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Qiu M, Zhang J, Wei W, Zhang Y, Li M, Bai Y, Wang H, Meng Q, Guo DA. Integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis and Network Pharmacology to Reveal the Neuroprotective Mechanisms and Potential Pharmacological Ingredients of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus and Aurantii Fructus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:239. [PMID: 38399454 PMCID: PMC10892462 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Aurantii Fructus (AF) and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) have been used for thousands of years as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with sedative effects. Modern studies have shown that Citrus plants also have protective effects on the nervous system. However, the effective substances and mechanisms of action in Citrus TCMs still remain unclear. In order to explore the pharmacodynamic profiles of identified substances and the action mechanism of these herbs, a comprehensive approach combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS) analysis and network pharmacology was employed. Firstly, UNIFI 2.1.1 software was used to identify the chemical characteristics of AF and AFI. Secondly, the SwissTargetPrediction database was used to predict the targets of chemical components in AF and AFI. Targets for neuroprotection were also collected from GeneCards: The Human Gene Database (GeneCards-Human Genes|Gene Database|Gene Search). The networks between targets and compounds or diseases were then constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Finally, the Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Database (DAVID) (DAVID Functional Annotation Bioinformatics Microarray Analysis) was used for GO and pathway enrichment analysis. The results showed that 50 of 188 compounds in AF and AFI may have neuroprotective biological activities. These activities are associated with the regulatory effects of related components on 146 important signaling pathways, derived from the KEGG (KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), such as neurodegeneration (hsa05022), the Alzheimer's disease pathway (hsa05010), the NF-kappa B signaling pathway (hsa04064), the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 signaling pathway (hsa04066), apoptosis (hsa04210), the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance signaling pathway (hsa01521), and others, by targeting 108 proteins, including xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B (GRIN2B), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), among others. These targets are thought to be related to inflammation, neural function and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Qiu
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Wenlong Wei
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hanze Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Qian Meng
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
| | - De-an Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200100, China; (M.Q.)
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
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de León-Solis C, Casasola V, Monterroso T. Metabolomics as a tool for geographic origin assessment of roasted and green coffee beans. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21402. [PMID: 38028010 PMCID: PMC10651463 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is widely consumed across the globe. The most sought out varieties are Arabica and Robusta which differ significantly in their aroma and taste. Furthermore, varieties cultivated in different regions are perceived to have distinct characteristics encouraging some producers to adopt the denomination of origin label. These differences arise from variations on metabolite content related to edaphoclimatic conditions and post-harvest management among other factors. Although sensory analysis is still standard for coffee brews, instrumental analysis of the roasted and green beans to assess the quality of the final product has been encouraged. Metabolomic profiling has risen as a promising approach not only for quality purposes but also for geographic origin assignment. Many techniques can be applied for sample analysis: chromatography, mass spectrometry, and NMR have been explored. The data collected is further sorted by multivariate analysis to identify similar characteristics among the samples, reduce dimensionality and/or even propose a model for predictive purposes. This review focuses on the evolution of metabolomic profiling for the geographic origin assessment of roasted and green coffee beans in the last 21 years, the techniques that are usually applied for sample analysis and also the most common approaches for the multivariate analysis of the collected data. The prospect of applying a wide range of analytical techniques is becoming an unbiased approach to determine the origin of different roasted and green coffee beans samples with great correlation. Predictive models worked accurately for the geographic assignment of unknown samples once the variety was known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia de León-Solis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas, Mariano Gálvez University, 3 Avenida 9-00 zona 2, 01002, Interior Finca El Zapote, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Victoria Casasola
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas, Mariano Gálvez University, 3 Avenida 9-00 zona 2, 01002, Interior Finca El Zapote, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Tania Monterroso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Biológicas, Biomédicas y Biofísicas, Mariano Gálvez University, 3 Avenida 9-00 zona 2, 01002, Interior Finca El Zapote, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
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Qi G, Zou H, Peng X, He S, Zhang Q, Ye W, Jiang Y, Wang W, Ren G, Qu X. Metabolic Footprinting-Based DNA-AuNP Encoders for Extracellular Metabolic Response Profiling. Anal Chem 2023; 95:8088-8096. [PMID: 37155931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic footprinting as a convenient and non-invasive cell metabolomics strategy relies on monitoring the whole extracellular metabolic process. It covers nutrient consumption and metabolite secretion of in vitro cell culture, which is hindered by low universality owing to pre-treatment of the cell medium and special equipment. Here, we report the design and a variety of applicability, for quantifying extracellular metabolism, of fluorescently labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-AuNP encoders, whose multi-modal signal response is triggered by extracellular metabolites. We constructed metabolic response profiling of cells by detecting extracellular metabolites in different tumor cells and drug-induced extracellular metabolites. We further assessed the extracellular metabolism differences using a machine learning algorithm. This metabolic response profiling based on the DNA-AuNP encoder strategy is a powerful complement to metabolic footprinting, which significantly applies potential non-invasive identification of tumor cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Haixia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | | | - Shiliang He
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Guangli Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xiangmeng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province and School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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4
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A semi-targeted NMR-based chemical profiling of retail samples of Mexican gordolobo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abraham EJ, Kellogg JJ. Chemometric-Guided Approaches for Profiling and Authenticating Botanical Materials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:780228. [PMID: 34901127 PMCID: PMC8663772 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.780228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanical supplements with broad traditional and medicinal uses represent an area of growing importance for American health management; 25% of U.S. adults use dietary supplements daily and collectively spent over $9. 5 billion in 2019 in herbal and botanical supplements alone. To understand how natural products benefit human health and determine potential safety concerns, careful in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are required. However, botanicals are innately complex systems, with complicated compositions that defy many standard analytical approaches and fluctuate based upon a plethora of factors, including genetics, growth conditions, and harvesting/processing procedures. Robust studies rely upon accurate identification of the plant material, and botanicals' increasing economic and health importance demand reproducible sourcing, as well as assessment of contamination or adulteration. These quality control needs for botanical products remain a significant problem plaguing researchers in academia as well as the supplement industry, thus posing a risk to consumers and possibly rendering clinical data irreproducible and/or irrelevant. Chemometric approaches that analyze the small molecule composition of materials provide a reliable and high-throughput avenue for botanical authentication. This review emphasizes the need for consistent material and provides insight into the roles of various modern chemometric analyses in evaluating and authenticating botanicals, focusing on advanced methodologies, including targeted and untargeted metabolite analysis, as well as the role of multivariate statistical modeling and machine learning in phytochemical characterization. Furthermore, we will discuss how chemometric approaches can be integrated with orthogonal techniques to provide a more robust approach to authentication, and provide directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn J Abraham
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States
| | - Joshua J Kellogg
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University (PSU), University Park, PA, United States.,Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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Fu L, Zheng Y, Wang A, Zhang P, Ding S, Wu W, Zhou Q, Chen F, Zhao S. Identification of medicinal herbs in Asteraceae and Polygonaceae using an electrochemical fingerprint recorded using screen-printed electrode. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fernández-Ochoa Á, Leyva-Jiménez FJ, De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea M, Pimentel-Moral S, Segura-Carretero A. The Role of High-Resolution Analytical Techniques in the Development of Functional Foods. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063220. [PMID: 33809986 PMCID: PMC8004826 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The approaches based on high-resolution analytical techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance or mass spectrometry coupled to chromatographic techniques, have a determining role in several of the stages necessary for the development of functional foods. The analyses of botanical extracts rich in bioactive compounds is one of the fundamental steps in order to identify and quantify their phytochemical composition. However, the compounds characterized in the extracts are not always responsible for the bioactive properties because they generally undergo metabolic reactions before reaching the therapeutic targets. For this reason, analytical techniques are also applied to analyze biological samples to know the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and/or metabolism of the compounds ingested by animal or human models in nutritional intervention studies. In addition, these studies have also been applied to determine changes of endogenous metabolites caused by prolonged intake of compounds with bioactive potential. This review aims to describe the main types and modes of application of high-resolution analytical techniques in all these steps for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Metabolomics Platform, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Francisco Javier Leyva-Jiménez
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María De la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
- Correspondence: (Á.F.-O.); (M.D.l.L.C.-G.)
| | - Sandra Pimentel-Moral
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18100 Granada, Spain; (F.J.L.-J.); (A.S.-C.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain;
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Jia XX, Li S, Han DP, Chen RP, Yao ZY, Ning BA, Gao ZX, Fan ZC. Development and perspectives of rapid detection technology in food and environment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4706-4725. [PMID: 33523717 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1878101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Food safety become a hot issue currently with globalization of food trade and food supply chains. Chemical pollution, microbial contamination and adulteration in food have attracted more attention worldwide. Contamination with antibiotics, estrogens and heavy metals in water environment and soil environment have also turn into an enormous threat to food safety. Traditional small-scale, long-term detection technologies have been unable to meet the current needs. In the monitoring process, rapid, convenient, accurate analysis and detection technologies have become the future development trend. We critically synthesizing the current knowledge of various rapid detection technology, and briefly touched upon the problem which still exist in research process. The review showed that the application of novel materials promotes the development of rapid detection technology, high-throughput and portability would be popular study directions in the future. Of course, the ultimate aim of the research is how to industrialization these technologies and apply to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Xia Jia
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Peng Han
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Peng Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bao-An Ning
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xian Gao
- Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control Technology for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, China International Scientific & Technological Cooperation Base for Health Biotechnology, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Yun DY, Kang YG, Kim M, Kim D, Kim EH, Hong YS. Metabotyping of different soybean genotypes and distinct metabolism in their seeds and leaves. Food Chem 2020; 330:127198. [PMID: 32535313 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metabolome of three soybean genotypes, Glycine max Hwangkeum (elite or domesticated cultivar), Glycine max Napjakong (landrace or semi-wild cultivar) and Glycine soja Dolkong (wild cultivar), were characterized in seeds and leaves using a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach. Expression of primary and secondary metabolites were different in seeds and leaves as well as amongst soybean genotypes. Different kaempferol glycosides were observed in the leaves but not in the seeds, and quercetin derivatives were found only in G. max Napjakong and G. soja Dolkong. Moreover, epicatechin was found only in the seeds of G. max Napjakong and G. soja Dolkong. These results demonstrate distinct adaptations of different soybean genotypes to given environmental conditions. The current study, therefore, provides useful information on global metabolic compositions that might be used to develop soybean-based products through better understanding of the metabolic phenotypes of existing soybean genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Yong Yun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Kang
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoyeon Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Basic Research & Innovation Division, R&D Center, AmorePacific Corporation, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17074, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongwon-Gu, Cheongju-Si, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Shick Hong
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Youngbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Identifying unknown metabolites using NMR-based metabolic profiling techniques. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2538-2567. [PMID: 32681152 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic profiling of biological samples provides important insights into multiple physiological and pathological processes but is hindered by a lack of automated annotation and standardized methods for structure elucidation of candidate disease biomarkers. Here we describe a system for identifying molecular species derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolic phenotyping studies, with detailed information on sample preparation, data acquisition and data modeling. We provide eight different modular workflows to be followed in a recommended sequential order according to their level of difficulty. This multi-platform system involves the use of statistical spectroscopic tools such as Statistical Total Correlation Spectroscopy (STOCSY), Subset Optimization by Reference Matching (STORM) and Resolution-Enhanced (RED)-STORM to identify other signals in the NMR spectra relating to the same molecule. It also uses two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analysis, separation and pre-concentration techniques, multiple hyphenated analytical platforms and data extraction from existing databases. The complete system, using all eight workflows, would take up to a month, as it includes multi-dimensional NMR experiments that require prolonged experiment times. However, easier identification cases using fewer steps would take 2 or 3 days. This approach to biomarker discovery is efficient and cost-effective and offers increased chemical space coverage of the metabolome, resulting in faster and more accurate assignment of NMR-generated biomarkers arising from metabolic phenotyping studies. It requires a basic understanding of MATLAB to use the statistical spectroscopic tools and analytical skills to perform solid phase extraction (SPE), liquid chromatography (LC) fraction collection, LC-NMR-mass spectroscopy and one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments.
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Kuo CEA, Wu SY, Lee CH, Lai YR, Lu CH, Chen PC, Cheng JH, Tsai LY, Yen KT, Tsao Y, Tsai SM. Toona sinensis modulates autophagy and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110386. [PMID: 32563986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toona sinensis (TS) is a medicinal herb possessing anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties and is used to treat diabetes, cancer, and inflammatory diseases. In traditional Chinese medicine theory, TS clears dampness and heat, strengthens the stomach function, and regulates vital energy flow. TS is also used as an astringent and a pesticide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate how TS influences autophagy and cytokines during the inflammatory process in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The treatment groups were pre-supplemented with TS leaf extract; rapamycin was used to enhance autophagy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was analyzed by western blotting. The survival rate of, and chemokine expression and oxidative stress in the cells were also assessed. TS leaf extract inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at site S2448 in the macrophages. At relatively higher concentrations (50 and 75 μg/mL), TS elevated the expression of light chain 3 II (LC3-II), which further modulated autophagy. Pre-supplementation with TS leaf extract elevated the total glutathione (GSH) level and GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) ratio, but it decreased the GSSG, total nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite, malondialdehyde, and superoxide anion levels. TS reversed the effects of LPS-induced cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10. TS did not induce significant toxicity at the studied concentrations. In conclusion, TS leaf extract may modulate autophagy during inflammation. Furthermore, it may prevent cell damage via anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation. Thus, this study supports the ethnomedical use of TS in the prevention of inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-En Aurea Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912009, Taiwan.
| | - Szu-Ying Wu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912009, Taiwan; Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361028, China
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Lai
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804351, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804351, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Xiamen Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Xiamen, Fujian, 361028, China
| | - Po-Cheng Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Jai-Hong Cheng
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan; Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Tien Yen
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833301, Taiwan
| | - Yu Tsao
- Department of Leisure and Sports Management, Cheng Shiu University, Kaohsiung, 833301, Taiwan; College of Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 807618, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Meng Tsai
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807378, Taiwan.
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Elevated CO2 and temperature influence key proteins and metabolites associated with photosynthesis, antioxidant and carbon metabolism in Picrorhiza kurroa. J Proteomics 2020; 219:103755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Morozov SV, Tkacheva NI, Tkachev AV. On Problems of the Comprehensive Chemical Profiling of Medicinal Plants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019070070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsujimoto T, Yoshitomi T, Maruyama T, Yamamoto Y, Hakamatsuka T, Uchiyama N. High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomic Discrimination of Citrus-Type Crude Drugs and Comparison with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:2116-2123. [PMID: 31322883 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five Citrus-type crude drugs (40 samples) were classified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. The following six flavonoid derivatives were identified as contributors from the loading plots of multivariate analysis: naringin (1), neohesperidin (2), neoeriocitrin (3), narirutin (9), hesperidin (10), and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone (12). Three coumarin derivatives, namely, meranzin (6), meranzin hydrate (7), and meranzin glucoside (8), were also identified as contributors. Furthermore, compared with our previous studies on proton (1H) and 13C NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, the present study revealed that the Citrus-type crude drugs were distinguished with the same pattern; however, the contributors differed between the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics. The high dynamic range of NMR spectroscopy provided broad coverage of the metabolomes including the primary and secondary metabolites. However, LC-MS appeared to be superior in detecting secondary metabolites with high sensitivity, some of which occurred in quantities that were undetectable using NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsujimoto
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshitomi
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamamoto
- Tochimoto Tenkaido Co., Ltd. , Oniya Kaibara-cho , Tamba , Hyogo 669-3315 , Japan
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics , National Institute of Health Sciences , 3-25-26, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki , Kanagawa 210-9501 , Japan
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Kellogg JJ, Paine MF, McCune JS, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Selection and characterization of botanical natural products for research studies: a NaPDI center recommended approach. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1196-1221. [PMID: 30681109 PMCID: PMC6658353 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2018 Dietary supplements, which include botanical (plant-based) natural products, constitute a multi-billion-dollar industry in the US. Regulation and quality control for this industry is an ongoing challenge. While there is general agreement that rigorous scientific studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botanical natural products used by consumers, researchers conducting such studies face a unique set of challenges. Botanical natural products are inherently complex mixtures, with composition that differs depending on myriad factors including variability in genetics, cultivation conditions, and processing methods. Unfortunately, many studies of botanical natural products are carried out with poorly characterized study material, such that the results are irreproducible and difficult to interpret. This review provides recommended approaches for addressing the critical questions that researchers must address prior to in vitro or in vivo (including clinical) evaluation of botanical natural products. We describe selection and authentication of botanical material and identification of key biologically active compounds, and compare state-of-the-art methodologies such as untargeted metabolomics with more traditional targeted methods of characterization. The topics are chosen to be of maximal relevance to researchers, and are reviewed critically with commentary as to which approaches are most practical and useful and what common pitfalls should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jeannine S. McCune
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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Martinez-Farina CF, Driscoll S, Wicks C, Burton I, Wentzell PD, Berrué F. Chemical Barcoding: A Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Based Approach To Ensure the Quality and Safety of Natural Ingredients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7765-7774. [PMID: 31240917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges facing the functional food and natural health product (NHP) industries is sourcing high-quality, functional, natural ingredients for their finished products. Unfortunately, the lack of ingredient standards, modernized analytical methodologies, and industry oversight creates the potential for low quality and, in some cases, deliberate adulteration of ingredients. By exploring a diverse library of NHPs provided by the independent certification organization ISURA, we demonstrated that nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides an innovative solution to authenticate botanicals and warrant the quality and safety of processed foods and manufactured functional ingredients. Two-dimensional NMR experiments were shown to be a robust and reproducible approach to capture the content of complex chemical mixtures, while a binary normalization step allows for emphasizing the chemical diversity in each sample, and unsupervised statistical methodologies provide key advantages to classify, authenticate, and highlight the potential presence of additives and adulterants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo F Martinez-Farina
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Stephen Driscoll
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Chelsi Wicks
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Ian Burton
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
| | - Peter D Wentzell
- Trace Analysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Post Office Box 15000, Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Fabrice Berrué
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development , National Research Council of Canada , 1411 Oxford Street , Halifax , Nova Scotia B3H 3Z1 Canada
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and progressive disease affecting whole synovial joint. The extract pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic biomarkers of OA remain unclear. In this article, we review the studies related to metabolomics of OA, discuss the biomarkers as a tool for early OA diagnosis. Furthermore, we examine the major studies on the application of metabolomics methodology in the complex context of OA and create a bridge from findings in basic science to their clinical utility. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, the tissue metabolomics signature permits a view into transitional phases between the healthy and OA joint. Both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches have been used to interrogate the metabolic alterations that may indicate the complex progression of OA. Specifically, studies on alterations pertaining to lipids, glucose, and amino acid metabolism have aided in the understanding of the complex pathogenesis of OA. The discovery of identified metabolites could be important for diagnosis and staging of OA, as well as for the assessment of efficacy of new drugs.
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Jia-Xi L, Chun-Xia Z, Ying H, Meng-Han Z, Ya-Nan W, Yue-Xin Q, Jing Y, Wen-Zhi Y, Miao-Miao J, De-An G. Application of multiple chemical and biological approaches for quality assessment of Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) by determining both the primary and secondary metabolites. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152826. [PMID: 30836217 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The florets of Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) serve as the source of a reputable herbal medicine targeting gynecological diseases. Conventional investigations regarding the quality control of safflower, however, mainly focused on the secondary metabolites with primary metabolites ignored. PURPOSE To holistically evaluate the quality difference of safflower samples collected from five different producing regions by multiple chemical and biological approaches with both the primary and secondary metabolites considered. METHODS A precursor ions list-triggered data-dependent MS2 approach was established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS) to comprehensively identify the secondary metabolites from safflower. Primary metabolites were identified by various 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Similarity evaluation and quantitative assays of all the characterized primary metabolites and a quinochalcone C-glycoside (QCG) marker, hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), were performed by quantitative 1H NMR (qNMR) using an external standard method. Multiple in vitro models with respect to the antioxidant, anti-platelet aggregation, and antioxidant stress injury effects, were assayed to determine the efficacy differences. RESULTS Totally thirteen primary metabolites (including one nucleoside, two sugars, five organic alkali/acids, and five amino acids) and 135 secondary metabolites (97 QCGs and 38 flavonoids) could be identified or tentatively characterized from safflower. Good chemical consistency was observed between the commercial safflower samples and a standard safflower sample, with similarity varying in the range of 0.95‒0.99. The results from qNMR-oriented quantitative experiments (thirteen primary metabolites and HSYA) and biological assays indicated the quality of safflower samples from Xinjiang (XJ-2 and XJ-4), Hunan (HuN-1 and HuN-2), and Sichuan (SC), was comparable to the standard safflower sample. CONCLUSION The integration of multiple chemical (using two analytical platforms, UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap MS and NMR) and biological (four in vitro models) approaches by determining both the primary and secondary metabolites demonstrated a powerful strategy that could facilitate the holistic quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jia-Xi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhang Chun-Xia
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hu Ying
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Zhang Meng-Han
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wang Ya-Nan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yue-Xin
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yang Jing
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yang Wen-Zhi
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Jiang Miao-Miao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Guo De-An
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Tianjin 300193, China; Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhu MZ, Chen GL, Wu JL, Li N, Liu ZH, Guo MQ. Recent development in mass spectrometry and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:365-374. [PMID: 29687660 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are gaining increasing attention worldwide due to their empirical therapeutic efficacy and being a huge natural compound pool for new drug discovery and development. The efficacy, safety and quality of medicinal plants are the main concerns, which are highly dependent on the comprehensive analysis of chemical components in the medicinal plants. With the advances in mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, comprehensive analysis and fast identification of complex phytochemical components have become feasible, and may meet the needs, for the analysis of medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE Our aim is to provide an overview on the latest developments in MS and its hyphenated technique and their applications for the comprehensive analysis of medicinal plants. METHODOLOGY Application of various MS and its hyphenated techniques for the analysis of medicinal plants, including but not limited to one-dimensional chromatography, multiple-dimensional chromatography coupled to MS, ambient ionisation MS, and mass spectral database, have been reviewed and compared in this work. RESULTS Recent advancs in MS and its hyphenated techniques have made MS one of the most powerful tools for the analysis of complex extracts from medicinal plants due to its excellent separation and identification ability, high sensitivity and resolution, and wide detection dynamic range. CONCLUSION To achieve high-throughput or multi-dimensional analysis of medicinal plants, the state-of-the-art MS and its hyphenated techniques have played, and will continue to play a great role in being the major platform for their further research in order to obtain insight into both their empirical therapeutic efficacy and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Zhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Gui-Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zhong-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Quan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- The Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Hu W, Sun DW, Pu H, Pan T. Recent Developments in Methods and Techniques for Rapid Monitoring of Sugar Metabolism in Fruits. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2016; 15:1067-1079. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
- Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology, Univ. College Dublin, Agriculture and Food Science Centre; Natl. Univ. of Ireland; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Hongbin Pu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Tingtiao Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China
- Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center; South China Univ. of Technology; Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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