms are regulated by the interactions of their ecological processes. Thus to develop effective treatment strategies, it is important to understand the microbial basis of halitosis. In the current review, we provide an update on IOH in context to the role of the oral microbiome, metabolic pathways involved, and novel diagnostic tools, including breathomics. Understanding oral microbiota associated with halitosis from a broader ecological perspective can provide novel insights into one's oral and systemic health. Such information can pave the way for the emergence of diagnostic tools that can revolutionize the early detection of halitosis and various associated medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lean Heong Foo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontic Unit, National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Preethi Balan
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Mei Pang
- Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- Oral Health ACP, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Oral Microbiomics Initiative (SOMI), National Dental Research Institute Singapore (NDRIS), National Dental Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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Duc Chinh N, Haneul Y, Minh Hieu N, Manh Hung N, Duc Quang N, Kim C, Kim D. pn-Heterojunction of the SWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite for temperature dependent reaction with hydrogen. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:582-591. [PMID: 33129166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A hydrogen breath test is a non-invasive and safe diagnostic tool to explore the functional gastrointestinal disorders. For the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome as well as carbohydrate malabsorption such as fructose, lactose, and sorbitol malabsorption, a hydrogen breath test is considered one of the gold criterions. Since the more sensitive hydrogen sensor enables the more accurate prediction about the disease, many efforts have been to the development of the high performance H2 sensor. Herein, we fabricate the pn-junction type composite sensors using single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and zinc oxide and thoroughly investigate their hydrogen sensing properties at various temperatures. We discuss the origin of sensing performance enhancement mechanism in the composite sensors, while the composite sensor with high H2 sensing performance, linearity, repeatability, and selectivity can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Duc Chinh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Haneul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Minh Hieu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Manh Hung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Quang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunjoong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dojin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Bannov AG, Popov MV, Brester AE, Kurmashov PB. Recent Advances in Ammonia Gas Sensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:186. [PMID: 33673142 PMCID: PMC7918724 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review paper is devoted to an extended analysis of ammonia gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. It provides a detailed comparison of various types of active materials used for the detection of ammonia, e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, and related materials. Different parameters that can affect the performance of chemiresistive gas sensors are discussed. The paper also gives a comparison of the sensing characteristics (response, response time, recovery time, operating temperature) of gas sensors based on carbon nanomaterials. The results of our tests on ammonia gas sensors using various techniques are analyzed. The problems related to the recovery of sensors using various approaches are also considered. Finally, the impact of relative humidity on the sensing behavior of carbon nanomaterials of various different natures was estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Bannov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Maxim V. Popov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrei E. Brester
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
| | - Pavel B. Kurmashov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, 630073 Novosibirsk, Russia; (M.V.P.); (A.E.B.); (P.B.K.)
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23
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Dharmawardana N, Woods C, Watson DI, Yazbeck R, Ooi EH. A review of breath analysis techniques in head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2020; 104:104654. [PMID: 32200303 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the head and neck region are a severely disabling group of diseases with no method for early detection. Analysis of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds shows promise as biomarkers for early detection and disease monitoring. This article reviews breath analysis in the setting of head and neck cancer, with a practical focus on breath sampling techniques, detection technologies and valid data analysis methods. Title and abstract keyword searches were conducted on PubMed and Embase databases to identify English language studies without a time-period limitation. The main inclusion criteria were human studies comparing head and neck cancer patients to healthy controls using exhaled breath analysis. Multiple breath collection techniques, three major detection technologies and multiple data analysis methods were identified. However, the variability in techniques and lack of methodological standardization does not allow for adequate study replication or data pooling. Twenty-two volatile organic compounds identified in five studies have been reported to discriminate head and neck cancer patients from healthy controls. Breath analysis for detection of head and neck cancer shows promise as a non-invasive detection tool. However, methodological standardization is paramount for future research study design to provide the potential for translating these techniques into routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan Dharmawardana
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Charmaine Woods
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - David I Watson
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Roger Yazbeck
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Eng H Ooi
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
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24
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Tiele A, Wicaksono A, Daulton E, Ifeachor E, Eyre V, Clarke S, Timings L, Pearson S, Covington JA, Li X. Breath-based non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. J Breath Res 2020; 14:026003. [PMID: 31816609 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) will help researchers to better understand the disease and develop improved treatments. Recent developments have thus focused on identifying biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI) and AD during the preclinical phase. The aim of this pilot study is to determine whether exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be used as a non-invasive method to distinguish controls from MCI, controls from AD and to determine whether there are differences between MCI and AD. The study used gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) techniques. Confounding factors, such as age, smoking habits, gender and alcohol consumption are investigated to demonstrate the efficacy of results. One hundred subjects were recruited including 50 controls, 25 AD and 25 MCI patients. The subject cohort was age- and gender-matched to minimise bias. Breath samples were analysed using a commercial GC-IMS instrument (G.A.S. BreathSpec, Dortmund, Germany). Data analysis indicates that the GC-IMS signal was consistently able to separate between diagnostic groups [AUC ± 95%, sensitivity, specificity], controls versus MCI: [0.77 (0.64-0.90), 0.68, 0.80], controls versus AD: [0.83 (0.72-0.94), 0.60, 0.96], and MCI versus AD: [0.70 (0.55-0.85), 0.60, 0.84]. VOC analysis indicates that six compounds play a crucial role in distinguishing between diagnostic groups. Analysis of possible confounding factors indicate that gender, age, smoking habits and alcohol consumption have insignificant influence on breath content. This pilot study confirms the utility of exhaled breath analysis to distinguish between AD, MCI and control subjects. Thus, GC-IMS offers great potential as a non-invasive, high-throughput, diagnostic technique for diagnosing and potentially monitoring AD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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25
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Ghosh C, Singh V, Grandy J, Pawliszyn J. Recent advances in breath analysis to track human health by new enrichment technologies. J Sep Sci 2019; 43:226-240. [PMID: 31826324 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Detection of biomarkers in exhaled breath has been gaining increasing attention as a tool for diagnosis of specific diseases. However, rapid and accurate quantification of biomarkers associated with specific diseases requires the use of analytical methods capable of fast sampling and preconcentration from breath matrix. In this regard, solid phase microextraction and needle trap technology are becoming increasingly popular in the field of breath analysis due to the unique benefits imparted by such methods, such as the integration of sampling, extraction, and preconcentration in a single step. This review discusses recent advances in breath analysis using these sample preparation techniques, providing a summary of recent developments of analytical methods based on breath volatile organic compounds analysis, including the successful identification of various biomarkers related to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Varoon Singh
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Grandy
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Zhou S, Liu N, Shen C, Zhang L, He T, Yu B, Li J. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on back-propagation (BP) neural network applied for simultaneously detection of exhaled CO and N 2O. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117332. [PMID: 31288168 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A compact high-resolution spectroscopic sensor using a thermoelectrically (TE) cooled continuous-wave (CW) room temperature (RT) quantum cascade laser (QCL) was demonstrated for simultaneous measurements of exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The sampling pressure was optimized to improve the sensitivity, the optimal pressure was determined to be 150 mbar based on an optical density analysis of simulated and measured absorption spectra. An adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm based on back-propagation (BP) neural network was developed and proposed for real-time exhaled breath analysis in order to perform fast and high precision on-line measurements. The detection limits (1σ) of 1.14 ppb and 1.12 ppb were experimentally achieved for CO and N2O detection, respectively. Typical concentrations of exhaled CO and N2O from smokers and non-smokers were analyzed. The experimental results indicated that the state-of-the-art CW-QCL based sensor has a great potential for non-invasive, on-line identification and quantification of biomarkers in human breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China.
| | - Ningwu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Chongyang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Tianbo He
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Benli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China; Laser Spectroscopy and Sensing Laboratory, Anhui University, 230601 Hefei, China.
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27
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Kim J, Hong UG, Choi Y, Hong S. Enhancing the evanescent field in TiO2/Au hybrid thin films creates a highly sensitive room-temperature formaldehyde gas biosensor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 182:110303. [PMID: 31299539 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Gi Hong
- R&D center, SK Gas, Gyeonggi 13493, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbo Choi
- Department of Safety Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| | - Surin Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, CHA University, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Zhou M, Sharma R, Zhu H, Li Z, Li J, Wang S, Bisco E, Massey J, Pennington A, Sjoding M, Dickson RP, Park P, Hyzy R, Napolitano L, Gillies CE, Ward KR, Fan X. Rapid breath analysis for acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnostics using a portable two-dimensional gas chromatography device. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6435-6447. [PMID: 31367803 PMCID: PMC6722019 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of acute lung injury, responsible for high mortality and long-term morbidity. As a dynamic syndrome with multiple etiologies, its timely diagnosis is difficult as is tracking the course of the syndrome. Therefore, there is a significant need for early, rapid detection and diagnosis as well as clinical trajectory monitoring of ARDS. Here, we report our work on using human breath to differentiate ARDS and non-ARDS causes of respiratory failure. A fully automated portable 2-dimensional gas chromatography device with high peak capacity (> 200 at the resolution of 1), high sensitivity (sub-ppb), and rapid analysis capability (~ 30 min) was designed and made in-house for on-site analysis of patients' breath. A total of 85 breath samples from 48 ARDS patients and controls were collected. Ninety-seven elution peaks were separated and detected in 13 min. An algorithm based on machine learning, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was developed. As compared to the adjudications done by physicians based on the Berlin criteria, our device and algorithm achieved an overall accuracy of 87.1% with 94.1% positive predictive value and 82.4% negative predictive value. The high overall accuracy and high positive predicative value suggest that the breath analysis method can accurately diagnose ARDS. The ability to continuously and non-invasively monitor exhaled breath for early diagnosis, disease trajectory tracking, and outcome prediction monitoring of ARDS may have a significant impact on changing practice and improving patient outcomes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hongbo Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Erin Bisco
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Justin Massey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amanda Pennington
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael Sjoding
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert P Dickson
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pauline Park
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery: Section of Acute Care Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert Hyzy
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lena Napolitano
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery: Section of Acute Care Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Christopher E Gillies
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kevin R Ward
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Alam S, Ansari MS, Banik A, Ali R, Verma S, Qureshi M. Ultrasensitive NO X Detection in Simulated Exhaled Air: Enhanced Sensing via Alumina Modification of In-Situ Grown WO 3 Nanoblocks. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4673-4680. [PMID: 31420935 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Seedless growth of vertically aligned nanostructures, which can induce smoother transport and minimize Ohmic contact between substrate and semiconductor, can be fabricated by in situ growth utilizing modified hydrothermal methods. Such devices can be useful in designing non-invasive ultrasensitive hand-held sensors for diagnostic identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air, offering pain-free and easier detection of long-term diseases such as asthma. In the present work, WO3 nanoblocks, with a high surface area and porosity, have been grown directly over transparent conducting oxide to minimize Ohmic resistance, facilitating smoother electron transfer and enhanced current response. Further modification with porous alumina (γ-Al2 O3 ), by electrodeposition, resulted in the selective and ultrasensitive detection of NOX in simulated exhaled air. Crystal phase purity of as-fabricated pristine as well modified samples is validated with X-ray diffraction analysis. Morphological and microstructural analyses reveal the successful deposition of porous alumina over the surface of WO3 . Improved surface area and porosity is presented by porous alumina in the modified WO3 device, suggesting more active sites for the gas molecules to get adsorbed and diffuse through the pores. Oxygen vacancies, which are detrimental in the transport phenomenon in the presented sensors, have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. Gas sensing studies have been performed by fabricating chemiresistor devices based on bare WO3 and Al2 O3 -modified WO3 . The higher sensitivity for NOX gas in case of γ-Al2 O3 -modified WO3 based devices, as compared to bare WO3 -based devices, is attributed to the better surface area and charge transport kinetics. The presented device strategy offers crucial understanding in the design and development of non-invasive, hand-held devices for NO gas present in the human breath, with potential application in medical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaib Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mohammad Shaad Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Avishek Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P, 208016, India
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, U.P, 208016, India
| | - Mohammad Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
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30
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Abdulla S, Dhakshinamoorthy J, Mohan V, Veeran Ponnuvelu D, Krishnan Kallidaikuruchi V, Mathew Thalakkotil L, Pullithadathil B. Development of low-cost hybrid multi-walled carbon nanotube-based ammonia gas-sensing strips with an integrated sensor read-out system for clinical breath analyzer applications. J Breath Res 2019; 13:046005. [PMID: 31170701 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab278b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the development of Ag@polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite-based sensor strips and a suitable integrated electronic read-out system for the measurement of trace-level concentrations of ammonia (NH3). The sensor is optimized under various operating conditions and the resulting sensor exhibited an enhanced response (32% for 2 ppm) with excellent selectivity. Stable performance was observed towards NH3 in the presence of high concentrations of CO2 (>40 000 ppm), simulated and real breath samples. A suitable electronic sensor read-out system has also been designed and developed based on multi-scale resistance-to-voltage conversion architecture, processed by a 32-bit microcontroller which is operatable over a wide range of sensor resistance (1 kΩ to 200 MΩ). As a proof of concept, integration of gas-sensing strips with the electronic read-out system was tested with various levels of NH3 (<2 ppm as normal, >2 ppm as critical and 2 ppm as threshold), which is important for clinical breath analyzer applications. The developed prototype device can be readily incorporated into a portable, low-cost and non-invasive point-of-care breath NH3 detection unit for portable pre-diagnostic breath analyzer applications.
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31
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Catino A, de Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Facchini L, Galetta D, Palmisani J, Porcelli F, Varesano N. Breath Analysis: A Systematic Review of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Management of Pleural Mesothelioma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E831. [PMID: 31207975 PMCID: PMC6627570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare neoplasm related to asbestos exposure and with high mortality rate. The management of patients with MPM is complex and controversial, particularly with regard to early diagnosis. In the last few years, breath analysis has been greatly implemented with this aim. In this review the strengths of breath analysis and preliminary results in searching breath biomarkers of MPM are highlighted and discussed, respectively. Through a systematic electronic literature search, collecting papers published from 2000 until December 2018, fifteen relevant scientific papers were selected. All papers considered were prospective, comparative, observational case-control studies although every single one pilot and based on a relatively small number of samples. The identification of diagnostic VOCs pattern, through breath sample characterization and the statistical data treatment, allows to obtain a strategic information for clinical diagnostics. To date the collected data provide just preliminary information and, despite the promising results and diagnostic accuracy, conclusions cannot be generalized due to the limited number of individuals included in each cohort study. Furthermore none of studies was externally validated, although validation process is a necessary step towards clinical implementation. Breathomics-based biomarker approach should be further explored to confirm and validate preliminary findings and to evaluate its potential role in monitoring the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Catino
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Laura Facchini
- Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Domenico Galetta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Niccolò Varesano
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Centre "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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32
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Tiele A, Wicaksono A, Kansara J, Arasaradnam RP, Covington JA. Breath Analysis Using eNose and Ion Mobility Technology to Diagnose Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Pilot Study. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2019; 9:bios9020055. [PMID: 31013848 PMCID: PMC6627846 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), remains a clinical challenge with current tests being invasive and costly. The analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath and biomarkers in stool (faecal calprotectin (FCP)) show increasing potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the efficacy of breath analysis and determine if FCP can be used as an additional non-invasive parameter to supplement breath results, for the diagnosis of IBD. Thirty-nine subjects were recruited (14 CD, 16 UC, 9 controls). Breath samples were analysed using an in-house built electronic nose (Wolf eNose) and commercial gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometer (G.A.S. BreathSpec GC-IMS). Both technologies could consistently separate IBD and controls [AUC ± 95%, sensitivity, specificity], eNose: [0.81, 0.67, 0.89]; GC-IMS: [0.93, 0.87, 0.89]. Furthermore, we could separate CD from UC, eNose: [0.88, 0.71, 0.88]; GC-IMS: [0.71, 0.86, 0.62]. Including FCP did not improve distinction between CD vs UC; eNose: [0.74, 1.00, 0.56], but rather, improved separation of CD vs controls and UC vs controls; eNose: [0.77, 0.55, 1.00] and [0.72, 0.89, 0.67] without FCP, [0.81, 0.73, 0.78] and [0.90, 1.00, 0.78] with FCP, respectively. These results confirm the utility of breath analysis to distinguish between IBD-related diagnostic groups. FCP does not add significant diagnostic value to breath analysis within this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tiele
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Alfian Wicaksono
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jiten Kansara
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK.
- Applied Biological Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
- Health and Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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33
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Welearegay TG, Diouani MF, Österlund L, Ionescu F, Belgacem K, Smadhi H, Khaled S, Kidar A, Cindemir U, Laouini D, Ionescu R. Ligand-Capped Ultrapure Metal Nanoparticle Sensors for the Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Disease in Exhaled Breath. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2532-2540. [PMID: 30403135 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human cutaneous leishmaniasis, although designated as one of the most neglected tropical diseases, remains underestimated due to its misdiagnosis. The diagnosis is mainly based on the microscopic detection of amastigote forms, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of Leishmania DNA, in addition to its differential clinical characterization; these tools are not always available in routine daily practice, and they are expensive and time-consuming. Here, we present a simple-to-use, noninvasive approach for human cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis, which is based on the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath with an array of specifically designed chemical gas sensors. The study was realized on a group of n = 28 volunteers diagnosed with human cutaneous leishmaniasis and a group of n = 32 healthy controls, recruited in various sites from Tunisia, an endemic country of the disease. The classification success rate of human cutaneous leishmaniasis patients achieved by our sensors test was 98.2% accuracy, 96.4% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Remarkably, one of the sensors, based on CuNPs functionalized with 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, yielded 100% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for human cutaneous leishmaniasis discrimination. While AuNPs have been the most extensively used in metal nanoparticle-ligand sensing films for breath sensing, our results demonstrate that chemical sensors based on ligand-capped CuNPs also hold great potential for breath volatile organic compounds detection. Additionally, the chemical analysis of the breath samples with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified nine putative breath biomarkers for human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfalem Geremariam Welearegay
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Mohamed Fethi Diouani
- Institut Pasteur
de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology
(LEMV), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Lars Österlund
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala 75655, Sweden
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Florina Ionescu
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Kamel Belgacem
- Institut Pasteur
de Tunis, LR11IPT03, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology
(LEMV), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Hanen Smadhi
- Ibn Nafis Pneumology Department, Abderrahman Mami Hospital, Ariana 2080, Tunisia
| | - Samira Khaled
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Rue 9 Avril 1938, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhamid Kidar
- Regional Hospital Houssine Bouzaiene of Gafsa, Gafsa Douali 2100, Tunisia
| | - Umut Cindemir
- Molecular Fingerprint AB Sweden, Uppsala 75655, Sweden
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT02, Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections (LTCII), University Tunis El Manar, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Radu Ionescu
- MINOS-EMaS, Department of Electronics, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- The Ångström Laboratory, Division of Solid State Physics, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
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Wang M, Sheng J, Wu Q, Zou Y, Hu Y, Ying K, Wan H, Wang P. Confounding effect of benign pulmonary diseases in selecting volatile organic compounds as markers of lung cancer. J Breath Res 2018; 12:046013. [PMID: 30102249 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aad9cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally, and exhaled breath testing has been considered as a fast, convenient and non-invasive way to diagnose LC in its early stages. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as markers of LC in exhaled breath, have been widely investigated for cancer diagnosis. However, few studies have reported on the interference of benign pulmonary diseases (BPD) in the selection of VOC markers for LC. During this study, 207 samples were analyzed using thermal desorption instrumentation/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD-GCMS) to detect C6-C30 VOCs, and all samples were divided into four groups: LC group, BPD group, lung disease (LD) group (including LC group and BPD group) and healthy group. To make up for the deficiency of detecting low carbon hydrocarbons (<C6), 277 samples were analyzed using solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS), divided among the four groups. VOC markers were selected by reference to the receiver operating characteristics curve. With the comparisons among the LC group, BPD group and healthy group from TD-GCMS and SPME-GCMS results, we found that exhaled VOCs are capable of discriminating LC group versus healthy group and BPD group versus healthy group with a consistency of 70%-80%. However, no VOCs can be selected with good discrimination capability between the LC group and BPD group, indicating that BPD interferes significantly in VOC marker selection for LC. To discriminate breath samples from the LD group and healthy group, 11 VOCs, including ten selected from TD-GCMS and one from SPME-GCMS, were chosen as markers for LD diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of the diagnostic model established using ten VOCs were 80.8%, 84% and 82.7%, and those of the model established by using one VOC were 75.6%, 78.9% and 76.7%. These results validate that LD patients can be effectively discriminated and diagnosed using exhaled VOC analysis. (Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-DCD-15007106.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China. State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
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35
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Shin W, Goto T, Nagai D, Itoh T, Tsuruta A, Akamatsu T, Sato K. Thermoelectric Array Sensors with Selective Combustion Catalysts for Breath Gas Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E1579. [PMID: 29772659 PMCID: PMC5982651 DOI: 10.3390/s18051579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammable breath gases such as H₂ and CH₄ are used as bio markers for monitoring the condition of the colon. However, their typical concentrations of below 100 ppm pose sensitivity and selectivity challenges to current gas sensing systems without the use of chromatography. We fabricated a compact, gas-selective thermoelectric array sensor (TAS) that uses micro-machined sensor devices with three different combustion catalysts to detect gases such as H₂, CO, and CH₄ in breath. Using Pt/Pt-W thin-film micro-heater meanders, Pd/Al₂O₃, Pt,Pd,Au/Co₃O₄, and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts were heated to 320, 200, and 125 °C, respectively, and the gas sensing performances of the TAS for each gas and for a model breath gas mixture of 100 ppm H₂, 25 ppm CO, 50 ppm CH₄, and 199 ppm CO₂ in air were investigated. Owing to its high catalyst temperature, the Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst burned all three gases, while the Pt,Pd,Au/Co₃O₄ burned CO and H₂ and the Pt/Al₂O₃ burned H₂ selectively. To calibrate the gas concentration of the mixture gas without the use of a gas separation tool, linear discriminant analysis was applied to measure the sensing performance of TAS. To enhance the gas selectivity against H₂, a double catalyst structure was integrated into the TAS sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woosuck Shin
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Tomoyo Goto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Nagai
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Toshio Itoh
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsuruta
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Akamatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Shimo-Shidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Sato
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 470-0392, Japan.
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36
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Systematic approaches for biodiagnostics using exhaled air. J Control Release 2017; 268:282-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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37
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Costanzo MT, Boock JJ, Kemperman RHJ, Wei MS, Beekman CR, Yost RA. Portable FAIMS: Applications and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 422:188-196. [PMID: 29335669 PMCID: PMC5765550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized mass spectrometry (MMS) is optimal for a wide variety of applications that benefit from field-portable instrumentation. Like MMS, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has proven capable of providing in situ analysis, allowing researchers to bring the lab to the sample. FAIMS compliments MMS very well, but has the added benefit of operating at atmospheric pressure, unlike MS. This distinct advantage makes FAIMS uniquely suited for portability. Since its inception, FAIMS has been envisioned as a field-portable device, as it affords less expense and greater simplicity than many similar methods. Ideally, these are simple, robust devices that may be operated by non-professional personnel, yet still provide adequate data when in the field. While reducing the size and complexity tends to bring with it a loss of performance and accuracy, this is made up for by the incredibly high throughput and overall convenience of the instrument. Moreover, the FAIMS device used in the field can be brought back to the lab, and coupled to a conventional mass spectrometer to provide any necessary method development and compound validation. This work discusses the various considerations, uses, and applications for portable FAIMS instrumentation, and how the future of each applicable field may benefit from the development and acceptance of such a device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael S. Wei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611
| | | | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville, FL 32611
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38
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Lagniau S, Lamote K, van Meerbeeck JP, Vermaelen KY. Biomarkers for early diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma: Do we need another moonshot? Oncotarget 2017; 8:53751-53762. [PMID: 28881848 PMCID: PMC5581147 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a challenge for clinicians. The disease is usually detected in an advanced stage which precludes curative treatment. We assume that only new and non-invasive biomarkers allowing earlier detection will result in better patient management and outcome. Many efforts have already been made to find suitable biomarkers in blood and pleural effusions, but have not yet resulted in a valid and reproducible diagnostic one. In this review, we will highlight the strengths and shortcomings of blood and fluid based biomarkers and highlight the potential of breath analysis as a non-invasive screening tool for MPM. This method seems very promising in the early detection of diverse malignancies, because exhaled breath contains valuable information on cell and tissue metabolism. Research that focuses on breath biomarkers in MPM is in its early days, but the few studies that have been performed show promising results. We believe a breathomics-based biomarker approach should be further explored to improve the follow-up and management of asbestos exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lagniau
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Lamote
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan P. van Meerbeeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Thoracic Oncology/MOCA, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karim Y. Vermaelen
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Kou L, Zhang D, Liu D. A Novel Medical E-Nose Signal Analysis System. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040402. [PMID: 28379168 PMCID: PMC5419773 DOI: 10.3390/s17040402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been proven that certain biomarkers in people’s breath have a relationship with diseases and blood glucose levels (BGLs). As a result, it is possible to detect diseases and predict BGLs by analysis of breath samples captured by e-noses. In this paper, a novel optimized medical e-nose system specified for disease diagnosis and BGL prediction is proposed. A large-scale breath dataset has been collected using the proposed system. Experiments have been organized on the collected dataset and the experimental results have shown that the proposed system can well solve the problems of existing systems. The methods have effectively improved the classification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kou
- Biometrics Research Center, Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - David Zhang
- Biometrics Research Center, Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen graduate school, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen graduate school, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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40
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Gong X, Shi S, Gamez G. Real-Time Quantitative Analysis of Valproic Acid in Exhaled Breath by Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:678-687. [PMID: 27830528 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Real-time analysis of exhaled human breath is a rapidly growing field in analytical science and has great potential for rapid and noninvasive clinical diagnosis and drug monitoring. In the present study, an LTP-MS method was developed for real-time, in-vivo and quantitative analysis of γ-valprolactone, a metabolite of valproic acid (VPA), in exhaled breath without any sample pretreatment. In particular, the effect of working conditions and geometry of the LTP source on the ions of interest, protonated molecular ion at m/z 143 and ammonium adduct ion at m/z 160, were systematically characterized. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with collision-induced dissociation (CID) was carried out in order to identify γ-valprolactone molecular ions (m/z 143), and the key fragment ion (m/z 97) was used for quantitation. In addition, the fragmentation of ammonium adduct ions to protonated molecular ions was performed in-source to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. At optimum conditions, signal reproducibility with an RSD of 8% was achieved. The concentration of γ-valprolactone in exhaled breath was determined for the first time to be 4.83 (±0.32) ng/L by using standard addition method. Also, a calibration curve was obtained with a linear range from 0.7 to 22.5 ng/L, and the limit of detection was 0.18 ng/L for γ-valprolactone in standard gas samples. Our results show that LTP-MS is a powerful analytical platform with high sensitivity for quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in human breath, and can have potential applications in pharmacokinetics or for patient monitoring and treatment. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Gong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Songyue Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA
| | - Gerardo Gamez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409-1061, USA.
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41
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Wadamori N. Possible photoacoustic gas detection for a smart endoscope. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:2075-2078. [PMID: 28268739 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous gas analysis is a potentially fast and convenient noninvasive diagnostic method for a variety of diseases. However, sampling and sample preparation are error-prone steps and must be optimized to achieve reliable results. A miniature photoacoustic system was developed to allow gas sampling using a smart endoscope. The photoacoustic system was demonstrated to have a 1% detection limit for CO2, which is too high. Many improvements, including modifying the structure of PA cell, must be considered for further development.
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42
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Li J, Xu H. A novel polyaniline/polypyrrole/graphene oxide fiber for the determination of volatile organic compounds in headspace gas of lung cell lines. Talanta 2017; 167:623-629. [PMID: 28340770 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated by lung cell lines is a powerful and non-invasive tool for the detection of potential volatile biomarkers of lung cancer. In this study, a simple and sensitive solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of VOCs in the headspace gas of lung cell lines. For the purpose of preconcentration, a novel polyaniline/polypyrrole/graphene oxide (PANI/PPy/GO) coating was prepared on the surface of stainless steel fiber via in-situ electrochemical deposition for the first time. The characteristic properties of the coating were studied and the results revealed that the coating possessed large surface area, high extraction efficiency, excellent thermal and mechanical stability as well as long lifespan. Some parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as synthesis conditions, extraction and desorption conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the method displayed relatively wide linear range (three or four orders of magnitude) with correlation coefficients above 0.9916. Low detection limits from 1.0 to 12ngL-1 were obtained. Relative standard deviations ranged from 1.2% to 18.0% indicating good repeatability and reproducibility of the method. This method has been successfully applied to analyze VOCs in the headspace gas of lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549) and human embryonic fibroblast cell line (MRC-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- JingHong Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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43
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Cossel KC, Waxman EM, Finneran IA, Blake GA, Ye J, Newbury NR. Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2017; 34:104-129. [PMID: 28630530 PMCID: PMC5473295 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broad-band spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly-used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broad-band spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Cossel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Waxman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ian A. Finneran
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Geoffrey A. Blake
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nathan R. Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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44
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Schwaighofer A, Brandstetter M, Lendl B. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in biomedical spectroscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5903-5924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00403f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the recent applications of QCLs in mid-IR spectroscopy of clinically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schwaighofer
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | | | - Bernhard Lendl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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45
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Pleil JD. Breath biomarkers in toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2669-2682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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46
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Bayrakli I, Turkmen A, Akman H, Sezer MT, Kutluhan S. Applications of external cavity diode laser-based technique to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: chronic kidney disease, epilepsy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:87004. [PMID: 27533447 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.8.087004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An external cavity laser (ECL)-based off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy was applied to noninvasive clinical diagnosis using expired breath ammonia analysis: (1) the correlation between breath ammonia levels and blood parameters related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) was investigated and (2) the relationship between breath ammonia levels and blood concentrations of valproic acid (VAP) was studied. The concentrations of breath ammonia in 15 healthy volunteers, 10 epilepsy patients (before and after taking VAP), and 27 patients with different stages of CKD were examined. The range of breath ammonia levels was 120 to 530 ppb for healthy subjects and 710 to 10,400 ppb for patients with CKD. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between breath ammonia concentrations and urea, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, or estimated glomerular filtration rate in 27 patients. It was demonstrated that taking VAP gave rise to increasing breath ammonia levels. A statistically significant difference was found between the levels of exhaled ammonia (NH3) in healthy subjects and in patients with epilepsy before and after taking VAP. The results suggest that our breath ammonia measurement system has great potential as an easy, noninvasive, real-time, and continuous monitor of the clinical parameters related to epilepsy and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bayrakli
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampüsü Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Turkmen
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampüsü Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hatice Akman
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampüsü Isparta, Turkey
| | - M Tugrul Sezer
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Dogu kampüsü Isparta, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kutluhan
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Dogu kampüsü, Isparta, Turkey
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47
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Bayrakli I, Turkmen A, Cem Kockar M. Feasibility Study of Using Breath Ammonia Analysis Based on Off-Axis Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy with External Cavity Diode Laser for Noninvasive Real-Time Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1269-1277. [PMID: 27296306 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816654052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of using breath ammonia analysis based on off-axis cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OA-CEAS) with an external-cavity diode laser (ECL) for noninvasive, real-time diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Analyses are performed for the breath of 15 healthy volunteers, and eight children and 19 adults with HP infection. The range of ammonia levels for healthy participants is determined to be between 178 and 610 ppb, whereas the ranges for child and adult patients with HP infection are measured to be 457-2470 ppb and 450-2990 ppb, respectively. The ammonia concentrations for patients with HP infection are significantly higher than the concentrations for healthy volunteers. However, no sharp boundary between the ammonia concentrations in the breath of patients with HP infection and healthy volunteers is observed. No correlation between breath ammonia and either body mass index (BMI) or age is found. The reported results suggest that our breath ammonia measurement system has the potential for future use in easy, noninvasive diagnosis of HP infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Bayrakli
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Turkmen
- Suleyman Demirel University, Biomedical Engineering, Bati kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Cem Kockar
- Suleyman Demirel University, School of Medicine, Dogu kampusu, Isparta, Turkey
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48
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Techniques and issues in breath and clinical sample headspace analysis for disease diagnosis. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:677-90. [PMID: 26978667 DOI: 10.4155/bio.16.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath or clinical samples for disease diagnosis is an attractive proposition because it is noninvasive and rapid. There are numerous studies showing its potential, yet there are barriers to its development. Sampling and sample handling is difficult, and when coupled with a variety of analytical instrumentation, the same samples can give different results. Background air and the environment a person has been exposed to can greatly affect the VOCs emitted by the body; however, this is not an easy problem to solve. This review investigates the use of VOCs in disease diagnosis, the analytical techniques employed and the problems associated with sample handling and standardization. It then suggests the barriers to future development.
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49
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Güntner AT, Koren V, Chikkadi K, Righettoni M, Pratsinis SE. E-Nose Sensing of Low-ppb Formaldehyde in Gas Mixtures at High Relative Humidity for Breath Screening of Lung Cancer? ACS Sens 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas T. Güntner
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vitaly Koren
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kiran Chikkadi
- Chair
in Micro and Nanosystems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Tannenstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Righettoni
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sotiris E. Pratsinis
- Particle
Technology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 3, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Sahoo R, Santra S, Ray C, Pal A, Negishi Y, Ray SK, Pal T. Hierarchical growth of ZnFe2O4 for sensing applications. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Selective sensing of toxic heavy metals Hg(ii) and environmentally hazardous acetone vapour using mesoporous ZnFe2O4 NFs, synthesized from our laboratory developed modified hydrothermal technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Sumita Santra
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Chaiti Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Anjali Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Tokyo University of Science
- Tokyo-1628601, Japan
| | - Samit Kumar Ray
- Department of Physics
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Tarasankar Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Kharagpur-721302, India
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